Which of the following is true of household chores?


The chores are now split relatively equally.

Women do more cooking while men do more cleaning.

Women do more chores if they choose to stay home with children.

Women do more chores regardless of whether they work outside the home.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Women do more chores if they choose to stay home with children.

Explanation:

Answer 2

Women do more chores regardless of whether they work outside the home. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

What are household chores?

Household chores are duties that must be performed on a regular basis at home, such as cleaning, washing, and ironing.

Women are the main decision-makers in 62% of households when it comes to interior design. Women are also considerably more likely than their husbands to care for children on a daily basis, shop for groceries, and do the dishes, even though there is more equality in some of the other chores.

When kids are given responsibilities around the house, they feel more like valued members of the family and develop a sense of ownership. Children enjoy feeling significant, which contributes to the development of their self-esteem.

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Related Questions

health education helps top maintain healthy life by protecting disease​

Answers

Yes for sure but not in a way of top healthy life. Even if you had an health education, still with influences you might changed.

smooth,calm,and fluid movements

Answers

what this?

Explanation:

Describe how a persons metabolism can affect vital signs

Answers

Answer:

An elevation in the patient's temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. When an increase in metabolism occurs, what happens to the patient's vital signs? ... Blood is flowing easily, and the sound changes to a soft tapping. The sound becomes distinctly muffled and fainter.

Explanation:

A person's metabolism can affect numerous vital signs such as body temperature, blood pressure, rate of respiration, pulse rate, heart rate, etc. This is because the process of metabolism consistently provides energy for essential body functions.

What do you mean by Metabolism?

Metabolism may be defined as the set of chemical reactions that are accomplished inside the body of living organisms in order to maintain and survival of the individual. These chemical reactions make energy and the materials cells and organisms require to grow, reproduce, and stay healthy.

The body temperature may be increased when the rate of metabolism increases. Apart from this sign, several numerous vital signs like pulse rate, respiration rate, heart rate, BMR, blood pressure, etc. may easily be observed. It induces direct effects on the entire body including digestion and respiration.

Therefore, due to the delivery of energy for essential body functions, metabolism can affect vital signs.

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The two ways in which epithelial cells are classified

Answers

Answer:

Epithelial cells are also classified by their shape: Squamous – may be simple or stratified. Cuboidal – may be simple or stratified. Columnar – may be simple or stratified.

Explanation:

Distinguish between different kinds of cardiorespiratory fitness assessments and explain why different tests provide different information about fitness levels.

Answers

Answer:

because of the food we consume on daily bases

Answer:

Different tests examine different musclues so some may be stronger than others and provide different data about your fitness levels. Hope that helps! :)

Explanation:

Why is it a good idea to wait at least an hour between eating and exercising?

A.
Exercising after eating may cause dizziness and fatigue.

B.
Exercising after eating will make you hungry again as soon as you finish working out.

C.
Exercising after eating can compromise oxygen and nutrient delivery to muscles.

D.
Exercising after eating diverts the blood away from the heart.

Answers

Answer:

Its C

Explanation:

I just did it on Ap-ex

it is a good idea to wait at least an hour between eating and exercising - C. Exercising after eating can compromise oxygen and nutrient delivery to muscles.

Digestion

is the process of breaking down food into nutrients essential for the energy and growth of the body.

It requires time to digest the food as it needs energy and increased blood flow to the stomachexercise is also similar to the process of digestion and requires energy and nutrients so the body delivers it to muscle.

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CJ is a 16-year-old high school student who is in the clinic for a sports physical prior to beginning basketball practice. He has no known significant medical history, takes no medications, and has no allergies. Subjective data reveal only that CJ is short of breath earlier than most boys on the team. He attributes this to needing to get into better physical condition. The physical is unremarkable except for a grade III systolic murmur heard over the entire precordium. An echocardiogram and cardiac catheterization reveal a ventricular septal defect (VSD) with moderate pulmonary hypertension.
Discussion Questions:
1. A VSD is usually an acyanotic defect. Why is this?
2. What is the mechanism of pulmonary hypertension? What may result if it is prolonged?
3. What other disorders besides VSD can produce a systolic murmur? How can character of the murmur and pattern of radiation be used to differentiate among the etiologic factors?
4. Is it necessary to close a VSD? What are the common complications of untreated VSD?

