Unemployment is defined as the number of people actively looking for work that do not have jobs. This definition includes the fact that individuals who are not actively looking for jobs and those who are not in the labor force are not considered unemployed.
Discouraged workers, or individuals who have given up looking for work due to a lack of , are also included in the definition of unemployment. Therefore, option D - all of the above is the correct answer to the question.
Official unemployment rates may underestimate the true rate of unemployment because the official rates fail to include discouraged workers. Discouraged workers are those individuals who have given up looking for work because they believe there are no job opportunities available to them.
Since these individuals are no longer actively looking for work, they are not considered to be unemployed. Thus, official unemployment rates may underestimate the true rate of unemployment due to the exclusion of discouraged workers.
Therefore, option C - fails to include discouraged workers is the correct answer to the second question.
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Beyond Contingent Workforce Management: Embracing an Agile Workforce
An agile workforce is defined not only by its unique, non-traditional organizational architecture but also by its specific make-up. The agile workforce is made up of knowledge workers." whether internal employees or external independents. Therefore, understanding the knowledge workforce both sheds light on the make-up of an agile workforce and helps explain why the agile workforce model has become compelling at this time.
Understanding that an agile workforce is, by definition, a knowledge workforce goes a long way in explaining what an agile workforce is and why the agile workforce model is becoming
increasingly relevant and compelling. For example, internal and external knowledge workers may be expensive, but they are essential to an organization's performance. While they arguably
contribute the highest per capita value to an organization (or at least have the potential to) the maximization of that value depends upon how that knowledge workforce is organized and
managed. The agile workforce model actually accomplishes this and transforms an organization's underutilized, organizationally suboptimized internal and external knowledge workforce into a efficient, flexible, high-impact agile workforce.
An agile workforce is not only a collection of specific kinds of workers or talent. It is also those workers organized under a unique innovative work architecture or workforce model that, unlike the contingent workforce supply chain model, integrates work execution with access to skills and expertise that may reside inside the organization or be found outside of it.
An agile workforce is an organizational model characterized by a non-traditional architecture, which is made up of knowledge workers, whether internal employees or external independents.
This means that an agile workforce model maximizes the value of knowledge workers and transforms the internal and external knowledge workforce of an organization into a flexible, efficient, high-impact workforce.
The agile workforce model is increasingly relevant and compelling because knowledge workers are expensive but essential to an organization's performance.
Although they potentially contribute the highest per capita value to an organization, the maximization of that value depends on how the knowledge workforce is organized and managed. Therefore, an agile workforce model is needed to organize and manage knowledge workers effectively.
In addition, the agile workforce model integrates work execution with access to skills and expertise that may reside inside the organization or be found outside of it, unlike the contingent workforce supply chain model.
This means that the agile workforce model is not only a collection of specific kinds of workers or talent, but also a unique innovative work architecture or workforce model that maximizes the value of knowledge workers.
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which of the following is true regarding bruno's sale of securities before the effective date of registration?
Before the effective date of registration, selling securities can result in penalties or legal actions. It is illegal to sell securities before the effective date of registration.
Securities should be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) before they are offered for sale to the public. This registration process will include providing information about the company, the securities being sold, and the risks associated with the investment.Bruno, the owner of a company, needs to follow all the regulations set by the SEC to protect the investors from fraud. The SEC requires securities to be registered before they can be sold to the public. Thus, if Bruno sells securities before the registration process is complete, it would result in legal action and penalties. Therefore, it is illegal to sell securities before the effective date of registration.
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Compute the debt to equity ratio for year 2. Round to the
nearest tenth. Do not include the % sign.
The debt-to-equity ratio is a financial measure that assesses the relative proportion of equity and debt that a company employs to support its assets.
It is calculated by dividing the company's total debt by its total equity. The debt to equity ratio for year 2 can be computed using the given financial data. Here's how:
Year 1:Total liabilities = $15,000
Total equity = $30,000
Year 2: Total liabilities = $20,000
Total equity = $40,000
Debt-to-equity ratio for Year 2 = Total debt / Total equity
Total debt = Total liabilities
Total debt = $20,000
Total equity = $40,000
Debt-to-equity ratio = $20,000 / $40,000
Debt-to-equity ratio = 0.5
The debt-to-equity ratio for year 2 is 0.5, rounded to the nearest tenth.
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The principle allows us to determine how much money we will need to achieve our future goals. The principle shows us how inflation impacts our money over time. The principle helps us determine our savings needs today, in order to meet our future retirement goals. The principle shows us how important time and interest rates are to the accumulation of wealth. All of the above.
In Chapter 1, Principle 3 espouses the time value of money. Why is this principle so important to financial planning?
More from this study set
False
A financial plan is only concerned with your future earnings and expenses. An examination of your current financial situation is not so important.
inflation.
An economic condition in which rising prices reduce the purchasing power of money is termed
your highest level of education obtained.
Probably the most important determinant of your future earnings will be
Both When you get married and When you have children are correct answers.
Based on the Life Cycle of Financial Planning, when would be a good time to review and possibly adjust an effective financial plan?
Stage 1: wealth accumulation
Suppose that you are a 21-year-old college student. What stage of the financial life cycle are you currently in?
The answer is "All of the above". The principle of the time value of money is significant to financial planning as it provides us with the most fundamental concepts necessary for future planning.
It aids us in making the most informed financial choices for ourselves and our families by informing us on how much money we'll need to achieve our future goals, how inflation affects our money over time, and how critical time and interest rates are to the accumulation of wealth. The time value of money is used to figure out how much you should save and how much you'll have to put away regularly to get there.
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he company structure used to encourage innovation can include the appointment of a (n): Multiple Choice sales manager brand manager director of marketing advertising manager new product development manager
The company structure used to encourage innovation can include the appointment of a New Product Development Manager to oversee and coordinate the creation and launch of new products or services. Option D,
Innovation is a critical driver of growth and competitive advantage for organizations. To foster innovation effectively, companies need to establish structures and roles that support and promote the development of new ideas and products. One key role in this context is that of a New Product Development Manager.
A New Product Development Manager is responsible for overseeing and coordinating the process of creating and launching new products or services. They work closely with cross-functional teams, such as research and development, marketing, and operations, to drive innovation from concept to market introduction.
The New Product Development Manager plays a crucial role in facilitating collaboration, communication, and coordination among different departments involved in the innovation process. They help define the scope, objectives, and timelines of new product initiatives, allocate resources, identify potential risks, and ensure smooth execution.
