Option B is correct which is Measurements of fossilized tree rings from the Cretaceous period is a paleoclimate proxy.
The study of past climates ("paleoclimatology"), climate proxies are preserved physical characteristics of the past that stand in for direct meteorological measurements and enable scientists to reconstruct the climatic conditions over a longer fraction of the Earth's history. Reliable global records of climate only began in the 1880s, and proxies provide the only means for scientists to determine climatic patterns before record-keeping began.
A large number of climate proxies have been studied from a variety of geologic contexts. Examples of proxies include stable isotope measurements from ice cores, growth rates in tree rings, species composition of sub-fossil pollen in lake sediment or foraminifera in ocean sediments, temperature profiles of boreholes, and stable isotopes and mineralogy of corals and carbonate speleothems.
Proxies can be combined to produce temperature reconstructions longer than the instrumental temperature record and can inform discussions of global warming and climate history. The geographic distribution of proxy records, just like the instrumental record, is not at all uniform, with more records in the northern hemisphere.[3]
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Select the single best answer: Which of the following additions will result in decrease in the pH of the solution? Adding ammonium nitrate to an ammonia solution. Adding potassium chloride to hydrochloric acid solution: Adding sodium formate to formic acid solution
Adding ammonium nitrate to an ammonia solution will result in a decrease in the pH of the solution.
Ammonia is a basic compound. In aqueous solution, the lone pair on the nitrogen atom is able to capture a proton, forming the ammonium ion. Ammonium is the conjugate acid of ammonia, and is slightly acidic. Adding ammonium to a solution of ammonia will lower the pH, since the ammonium is acidic.
The HCl and KCl in the system are there to increase the solution's ionic strength, which results in increased pH value.
The sodium formate solution adds sodium ions and formate ions. This disturbs the formic acid equilibrium, driving it towards reactants. This removes some hydronium ion from solution, increasing the pH.
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An aqueous solution of an unknown solute is tested with litmus paper and found to be basic. The solution is weakly conducting compared with a solution of NaCl of the same concentration. Which of the following substances could the unknown be:NaOHCH3COCH3NH3H3PO3HNO3
H₃PO₃ could be the unknown substance.
NaOH and NH₃are all basic; so, they must not be the unknown solute since the solution is acidic.
CH₃COCH₃ is a nonelectrolyte, which means it does not dissociate into ions when it dissolves in water. Acetone must not be the unknown since the solution is weakly conducted.
The two remaining candidates, HNO₃ and H₃PO₃ are both acids. The unknown solution does not conduct electricity as well as a solution of NaCl of the same concentration, which means that the unknown acid must not dissociate to the same extent as NaCl. Both NaCl and HNO₃ (a strong acid) dissociate 100%. Thus, the unknown solute must be H₃PO₃, which is known to be a weak acid (doesn't dissociate 100%).
What is the H3PO3 name?
Phosphorous acid (or phosphonic acid) is the compound described by the formula H3PO3. This acid is diprotic (readily ionizes two protons), not tricrotic as might be suggested by this formula.
What are the two colors of litmus paper?
Litmus paper is a strip of paper extracted from lichens, which is dipped into a solution to determine if it is an acid or base. Litmus papers are available in two colors, red and blue. Acidic solutions will change the color of the blue litmus to red strips.
Thus, the unknown substance is H3PO3.
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which of the following is not true? group of answer choices the bronsted-lowry model applies to a wider range of acid-base phenomena than does the arrhenius model. the arrhenius model of acids and bases applies toward substances that are nonaqueous. the arrhenius model of acids and bases was developed before the bronsted-lowry model. the bronsted-lowry model can apply to bases that do not contain hydroxide ions. none of the above
Arrhenius Model of acids and bases is applicable to nonaqueous substances.
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Nonaqueous substances are subject to the Arrhenius Model of acids and bases.
B) The Bronsted-Lowry Model was created before the Arrhenius Model of acids and bases.