Answers

VSD known as ventricular septal defect is a heart condition that caused by trauma, surgery or a heart attack in adults or it's congenital (present at birth). It is characterised by an abnormal connection or hole between the lower chambers of the heart.

A VSD is usually an acyanotic defect. Why is this?

Ventricular septal defect is usually an acyanotic defect or a non-cyanotic heart defect because in it,the level of oxygen in the body is not affected, in VSD blood is shunted that's is blood flows from the left side of the heart to the right side of the heart.

This is most often as a result of a structural defect, a hole in the intraventricular septum.

What is the mechanism of pulmonary hypertension? What may result if it is prolonged?

When there is undue or excessive stress on the heart especially the heart muscles,the pulmonary arteries also gain high pressure and this high pressure results in an acute injury to the capillary walls of the alveolar and subsequent resulting to edema.

When it is prolonged, it can cause the thickening of the thickening of the walls of the alveolar capillary membrane irreversibly and thereby compromising the function of the lungs.

What other disorders besides VSD can produce a systolic murmur? How can character of the murmur and pattern of radiation be used to differentiate among the etiologic factors?

Other disorders beside VSD that can produce a systolic murmur are;

Pulmonary infundibular stenosis,tetralogy of Fallot, atrial septal defect, valvular pulmonary stenosis,aortic sclerosis, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, supravalvular aortic stenosis.

The character of the murmur can be used to differentiate among the etiologic factors by taking into consideration whether the heart murmur is functional/physiologic(primarily due to a physiologic condition outside the heart),murmurs due to structural defect in the heart itself,the functional murmurs which are benign,pathologic murmurs are as a result of a problems within the heart like abnormal passages or leaking of valves, systolic or diastolic murmur is as a result bif the timing of the murmur(the part of the heartbeat they are heard from).

Is it necessary to close a VSD? What are the common complications of untreated VSD?

Small ventricular septal defect may close on their own as they are likely to cause no problem, however, medium or large ventricular septal defect may pose a problem and therefore will require a surgical intervention/repair early enough inorder to prevent complications.

Some of the common complications of ventricular septal defect are;

Heart valve problem,poor growth and development,lung problems, irregular heart rhythms(arrhythmias), heart failure, pulmonary hypertension,lung damage.

Which of the following individuals are likely to qualify for a special enrollment period (SEP) for either a MA and/or Part D due to a change of residence?
I. Edward (enrolled in MA and Part D) moves to a new home within the same neighborhood in his existing plan’s service area.
II. Fiona (enrolled in MA and Part D) moves cross-country to an area outside her existing plan’s service area.
III. Gilbert moves into a plan service area where there is now a Part D plan available to him from a service area where no Part D plan was available.
IV. Henry makes a permanent move to a new state providing him with new MA and Part D options.

CHOICES:
a. II and III only
b. I and II only
c. II, III, and IV only

Answers

Answer:  the answer is II, III and IV....

Explanation:

Answer:

II

III

IV

Explanation:

Finn has always cared a lot about the environment and tries to lead a very
environmentally-friendly lifestyle. Rather than simply throwing away all of the food
scraps that he produces, he prefers to turn these grimy, sloppy food scraps into rich,
fertile soil. What is this process known as?

Answers

Answer:

This process is known as Composting.

Explanation:

15. NAME 4 REASONS WHY A 'WIN-WIN' SITUATION IS A GOOD THING

Answers

Answer:

1. Both sides end up winning

2.Win-lose situations cause turmoil and hard feelings

3.The relationship will change with a win-lose situation, and sometimes not for the better

4.With win-win situations, both sides can explore a variety of options

5.You want to avoid lose-lose situations

Explanation:

one apple a day keeps the doctor away

if you work out you will stay healthy.

LOL

Answers

yes, indeed correct:)

I haven’t at a apple in a little while and I’m doing great that’s a myth

Why is acclimatization important

Answers

Answer:

Acclimatization is important in keeping your workforce safe and well as temperatures rise.

