Which of the following best describes a salt bridge? a) A pathway composed of salt water that ions pass through. b) A pathway between the cathode and anode in which ions are reduced. c) A pathway by which counterions can flow between the half-cells with the solutions in the half-cell completely mixing.

Answer:

in crystalline solids

Hope this answers your question, good luck

The crystalline solids represent the best identification where the long-range order should be found.

Crystalline solids refer to the solid where the atoms, molecules should be make the arrangement. The smallest & repeated pattern of this solid should be called as the unit cell. The unit cell should be treated as the bricks in the wall which means it should be homogenous in the nature and repeated

Therefore, The crystalline solids represent the best identification where the long-range order should be found.

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Answer:

THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA FOR THE UNKNOWN COMPOUND IS C7H9O

Explanation:

The empirical formula for the unknown compound can be obtained by following the processes below:

1 . Write out the percentage composition of the individual elements in the compound

C = 75.68 %

H = 8.80 %

O = 15.52 %

2. Divide the percentage composition by the atomic masses of the elements

C = 75 .68 / 12 = 6.3066

H = 8.80 / 1 = 8.8000

O = 15.52 / 16 = 0.9700

3. Divide the individual results by the lowest values

C = 6.3066 / 0.9700 = 6.5016

H = 8.8000 / 0.9700 = 9.0722

O = 0.9700 / 0.9700 = 1

4. Round up the values to the whole number

C = 7

H = 9

O = 1

5 Write out the empirical formula for the compound

C7H90

In conclusion, the empirical formula for the unknown compound is therefore C7H9O

Answer:

The empirical formula is: C₂H₃O

Explanation:

The empirical formula, also known as the “minimum formula”, is the simplest expression to represent a chemical compound and indicates the elements that are present and the minimum integer ratio between its atoms.

The percentage composition is the percentage by mass of each of the elements present in a compound.

Having 100 g of the compound as a base, it is possible to express the percentages in grams. That is, assuming you have 100 g of the compound, you have 53.46 g of  C , 6.98 g of  H , and 39.56 g of  O.

Taking into account the molecular mass of each substance, the number of relative atoms of each chemical element is calculated:

C: [tex]53.46 g *\frac{1 mol}{12.01 g } = 4.45 moles[/tex]

H:[tex]6.98 g *\frac{1 mol}{1.01 g } = 6.91 moles[/tex]

O:[tex]39.56 g *\frac{1 mol}{16g } = 2.47 moles[/tex]

Now you divide each value obtained by the least of them:

C: [tex]\frac{4.45 moles}{2.47 moles}= 1.80[/tex]

H:[tex]\frac{6.91 moles}{2.47 moles}= 2.8[/tex]

O:[tex]\frac{2.47 moles}{2.47 moles}=1[/tex]

Decimals approach the nearest integer, then:

C: 2

H: 3

O: 1

Therefore the empirical formula is: C₂H₃O

Answer: The other guy is wrong. The correct answer is C9H14O5

Explanation:

et the mass percentages from the percent composition represent grams in a total mass of 100g. Use the grams to calculate the number of moles of each atom present.

%C:53.46%molC=53.46gC=53.46gC×1molC12.011gC=4.451molC

%H:6.98%molH=6.98gH=6.98gH×1molH1.008gH=6.924molH

%O:39.56%molO=39.56gO=39.56gO×1molO15.999gO=2.473molO

Divide by the smallest number of moles.

subscriptC=4.451molC2.473molO≈1.800≈95

subscriptH=6.924molH2.473molO≈2.800≈145

subscriptO=2.473molO2.473molO=1

Now, multiply each subscript by 5 to achieve whole number subscripts. Therefore, the empirical formula is C9H14O5.

Answer:

Explanation:

1 ) Cl₂ + ZnBr₂ = ZnCl₂ + Br₂

In this reaction , oxidation number of Cl decreases  from 0 to -1  so it is reduced  and oxidation number of Br increases from -1 to 0 so it is oxidised . Hence this reaction is oxidation - reduction reaction .