C) Bases without hydroxide ions can still use the Bronsted-Lowry Model.
D) Compared to the Arrhenius Model, the Bronsted-Lowry Model covers a greater spectrum of acid-base phenomena.
option A is correct
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In the structure illustrating the bonding in ethene, c2h4, the two arrows point to what type of bond or bonds?.
The straight arrows in the structure c2h4 that represent binding bonding in ethene point to the -bond.
What do you mean bond?Bond are fixed-income products that reflect loans from investors to borrowers . An bond can be compared to the an agreement outlining the terms of the loan and the associated payments between both the lender and borrower.
What is bond in relationship?A strong sense of friendship, affection, or shared values which brings people together is referred to as a bond. We developed a very unique friendship as a result of the event. The tie that bound them was [+ between]. Synonyms include bind, link, tie, and union. Additional words for bond.
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The charge of a sulfur (S) ion is
The charge of a potassium (K) ion is
The charge of a boron (B) ion is
The charge of an iodine (I) ion is
The charge of a bromine (Br) ion is
Answer: you have to add the atomic number and the protrons
Explanation:
sulphur2-
K1+
B2+
I1-
Br1-
Explanation:
Note this work was not made by me but by a other brainly user
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Pentane (C5H12) is a component of gasoline that burns according to the following balanced equation:
C5H12(l)+8O2(g)→5CO2(g)+6H2O(g)
Calculate ΔH∘rxn for this reaction using standard enthalpies of formation. (The standard enthalpy of formation of liquid pentane is -146.8 kJ/mol.)
Enthalpy change of Pentane (C5H12) that burns is -3,270.5 kJ
Enthalpy change is defined as the difference in enthalpy of total products and reactants, each multiplied by the respective moles. It is expressed as ΔH°rxn
The formula for calculating the enthalpy change of a reaction is:
ΔH°rxn =∑[n x ΔH°f(product) - ∑[n x ΔH°f(reactant)]
The equilibrium reactions are:
C₅H₁₂(l) + 8O₂(g) ⇒ 5CO₂(g) +6H₂O(g)
ΔH°f(CO₂)(g) = -393.5 kJ/mol
ΔH°f(H₂O)(g) = - 241.8 kJ/mol
ΔH°f(C₅H₁₂)(l) = -146.8 kJ/mol
ΔH°f(O₂)(g) = 0 kJ/mol
The equation for the enthalpy change for the above reaction is:
ΔH°rxn =∑[n x ΔH°f(product) - ∑[n x ΔH°f(reactant)]
ΔH°rxn =∑[(n(CO₂) x ΔH°f(CO₂)) + (n(H₂O) x ΔH°f(H₂O)) ]- ∑[(n x ΔH°f(C₅H₁₂)) + (n x ΔH°f(O₂))]
ΔH°rxn =[( 5 x -393.5) + (6 x - 241.8 ) ]- [(1 x -147.8) + (8 x O₂)]
ΔH°rxn = -3,418.3 -(-147.8)
ΔH°rxn = -3,270.5 kJ
Therefore, the enthalpy of burning 1 mole of pentane is -3,270.5 kJ
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if increasing the oxidizing power of the environment causes the corrosion rate to slow, the material is known as
On increasing the oxidizing power of the environment, the corrosion rate slows, the material is known as Noble material.
What is corrosion?
Corrosion is a natural process that converts a metal into a more chemically stable oxide. It causes deterioration of materials by chemical or electrochemical reaction happening in their environment.
Noble material:A noble metal is regarded as a metallic chemical element that is generally resistant to corrosion and is usually found in raw form.
The corrosion rate increases when the oxidation increases. But, noble materials have good rate of oxidation resistance. So, when oxidation increases, the environment causes slow corrosion.
Therefore, answer is noble material
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Why does it make sense that acetyl-coa stimulates the activity of pyuruvate carboxylase?.