Over time, scientist provide plenty of evidence to support the hypothesis About the cell theory . What instrument enabled them to provide this evidence?

Answers

Answer:

Microscope

Explanation:

The first microscopes enabled scientists to closely visualise the structure of different organisms and tissues.

This led them to discover that all organisms are made up of one or more cells, and that the cell is the unit of life.

The microscope was necessary to provide visual confirmation that cells exist as single units.

Why is it so important to know how to dribble a soccer ball with control?​

Answers

Answer: because the more control you have over the ball the better off you will be and it makes passing easier

Claudia is hiking alone. She is in an area with no phone service. As she is
crossing a small stream, Claudia slips and twists her ankle. What could Claudia
have done to be safer?

Answers

Answer:

She could've worn better shoes or watches where she walks she could have also tried to find dry spots to go through or to find a skinny enough spot to be able to cross the steam without getting in the stream.

Explanation:

Assuming that Mark lost around 4 liters of
water, what percentage of his body water did
he lose? Would you expect his urinary
volume to decrease or increase during his
trek? Please explain your answer.

Help me please!

Answers

Lost in the Desert!
This case study was about a 35 year old man who suffered from a heat stroke because he was lost in a desert on a 105° F day. The man was delirious, weak, nauseous, and had a very high body temperature. He also suffered from first degree burns on his face and back. This case study relates to homeostasis because his body went back to homeostasis eventually after he was rehydrated and recovered in the hospital.

Case Study Questions:
1. Define the terms in the case study highlighted in boldface.
heat stroke - A condition marked by fever and often by unconsciousness, caused by failure of the body's temperature-regulating mechanism when exposed to excessively high temperatures.
first degree burns - Burns that affect only the outer layer of the skin. They cause pain, redness, and swelling.
electrolytes - A liquid or gel that contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis.
glucose - A simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.
melanin - A dark brown to black pigment occurring in the hair, skin, and iris of the eye in people and animals. It is responsible for tanning of skin exposed to sunlight.
2. Assuming that Mark lost around 4 liters of water, what percentage of his body water did he lose? Would you expect his urinary volume to decrease or increase during his trek? Please explain
your answer.
Mark lost around 10% of his body water. His urinary volume would decrease because his body is trying to retain water, although he is already dehydrated.
3.Why was Mark’s blood pressure so low? Would his pulse rate decrease or increase? Please explain. Why was Mark dizzy and disoriented?
His blood pressure was low because he was dehydrated. His pulse would increase because his body is trying harder to remain cool. He was dizzy and disoriented because his blood pressure was very low.
4. Assume that Mark had an unopened six-pack of beer in his car. Would it have been a good idea for Mark to bring the beer along in case he got thirsty? Why or why not?
It wouldn't have been a good idea because the beer would have made him urinate more, which would make him lose even more of his body's water.
5. What vitamin would Mark have in greater amounts in his body after that day?
Vitamin D because he was exposed more to sunlight.
6. What did Mark do that increased his chance of burns?
He took off his shirt and hat, so his skin was exposed to sunlight.
7. Why would Mark’s skin have looked red within the first few hours of his adventure rather than edness developing hours and days later as a result of “sunburn?"
His body would have responded by increasing his blood flow to start the healing process.

What is the best approach to prevent the spread of a bacterial infection?

Wash hands with soap for at least 20 seconds.
Wash hands with water only.
Handle food without washing your hands.
Wash hands with soap for five seconds.

Answers

Answer:

frist option for 20 seconds

Explanation:

because it is the longest time ensuring that most bacteria will be gone and also the CDC recommends washing for 20 seconds.

The best approach to prevent the spread of a bacterial infection is to wash hands with soap for at least 20 seconds.Thus, option A is correct.

What is bacterial infection?

Bacterial infection is defined as an infection occurs when bacteria enter the body, multiplies in number, and cause reaction in the body.

The site of entrance of bacteria in body is through open cut or a wound or through airway and cause infection.