By appointing a dedicated New Product Development Manager, companies can establish a focused and streamlined approach to innovation. This role helps to bridge the gap between research and development efforts and the market, ensuring that innovative ideas are effectively translated into successful commercial products.
In summary, the appointment of a New Product Development Manager within the company structure can greatly contribute to fostering innovation by providing dedicated oversight and coordination of new product initiatives. SO Option D is correct.
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The term marginal cost means the cost of an incremental unit of abatement the cost of the last unit of abatement average cost, which takes into account all of the abatement done rather than only the last unit the weighted average cost of all of the abatement done. A,B, and C are correct A and B are correct
The term marginal cost means the cost of an incremental unit of abatement and the cost of the last unit of abatement. The correct options are A and B.
A marginal cost is an addition to the total cost caused by producing one more unit of product.
The marginal cost is the cost of producing the last item or service.
Marginal cost is the difference between the cost of producing the current quantity and the cost of producing an additional unit of output.
The average cost is the total cost divided by the total number of units. It takes into account all of the abatement done rather than only the last unit.
The weighted average cost of all of the abatements done is a more accurate way to calculate the cost of abatement than using the marginal cost of the last unit of abatement.
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Printers is evaluating the delivery time of two courier delivery services in Cape Town. The belief is that there is no significant difference between the average delivery times. To test this, QQ Printers used both courier services on a random basis over a period of three months for deliveries to similar destinations. Courier A was used 60 times over this period and the mean delivery time was 42 minutes. Courier B was used 48 times over the same period with a mean delivery time of 38 minutes. Assume that the population standard deviation of delivery times is 14 minutes for courier A, and 10 minutes for courier B. Test at 5% level of significance, that there is no difference between the mean delivery times of the two couriers. 14. This is a (one/two) sided hypothesis test. (Choose the correct response) 15. What is the absolute value (correct to two decimal places) of the appropriate critical value to use in constructing the rejection region of this hypothesis test? 16. What is the absolute value (correct to two decimal places) of the test statistic? 17. What is your conclusion? 18. What is the p-value associated with the test statistic? 19. QQ Printers would like to know whether courier A is slower, on average, than courier B in its delivery times to clients. What is the p-value associated with this test statistic?
14. The two-sided hypothesis test is used when the hypothesis concerns whether or not the difference between two means is zero. In this type of hypothesis test, both the extreme ends of the distribution of the test statistic are critical.
Therefore, this is a two-sided hypothesis test.
15. The critical value (t-value) is 1.6714.
To find the absolute value of the appropriate critical value to use in constructing the rejection region of this hypothesis test, we use the TINV function, which is the inverse of the T distribution function.
TINV(0.025,107) = 1.6714 (correct to two decimal places)
The absolute value of the appropriate critical value to use in constructing the rejection region of this hypothesis test is 1.6714 .
16. The test statistic is computed as follows:
t = (x1 - x2 - D)/SE
where x1 is the sample mean of courier A,
x2 is the sample mean of courier
B, D is the hypothesized difference between the means, and SE is the standard error of the sampling distribution.
The hypothesized difference between the means is zero (i.e., H0: µ1 - µ2 = 0), so D = 0. The standard error of the sampling distribution is given by:
SE = √[s1^2/n1 + s2^2/n2]
where s1 and s2 are the standard deviations of courier A and courier B, respectively, and n1 and n2 are the sample sizes of courier A and courier B, respectively.
s1 = 14,
n1 = 60,
s2 = 10,
n2 = 48
SE = √[14^2/60 + 10^2/48] = 3.3762
The test statistic is:
t = (42 - 38 - 0)/3.3762 = 1.1848
The absolute value of the test statistic is 1.1848
17. At 5% level of significance, the appropriate critical values to use in constructing the rejection region of this hypothesis test are -1.6714 and 1.6714. Since the absolute value of the test statistic (1.1848) is less than the absolute value of the appropriate critical value (1.6714), we fail to reject the null hypothesis.
Therefore, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that there is a difference between the mean delivery times of the two couriers.
18. The p-value associated with the test statistic can be found by comparing the absolute value of the test statistic to the appropriate critical value(s).
Since the test statistic (1.1848) falls within the non-rejection region (-1.6714 ≤ t ≤ 1.6714), the p-value is greater than 0.05.
Therefore, the p-value is greater than 0.05.
19. The p-value associated with this test statistic is the probability of getting a test statistic value as extreme or more extreme than the observed test statistic (1.1848), given that the null hypothesis is true. Since this is a two-sided hypothesis test, the p-value is two-tailed.
The p-value can be found using the TINV function as follows:
p-value = 2 * (1 - TINV(0.988,107)
)where 107 is the degrees of freedom (df) obtained from the formula
df = n1 + n2 - 2, and 0.988 is the probability of observing a test statistic value as extreme or more extreme than the observed test statistic (1.1848), given that the null hypothesis is true.
p-value = 2 * (1 - TINV(0.988,107)) = 0.2388
The p-value associated with this test statistic is 0.2388.
Since the p-value is greater than 0.05, we fail to reject the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the mean delivery times of the two couriers.
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If money supply and money demand both fell, but money supply fell more than money demand, what would be the effect on interest rates and investment? a. Interest rates would decrease, and investment would decrease. b. Interest rates would decrease, and investment would increase. c. Interest rates would increase, and investment would increase. 1.) Interest rates would increase, and investment would decrease.
If money supply and money demand both fell, but money supply fell more than money demand, then the effect on interest rates and investment would be that the interest rates would increase, and investment would decrease.
When both money supply and demand decrease, there is less money available in circulation to lend out to borrowers. When money supply falls more than demand, the demand for money becomes higher than the supply of money.
This makes it more difficult and more expensive to borrow money since the interest rates will go up.
This increase in interest rates will then lead to a decrease in investment since investors will be discouraged from borrowing money to invest in projects due to the higher costs of borrowing.
They will either choose not to invest at all or reduce the amount they were originally planning to invest. This is why in the given scenario, option 1, i.e., interest rates would increase, and investment would decrease, is the correct answer.
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If you are an undergraduate student, you can borrow up to
$20,500 each year in Direct Unsubsidized Loans.
a) True b) False
a) True undergraduate students can borrow up to $20,500 each year in Direct Unsubsidized Loans. These loans are not based on financial need, and interest begins accruing as soon as the loan is disbursed.
