which of the following are true about our earliest archaeological evidence for occupation in rome?

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Answer 1

There are much earliest archaeological evidence are present for occupation in Rome such as the swampy valley north of the Palatine was drained during the 7th century BCE etc.

The phrase archaeological evidence is used in archaeology to refer to all types of archaeological evidence, including the tangible traces of earlier human activity that are collected and cataloged by archaeologists to understand and rebuild the past.

Our knowledge  is improved by our understanding of human behavior patterns and changes. It helps us plan for future generations as well as our own. Many individuals think that understanding, preserving, and appreciating our rich and diverse cultural past depend on public archaeology.

Other than this, some sort of defensive wall from that era was found in the present area of Rome. The first temples built on and around Capitoline Hill date back to the sixth century BCE.

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Declaration of Independence Analysis
The Declaration of Independence is available in assignment Declaration of Independence Read/ReactAssignment
1. In this document, Jefferson writes about rights from the "laws of nature." What do you think he means by that?
2. Jefferson included the line "All men are created equal." In what ways could this line be considered controversial? What do you think
this line meant when slavery was still legal in parts of the country?
3. Jefferson included the following line before explaining that the British crown had made the American colonies put up with too
much. "Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes." Why
do you think he chose to include this line? - Prudence may be a new term, "Prudence" means to take time to consider one's actions
prior to making a decision.
4. What was the purpose of including the grievances section?
5. What were some of the major reasons why the colonists were upset?
6. In what ways does the document claim that the colonists have attempted to make amends with the British before declaring
independence?
7. What is the tone of the final section of the document? What is the main point of it? Be specific.
8. In what ways has the country achieved the equality the document speaks of and in what ways do we need to improve? Be specific.
Submission status

Answers

There are three fundamental themes in the Declaration of Independence.

The Declaration of Independence: What Does it Say?

The King, the colonists, and the globe were among the audiences that the Declaration of Independence was intended for. It also has multitasking capabilities.

Its objectives were to enlist support from abroad, win over supporters at home, and declare the birth of a new nation.

The major goal of the Declaration, which is to defend the colonists' right to revolution, is stated in the opening sentence.

To "declare the causes which impel them to the separation," in other words.

The validity of Congress's cause had to be established. The world's most powerful nation has just been defied by it. It had to entice allies from abroad to join the battle.

(1)God created all people equal and bestowed upon them the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; (2) the primary function of government is to uphold these rights; and (3) in the event that a government attempts to deny these rights, the populace is free to rebel and establish a new government.

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the ccp implemented a campaign of political purges, targeting individuals and groups deemed to be counter-revolutionary or critical of the great leap forward.

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It is true that the CCP was targeting counter-revolutionary individuals and groups as part of the Great Leap Forward.

The People's Republic of China's (PRC) Great Leap Forward (Second Five Year Plan) was a social and economic campaign led by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1958 to 1962. Through the formation of people's communes, CCP Chairman Mao Zedong started a campaign to transform the country from an agrarian economy to a communist society. Mao ordered an increase in efforts to increase grain yields and bring industry to the countryside. Fearing Anti-Rightist Campaigns, local officials competed to meet or exceed quotas based on Mao's misleading statements, collecting non-existent "surpluses" and having left farmers to starve to death.

Your question is incomplete, but probably the complete question is:

The CCP implemented a campaign of political purges, targeting individuals and groups deemed to be counter-revolutionary or critical of the great leap forward. True or False.

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charles darwin was famous for his work on evolution by natural selection processes. which of the follow was not one of the animals that he observed?O FinchesO HorsesO Elephants O CatsO Tortoises

Answers

Answer: Cats

Explanation:

identify one way in which enlightenment ideas influenced a series of revolts throughout india in 1857

Answers

The series of uprisings that occurred across India in 1857 were motivated by enlightenment ideas, which pitted people's rights to individual freedom against British colonial principles.

In fighting for India's independence and opposing British westernisation, which brought to the extinction of Indian customs, it was done in defiance of the British. Indians therefore fought for their people's right to freedom of religion and culture utilising the ideas of the Enlightenment.

Many Indians thought the company was taxing the populace heavily. This led to an increase in land taxes as well. This appears to have been a crucial element in its spread given how soon the rebellion broke out in numerous areas in northern India as farmers hurried to regain their forcibly confiscated title deeds.