The most effective way to prevent the spread of a bacterial infection is to wash hand properly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds before having meal .

The ways through which one can prevent  bacterial disease:

Cover your face with handkerchief while sneezing and coughing.Bandage cuts and wounds properly.

Therefore,The best approach to prevent the spread of a bacterial infection is to wash hands with soap for at least 20 seconds.Thus, option A is correct.

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Mr. Roberson, age 42, is diagnosed with essential hypertension. His blood pressure has been ranging between 150 and 184 mm Hg systolic and 94 and 110 mm Hg diastolic. His average blood pressure is 154/94 mm Hg. There is a positive family history of hypertension and stroke on both sides of the family. He is married, with two school-age children, and works full-time as a local truck driver for a seafood company. His elevated blood pressure was found during a routine physical examination. He has no other symptoms. Mr. Roberson is to begin taking atenolol, 50 mg daily, and hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg daily.

Required:
a. How do each of these drugs work to control blood pressure?
b. Why are both drugs prescribed at this time?
c. What patient teaching is important with these medications? (Include teaching about potential adverse effects.)

Answers

Answer:

a. Atenolol is a beta-blocker, while Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic.  

b. Atenolol and Hydrochlorothiazide can be used together to decrease the blood pressure and to slow the heart rate down.

c. The patient needs to have into consideration that both medications may cause irregular heartbeats, dizziness, weakness and fainting.

Explanation:

Atenolol is a beta-blocker, it means that this drug slows down the heart rate by changing how the body responds to nerve impulses, which enhances the pumping of blood. Moreover, Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic or 'water pills' drug that can be used to treat edema conditions (i.e., excess fluid in tissues), thereby enhancing blood pressure that can damage the heart. It has been shown that the combination of both drugs may decrease the blood pressure and the incidence of hypertension.

kinds of solid waste example ways of disosal

Answers

Answer:

I do not understand that

i don’t exactly understand. i feel like i need more instruction.

Write a short speech to present to an elementary class explaining to them the importance of proper nutrition. Provide information about why nutrition is important for the whole body, including ways that nutrients are transported.

Answers

Answer:

Nutrition is a great thing that everyone needs, it can help get strong and can give you energy. when you eat the right amount of nutrition with a healthy body weight you can achieve so much, like running riding your bike, or just playing and having fun. And do you know how nutrition works in the body? Well it starts with the blood circulatory system which delivers the nutrition around your body, this means it goes to your heart and the blood vessels running around in your heart. and remember that nutrition is an important part of life that keeps you being you, so stay healthy!

Explanation:

I hope his works if not I'm sorry, and I wish you the best.

Which of the following drugs must be refrigerated after being reconstituted?
Clarithromycin
Augmentin
Amoxicillin
Bactrim

Answers

Answer:

Amoxicillin

Explanation:

Amoxicillin should be refrigerated after 5 days

Can someone please help me ASAP

Answers

Answer:

100 calories ofc! if you see under the amount per serving, it's written 100 calories (per one serving of cookies)

100 calories. It says it there

3. How can you connect the shoulder and back muscles to muscular endurance?
Think about the definition above and how might you make a goal for your
shoulders or back that fits the muscular endurance component of fitness?

Answers

Five Health Related Fitness Components: The following are lifelong fitness components necessary to ensure the body can perform normal daily tasks.
1. Cardiovascular Endurance: the ability of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs to supply oxygen to the working muscles. Cardiovascular endurance can be tested by completing the mile run, 1.5 mile run, step test, PACER, 12 minute cycle, or the 12 minute swim.
2. Muscular Strength: the ability of the muscles to exert a force. The maximum amount of force that a muscle can generate in a single effort. Muscular strength in the upper body is tested by the maximum bench press and the lower body by the maximum leg press.
3. Muscular Endurance: the ability to efficiently use muscles over a longer period of time. The ability of a muscle to repeatedly contract or sustain continuous contraction involving less than maximum force. Muscular endurance can be tested by performing the one minute sit-up test or push-up test.
4. Flexibility: the ability to move at the joints through a full range of motion. The range of motion through which the body’s joints are able to move. Flexibility is evaluated with a sit and reach test, arm and shoulder flexibility test, and prone trunk test.
5. Body Composition: the amount of body weight that is fat compared to muscle, bones, and other body tissues. Body fat percentage can be estimated by four different testing protocols: skinfolds, hydrostatic weighing, bioimpedence analysis, and BMI (Body Mass Index).