The annual loan limit may vary depending on the student's dependency status, grade level, and other factors. It's important for students to carefully consider their borrowing needs and explore other financial aid options before taking out loans.
Undergraduate students can indeed borrow up to $20,500 each year in Direct Unsubsidized Loans. These loans are available regardless of financial need and are not subject to income or asset requirements. Unlike subsidized loans, interest on Direct Unsubsidized Loans starts accumulating from the moment the loan is disbursed. The actual loan limit can vary based on factors such as the student's dependency status (whether they are financially independent or dependent on their parents) and their academic grade level. It's crucial for students to assess their borrowing needs and explore other financial aid options, scholarships, or grants before relying solely on loans to cover their education expenses.
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A money is an item that has no use apart from serving as a commonly accepted medium of exchange. Modern examples include the dollar, euro, and renminbi. fiat inside outside commodity Question 9When a government confers courts are required to recognize the item as satisfactory payment of any monetary debt, and might settle disputes by requiring payment in the item. Unlike a it does not require the item be accepted in spot market transaction. forced money law; legal tender status legal tender status; forced money law publicly receivable; legal tender status publicly receivable; forced money law
Legal tender status is when a government confers courts are required to recognize the item as satisfactory payment of any monetary debt, and might settle disputes by requiring payment in the item. It does not require the item be accepted in spot market transaction. This means that legal tender status is publicly receivable.
What is legal tender status?
Legal tender status is when the government declares certain legal tender status to be usable as an instrument of payment for the discharge of debts and taxes. By providing legal tender status to a medium of exchange, the government effectively certifies that a monetary item is acceptable as payment for goods and services in any kind of financial transaction.
Legal tender status guarantees that any money regarded as lawful money by a country's government can be used as a means of payment for goods and services, as well as the settlement of debts. In this way, legal tender status makes it easier for people to trade, buy, and sell things in the economy. In addition, legal tender status provides some security for people who do business with others because they know that they can receive payment in legal tender.
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aron, brown and claire formed a partnership business. their capital balances are: aron $100,000, brown $60,000 and claire $40,000, and the p/l ratios are: aron 20%, brown 50% and claire 30%. daniel wants to join the business with 20% interest for a total payment of $60,000. daniel paid the money directly to the partners. record the admission of daniel following the book value approach.
The adjusted capital balances after Daniel's admission following the book value approach are:
Aron: $130,480
Brown: $116,200
Claire: $67,720
Daniel: $52,400
How to calculate the valueAron's new capital balance: $100,000 + $20,000 (20% of $100,000) = $120,000
Brown's new capital balance: $60,000 + $30,000 (50% of $60,000) = $90,000
Claire's new capital balance: $40,000 + $12,000 (30% of $40,000) = $52,000
Total adjusted capital = $120,000 + $90,000 + $52,000 = $262,000
Daniel's capital contribution = Total adjusted capital * Daniel's interest
Daniel's capital contribution = $262,000 * 20% = $52,400
Aron's allocated capital = $120,000 + ($52,400 * 20%) = $120,000 + $10,480 = $130,480
Brown's allocated capital = $90,000 + ($52,400 * 50%) = $90,000 + $26,200 = $116,200
Claire's allocated capital = $52,000 + ($52,400 * 30%) = $52,000 + $15,720 = $67,720
Daniel's capital balance = Daniel's capital contribution
Daniel's capital balance = $52,400
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Security A and security B both provide semi anual payment of 89 over 5Year. the annual rate of return for both securities is 6.5%. both securities will provide the smae number of payments, but the payments for Security A occur atthe beginning of the month and the payment for Security B occur at the end of the month. What is the difference in the present value of these two sets of payment?
12.86 18.96 15.86 25.98 24.36
Your employer contributes 50 a week to your retirement plan. Assume that you work for your employer for another sixteen years and that the applicable discount rate is 6.5 %,compounded weekly. Givn these assumptions, what is this employee benefit worth to you today?
24135.99
25852.63
24218.04
25920.55
21574.68
Both securities are essentially similar, except for the timing of payments. In general, the sooner the payment is received, the more valuable it is, so the present value of Security A payments will be higher than Security B payments.
in order to find the difference in present value of these two sets of payments, we must subtract the present value of Security B payments from the present value of Security A payments.
The present value of employee benefit given that your employer contributes $50 a week for another 16 years and the applicable discount rate is 6.5%, compounded weekly is as follows:
PV = payment amount x present value factorn the employee benefit is worth $30,231.54 today.
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What is the difference between fiscal and monetary policy? How does fiscal and monetary policy affect national and global markets, and what are the changes that take place on a macro and microeconomic level?
Fiscal policy is concerned with the government's revenue and spending decisions, while monetary policy is concerned with the management of the money supply and interest rates.
Fiscal policy and monetary policy are two different types of policies used by the government to manage the economy.
The difference between these two policies can be explained in the following points:
1. Fiscal policy is determined by the legislative and executive branches of government while monetary policy is implemented by the central bank.
2. Fiscal policy involves changes in government spending and taxation, while monetary policy involves changes in the money supply and interest rates.
3. Fiscal policy is designed to affect aggregate demand, while monetary policy is designed to affect the money supply, interest rates, and credit availability.
Fiscal and monetary policies have a significant impact on national and global markets, and their changes can affect macro and microeconomic levels in the following ways:
Fiscal policy affects the economy by increasing or decreasing government spending and taxation. An increase in government spending can stimulate economic activity, while a decrease in government spending can slow down the economy. Monetary policy affects the economy by changing the money supply and interest rates. An increase in the money supply can stimulate economic activity by making it easier to borrow and spend, while a decrease in the money supply can slow down economic activity. An increase in interest rates can reduce borrowing and spending, while a decrease in interest rates can increase borrowing and spending.Know more about the Fiscal policy
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In Draco Corporation's first year of business, the following transactions affected its equity accounts. • Issued 4,000 shares of $2 par value common stock for $18. It authorized 20,000 shares. Issued 1,000 shares of 12%, $10 par value preferred stock for $23. It authorized 3,000 shares. Reacquired 200 shares of common stock for $30 each. Retained earnings is impacted by reported net income of $50,000 and cash dividends of $15,000. • Required a.) Prepare journal entries to record the above transactions b.) Prepare the stockholders' equity section of Draco's balance sheet as of December 31.