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the drawing of state borders on maps during the age of exploration and colonialism (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

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The drawing of state borders on maps during the age of exploration in contrast to the nebulous borders associated with feudalism, allowed kings to exert their control across clearly defined domains.

Enhanced national sovereignty and sense of identity abroad

Significantly lower levels of citizen participation in government in the selected countries. resulting in constant, permanent, continuous international borders. In the countries that were drawn, citizen engagement in government has dramatically diminished. Local identities and ties to the local nobility were strengthened throughout mediaeval feudalism.

National symbols, language, the history of the country, national awareness, and cultural objects are examples of factors from the "shared points" that can directly contribute to the emergence of national identity as a collective phenomena.

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The ___ or Piney Woods region, one of the six economic regions of Texas, was traditionally dominated by agriculture, timber, and oil.

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The East Texas or Piney Woods region is one of the six economic regions of Texas and was traditionally dominated by agriculture, timber, and oil.

With one exception in Ontario, a collection of entire census divisions (CDs) is referred to as an economic region (ER) to analyze regional economic activity.

The 268,000 square miles of Texas are divided into 12 economic regions by the Texas Comptroller's office. Each of these regions has at least one MSA, or metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the Census, which are places with a relatively high population density and close economic integration.

Large industrial locations, state-of-the-art biomedical research parks, and a highly skilled workforce can all be found in East Texas. East Texas, which includes the 12-county Texas Forest Country region and the MSAs of Tyler, Longview, and Texarkana, provides business advantages for manufacturing and distribution activities.

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Choose a state and see how the foreign-born population there compares to the U.S. (hint: see Wyoming, New York, Georgia, and Colorado. What percentage was foreign-born? What percentage was only of one race, and what percentage was of two or more races? Is this data available for 1990? Why or why not?

Answers

As immigrants, And U.S.-born children the number, was approximately, 84.8 Million people in the total U.S. population in 2021 cps, Approximately 950,000 from 2020.

What is the population?

A population is a complete set of a group of individualists, whether that group constitutes a nation or a group of groupings with a common characteristic. In data point, a population is the pool of individuals from which a statistical sample is drawn for a study. As we see, different countries have different populations.

The percentage was of two or more races, As per the two or more races approximately 1.9% Asian are there, 0.4%asian and the rest 0.05%.  In the United States, the Hispanic and Latino population has reached 58& million in 2016

Therefore, As a result, Two or more races are in the category that is presented in the census.

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Tetrarchy is a term introduced by the Roman Emperor Diocletian that means?

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It means the empire was divided into 4 parts

which of the following is an example of the influence of nationalism outside the euro-american world in the nineteenth century?

Answers

The "Egypt for the Egyptians" movement  is an example of the influence of nationalism outside the euro-american world in the nineteenth century.

Egyptian nationalism has roots in a military uprising against the Egyptian monarchy in the 1880s, led by Colonel Ahmed al Urabi, which is when it first emerged. Urabi and his supporters had grown more appalled as Egypt had been dominated by Europe throughout the preceding ten years due to Egypt's crushing external debt to British and French banks. It also takes into account the Muslim Brotherhood's founding in 1928, Egypt's quasi-independence in 1922, the role of Egypt's Islamic intellectuals and activists in igniting Egyptian nationalism, and the effects of the European War in 1939 on Egyptian politics.

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The complete question is:

Which of the following is an example of the influence of nationalism outside the euro-american world in the nineteenth century?

1) Labor movement

2) American civil war

3) Egypt for the Egyptians movement

4) Industrial revolution

TRUE/FALSE. the comfortable background in which lebron james was raised contributed to his motivation to help under-resourced communities.

Answers

No, the above statement is false. The comfortable background is not the motivation factor for LeBron James.

LeBron James has a stable sense of motivation, unlike some people. The superstar of the Miami Heat, winner of two championships and four MVP awards, is the focus of all NBA news.

Mr. James is creating a prototype for expanding social assistance and education in Akron's West Market Street neighborhood, where he grew up. The LeBron James Family Foundation and its partners have invested more than $20 million in a new school, three residential structures, and a sports and entertainment complex.

The Lebron James Family Foundation was founded by him. The foundation generates money for various organizations and donates it. These include the Children's Defense Fund, After-School All-Stars, Boys and Girls Clubs of America, Gabriel's Angle Foundation, and ONEXONE.