Skill Related Fitness Components: The following components are related to sport/athletic performance and they can be argued to be improved by one’s training (inherent to or improved by training).
1. Speed: also referred to as movement time, the ability to move the body or parts of it very quickly. (40 yd. Dash/20 yd. Dash)
2. Power: the ability to exert muscular strength quickly, strength and speed combined.(standing long jump, vertical jump)
3. Agility: the ability to start, stop and change direction quickly and with precision. (shuttle run, jingle jangle, 3 cone drill)
4. Balance: the ability to maintain a certain posture or to move without falling. (balance beam activities)
a. Static balance: maintain equilibrium in a stationary position.
b. Dynamic balance: maintain equilibrium when moving the body.
5. Reaction Time: also referred to as quickness, the period from when a stimulus is perceived to when movement begins. (starting a race, tennis ball drop)
6. Coordination: the ability to use your senses together with your body parts; ability to use two or more body parts at the same time (hitting a tennis ball, hand-eye coordination/timing)
Cardiovascular Endurance
Cardiovascular endurance is the ability of the heart, lungs, and circulatory system to supply oxygen and nutrients to working muscles efficiently. It allows activities that involve large muscle groups (walking, running, swimming, biking, etc.) to be performed over long periods of time. From a health standpoint, cardiovascular or aerobic fitness is generally considered to be the most important of the fitness components.
Benefits of Cardiovascular exercise activities
 Reduce your risk of heart disease
 Stronger and more efficient heart (increase stroke volume)
 Lower heart rate at rest, during exercise and recovery
 Lower blood pressure at rest, during exercise, and recovery
 Lower cholesterol (lower total, raise HDL)
 Improved body composition, burn fat
 Help you look and feel better
 Improved ability to perform work, faster recovery
 Maintenance of a healthy heart and cardiovascular system
 Increase circulation and improve performance of your heart and lungs.

hi this 100 reason to live life


Sunrises
Sunsets
The smell of the burning wood
Looking for the shooting stars
Soap bubbles
Rainy days while you are at home
Your favourite song on the radio while you are driving
Peeing when you really had to go
Avocados
Music on vinyls
Bubble wrap
The crackling sound of a fireplace
Cute puppies
Yoga
Reading a good book
Travelling
Getting your favourite flowers
Real old school paper letters
Indie rock
Paper bags
Chocolate
Staring out of the window while traveling
Hammocks
Your friends
Getting new good friends
Finding animal shapes in the clouds
Walking bare-feet in the sand
Comic books
Kissing a person you have been wanting to kiss
Learning new things
Doodling
Singing in the shower
Mushroom picking
Touching plants
Licking melted ice cream
Stone skipping
Making paper planes
Warm street wine in the wintertime
An unexpected message from a long forgotten person
A glass of water when you are very thirsty
Your favourite sweater
Sneezing
Getting toe rubs
A compliment from a stranger
Finding an object from your childhood
Getting a 2 for 1 deal
Polaroid pictures
Beating a computer at chess
Not knowing how to bake a quiche and suddenly nailing it
Learning one tune on the piano
The smell of freshly cut grass
PIZZA
Aperol Spritzes in the summer
Feeling warm breeze
Watching your favourite show before going to sleep
Landing in a new country
Drinking on the beach
Jazz music
Sleeping in clean sheets
Dress-up costume party when you’ve got the perfect costume
Winning the lottery
Rollercoasters
Swimming with fins and pretending you are a super hero
Being in an old castle which has rumours to be haunted
Sunbathing in the morning
Getting a haircut which really suits you
Hitting a paper ball precisely in the bin
Wiping dust of your computer screen
Getting the best seat in the cinema
Being the exact amount of drunk to enjoy karaoke
Marshmallows on fire
Beatnik poetry
Going home to your childhood home for some pancakes or any other type of favourite childhood food
Getting the USB stick in correctly with the first attempt
People’s eyes
Scented candles
A tax return in your favour
Friday nights
Peeing when you really had to go
Listening to your favourite band at a music festival
Well-visible rainbows
Knowing your movie trivia
Rocking chairs
Warm socks in the winter
A true snuggle from your lover
Solving Rubik’s Cube
Catching that train you thought you were gonna miss
Cricket sound on a warm night
Skinny dipping
Doing the thing you have been afraid to do
Stand-up comedy
Picnics
Sleek design
The smell of fresh coffee in the morning
The sound of a crispy toast breaking
Finding the strength to say “no” when you should say “no”
Working out and seeing the effect
Staying in bed a little longer on a Saturday
An occasional cigarette when you really want it
Creating. 100 points for living