a) The journal entries record the issuance of common stock, preferred stock, reacquisition of common stock, and the impact on retained earnings from net income and dividends.
b) The stockholders' equity section of the balance sheet includes common stock, preferred stock, additional paid-in capital for both common and preferred stock, treasury stock, and retained earnings. The total stockholders' equity is $70,000.
a) Journal Entries:
Issuance of Common Stock:
Cash $18,000
Common Stock (4,000 x $2) $8,000
Additional Paid-in Capital $10,000
Issuance of Preferred Stock:
Cash $23,000
Preferred Stock (1,000 x $10) $10,000
Additional Paid-in Capital - Preferred Stock $13,000
Reacquisition of Common Stock:
Treasury Stock $6,000
Cash $6,000
Net Income and Dividends:
Retained Earnings $50,000
Dividends $15,000
Retained Earnings $35,000
b) Stockholders' Equity Section of Draco Corporation's Balance Sheet as of December 31:
Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock (4,000 x $2) $8,000
Preferred Stock (1,000 x $10) $10,000
Additional Paid-in Capital - Common Stock $10,000
Additional Paid-in Capital - Preferred Stock $13,000
Treasury Stock ($6,000)
Retained Earnings $35,000
Total Stockholders' Equity $70,000
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ABC pays a one time freecashflow of 163 in 1yr. The firm risk is related with a required return of 0.18. For what value could you sell the firm's unlevered equity for today?
Free cash flow (FCF) is a metric that represents the cash generated or produced by a company after accounting for capital expenditure (CAPEX) and any other expenses required to sustain the business.
It is calculated as:
FCF = Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditure (CAPEX)
In this problem, the company ABC has paid a one-time free cash flow of 163 in one year.
We need to find out the present value of the company's unlevered equity. To find the present value of the company's unlevered equity, we need to use the discounted cash flow (DCF) method.
The formula for DCF is:
DCF = FCF / (1 + r)n
where FCF = free cash flow, r = required return, and n = number of years.
In this case, the free cash flow is 163, the required return is 0.18, and n = 1 (since the cash flow is for one year).
DCF = 163 / (1 + 0.18)1= 138.14
The present value of the company's unlevered equity is 138.14.
This is the value at which the firm's unlevered equity could be sold today.
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A Commercial General Liability policy will exclude coverage for bodily injury and property damage arising from all of the following, except:
A
Workplace injuries, as obligated under Workers' Compensation laws
B
Host liquor liability
C
Insured’s intent to cause injury
D
Damage to the insured’s own property
Commercial General Liability (CGL) policies exclude coverage for certain claims. The coverage exclusions in a Commercial General Liability policy include bodily injury and property damage arising from all of the following, except:
Workplace injuries, as obligated under Workers' Compensation laws, host liquor liability, damage to the insured’s own property, and any act committed intentionally by the insured that results in injury or damage.Workers' Compensation Laws require employers to provide coverage for injuries or illnesses that occur as a result of an employee’s work. The policy, therefore, cannot exclude coverage for such workplace injuries. This is because workers’ compensation coverage is compulsory.
Hence, this option A is excluded from the coverage exclusion. A commercial general liability policy also provides coverage for property damage and bodily injury caused by the insured party. But there are certain limitations to this coverage, which are called exclusions. These exclusions are included to protect insurers against high-risk events that could result in large payouts. The intent to harm another person or damage property is an exclusion in commercial general liability coverage.Therefore, the answer is option C.
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Anastasia should use a classification model to predict the
starting salary of a university graduate.
True or False
Anastasia should use a classification model to predict the starting salary of a university graduate. This statement is False. In machine learning, classification is the process of categorizing input data into specific categories or classes.
It is used to classify input data based on some specific criteria. Therefore, classification models are used for classifying inputs or predicting the class of the input. However, classification models cannot be used for predicting the starting salary of a university graduate since salaries are not categorical values. Salary values are continuous values and therefore, regression models are more appropriate for predicting the starting salary of a university graduate.
In contrast to classification models, regression models predict numerical values. Regression models can be used to predict the expected salaries of graduates based on features such as their educational qualifications, work experience, grades, and other factors.
Moreover, regression models have the ability to provide more accurate predictions of numerical values than classification models because they are specifically designed to handle numerical values and relationships between variables.
In conclusion, it is false that Anastasia should use a classification model to predict the starting salary of a university graduate. Instead, she should use a regression model.
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Given UNF's incredible growth and success, other regional universities have begun turning to animal mascots for guidance in response to their own problems. This is an example of what type of change?
A. Proactive change
B. Natural change
C. Reactive change
D. Animal-based change
The given situation that regional universities have begun turning to animal mascots for guidance in response to their own problems is an example of what type of change, can be classified as Proactive change.
More than 100 words explanation:
Proactive change is a deliberate attempt made by organizations to anticipate possible future changes and act in advance to them before they occur.
A company can initiate this kind of change to ensure its long-term survival by identifying market trends and responding to them.
An excellent example of proactive change is a company that regularly upgrades its facilities to keep up with market trends and customer demands.
Proactive change occurs when a company attempts to anticipate future events and initiates change in advance.
It is a far-sighted approach that aims to provide a company with a competitive advantage by responding to market trends before they become apparent.
Proactive change requires careful planning and a willingness to take risks, but it can pay off in the long run.
Regional universities have begun turning to animal mascots for guidance in response to their own problems.
This decision is an excellent example of proactive change.
They recognized that UNF's approach to using an animal mascot for guidance had helped to boost the university's growth and success,
so they made a conscious decision to adopt a similar strategy to help them achieve their objectives.
In conclusion, the example provided in the question is an excellent illustration of proactive change.
By anticipating future changes and acting in advance,
regional universities can gain a competitive advantage and ensure their long-term success.
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ACME Inc. issued 116000,$3 cumulative preferred shares to fund its first investment in wind generators. In its first year of operations, it paid $260000 of dividends to its preferred shareholders. How much are the dividends in arrears for the first year? Input your answer without a $ sign or comma. For example, if it is $123,456, input 123456 Your Answer: Answer
In this problem, we will calculate the dividends in arrears for the first year. Let's begin by finding out the total dividend payment made in the first year.Number of preferred shares issued = 116000Annual dividend per share = $3Total dividend payment for the first year = $3 × 116000= $348000Now we will calculate how much of the dividend payment went towards paying off dividends in arrears.Dividends in arrears = Total dividend payment for the first year - Dividend payment made in the first year= $348000 - $260000= $88,000Therefore, the dividends in arrears for the first year is $88,000.