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Read pages 39-41 of Mice and Men and write an essay that analyzes literary techniques the author uses to explore the theme of friendship. Please no copying from the internet

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A theme is a salient argument the author is putting forth on the subject at hand. Therefore, identify the discussion topic that is raised the most frequently. This will serve as the essay's main theme.

What are the common themes in friendship?

There are many themes that come to mind, such as love, overcoming obstacles, respect for human dignity, and so on. However, all of these themes are crucial to friendship, which is why I think the theme of friendship is so strong throughout the course. All friendships require dignity and respect for others.

Emerson emphasizes in "Friendship" that genuine friendship cannot be forced or superficial. True friendship, on the other hand, happens by chance when two like-minded people connect in a way that allows them to be completely open and sincere with one another and that allows them to share meaningful experiences.

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How were people in Russia being treated under the Czar Alexander III?

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Answer:

Under Czar Alexander III, the Russian people were subject to a policy of "Russification" which aimed to promote Russian culture and language over other cultures and languages. This policy was enforced by the several departments of government, which pursued separate and even contradictory policies.

Alexander III also blamed the Jews for riots in Russia and issued a series of harsh restrictions on them, leading to large numbers of pogroms until 1884. In addition, Alexander III used methods such as censorship and secret police to maintain his authority over the Russian people.

_____ _____-when sam houston became president, he dissmissed the ______ because of its cost and leadership he replaced them by reinstating the texas rangers. he used them to fight the attacks by native americans and the _________ soldiers that crossed the border.

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Answer:

patrol, historic, frontier, dismissed, cost, reinstating, fight, Mexican, border

Why did colonial militias fight British soldiers in Lexington and Concord?

Answers

Answer:

The British marched on Lexington and Concord, intent on eliminating the possibility of rebellion by confiscating the colonists weapons.

PART B: Which passage from the text best supports the answer to Part A?
A. "Some of the founders wanted to select a President by popular vote, but others did not
want to put that much power into the hands of the voters." (Paragraph 3)
B. "Today many people believe that the Electoral College is out of date..." (Paragraph 4)
C. "...if a candidate wins small states by large numbers and loses large states by narrow
margins, it is possible to gain more votes than an opponent and win fewer electoral
votes." (Paragraph 5)
D. "The Constitution originally said little about presidential succession. It only specified
that powers and duties should 'devolve on the Vice President.'" (Paragraph 6)

Answers

The Vice President of the United States serves as President of the Senate according to the Constitution.

What About the Vice President (President of the Senate)?The Vice President of the United States serves as President of the Senate according to the Constitution. The vice president not only preside but also officially preside over the receiving and counting of the electoral votes cast in presidential elections. This is in addition to having the sole authority to break a tie vote in the Senate.From 1789 until the 1950s, the vice president's main responsibility was to preside over the Senate; today, they act as the president's main counselors. Vice presidents have worked in buildings close to the Senate Chamber since since the 1830s. As vice presidents and senators experimented with and at times vehemently argued the role to be played by this constitutional officer, the vice president's influence changed over the course of the country's history.

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which of the following most likely caused farming to languish as railroad profits soared in the late 1800s

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Railroads engaged in practices such as giving rebates to businesses while overcharging farmers caused farming to languish as railroad profits soared in the late 1800s.

In the late 1800s, railroads began to take advantage of their newfound power, engaging in practices that increased their own profits while causing farming to suffer. Specifically, railroads provided rebates to businesses to incentivize their transportation needs, while charging farmers above market rates for the same services.

These tactics had a huge impact on the agricultural industry, with farming income lagging significantly behind railroad profits as a result. It is clear that, at the time, railroads were engaging in unethical practices that undermined the economic growth of rural communities.

------The given question is incomplete, the complete question:

"Which of the following most likely caused farming to languish as railroad profits soared in the late 1800s?

A. Railroads engaged in practices such as giving rebates to businesses while overcharging farmers.

B. The federal government created an agency to regulate railroads."-------

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When using manual flash mode on your camera, how should you set the ISO speed on the flash?

Answers

Make that the ISO speed on your flash is set to the same value as the one that your camera is using. Select the Manual (M) setting for the flash. Set the zoom head on your flash to the desired focal length if it has one.