Acetyl-CoA indicates conversion of fat to carbs necessary. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase accumulation indicates lack of citrate. NADH is produced for energy when pyruvate carboxylase is activated by acetyl-CoA.
Why is it logical that acetyl-CoA would cause pyruvate carboxylase to be activated?Acetyl-CoA selectively activates pyruvate carboxylase. When acetyl-CoA concentrations are high, organisms use pyruvate carboxylase to divert pyruvate from the TCA cycle because acetyl-CoA is a crucial metabolite in the TCA cycle that generates a lot of energy.
How does pyruvate carboxylase become activated by acetyl-CoA?The production of more oxaloacetate is triggered by an excess of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA. When lipolysis is induced, for instance, intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA levels rise, allosterically activating pyruvate carboxylase to produce more oxaloacetate for gluconeogenesis.
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The answer is part C is the energy required to break six carbon-carbon bonds the average bond enthalpy of one carbon-carbon bond in benzene. Calculate in gaseous benzene, CoHs (g): Express your answer to four significant figures and include the appropriate units. View Available Hint(s) AH = Value Units Submit
348 kilojoules is the energy required to break single carbon-carbon bonds. hence for six carbon-carbon bond 348*6=2088 kilojoules.2088 kilojoules is the bond enthalpy of six carbon-carbon bonds.
What is bond enthalpy?Bond dissociation energy refers to the amount of energy required to break one carbon -carbon bond. This Bond dissociation energy is known as Bond enthalpy.
Bond enthalpy of one carbon-carbon bond in benzene:518 kJ/mol is the Bond enthalpy of one carbon-carbon bond in benzene which means 518 kJ/mol energy is required to break one single c-c bond in benzene.
hence, 348 kilojoules is the energy required to break single carbon-carbon bonds. hence for six carbon-carbon bond 348*6=2088 kilojoules.2088 kilojoules is the bond enthalpy of six carbon-carbon bonds.
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Why does it make sense that acetyl-coa stimulates the activity of pyuruvate carboxylase?.
Accumulation of acetyl-coA carboxylase indicates a lack of oxaloacetate, which in turn promotes pyuruvate carboxylase activity.
What is acetyl-coa?A number of metabolic processes in the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids involve the molecule acetyl-CoA. Its primary job is to transport the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle where it will be oxidized to produce energy. The group of chemical molecules known as o-glucuronides includes acetyl-CoA, commonly known as acetyl coenzyme A or accoa. These are glucuronides in which an O-glycosidic bond connects the aglycone to the carbohydrate molecule. Acetyl-CoA is regarded as a fatty ester lipid molecule as a result.
How is Acetyl-CoA formed and what is the function of it?The oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate from glycolysis, which takes place in the mitochondrial matrix, the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, or the oxidative breakdown of certain amino acids are the three main sources of acetyl-CoA. The TCA cycle is the next step, where acetyl-CoA is oxidized to provide energy.
The metabolism includes protein, carbohydrate, and lipids involves the molecule acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) in a number of metabolic activities. Its main function is to move an acetyl group to a Krebs cycle, where it is oxidized to release energy.
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curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic steps. be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps.
The electron flow arrow always starts from the nucleophilic center to the electrophilic Centre.
What is nucleophilic ?
The term "nucleophile" refers to an atom or molecule that searches for a positive centre during a chemical reaction, such as the nucleus of an atom, since the nucleophile has an accessible electron pair for bonding.
What is electrophilic ?
An atom or molecule that searches for an atom or molecule that has a pair of free electrons during a chemical process. Lewis acids, which absorb electron pairs, are electrophilic chemicals; many of them are also Brnsted acids (compounds that donate protons).
The electron flow arrow always starts from the nucleophilic center to the electrophilic Centre. The arrow starts from the electrons.
Mechanism with arrows:-
Therefore, The electron flow arrow always starts from the nucleophilic center to the electrophilic Centre.
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if a wave has a frequency of 7.20 x 10^14 Hz and travels at the speed of light (speed of light = 3.0 x 10^8 m/s), what is the wavelength?