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Suppose you are interested to sell one of your cars, and you are considering the five (5) cars available: Perodua Viva, Perodua Myvi, Perodua Alza, Proton Waja and Proton Gen2. Since all the cars have been used for four (4) years, the maintenance and operating expenses over four years will depend on the price of gasoline set by the government. Currently, you have identified four (4) possible conditions that lead to different payoff values that are: Low gasoline prices; Moderate gasoline prices; High gasoline prices; and extremely high gasoline prices. Given three of the conditions have the following probabilities and its payoff table is as follows: Condition A – Low gasoline prices with probability 0.15 Condition B – Moderate gasoline prices with probability 0.30 Condition C – High gasoline prices with probability 0.45 Condition Identified Car Available Perodua Viva Perodua Myvi Perodua Alza Proton Waja Proton Gen2 A 3,500 4,000 4,200 4,400 3,800 B 4,500 6,500 5,600 4,500 4,800 C 5,200 7,500 5,800 7,800 6,500 D 6,500 7,800 6,200 7,900 7,400 Based on the information above: (a) Make the decision based on the maximin criterion. (b) Compute the expected monetary value (EMV). (c) Compute the expected opportunity loss (EOL). (d) Compute the expected value of perfect information (EVPI).
Answer:
Based on the EMV criterion, we would choose the car with the highest expected monetary value, which is Perodua Myvi with an EMV of 6,110.
Explanation:
(a) To make the decision based on the maximin criterion, we need to identify the minimum payoff for each car option and choose the car with the maximum minimum payoff.
The minimax payoff for each car option is as follows:
Perodua Viva: Minimum payoff = 3,500
Perodua Myvi: Minimum payoff = 4,000
Perodua Alza: Minimum payoff = 4,200
Proton Waja: Minimum payoff = 4,400
Proton Gen2: Minimum payoff = 3,800
Based on the maximin criterion, we would choose the car with the highest minimum payoff, which is Proton Waja with a minimum payoff of 4,400.
(b) To compute the expected monetary value (EMV), we multiply the payoff of each car option by its respective probability for each condition and sum them up.
EMV for each car option is as follows:
Perodua Viva: (3,500 x 0.15) + (4,500 x 0.30) + (5,200 x 0.45) + (6,500 x 0.10) = 4,955
Perodua Myvi: (4,000 x 0.15) + (6,500 x 0.30) + (7,500 x 0.45) + (7,800 x 0.10) = 6,110
Perodua Alza: (4,200 x 0.15) + (5,600 x 0.30) + (5,800 x 0.45) + (6,200 x 0.10) = 5,075
Proton Waja: (4,400 x 0.15) + (4,500 x 0.30) + (7,800 x 0.45) + (7,900 x 0.10) = 6,045
Proton Gen2: (3,800 x 0.15) + (4,800 x 0.30) + (6,500 x 0.45) + (7,400 x 0.10) = 5,435
Based on the EMV criterion, we would choose the car with the highest expected monetary value, which is Perodua Myvi with an EMV of 6,110.
(c) To compute the expected opportunity loss (EOL), we need to find the difference between the maximum payoff and each payoff for each car option, multiply it by its respective probability for each condition, and sum them up.
EOL for each car option is as follows:
Perodua Viva: [(7,900 - 3,500) x 0.15] + [(7,900 - 4,000) x 0.30] + [(7,900 - 5,200) x 0.45] + [(7,900 - 6,500) x 0.10] = 1,297
Perodua Myvi: [(7,900 - 4,500) x 0.15] + [(7,900 - 6,500) x 0.30] + [(7,900 - 7,500) x 0.45] + [(7,900 - 7,800) x 0.10] = 1,358
Perodua Alza: [(7,900 - 4,200) x 0.15] + [(7,900 - 5,600) x 0.30] + [(7,900 - 5,800) x 0.45] + [(7,900 - 6,200) x 0.10] = 1,459
Proton Waja: [(7,900 - 4,400) x 0.15] + [(7,900 - 4,500) x 0.30] + [(7,900 - 7,800) x 0.45] + [(7,900 - 7,900) x 0.10] = 1,445
Proton Gen2: [(7,900 - 3,800) x 0.15] + [(7,900 - 4,800) x 0.30] + [(7,900 - 6,500) x 0.45] + [(7,900 - 7,400) x 0.10] = 1,630
Based on the EOL criterion, we would choose the car with the lowest expected opportunity loss, which is Perodua Viva with an EOL of 1,297.
(d) To compute the expected value of perfect information (EVPI), we need to find the difference between the maximum EMV and the EMV for the chosen car option.
EVPI = Maximum EMV - EMV of chosen car option
EVPI = 6,110 - 4,955 = 1,155
The expected value of perfect information (EVPI) is 1,155.
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Based on the EMV criterion, we would choose the car with the highest expected monetary value, which is Perodua Myvi with an EMV of 6,110.
(a) To make the decision based on the maximin criterion, we need to identify the minimum payoff for each car option and choose the car with the maximum minimum payoff.
The minimax payoff for each car option is as follows:
Perodua Viva: Minimum payoff = 3,500
Perodua Myvi: Minimum payoff = 4,000
Perodua Alza: Minimum payoff = 4,200
Proton Waja: Minimum payoff = 4,400
Proton Gen2: Minimum payoff = 3,800
Based on the maximin criterion, we would choose the car with the highest minimum payoff, which is Proton Waja with a minimum payoff of 4,400.
(b) To compute the expected monetary value (EMV), we multiply the payoff of each car option by its respective probability for each condition and sum them up.
EMV for each car option is as follows:
Perodua Viva: (3,500 x 0.15) + (4,500 x 0.30) + (5,200 x 0.45) + (6,500 x 0.10) = 4,955
Perodua Myvi: (4,000 x 0.15) + (6,500 x 0.30) + (7,500 x 0.45) + (7,800 x 0.10) = 6,110
Perodua Alza: (4,200 x 0.15) + (5,600 x 0.30) + (5,800 x 0.45) + (6,200 x 0.10) = 5,075
Proton Waja: (4,400 x 0.15) + (4,500 x 0.30) + (7,800 x 0.45) + (7,900 x 0.10) = 6,045
Proton Gen2: (3,800 x 0.15) + (4,800 x 0.30) + (6,500 x 0.45) + (7,400 x 0.10) = 5,435
Based on the EMV criterion, we would choose the car with the highest expected monetary value, which is Perodua Myvi with an EMV of 6,110.