What is the manual flash mode?

Generally, When using manual flash mode, the ISO speed should be set to match the ambient light in the scene. The goal is to balance the flash and ambient light to properly expose the image.

If the ambient light is low, a higher ISO can be used to allow for a faster shutter speed or a smaller aperture. If the ambient light is bright, a lower ISO can be used to allow for a slower shutter speed or a larger aperture. It's important to note that increasing ISO will also increase the amount of noise in the image.

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Who is professor Camp?

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Camp directs American School of Classical Studies. He studied ancient Athens and excavated the agora from 1966 until the present. He also engaged in Greek excavations. His Ph.D.

Who is professor Camp?

Generally, The American School of Classical Studies is in good hands with Camp in the director's chair.

His area of expertise is ancient Athens, and he has been actively involved in the excavations of the Athenian agora since 1966. In addition to that, he has taken part in a variety of excavations located all across Greece.

Professor Camp has a Ph.D. in his field.

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In a short paragraph please explain how one of these views went against the authority of the Pope and the Catholic Church.

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For Catholics, the papacy serves as an extra source of authority. Catholics have access to the pope's teachings in addition to frequently turning to the Bible for direction

What is the authority of the pope in the Catholic Church?For Catholics, the papacy serves as an extra source of authority. Catholics have access to the pope's teachings in addition to frequently turning to the Bible for direction. Because he stands for a direct tie to Jesus, the pope is significant. Catholics consider the pope in this way as a manifestation of Jesus' presence. Conflicts that put the authority of the Roman Catholic Church in jeopardy: Merchant's wealth contested the church's interpretation of interest rates (the lending of money with interest) Italian church dominance was not popular with the German and English nobility. The Church held significant political influence and money.

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occurring amid a strike in favor of the eight-hour workday, it was what journalists called america's first terrorist bombing and was blamed on anarchist leaders despite a lack of evidence.

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It was America's first terrorist bombing, occurring during a strike in favour of the eight-hour workday, and was blamed on anarchist leaders despite a lack of proof.

On a mid-September day in 1920, the lunch rush was just getting started as a nondescript guy driving a cart pushed an ageing horse ahead. He came to a halt in front of the United States Assay Office, across from the J. P. Morgan building on Wall Street. The driver stepped down and immediately vanished among the mob.

It wasn't immediately clear that the explosion was a deliberate act of terrorism. Overnight, crews cleaned up the damage, including physical evidence that would be essential in identifying the offender today. Wall Street was back in business the next morning, albeit with damaged windows shrouded in canvas and workers wearing bandages.

Conspiracy theories abounded, but the New York Police and Fire Departments, the Bureau of Investigation (our forerunner), and the United States Secret Service were all on the case. Each sought leads with zeal. The Bureau interrogated hundreds of persons who had been in the vicinity before to, during, and after the assault, but found little useful information. The little memories of the driver and waggon were hazy and nearly meaningless. The NYPD was able to recreate the device and its ignite mechanism, but there was substantial controversy regarding the explosive's composition, and all of the probable components were widely available.

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the signing of this document on july 4, 1776 was an important event in the american revolution. the forming of the united states of america was seen as one of the culminating events of the enlightenment, the intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in western culture during the 17th to 19th century. during this time, ideas concerning god, reason, nature, and humanity were synthesized into a worldview that instigated revolutionary developments in art, philosophy, and politics. the goals of this movement were to use human reason to understand the universe and improve human life.

Answers

A pivotal moment in the American Revolution was the signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, which signaled the colonies' official separation from British control and the creation of the United States of America. .

Thirteen of Great Britain's North American colonies rebelled against British rule during the American Revolution, a political and military conflict that lasted from 1765 to 1783.  The thirteen American colonies were declared to be independent states in a declaration known as the Declaration of Independence.

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Which of the following is an example of physical geography?

A geographer studies the social organization of a small village in Italy.
A team of geographers examines the interactions between population groups in Spain.
A geographer studies the elevation of mountains in France.
A team of geographers publishes a book about life in Germany.

Answers

A geographer studies the elevation of mountains in France.

A geographer who studies the social organization of a small village in Italy is an example of physical geography. Thus, option A is correct.

What is physical geography?

One of each of the main subfields of geography is the physical geography. Physical geography is a branch of research that examines the trends and events that occur in the natural world, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, which are the natural world, and geosphere.