If a wave has a frequency of 7.20 x 10^14 Hz and travels at the speed of light (speed of light = 3.0 x 10^8 m/s), the wavelength is 0.42 × 10⁻⁶ m.
What do you mean by wavelength ?The term wavelength of light is defined as the distance between the two successive crests or troughs of the light wave. Wavelength is denoted by the Greek letter lambda (λ).
Given:
frequency = 7.20 x 10^14 Hz
speed of light = 3.0 x 10^8 m/s
Wavelength = ?
Wavelength = speed of light/ frequency
λ = ν / f
= 3.0 x 10^8 / 7.20 x 10^14
= 0.42 × 10⁻⁶ m
Thus, if a wave has a frequency of 7.20 x 10^14 Hz and travels at the speed of light (speed of light = 3.0 x 10^8 m/s), the wavelength is 0.42 × 10⁻⁶ m.
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if a 0.05 m aqueous nacl solution is placed in contact with an aqueous 0.05 m licl solution which side of the 0.05 m nacl | 0.05 m licl junction will be positive? the mobilities of these ions in water at 25 ºc are: li
LiCl is positive.the mobilities of these ions in water at 25 ºc. NaCl is sodium chloride - common salt. It is a solid but when dissolved in water then it's an aqueous solution.
What is an aqueous solution example?An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is h2o. It is mostly shown in chemical equations by appending (aqueous) to the relevant chemical formula. For ex:, a solution of table salt, or sodium chloride (NaCl), in water would be represented as Na +(aq) + Cl −(aq).
What happens to NaCl when dissolves in water?Water molecules pull the sodium and chloride ions apart, separate the ionic bond that held them together. After pulling the salt compounds apart, the Na and Cl atoms are surrounded by water molecules, as this diagram shows. Once this happens, the salt is dissolved, result in a homogeneous solution.
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what is the volume occupied by 15.2 g of argon gas at a pressure of 1.04 atm and a temperature of 353 k ?
The volume of argon will be 10.57 L.
Apply the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, where n is the number of moles and R is the gas constant.
We must divide the given mass of argon by its molar mass because we have mass and need moles. Argon has a molar mass of 40 g/mol.
So the number of moles of Argon in 15.2g is = [tex]\frac{15.2}{40} = 0.38[/tex]mol
Given:
P = 1.04 atm
n = 0.38 mol
R = [tex]0.082057 Latm K^{-1} mol^{-1}[/tex]
T = 353 K
Unknown:
V
Solution:
V = [tex]\frac{nRT}{P}[/tex]
V = [tex]\frac{0.38*0.082*353}{1.04} = 10.57[/tex] L
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a gas mixture contains rn, he and n2. what is the total pressure of the mixture, if the mole fraction of n2 is 0.300 and the partial pressure of n2 is 0.520 atm?
According to Raoults law the total pressure of the mixture is 1.73a.
What is the contents of Raoult's law?
Describe Raoult's Law. According to Raoult's law, a solvent's partial evaporation rate in a solution (or mixture) is equal to or the same as the pure solvent's evaporation times the mole fraction present in the solution.
What is a case of Raoult's Law?
Let's say we have 100 mL each of water and ethylene glycol in two separate containers. We want to figure out the new vapor pressure of the mixture created when the two components are combined, given that the vapor pressure of pure water is 500 mmHg. Raoult's law is being directly applied in this case.
Briefing:
We can solve this problem using Raoults law. The formula for Raoults law is:
P_a = X_a * P
where,
P_a = the partial pressure of substance A
X_a = the mole fraction of substance A
P = total pressure
Therefore calculating for P:
P = P_a / X_a
P = 0.520/0.300
P = 1.73a
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Consider atoms of oxygen and fluorine. Which atom will be the least likely to lose an electron to form an ion and why?
Answer: Fluorine
Explanation:
Fluorine is least likely to lose an electron to form an ion as it needs only 1 electron to complete its shell compared to Oxygen which needs 2.