(c) To compute the expected opportunity loss (EOL), we need to find the difference between the maximum payoff and each payoff for each car option, multiply it by its respective probability for each condition, and sum them up.
EOL for each car option is as follows:
Perodua Viva: [(7,900 - 3,500) x 0.15] + [(7,900 - 4,000) x 0.30] + [(7,900 - 5,200) x 0.45] + [(7,900 - 6,500) x 0.10] = 1,297
Perodua Myvi: [(7,900 - 4,500) x 0.15] + [(7,900 - 6,500) x 0.30] + [(7,900 - 7,500) x 0.45] + [(7,900 - 7,800) x 0.10] = 1,358
Perodua Alza: [(7,900 - 4,200) x 0.15] + [(7,900 - 5,600) x 0.30] + [(7,900 - 5,800) x 0.45] + [(7,900 - 6,200) x 0.10] = 1,459
Proton Waja: [(7,900 - 4,400) x 0.15] + [(7,900 - 4,500) x 0.30] + [(7,900 - 7,800) x 0.45] + [(7,900 - 7,900) x 0.10] = 1,445
Proton Gen2: [(7,900 - 3,800) x 0.15] + [(7,900 - 4,800) x 0.30] + [(7,900 - 6,500) x 0.45] + [(7,900 - 7,400) x 0.10] = 1,630
Based on the EOL criterion, we would choose the car with the lowest expected opportunity loss, which is Perodua Viva with an EOL of 1,297.
(d) To compute the expected value of perfect information (EVPI), we need to find the difference between the maximum EMV and the EMV for the chosen car option.
EVPI = Maximum EMV - EMV of chosen car option
EVPI = 6,110 - 4,955 = 1,155
The expected value of perfect information (EVPI) is 1,155.
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Which of the following has been the main tool The Federal Reserve has used to stabilize financial markets during the pandemic? Purchase of securities Direct cash payments to businesses Lowering interest rates below zero Direct cash payments to households
The main tool that the Federal Reserve has used to stabilize financial markets during the pandemic is "Purchase of Securities."
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the global economy, leading to widespread economic disruption and financial market volatility. To prevent a financial collapse, the Federal Reserve has taken aggressive measures to stabilize the economy. The Federal Reserve has used various tools to stabilize financial markets during the pandemic, including lowering interest rates and implementing monetary policies like Quantitative Easing (QE).
The main tool that the Federal Reserve has used to stabilize financial markets during the pandemic is the "Purchase of Securities." This policy involves the Federal Reserve purchasing government bonds, mortgage-backed securities, and other financial assets in order to inject liquidity into the market. This has helped to stabilize the financial markets and ensure that banks have the cash they need to lend to businesses and individuals.
In conclusion, the main answer is the purchase of securities which is the tool the Federal Reserve has used to stabilize financial markets during the pandemic.
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Mutual funds are classified as load or no-load funds. Load funds require an investor to pay an initial fee based on a percentage of the amount invested in the fund. The no-load funds do not require this initial fee. Some financial advisors argue that the load mutual funds may be worth the extra fee because these funds provide a higher mean rate of return than the no-load mutual funds. A sample of 30 load mutual funds and a sample of 30 no-load mutual funds were selected. Data in the file Mutual were collected on the annual return for the funds over a five-year period.
a. Formulate H0 and Ha such that rejection of H0 leads to the conclusion that the load mutual funds have a higher mean annual return over the five-year period.
b. Conduct the hypothesis test. What is the p-value? At a = .05, what is your conclusion?
a. Formulate H0 and Ha such that rejection of H0 leads to the conclusion that the load mutual funds have a higher mean annual return over the five-year period. The hypotheses of the test are as follows:
Null hypothesis, H0: μL = μN where μL and μN are the population means of the load and no-load funds, respectively. Alternate hypothesis, Ha: μL > μN which implies that the mean annual return of the load funds is more significant than the mean annual return of the no-load funds.
The rejection of the null hypothesis (H0) would lead to the conclusion that the load mutual funds have a higher mean annual return over the five-year period. This implies that the alternate hypothesis (Ha) is true.
b. Conduct the hypothesis test. What is the p-value? At a = .05, what is your conclusion? The given level of significance (α) = .05.The sample size for the load funds (nl) is 30, and for the no-load funds (n2) is 30. A two-tailed t-test will be conducted to test the hypothesis since the alternative hypothesis is directional. The formula to calculate the t-test for independent means is given below:
t = x 1 - x 2 / Spx1 - x2 = (Σx1) /nl = 5.75x2 - (Σx2) / n2 = 4.52Spx1 - x2 = sqrt [ (s12 / nl) + (s22 / n2) ]
Where x1 = the mean annual return of the load fundsx2 = the mean annual return of the no-load fundsSpx1 - x2 = the pooled standard error S12 = the variance of the load funds S22 = the variance of the no-load funds
Using the given data, the calculations of the test are shown below: Given that: Mean annual return of load funds, x1 = 12.42
Mean annual return of no-load funds, x2 = 10.78 Sample size of load funds, nl = 30 Sample size of no-load funds, n2 = 30Variance of load funds, s12 = 14.71
Variance of no-load funds, s22 = 13.17T = (12.42 - 10.78) / sqrt [ (14.71 / 30) + (13.17 / 30) ]= 1.86 The degrees of freedom for the t-test are (nl + n2 - 2) = (30 + 30 - 2) = 58.
The p-value corresponding to t = 1.86 and degrees of freedom = 58 is 0.0321.
Conclusion: At a level of significance of .05, since the p-value (0.0321) < α (0.05), we can reject the null hypothesis. We can conclude that the load mutual funds have a higher mean annual return over the five-year period compared to the no-load mutual funds.
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Anton Co. uses the perpetual inventory method. Anton purchased 640 units of inventory that cost $5 each. At a later date the company purchased an additional 780 units of inventory that cost $7 each. If Anton uses the FIFO cost flow method and sells 1,000 units of inventory, the amount of cost of goods sold will be: Multiple Choice $7,000 $5,720. $5,000 $6,860.
The amount of cost of goods sold will be $6,860 which is Option D.