2 )

Pb( ClO₄)₂ + 2KI = PbI₂ + 2KClO₄

In this reaction oxidation number of none is changing so it is not an oxidation - reduction reaction.

3 )

CaCO₃ = CaO + CO₂

In this reaction also oxidation number of none is changing so it is not an oxidation - reduction reaction.

So only first reaction is oxidation - reduction reaction.

2nd option is correct.

The correct answer is C. Surface craters

Explanation:

Short-term environmental changes involve temporary changes and effects in the ecosystem, which are mainly minor. In the case of a small asteroid or comet, this will likely lead to surface craters or changes in the surface of the impact zone. This is because the craters and asteroids impact the surface at hight speed. Also, because this is a minor event it might lead to the death of some organisms but not the extinction of these and it is not expected this has major effects such as changes in weather. Thus, the short-term effect that this will most likely cause is "surface craters."

Answer:

surface

Explanation:

Answer:

NaClO + CH₃COOH ----> HClO + CH3CO- + Na

Explanation:

This reaction occurs between the combination of a salt and an acid, that is, an oxide-reduction reaction

Answer:

See attached picture.

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, given the IUPAC name, we can infer we have a seven-carbon carboxylic acid that has a bromine at the fifth carbon, an isopropyl at the fourth carbon and the carboxyl functional group (COOH) at the first carbon, thus, on the attached document, you will find the correct structure.

Best regards.

Answer:

The answer is Neutralization reaction

It occurs when an acid and a base are present in the same solution and react to form salt and water only

Hope this helps you

Answer:

Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) can be used to analyze chemical reactions. During this reaction monitoring, a typical TLC plate would have three spots: the reactant lane, the reaction mixture lane, and a "co-spot" where reaction product would be spotted directly on top of reactant.

The co-spot serves as a reference point and is vital for reactions where reactant and product have similar Rfs, and many other variations of eluent tracking.

To indicate completion of the reaction, the disappearance of a spot (usually the starting reactant) is observed.

Answer:

[tex]T_2=453.05K[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, the temperature-variable Arrhenius equation is written as:

[tex]\frac{k(T_2)}{k(T_1)}=exp(\frac{Ea}{R}(\frac{1}{T_2}-\frac{1}{T_1} ))[/tex]

Now, for us to solve for the temperature by which the reaction rate constant is 0.0760M/s we proceed as shown below:

[tex]ln(\frac{k(T_2)}{k(T_1)})=\frac{Ea}{R}(\frac{1}{T_2}-\frac{1}{T_1} )\\ln(\frac{0.0760M/s}{0.00000291M/s} )=\frac{183000J/mol}{8.314J/(mol*K)} *(\frac{1}{T_2} -\frac{1}{573K} )\\\frac{1}{T_2} -\frac{1}{573K} =\frac{10.17}{22011.06K^{-1}} \\\\\frac{1}{T_2}=4.62x10^{-4}K^{-1}+\frac{1}{573K}\\\\\frac{1}{T_2}=2.21x10^{-3}K^{-1}\\\\T_2=453.05K[/tex]

Regards.

Answer:

thickness of the gold sheet = 4.74 * 10⁻⁶ cm

Explanation:

mass of gold sample = 1.2 oz,; area of rectangular gold sheet = 400 sq. ft

Converting mass of gold from oz. to g

1 oz. = 28.35 g

mass of gold sample in grams = 1.2 * 28.35 g = 34.02 g

Converting from feet to cm;

1 feet  =  12 * 2.54 cm = 30.48 cm

1 sq. ft = (30.48)² = 929.0304 cm²

area of gold in cm² = 400 * 929.0304 cm² = 371612.16 cm²

Since the density of a solid is constant

Density = mass/volume

Volume = mass/density

where volume =area * thickness

therefore, area * thickness =mass/density

thickness = mass/(density * area)

substituting the value; thickness = 34.02 g/(19.3 gcm⁻³ *371612.16 cm²)

thickness of the gold sheet = 4.74 * 10⁻⁶ cm

Answer:a

Explanation:

The three characteristics of minerals are that they are solid, have definite crystal structure and definite chemical composition.

Minerals are defined as a chemical compound  which has a well -defined composition and possesses a specific crystal structure.It occurs naturally in the pure form.