Answer:
flourine
Explanation:
Flourine will be the least likely to lose an electron because its ionization energy is higher than oxygen's. Ionization energy is an atoms ability to lose electrons, and it increases up the periods, and across the groups to the right.
What happens in a collision if both objects are moving?? And What happens in a collision if only one object is moving?? 50 pointssss
According to the web:
1. "In a collision, there is a force on both objects that causes an acceleration of both objects; the forces are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. For collisions between equal-mass objects, each object experiences the same acceleration."
2. "If object A is in motion, collides with object B at rest, then the system will have some momentum due to motion of object A. Now after collision let us imagine the object becomes at rest, and object B comes to motion. This means the object B has some momentum making the system to have momentum."
Explanation:WARNING: PLAGIARISM IS A REAL THING AND CAN AFFECT YOUR EDUCATION, THAT IS WHY I HAVE PLACED DOWN MY SOURCE SO THAT YOU DO NOT GET IN TROUBLE. DO NOT COPY THIS ANSWER WORD FOR WORD ON YOUR HOMEWORK. USE THIS AS A SOURCE, AND MAKE IT YOUR OWN:
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showing the behavior of several different gases follow. which of these gases exhibit behavior significantly different from that expected for ideal gases?
Gases C, E and F exhibit behavior significantly different from that expected for an ideal gas. gases exhibit behavior significantly different from that expected for ideal gas
A theoretical gas called an ideal gas is one that has lots of point particles moving around randomly and not being affected by other particles. The ideal gas concept is advantageous because it complies with the ideal gas law, a condensed equation of state, and is amenable to statistical mechanics analysis. A theoretical gas called an ideal gas is one that has lots of randomly moving particles but doesn't have any interparticle interactions. The opposite is true for a real gas; it takes up space and its molecules interact. As a result, PV is always equal to nRT.
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The ionic compounds NaCl and MgS are represented by the diagrams above. Which statement correctly identifies diagram 1 and identifies the compound with the lower melting point, explaining why?
A
Diagram 1 represents NaCl
NaCl
; it has a lower melting point than MgS
MgS
has because the coulombic attractions between the singly charged Na+
Na
+
ions and the Cl−
Cl
−
ions in NaCl
NaCl
are stronger than those between the ions in MgS
MgS
.
B
Diagram 1 represents NaCl; it has a lower melting point than MgS because the coulombic attractions between its singly charged Na+
ions and the Cl−
Cl
−
ions are weaker than those between the ions in MgS
MgS
.
C
Diagram 1 represents MgS
MgS
; it has a lower melting point than NaCl
NaCl
because the coulombic attractions between its doubly charged Mg2+
Mg
2
+
ions and the S2−
S
2
−
ions are stronger than those between the ions in NaCl
NaCl
.
D
Diagram 1 represents MgS
MgS
; it has a lower melting point than NaCl
NaCl
because the coulombic attractions between the doubly charged Mg2+
Mg
2
+
ions and the S2−
S
2
−
ions are weaker than those between the ions in NaCl
NaCl
B
The magnesium sulfide having a weaker coulombic interaction would have a lower melting point. Option D
What is the correct image?We know that a substance is said to be ionic if the substance is formed by the interaction of two ions. We know that one of the ions must be positive and the other must be negative. The magnitude of the charges would have an impact on the nature of the interaction between the charges.
Since we know that magnesium sulfide has a double negative charge on sulfur and a double positive charge on magnesium while the sodium has a single positive charge and the chloride has a single negative charge, the magnitude of the interaction between the sodium and the chloride ions is higher thus the magnesium chloride compound shown in image 1 would have a lower melting point.
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consider a hydrogen atom is in its second excited state. what is the shortest wavelength photon it can emit? give your answer in nanometers.
The longest and shortest wavelength when a hydrogen atom in the ground state is excited by radiations of wavelength 975°A are 1026°A and 6569°A respectively.