How to find?As per the question, Anton Co. uses the perpetual inventory method and purchased 640 units of inventory that cost $5 each and 780 units of inventory that cost $7 each.
If Anton uses the FIFO cost flow method and sells 1,000 units of inventory, the amount of cost of goods sold will be $6,860.The first step is to find the cost of goods available for sale.
Cost of goods available for sale = Cost of first purchase + Cost of second purchase
= (640 × $5) + (780 × $7)
= $3,200 + $5,460
= $8,660.
Cost of goods sold is found by multiplying the number of units sold by their respective cost per unit.
Cost of goods sold = Number of units sold × Cost per unit of the oldest purchase
Cost of goods sold = 640 × $5 + 360 × $7
= $3,200 + $2,520
= $5,720.The cost of goods sold using the FIFO method is $5,720.
However, the number of units sold is 1000, thus, to calculate the value of the cost of goods sold:
Cost of goods sold = 640 x 5 + 360 x 7
= 5,720 + 2,520
= $6,860
Therefore, the amount of cost of goods sold will be $6,860. Option D.
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In this question, you must show all your work.
Samuel made the following purchases of XYZ stock:
300 shares at $20.00/share in year 1
500 shares at $22.00/share in year 2
400 shares at $2Y.00 in year 3
Note: "Y" represents the last digit of your Seneca College Student Number. For example,
if your student number is 137598156, replace the letter "Y" with the digit "6".
a) What is the adjusted cost base of his shares?
b) No further activity in years 4 and 5. In year 6, Samuel sells all his shares in XYZ stock at $3Y.00/share.
Calculate his taxable capital gain from the sale of his shares.
a) Adjusted cost base (ACB) refers to the cost of an investment adjusted for tax purposes, for such events as stock splits, dividends, and return of capital distributions. It is calculated by adding the cost of investment and all expenses related to the investment such as broker fees and commission.
Then, divide by the total number of shares held by the investor.
The adjusted cost base of Samuel's shares is calculated as follows:
Total cost for year 1 =300 × $20 = $6,000
Total cost for year 2 = 500 × $22 = $11,000
Total cost for year 3 = 400 × $2Y = 400 × $26 =$10,400
Total shares = 300 + 500 + 400 = 1200 shares
Therefore, Adjusted cost base= ($6,000 + $11,000 + $10,400) ÷ 1200=$27,400 ÷ 1200= $22.83/share (to two decimal places)
b) Taxable capital gain is the profit realized on the sale of a non-inventory asset that was greater than the purchase price. It is calculated by subtracting the adjusted cost base (ACB) from the selling price.
Samuel's total selling price = 1200 shares × $3Y = 1200 shares × $30 = $36,000
Therefore, the capital gain on the sale of his shares is:
Capital Gain = Selling price - Adjusted cost base = $36,000 - ($22.83 × 1200)= $36,000 - $27,396 = $8,604
Therefore, the taxable capital gain on the sale of Samuel's shares is $8,604.
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Which of the following is the best statement about the environment in which operations management functions?a. most organizations do not need to worry about competitionb. world-wide competition is not significant for most companiesc. government regulation is not important for companiesd. customers are more demandinge. none of the above is true
None of the above statements (a-e) can be considered true in the context of the environment in which operations management functions. Hence option E is correct.
In today's globalized and interconnected business landscape, organizations across various industries face intense competition from both domestic and international players. The rise of technology and digitalization has facilitated global trade, making world-wide competition highly significant for most companies, regardless of their size or industry.
Moreover, government regulation plays a crucial role in shaping the operating environment for businesses. Regulations vary across jurisdictions and can impact areas such as labor practices, environmental sustainability, safety standards, and product quality. Companies must comply with these regulations to avoid legal consequences and maintain ethical and sustainable practices.
Furthermore, customers in today's market have become increasingly demanding. With greater access to information, they have higher expectations for product quality, customization, responsiveness, and overall customer experience. Meeting customer demands and providing exceptional service has become a critical aspect of operations management.
Therefore, it is evident that none of the statements a-e accurately reflect the reality of the environment in which operations management functions. Businesses must consider competition, global dynamics, government regulations, and evolving customer expectations to effectively manage their operations and achieve success in the modern business landscape.
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Commercial loans typically have a fixed rate of interest as compared to residential loans.
b. Commercial loans typically require a lower down payment that residential loans.
c. Commercial loans typically focus on the property’s ability of generating income before the borrower’s ability of repaying the loan.
d. Commercial and residential loans do not have different underwriting / loan decision requirements.
6. If you borrowed $500,000 and you owed $400,000 when the loan came due after 5 years, you would have obtained a(n) _________________.
a. fully amortized loan.
b. interest only loan.
c. partially amortized loan.
d. negative amortization loan.
Commercial loans and residential loans are both type of loans but they have some differences in terms of their interest rate, down payment, and requirements. In commercial loans, the focus is on the property's ability to generate income before the borrower's ability of repaying the loan.
Commercial loans typically have a fixed rate of interest as compared to residential loans. They typically require a higher down payment that residential loans. On the other hand, residential loans typically have a lower rate of interest as compared to commercial loans. They typically require a lower down payment that commercial loans.
Commercial and residential loans do have different underwriting/loan decision requirements. The underwriting/loan decision requirements for commercial loans are typically more stringent and complex than for residential loans.
If you borrowed $500,000 and you owed $400,000 when the loan came due after 5 years, you would have obtained a partially amortized loan. A partially amortized loan is a loan in which the payments made by the borrower are not sufficient to pay off the entire principal of the loan over the term of the loan.
In a partially amortized loan, the borrower typically makes regular payments of interest and principal, but at the end of the term of the loan, there is still an outstanding balance of principal that must be paid.
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write one page about how you will improve employee's or
subordinates performance through motivation?
A positive work environment that promotes teamwork and collaboration is also critical. By implementing these strategies, an organization can enhance employee motivation, resulting in increased productivity, job satisfaction, and ultimately, organizational success.
Motivation is an essential aspect that plays an essential role in enhancing employee performance. There are various ways in which an individual can improve the performance of subordinates or employees. To start with, setting specific goals for employees to achieve is essential.
Moreover, recognizing employees' contributions to the organization can increase motivation. For instance, acknowledging employees' efforts through public recognition can improve their morale and motivate them to put in more effort. Additionally, providing feedback can motivate employees and provide a clear understanding of what they need to improve on.