Answers

I love this!!! I hope you have an amazing day:)))

PLEASE HELP MEE I NEED ANSWER ASAP I REALLY NEED HELP


18. HOW IS 'NEGOTIATION' RELATED TO HAVING TO 'COLLABORATE' WITH SOMEONE IN CONFLICT?

Answers

You can be disagreeing with someone and it can lead to negotiation.

You can negotiate and it can lead to a disagreement.

Conflict; to disagree with someone.

Negotiation; discussion aimed at reaching an agreement.

How can you encourage each other to continue to practice proper hygiene?

Answers

Answer:

you can tell them they might get sick or get a virus(corona) if they do not wash their hands frequently and not keep their immune system strong.

Explanation:

Washing yourself and staying clean can kill and remove illness-causing bacteria from your body, lowering the risk for disease. Good hygiene is key to preventing infection when wounds and skin irritation are present.

The digestive system (A-D) answer all questions

Answers

Answer:

A1.) a liquid (b)

A2.) liver (a)

A3.) proteins (a)

A4.) blood vessels (b)

B1.) true

B2.)false

B3.) true

C1.)mouth

C2.)stomach

C3.) Small intestine

C4.) Large intestine

D1.) They get absorbed in the small intestines through the supply of blood vessels and gets transported to the cells.

D2.)  It goes to the large intestines to then be exited through the body as waste product.

D3.) To detoxify and to store sugar.

Explanation:

Which of the following statements about physical fitness is TRUE?
A.
Physical fitness is a continuous, changing state.
B.
Physical fitness is influenced by many factors.
C.
Physical fitness is individualized to each person.
D.
all of the above


Please select the best answer from the choices provided.

A
B
C
D

Answers

The answer to your question is D.
The answer is D it just makes sense

Mrs. Debbie Morgan is a 45-year-old female who works as a stocking clerk for a local home improvement store. While she was at work today a large box of metal rivets fell from a 20-ft.-high overhead shelf, striking her outstretched arm and knocking her to the ground. The ambulance personnel reported that she had lost quite a bit of blood at the accident scene and was "knocked out" when they arrived. To minimize further hemorrhage, the paramedics applied a pressure bandage to her arm.

You meet the paramedics as they bring Mrs. Morgan into the emergency room and begin to assess her for injuries. She is awake and alert, but complaining of severe left arm and back pain, plus she has a "killer headache." To fully examine her injuries you remove four blood-soaked bandages from her arm. You notice a large open wound on her arm with what appears to be bone tissue sticking out of the skin She also has bruises covering her left shoulder, left wrist, and lower back. To determine the extent of her injuries Mrs. Morgan undergoes several x-rays, which reveal the following: 1) fracture of the left humerus at the proximal diaphysis 2) depressed fracture of the occipital bone, 3) fracture of the 3rd lumbar vertebral body.

Define the following terms, used in the case and also in associated questions.

a. hemorrhage
b. fracture
c. proximal
d. diaphysis

Answers

Answer:

Find the definitions below.

Explanation:

1. Hemorrhage is known in lay terms as bleeding. It is the flow or loss of blood that is caused because a blood vessel was ruptured.

2. Fracture is the breakage of a bone. It could be minor or severe when the bone is completely broken. When something with a great force hits the bone, it can result in a fracture.