If a compound occurs naturally in different crystal structure then each structure is considered as a different mineral.The chemical composition of a mineral varies  depending on the presence of small impurities which are present in small quantities.

Some minerals  can have variable proportions of two or more chemical elements  which occupy equivalent position in the crystal structure.It may also have variable composition which is split into separate species.

Physical properties of minerals include color,streak, luster,specific gravity  and cleavage.

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#SPJ6

Answer:

18.308 KJ

Explanation:

From the given above, we obtained the following:

Activation energy for the catalyzed reaction = 4.6 kJ.

Activation energy for the uncatalyzed reaction =..?

Now, a careful observation of the question revealed that the activation energy of the uncatalyzed reaction is about 3.98 times that of the catalyzed reaction.

With this vital information, we can thus, calculate the activation energy of the uncatalyzed reaction as follow:

Activation energy for the uncatalyzed reaction = 3.98 times that of the catalyzed reaction.

Activation energy for the uncatalyzed reaction = 3.98 x 4.6 kJ = 18.308 KJ

Therefore, the activation energy of the uncatalyzed reaction is 18.308 KJ.

Answer:

Hey there!

CS2) Carbon Disulfide.

PBr3) Phosphorus Tribromide

NO) Nitric Oxide

CF4) Carbon Tetrafluoride

P2O5) Phosphorus Pentoxide

Let me know if this helps :)

Answer:

[tex]\rho = 9.78\frac{g}{cm^3}[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, in order to compute the density of bismuth we need to apply the formula:

[tex]\rho =\frac{m_{Bi}}{V_{Bi}}[/tex]

Nonetheless, the volume is computed by the difference:

[tex]V_{Bi}=48.6-46.3=2.30cm^3[/tex]

Therefore:

[tex]\rho = \frac{22.5g}{2.30cm^300}\\\\\rho = 9.78\frac{g}{cm^3}[/tex]

Regards.

Answer:

Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] = −51. 4 kJ/mol

However, since Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] is negative. The hydrolysis of ATP for this reaction is said to be spontaneous

Explanation:

From the question; The equation for this reaction can be represented as :

[tex]ATP_{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)} \to ADP_{(aq)}+ HPO_4^{2-}} _{(aq)}[/tex]

where:

[tex]\Delta G ^0 _{rxn} =[/tex]-30.5 kJ/mol

= -30.5 kJ/mol × 1000 J/ 1 kJ

= -30.5 × 10 ⁻³ J/mol

Temperature T = 37 ° C

= (37+273)

= 310 K

pH = 7.0

[ATP] = 5.0 mM

= 5.0mM × 1M/1000mM

= 0.005 M

[ADP] = 0.30 mM

= 0.30 mM × 1M/1000mM

= 0.0003 M

[tex][HPO_4^{2-}}][/tex] = 5.0 mM

= 5.0mM × 1M/1000mM

= 0.005 M

The objective is to calculate the value for Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] in the biological cell and to determine if the hydrolysis  of  ATP is spontaneous under these conditions.

Now;

From the equation given; the equilibrium constant [tex]K_{eq}[/tex] can be expressed as:

[tex]K_{eq} = \dfrac{[ADP][ HPO_4^{2-}]} {[ATP]}[/tex]

[tex]K_{eq} = \dfrac{(0.0003 \ M)(0.005 \ M)} {(0.005 \ M)}[/tex]

[tex]K_{eq} = 3*10^{-4}[/tex]

The  Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] in the biological cell can now be calculated as:

Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] = [tex](-30.5 * 10 ^3 \ J/mol) + (8.314 \ J/mol.K)(310 K ) In ( 3*10^{-4})[/tex]

Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] = [tex](-30.5 * 10 ^3 \ J/mol) + (-20906.68126)[/tex]

Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] = −51406.68 J/mol

Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] = −51. 4 × 10³ J/mol

Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] = −51. 4 kJ/mol

Thus since Δ [tex]G_{rxn}[/tex] is negative. The hydrolysis for this reaction is said to be spontaneous

Answer:

[tex]Q=2582J=2.58kJ[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, for us to compute the absorbed heat, we apply the following equation:

[tex]Q=m_{Al}Cp_{Al}(T_2-T_1)[/tex]

Whereas we use the mass, specific heat and temperature change for the piece of aluminium, thus, we obtain:

[tex]Q=63.1g*0.930\frac{J}{g*\°C}*(67.0-23.0)\°C\\ \\Q=2582J=2.58kJ[/tex]

It is positive as the heat is entering, therefore the temperature raises.