What is Bohr's atomic model?
Thesolar Bohr model, also known as the Rutherford-Bohr model, was first proposed by Niels Bohr and Ernest Rutherford in 1913 and describes an atomic system with an orbiting system of electrons and a small, dense nucleus that is similar to the Solar System in structure but is attracted by electrostatic forces rather than gravity.It followed the solar system models Joseph Larmor (1897), Jean Perrin (1901), cubical (1902), Hantaro Nagaoka Saturnian (1904), plum pudding (1904), Rutherford (1911), quantum Arthur Haas (1910), and nuclear quantum John William Nicholson (1911). (1912).The new quantum physical interpretation put forth by Haas and Nicholson, forgoing any attempt to align with classical physics radiation, was the main improvement over the 1911 Rutherford model.To know more about the Bohr's atomic model, click the link given below:
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which of the following compounds would be considered an electrolyte? a. c6h12o6 b. naoh c. co2 d. agcl
Answer: B: NaOH
Explanation:
Calculate the cfse for a d^3 system in an octahedral field in units of ∆_o. In other words, do not enter "∆_o" with your answer. For example, if your answer is −0. 8∆_o, then enter "−0. 8. ".
Magnetic moment (spin only) of octahedral complex having CFSE=−0.8Δo and surrounded by weak field ligands can be : Q
To answer this, the Crystal Field Stabilization Energy has to be calculated for a (d3 metal in both configurations. The geometry with the greater stabilization will be the preferred geometry. So for tetrahedral d3, the Crystal Field Stabilization Energy is: CFSE = -0.8 x 4/9 Δo = -0.355 Δo.
[Co(CN)64-] is also an octahedral d7 complex but it contains CN-, a strong field ligand. Its orbital occupancy is (t2g)6(eg)1 and it therefore has one unpaired electron. In this case the CFSE is −(6)(25)ΔO+(1)(35)ΔO+P=−95ΔO+P.
The crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) (in kJ/mol) for complex, [Ti(H2O)6]3+. According to CFT, the first absorption maximum is obtained at 20,3000cm−1 for the transition.
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Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with _____.
Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with fractional bond orders.
What is resonance?
Resonance in chemistry, also known as mesomerism, is a means to describe bonding in specific molecules or polyatomic ions by fusing a number of contributing structures into a resonance hybrid according to valence bond theory.
Resonance structure identification guidelines:
Atoms are immobile. Electrons can only be moved in bonds or lone pairs (that are in p orbitals) The system's total fee must not change. A molecule's bonding structure needs to be preserved.
Therefore, Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with fractional bond orders.
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Which of the following provides the best explanation for why the water drop does not slide off the inclined plane?
O A The polar water molecules are absorbed by the underlying surface O B The polar water molecules cause the surface to become temporarily charged, causing adhesion
O C The polar water molecules exert strong cohesive forces on one another
O D The polar water molecules are repelled by the nonpolar surface
The option (b) is correct, Water induces dipole moment or polarity in the non polar molecule and thus polarize it momentarily.
What is polar?
a structure where the density of electrons is unbalanced. Nonpolar structures are those that have an electron density that is roughly uniform. Molecules' many physical, chemical, and biological properties are affected by polarity, which can take many different forms
What is molecules?
the tiniest component of an object that possesses all of its physical and chemical characteristics. The number of atoms that make up a molecule might vary.
Water induces dipole moment or polarity in the non polar molecule and thus polarize it momentarily. Thus it is attracted towards polar water molecule.
Therefore, option (b) is correct, Water induces dipole moment or polarity in the non polar molecule and thus polarize it momentarily.
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What is the chemical name of the compound K₂SO4?
Answer: Potassium Hydrogen Sulfate
Explanation: The name of the compound K2SO4 is Potassium Hydrogen Sulfate.
use arrows to sketch the circulation in the estuary, including any upwelling/downwelling and freshwater transport across the sea surface, and indicate the volume transport associated with each of the arrows you have sketched.