The notion of physical topography refers to physical characteristics that are found naturally. These were made by nature, not by people. Seas, islands, mountains, and rivers are a few prominent examples.

One should give credit to the mapmaker, or cartographer, for helping you find your way. A cartographer is someone who draws maps, whether they be representing an entire planet, a specific area, or hidden pirate loot.

Therefore, option A is correct.

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andrew carnegie was an industrial giant of the gilded age. identify the statements that describe carnegie.

Answers

He used vertical integration to build the world's biggest and most sophisticated steel factory. A large portion of Carnegie's riches was donated to numerous charities.

The son of a handloom weaver, Andrew Carnegie was born in a one-room home in Dunfermline, Scotland, in 1835. However, the Carnegies fell into poverty when the process of weaving fabric was automated in the 1840s. When Andrew was 13 years old, the family moved to Allegheny, Pennsylvania, at the direction of Carnegie's independent mother. After finishing what little formal schooling he had, he found employment as a bobbin boy in a cotton mill. The great industrial and financial titans, the so-called robber barons, included railroad operators like Cornelius Vanderbilt, oilmen like J. D. Rockefeller, steel magnates like Andrew Carnegie, and bankers like J. P. Morgan, and they amassed fortunes that, when adjusted for inflation, are still among the largest.

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Dostoevsky, Notes from Underground
Liza's most cherished possession is:

A) a jewelry box
B) a love letter
C) a puppy
D) a locket

Answers

Answer:

b) a love letter

EXPLANATION: The intensity of her desire to escape is seen in her revealing the existence and contents of the letter from the smitten medical student. This is her most prized possession. To show it to the Underground Man affirms the power of his speech on her. The irony of the situation, however, is that the letter shows that she can evoke genuine feelings for love from others, whereas the Underground Man is incapable of communicating with another person. As the Underground Man leaves, Liza is left alone with her prized treasure, but the Underground Man is also alone — exhausted and bewildered and solitary, he must walk home through the snow.

You need to develop a long form essay (don’t worry about the length, worry about the quality of the content you produce). In that essay (replete with paragraphs!!!) you need to examine US imperialism during the latter part of the 19th Century. Why, where and how did it occur? Include events, people, and the causes of the moves by America to establish itself as a world power.

Answers

The develop  essay that examine US imperialism during the latter part of the 19th Century is given below.

US imperialism during the latter part of the 19th Century

The latter part of the 19th century was a time of great expansion and change for the United States. During this period, the country began to assert itself as a world power and expand its influence both domestically and internationally. This process, known as imperialism, was driven by a combination of economic, political, and ideological factors.

One of the main causes of American imperialism in the late 19th century was the country's rapidly growing industrial economy. As American industry expanded, it required new markets to sell its goods and new sources of raw materials to feed its factories. This led to a push for expansion and the acquisition of new territories, both within the continental United States and overseas.

One of the key events that marked the emergence of the United States as a world power was the Spanish-American War of 1898. The war, which was sparked by the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor, resulted in the United States gaining control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

Some of the key figures associated with American imperialism during this period include President William McKinley and Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt. President McKinley, who served from 1897 to 1901, oversaw the Spanish-American War.

In conclusion, American imperialism during the latter part of the 19th century was driven by a combination of economic, political, and ideological factors. The push for expansion was driven by the country's rapidly growing industrial economy, the idea of manifest destiny, and the desire to establish itself as a world power.

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Public policy witch two headings correctly complete this chart

Answers

Public policy with two heading that complete the chart is social policies , ways policies are influenced.

Option B is correct.

What is public policy primary function?

Public policy plays a crucial role in making people's lives better and ensuring that goods and services are delivered. It is also regarded as a method for developing the economic-social system, a method for determining the future, and so on.

How do public policies work?

A government's set of plans, regulations, and actions is called public policy. The frequency with which state agencies now perform these functions rather than the state itself raises concerns about the new structure of government. In his 1956 book "The Decision Process:," political scientist Harold Lasswell first introduced the idea of "the policy cycle." Seven Categories of Functional Analysis," which has since established itself as a well-known method for comprehending and influencing public policy.

The following is a fundamental order, despite the fact that descriptions of specific stages can vary: agenda formulation, policy design, justification, execution, and evaluation.