Best regards.

Answer:

n= 0.08186

{He}2s^2 2p^6

Explanation:

PV=nRT

n=PV/RT

n= (1.220 atm)(4.3410 L) / (0.0821 atm*L/mol*K)(788.0 K)

n=0.08186

As for the electron configuration:

Ne:

{He} 2s^2 2p^6

or long hang:

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6

[tex][Ne]=1s^22s^22p^{10}[/tex]

Given:

To find:

1.

The pressure of the gaseous boron trifluoride = P = 1.220 atm

The volume of the gas in bulb = V = 4.3410 L

The moles of the  gaseous boron trifluoride = n

The temperature of gaseous boron trifluoride = T = 788.0 K

Using an ideal gas equation:

[tex]PV = nRT\\\\1.220 atm\times 4.3410 L=n\times 0.0821 atm L/mol K\times 788.0 K\\\\n=\frac{1.220 atm\times 4.3410 L}{0.0821 atm L/mol K\times 788.0 K}\\\\n=0.08186 mol[/tex]

The moles of gaseous boron trifluoride is 0.08186 moles.

2.

The atomic number of neon atom = 10

The electronic configuration in the ground state is the most stable arrangement of the electrons in the lowest energy levels.

The ground state electronic configuration of neon is:

[tex][Ne]=1s^22s^22p^{10}[/tex]

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The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:

Calculating an equilibrium constant from a partial equilibrium... Steam reforming of methane (CH) produces "synthesis gas," a mixture of carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas, which is the starting point for many important industrial chemical syntheses. An industrial chemist studying this reaction fills a 25.0L tank with 8.0 mol of methane gas and 1.9 mol of water vapor, and when the mixture has come to equilibrium measures the amount of carbon monoxide gas to be 1.5 mol. Calculate the concentration equilibrium constant for the steam reforming of methane at the final temperature of the mixture. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.

Answer:

The correct answer is 2.47.

Explanation:

Based on the given information, the equation for the synthesis gas is,  

CH₄ (g) + H₂O (g) ⇔ CO (g) + 3H₂ (g)

Based on the given information, 25.0 L is the volume of the tank, the concentration of CH₄ is 8.0 mol, the concentration of water vapor is 1.9 mol, and the concentration of CO gas is 1.5 mol.  

Therefore, 25 L of the solution comprise 8.0 mole of CH₄. So, 1 L of the solution will comprise 8.0 / 25 mole CH₄,  

= 0.32 mole of CH₄

Thus, the concentration of CH₄ or [CH₄] will be 0.32 mole/L or 0.32 M.  

Similarly, the concentration of H₂O or [H₂O] will be 1.9/25 = 0.076 M

and [CO] is 1.5/25 = 0.06 M

The concentration equilibrium constant for the steam will be,  

Kc = [CO] pH₂ / [CH₄] [H₂O] (Here pH₂ is the partial pressure of H₂)

Now lets us assume that the reaction has taken place in a constant atmospheric pressure, therefore, pH₂ will be equal to 1.  

= 0.06 M/0.32 M × 0.076 M  

= 2.47  

Answer:

Rubidium oxide

Explanation:

Answer:

CaF2 + CO3- ----> CaCO3 + 2 F-

Explanation:

The chemical compounds found on the left side of the date are the reagents and those found on the right are the products, where calcium carbonate appears.

Calcium carbonate is a quaternary salt

Answer:

0.83 g

Explanation:

Step 1: Write the balanced equation

Fe + CuSO₄ ⇒ Cu + FeSO₄

Step 2: Calculate the moles corresponding to 0.75 g of Fe

The molar mass of Fe is 55.85 g/mol.