Furthermore, providing career growth opportunities can motivate employees to work harder. Employees tend to feel motivated when they know they have opportunities for professional growth and development. This can be achieved by developing a workplace culture that emphasizes respect, collaboration, and teamwork.
improving employee performance through motivation requires setting clear goals, providing incentives, acknowledging employee contributions, providing feedback, and offering career growth opportunities.
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why must an employer implement an exposure control plan? a. to reduce their malpractice insurance premiums b. to ensure that the employer does not receive penalties for not doing so c. to ensure proper employee protection measures d. to make sure all employees are trained on hipaa guidelines
The reason an employer implement an exposure control plan is: c. to ensure proper employee protection measures .
What is exposure control plan?Employers develop an exposure control strategy to safeguard workers from potential workplace exposures to dangers like chemicals, infectious materials, or bloodborne infections.
Employers can uphold their moral and legal duties to create a secure workplace for their workers avoid workplace accidents or illnesses, and guarantee adherence to occupational health and safety laws by developing an exposure management strategy.
Therefore the correct option is C.
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You own a factory that hand-manufactures clay pots and molcajetes*. 8oth use the same amount of material, but the clay pot requires 2 labor hours to produce, while the mokajete requires only 1 hour. The clay pot. sells for $50 and has variable costs of $38. The molcajete sells for $35 and has wanable costs of $25, You're only able to employ workers for 2,000 total hours permonth. 1 What is the unit of conctroined resource in this scenario, and how much coetribution margin does each product provide per unit of constrained resource? 2. How many of each unit should this factory produce permonth if there are no demand constraints? 3 . If demand is limited to 1,500 of each type, how mamy of each type should be produced per month?
1. The total available labour hours, which are restricted to 2,000 hours per month, serve as the unit of constrained resource in this scenario.
By dividing the contribution margin of each product by the number of labour hours necessary to make that product, it is possible to determine the contribution margin per unit of constrained resource.The clay pot:
Selling price minus variable costs equals contribution margin per unit.= $50 - $38 = $12Contribution margin per unit of constrained resource equals contribution margin per unit / labour hours necessary, which is $12 divided by 2 hours, or $6 per labour hour.For the molecular jug:
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osemite Bike Corp. manufactures mountain bikes and distributes them through retail outlets in California, Oregon, and Washington. Yosemite Bike Corp. has declared the following annual dividends over a six-year period ended December 31 of each year: 2009, $24,000; 2010, $10,000; 2011, $126,000; 2012, $100,000; 2013, $125,000; and 2014, $125,000. During the entire period, the outstanding stock of the company was composed of 25,000 shares of cumulative preferred 2% stock, $90 par, and 100,000 shares of common stock, $4 par.
Required:
1. Determine the total dividends and the per-share dividends declared on each class of stock for each of the six years. There were no dividends in arrears on January 1, 2009. Summarize the data in tabular form. If required, round your answers to two decimal places. If the amount is zero, please enter "0".
Preferred Dividends Common Dividends
Year Total
Dividends Total Per Share Total Per Share
2009 $24,000 $
$
$
$
2010 10,000 2011 126,000 2012 100,000 2013 125,000 2014 125,000 $
$
2. Determine the average annual dividend per share for each class of stock for the six year period. Round your answers to two decimal places.
Average annual dividend for preferred stock $
per share
Average annual dividend for common stock $
per share
3. Assuming a market price of $100 for the preferred stock and $5 for the common stock, calculate the average annual percentage return on initial shareholders' investment, based on the average annual dividend per share (a) for preferred stock and (b) for common stock. Round your answers to one decimal place.
Preferred stock %
Common stock %
The average annual percentage return on the initial shareholders' investment for the preferred stock is 10.8%, and for the common stock, it is 102%.
1. To determine the total dividends and the per-share dividends declared on each class of stock for each of the six years, we need to calculate the dividends for both the preferred stock and the common stock.
Let's start with the preferred stock. The preferred stock has a 2% dividend rate and a par value of $90. We have 25,000 shares of preferred stock outstanding.
For the year 2009, the total dividends declared on the preferred stock would be:
Total dividends = Number of shares * Dividend rate * Par value
Total dividends = 25,000 * 0.02 * $90 = $45,000
Now let's calculate the per-share dividends:
Per-share dividends = Total dividends / Number of shares
Per-share dividends = $45,000 / 25,000 = $1.80
Following the same steps for the remaining years, we get the following results:
Preferred Dividends Common Dividends
Year Total Dividends Total Per Share Total Per Share
2009 $45,000 - $24,000 $0.24
2010 $45,000 - $10,000 $0.10
2011 $45,000 - $126,000 $1.26
2012 $45,000 - $100,000 $1.00
2013 $45,000 - $125,000 $1.25
2014 $45,000 - $125,000 $1.25
2. To determine the average annual dividend per share for each class of stock for the six-year period, we need to sum up the total dividends for each class of stock over the six years and divide by the total number of shares for that class.
For the preferred stock:
Total dividends for the six-year period = $45,000 * 6 = $270,000
Average annual dividend per share for preferred stock = Total dividends for the six-year period / Number of preferred shares
Average annual dividend per share for preferred stock = $270,000 / 25,000 = $10.80
For the common stock:
Total dividends for the six-year period = $24,000 + $10,000 + $126,000 + $100,000 + $125,000 + $125,000 = $510,000
Average annual dividend per share for common stock = Total dividends for the six-year period / Number of common shares
Average annual dividend per share for common stock = $510,000 / 100,000 = $5.10
Therefore, the average annual dividend per share for the preferred stock is $10.80, and for the common stock, it is $5.10.
3. To calculate the average annual percentage return on the initial shareholders' investment for both the preferred stock and the common stock, we need to divide the average annual dividend per share by the market price per share and then multiply by 100 to get the percentage.
For the preferred stock:
Market price = $100
Average annual percentage return on preferred stock = (Average annual dividend per share for preferred stock / Market price) * 100
Average annual percentage return on preferred stock = ($10.80 / $100) * 100 = 10.8%
For the common stock:
Market price = $5
Average annual percentage return on common stock = (Average annual dividend per share for common stock / Market price) * 100
Average annual percentage return on common stock = ($5.10 / $5) * 100 = 102%
Therefore, the average annual percentage return on the initial shareholders' investment for the preferred stock is 10.8%, and for the common stock, it is 102%.
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