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the______,an Indigenous group living in what now is California, created
cave paintings still seen today.
A. Karuk
B. Chumash
C. Mojave
D. Pomo

Answers

The Chumash. The Chumash were an Indigenous group living in what is now California who created cave paintings that are still seen today. Option B is the correct answer.

In addition to cave paintings, the Chumash also created intricate basketry, which was highly valued by other tribes in the region. They also developed a complex trading network that allowed them to obtain valuable resources from other groups in the area, such as obsidian and shell beads.

The Chumash were known for their seafaring skills and developed an advanced system of navigation that allowed them to travel long distances along the coast in their plank canoes. They also had a rich spiritual tradition that included a reverence for the natural world and a belief in the importance of maintaining balance and harmony with the environment.

Today, the Chumash continue to be an important part of California's cultural landscape. Many of their traditions and practices have been passed down through the generations, and efforts are being made to preserve their language and cultural heritage. The Chumash also continue to be active in environmental advocacy and other issues affecting their communities.

Therefore the correct answer is option B.

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why did stalin start the great purge?

Answers

Answer:

The political purge was primarily an effort by Stalin to eliminate challenge from past and potential opposition groups, including the left and right wings led by Leon Trotsky and Nikolai Bukharin, respectively.

Which of the following choices is one of the four P's of marketing?
00
product
protest
provision
planning

Answers

The 4 P’s of marketing include Price, Place, Promotion, and Product. Therefore you’re answer will be product.

"The country has begun to show signs of antagonism to expansion. The glamour of adding
foreign colonies to our home territory dazzled the people, highly strung by brilliant victories
over Spain: and at first the imperialistic idea took possession of them. But, since they have
had time to meditate on the matter, the glamour has, to a large extent, died away; and, having
begun to weigh the disadvantages of the acquisition of such territory as the Philippines
against the glory of the possession, they are inclining to change their minds and to believe
that we'd be better without the encumbrance of these Pacific isles, with their hordes of semi-
savages."

Question 1: Explain why a historian might not think that this passage reflects the American
public's mood regarding overseas expansion at the time?

Answers

Answer:

Manifest Destiny

Overseas expansion forced America to confront conflicting sides of its collective personality — one championing self-determination, the right of people to rule themselves — rooted in its own emancipation from British rule in the late 18th century; the other based on its own sense of mission to spread its way of life and need for economic growth.

Nineteenth-century expansion played out under the ideological cloak of Manifest Destiny, the belief that God destined white Protestants to dominate inferior Indians, Mexicans, and Asians. Senator and historian Albert Beveridge said, “God has marked the American people as His chosen nation to finally lead in the regeneration of the world. This is the divine mission of America, and it holds for us all the profit, all the glory, all the happiness possible to man.” His message echoed a sense of mission and prerogative that traced back to 17th-century Puritans, and one that resonates with many Americans today. While religious nationalism might sound chauvinistic to some by today’s standards, keep in mind that most powerful empires believe God likes them better than others

Hawaii

With their expert knowledge of currents, stars, and wind, Polynesians from Marquesas and Raiatea migrated to the Hawaiian Islands in double-hulled voyaging canoes sometime around 500 CE. They brought with them the fishing and farming techniques, language, religion, social hierarchy, tools, and outrigger canoes common to what’s now French Polynesia. Another wave from Bora Bora and Tahiti settled in the 11th century. Following the same currents, British explorer and naval captain James Cook visited Oahu and Kauai in 1778 on his Third Voyage.

Japan & Korea

Further west, the U.S. had no pretensions of taking over Japan the way it had Hawaii. As mentioned above, the U.S. fleet of four warships under Matthew Perry sailed into Edo Harbor (Tokyo) in 1853 more in search of trade than territory. They also hoped to build coaling stations for the steamships Japanese called the “giant, dragons puffing smoke.” There wasn’t a lot of dialog at first other than the unspoken gunboat message. Perry just presented a letter (in English) from President Millard Fillmore demanding that Japan open its ports for trade and returned in 1854 with more ships. Japanese were divided amongst themselves during the Bakumatsu era of transition and factionalism between traditional shogunate rulers and ishin shishi that wanted to expand through more Western-style imperialism. The island had been mostly closed off to the outside world for centuries, other than a small island port at Dejima opened to Dutch trade.

Other Questions
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