[tex]0.75g \times \frac{1mol}{55.85g} = 0.013 mol[/tex]

Step 3: Calculate the moles of Cu produced from 0.013 moles of Fe

The molar ratio of Fe to Cu is 1:1. The moles of Cu produced are 1/1 × 0.013 mol = 0.013 mol.

Step 4: Calculate the mass corresponding to 0.013 moles of Cu

The molar mass of Cu is 63.55 g/mol.

[tex]0.013mol \times \frac{63.55g}{mol} = 0.83 g[/tex]

Answer:

If 0.75 grams of iron (Fe) react, 0.85 grams of copper (Cu) will be produced.

Explanation:

You know the following balanced reaction:

Fe + CuSO₄ ⇒ Cu + FeSO₄

By stoichiometry of the reaction (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following quantities react and are produced:

Being:

the molar mass of the compounds participating in the reaction is:

Then, by stoichiometry of the reaction, the amounts of reagent and product that participate in the reaction are:

Then you can apply a rule of three as follows: if 55.85 grams of Fe produces 63.54 grams of Cu, 0.75 grams of Fe how much mass of Cu does it produce?

[tex]mass of Cu=\frac{0.75 grams of Fe*63.54 grams of Cu}{55.85 grams of Fe}[/tex]

mass of Cu= 0.85 grams

If 0.75 grams of iron (Fe) react, 0.85 grams of copper (Cu) will be produced.

Answer:

A SOLUTION THAT REGULATES pH BECAUSE IT IS SUCH A STRONG ACID OR BASE

Explanation:

A buffer solution is an aqueous solution consisting of a weak acid and its conjugate base. It is an aqueous solution used to keep the pH of solution at a nearly constant value in various chemical processes. It resists change in pH when either a strong acid or a strong base  is added. So it is very essential in various chemical applications and even in the human body as the blood pH is kept in nearly constant value by the bicarbonate buffer system in conjunction with the kidneys. The buffer solution is able to keep this nearly constant range of values because of the equilibrium between the weak acid and its conjugate base. So therefore, the incorrect statement in the options is that buffer solution is a solution that regulates pH because it is such a strong acid or base. The other options are correct.

Answer:

4.2g of gasoline

Explanation:

In the problem, you need to give energy to the cup from the combustion of gasoline. The energy you need to give is:

Qcup + QWater + QCopper

As you need to increase (110ºC - 21ºC = 89º = Increase 89K) 89K, the Qcup is:

Qcup = 89K × (47J/K) = 4183J.

You can find Qwater using its specific heat, C (4.18Jg⁻¹K⁻¹), its mass (450mL = 450g) and the change of temperature, 89K:

QWater = CₓmₓΔT

QWater = 4.184Jg⁻¹K⁻¹ ₓ 450g×89K

QWater = 167569J

And Q of Copper, QCu, could be obtained in the same way (Specific heat Cu: 0.387 J/g⁻¹K⁻¹:

QCu = CₓmₓΔT

QCu = 0.387 J/g⁻¹K⁻¹ₓ850gₓ89K

QCu = 29277J

Thus, total heat you need is:

Q = Qcup + QWater + QCopper

Q = 4183J + 167569J + 29277J

Q = 201029J = 201kJ

The combustion of gasoline (Octane) produce 47.8kJ/g (Its heat of combustion). that means to produce 201kJ of energy you require:

201kJ × (1g / 47.8kJ) =

Answer:

a change in temperature would be observed(ΔH is -ve)

Explanation:

Hydrochloric acid react with sodium hydroxide to give salt(sodium chloride) and water

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) =====> NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

There would be no notable change since sodium chloride dissolved in water but there would be a change in temperature.

Since neutralization is exothermic(heat is evolved), therefore ΔH is negative

Answer:

D. pollution

Explanation:

Increase in ocean temperature is one of the major consequence of global warming which directly leads to rise in sea level,  coral bleaching and ocean deoxygenation.

Warming ocean temperatures do not leads to pollution directly whereas pollution leads to warming ocean temperatures. So, in the case of pollution, the effect is opposite.

Hence, the correct option is D.