The coriolis effect coupled with the frictional coupling of wind and water leads to the moving of surface water at 90° towards the right ward direction of the wind in the Northern hemisphere and to the left ward direction of the wind in the southern hemisphere.
Ekman transport helps surface water move away from the costal area.
Equatorial Upwelling occurs when surface water move farther away from the equator and becomes replaced by the Upwelling water.
The cause of the upwelling is due to the deviation of the sea currents by the rotation of the earth. In this way, the arrows that Josefina drew represent the movement of the water.
The second cause is due to the effect that the wind has on the sea.
Therefore must draw an arrow representing the wind to correctly represent the outcrop of the surface water.
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calculate the final concentration of the solution when water is added to prepare each of the following solutions. part a 25.0 ml of a 22.0 m hcl solution is diluted to 440. ml
The final concentration of the solution after adding water is HCl is 1.25M.
The solution of 25ml of 22M HCl is diluted to 440ml.
So, as we know,
Moles = molarity x volume
So, he moles of HCl are,
Moles = 22 x 25
Moles of HCl are 550 mole.
Even after diluting, the mole will not change, so,
Final concentration after adding water,
Concentration = 550/440
Concentration = 1.25M.
So, the final concentration of the HCl solution is 1.25M.
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which postulate of the kinetic molecular theory breaks down under conditions of low temperatures? explain.
The postulate of the kinetic molecular theory that breaks down under conditions of low temperatures there is - "no attraction or repulsive forces between the gas particle."
The kinetic molecular theory's "there is no attraction or repulsive forces between the gas particle" premise is one of the postulates that fails at low temperatures. At low temperatures, this hypothesis does not hold up well because gas particles move more slowly at low temperatures than they do at high temperatures.
Due of the particles' slow mobility, they might be drawn to nearby particles by their slow motion. At low temperatures, these particles will be more likely to interact with the adjacent particles. Therefore, at low temperatures, there is an interaction force between particles.
Hence, "no attraction or repulsive forces between the gas particle" is the postulate which fails under low temperature.
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how many grams of aluminum can form by passing 353 c through an electrolytic cell containing a molten aluminum salt?
0.0329 grams of aluminum can form by passing 353 c through an electrolytic cell containing a molten aluminum salt
AL^3+ + 3A^- = AL
3 moles of e- = 1 mole AL
3 faraday e- = 1 mole AL
3 * 96485 c = 1 mole AL
1 c = (1 / 3*96485)*27 g
353c = 353*27 / 3*96485 g
= 0.0329 g of AL
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Calculate the normal boiling point of chloroform given that the standard enthalpy of vaporization of chloroform is 31. 4 kj/mol and the standard entropy of chloroform is 93. 7 j/mol·k.
Given since chloroform has a standard energy of vaporization of 31. 4 kJ/mol and a standard entropy of 93. 7 j/mol/K, its normal boiling point is 335K.
What is the purpose of chloroform?Formaldehyde is a solvent, or a chemical that aids in the dissolution of other substances. It is also employed in the manufacture of pesticides and films, as well as in the building, paper, & board businesses. For lacquers, floor polish, resins, glue, alkaloids, fats, oils, and rubber, it serves as a solvent.
Chloroform: lethal or not?Excitation and nausea are the first symptoms, followed by vertigo and sleepiness. Chloroform overdose that is more severe might result in cardiac issues, fits, coma, and in some circumstances, death.
Briefing :
Given, Enthalpy of vaporization = 31.4 kJ/mol.
Standard entropy = 93. 7 j/mol·k
Using Gibbs free energy equation
Δ G = Δ H - T (ΔS)
at equilibrium (when the liquid is boiling), Δ G = 0
so, 0 = ΔH - T (Δ S)
T (Δ S) = Δ H
ΔS = ΔH / T
93.8 = (31400 J/mol.) / T
T = 334.7
=335K
Therefore , boiling point of chloroform is 335K .
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