3. Proximal is something that is close to a central point or the point where two or more bones (in this case) are attached.

4. Diaphysis is the main area of a long bone. It encompasses the mid and central regions. The two main ends (proximal and distal) do not belong to the diaphysis.

What is the meaning of “modern sexuality discourse” ?

Answers

Explanation:

In the waning years of the 19th century, Austrian psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebbing wrote in his Textbook of Insanity that

[Sexual] anomalies are very important elementary disturbances, since upon the nature of sexual sensibility the mental individuality in greater part depends; especially does it affect ethic, aesthetic, and social feeling and action.

Krafft-Ebbing thus expressed a new understanding: our sexual desires were no longer solely natural expressions of the body, certainly not wicked agents of the devil. Instead, they became basic pillars of our personality ¬ that is, of modern human individuality.

In discussing "The Body and Sexuality in the New Religious Zionist Discourse" it must be remembered, therefore, that sexuality itself is a modern category, which became popular in 19th-century Europe, when it became a definition not only for practices but also of personality. Accordingly, the term "sexuality" was now given various prefixes like "hetero-," "homo-," "auto-". Nowadays it is important to look at the broad scope of the literature intended to help bring about improvement in our sexual lives, a literature that started to become widely available in the 1960s. If our sexual pleasure is such a central part of ourselves, improving it, as a central part of our self-improvement project, seems also to be obvious.

The new book by Prof. Avi Sagi and Dr. Yakir Englander is very aware of this historical background, and it tries to focus upon and characterize the current historical moment experienced by the religious Zionist public. It is successful in doing so on a number of l it provides important reference points for any future discussion on the subject.

As a field of research, Sagi and Englander have focused on the discourse in terms of Halakhah (traditional religious law), especially as it appears on responsa sites on the Internet. This is a public discourse by its very nature, as its rulings are presumed to reach every observer of rabbinical law and to shape their conduct. Thus they are also intended to create a homogenous "public" of a God-fearing community.

The authors have chosen to examine various models in which it is possible to find direct conflicts between the modern and the halakhic perceptions of sexuality. They have specifically examined the issues of male and female masturbation and homosexuality. The analysis they propose vis-a-vis the discourse in Halakha concerning the prohibition of male masturbation is fascinating.

the book coverThe authors bring evidence that the responsa are no longer truly halakhic in nature and have instead taken on the character of "pastoral counseling" – i.e., of spiritual guidance intended to shepherd individuals from the flock of the devout toward inner repair and spiritual perfection. This is an entirely different genre of dialogue, as the rabbi here comes across not as an arbiter of Halakha, but rather as a guide to the inner psyche, who offers an ethical path, the purpose of which is redemption of the soul.

While in premodern times it was possible to find within Halakha a formal discourse that ruled in accordance with an interpretation of tradition, the authors find that today the invocation of Halakha is marginal, and that most discussion of the question of male masturbation is in the realm of values and ethics. Thus, for example, rabbis endeavor to console the questioner who has failed and sinned, to strengthen his spirit,

imbue him with motivation to overcome his urges and present him with the choice between courageous resistance to Western trends and loyalty to what they perceive as "the tradition of ancestral Israel" which commands abstinence from self-pleasure.

The rabbi presents himself as a meta-figure with respect to Halakha, speaking in the name of a Jewish metaphysic that is not formulated with traditional tools, but rather is assumed to be in "the spirit of Halakha." He is no longer an arbiter of the legal canon, but rather a spiritual guide who knows the true path to redemption of the soul. The sinner’s confession, which is central to this discourse, is answered by rabbinical counsel, and the point to which the discourse relates shifts from the forbidden deed (masturbation), to forbidden passion and forbidden emotion (sexual craving, despair).

In so doing, the rabbis of religious Zionism, Sagi and Englander stress, are accepting the assumptions behind modern individuality. They espouse spiritual guidance that is aimed first and foremost not at maintaining divine law, but rather at redemption of the self, rectification and achievement of personal perfection and satisfaction. Accordingly, modern "sexuality" discourse

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