The factors that influence the amount of rainfall that becomes runoff are the nature of the ground surface, the rate of rainfall and the slope of the land. (Option D)
Surface runoff, also known as overland flow, refers to the water discharged which occurs on the ground surface when excessive water from rainwater, stormwater, meltwater, or other sources, saturates the ground up to a point that water can no longer be sufficiently and rapidly infiltrate in the soil. In order words, when rainfall exceeds the soil infiltration rate, surface runoff happens. Factors affecting runoff include rainfall intensity, ground water storage capacity, slope of the ground, and infiltration rate.
Note: The question is incomplete as it is missing options which are A) nature of the ground surface. B) rate of rainfall. C) slope of the land. D) all of the above.
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Describe the three main types of tectonic plate boundaries. (site 1)
The three main types of tectonic plate boundaries are - Divergent,
Convergent, and Transform.
Tectonic plate boundary:
The tectonic plate boundary is a particular kind of earth lithosphere plate with a slab-like shape. Oceanic and continental lithosphere make up the majority of the tectonic plate. The tectonic plate is huge, and its boundaries are located between two or more other plates.
There are three different kinds of tectonic plate boundaries, which are as follows:
1) Convergent: The term "convergent" refers to the movement of tectonic plates toward one another.
2) Divergent: When the boundaries of the tectonic plates are separated.
3) Transform: A tectonic plate is said to transform when two or more plates are in close proximity to one another.
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the gravitational field strenght on the moon is 1.63n/kg. if a rock on the moon weights 2000n, how much does the same rock weigh on the earth?
Newtons per kilogram (N/kg) is used to measure the gravitational field strength (g). At or near the surface, the gravitational field strength of the Earth is 10 N/kg. This implies that an item will experience 10 N of force for every kilogram of mass.
The weight of an object is smaller if the gravitational field is weaker. The Moon, for instance, has a gravitational field that is 1.6 N/kg strong. This indicates that an object will encounter 1.6 N of force for every kilogram of mass. An astronaut will therefore be lighter on the Moon than they are on Earth.
Weight is the gravitational force exerted on an object; it is measured in newtons (N) and is directed toward the gravitational field's center. A spring balance, which is frequently referred to as a newton meter and is calibrated in Newton, can be used to determine an object's weight.
Due to the fact that weight is indeed a non-contact force since gravity operates through a field, An object can have a weight even if it is not in contact with the ground. as "The moon has six times the gravitational pull of the earth".
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2. In 2019, how much did the U.S. government spend on renewable energy subsidies?
O$16 billion
O $14 billion
O$7 billion
$10 billion
A total of $16 billion in subsidies were given by the American government for renewable energy. As a result, the best course of action is to select option (A).
What is renewable energy?Renewable energy is defined as energy produced from natural resources that replenish themselves more quickly than they are consumed. Sun and wind are two examples of such sources that are constantly supplied. We are surrounded by a variety of renewable energy sources.
On the other hand, non-renewable resources that take hundreds of millions of years to form are fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas. When energy is produced from fossil fuels, harmful greenhouse gas emissions, notably carbon dioxide, are generated.
As a result, choice (A) is a proper approach.
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what will the distribution of continents look like 100 million years from now, assuming the present rate and direction of continental movement?
The continents' distribution in 100 million years, assuming the present rate and direction of their movement, may look like the attached image below. The hypothetical landmass is called Amasia.
100 million years from now, the face of the Earth will be very different from what we see now. Because of the continental movement, it has been hypothesized that a supercontinent composed of the merger of Asia and North America will form. This prediction is mostly based on the current fact that the Pacific Plate is subducting under Eurasia and North America, pushing the North America westward. This hypothetical supercontinent is called Amasia.
The attached image below shows Amasia, the name of the hypothetical supercontinent that might form 100 million years from now as a result of continental movement. The image is made by Mitchell et al. Nature.
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Rank the following types of igneous rocks according to silica composition, with the highest. 1.) felsic 2.) intermediate 3.) mafic 4.) ultramafic.
Felsic, intermediate, mafic and ultramafic are types of igneous rocks according to silica composition, with the highest
Based on their chemical makeup, igneous rocks can be categorized into four groups: felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic. The quantity of various minerals that igneous rocks contain determines the names given to them.
The term an igneous rock receives also depends on whether it cools on Earth's surface following a volcano eruption or cools inside the planet (intrusive or plutonic igneous rock). Depending on their precise composition, magmas with a composition in between these two end members are categorized as intermediate or mafic. In general, an element can categorize igneous rocks by the proportions of bright and dark minerals without actually needing to know the specifics of the chemical composition.
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what will happen when the glacier retreats, allowing the two populations to come back together (secondary contact)? be sure to account for all possible outcomes.
Based on the question, the things that will happen when the glacier retreats and allows both populations to have secondary contact are:
If enough time has passed, each species will be very different and will be unable to mate with each other. If this happens, they may either compete against each other or simply occupy different niches.They will still be similar and still able to mate with each other. If this happens, they will become one species again.Secondary contact is a process in which two populations of a species are geographically reunited after being separated. This contact allows the exchange of genes between the two populations.
The question above isn't complete, but most likely the completed version is as follows:
Suppose a bird population that qualifies as a single species according to the Biological Species Concept is separated into 2 isolated populations by an advancing glacier during an Ice Age. What will happen when the glacier retreats, allowing the 2 populations to come back together (secondary contact)? Be sure to account for all possible outcomes.
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of the three assumptions of a climate envelope model mentioned in the video, which is the safest to assume in the short term?
The correct option is c. The safest assumption of a climate envelope model is that Biotic interactions between species will not change.
In order to identify a species' climate niche, climate envelope models depict correlations between species distributions and bioclimate factors. Estimates of expected climate change can be used to extrapolate relationships generated from current data. In order to produce spatially detailed forecasts of possible distribution, climate envelope models, a subset of the larger family of species distribution models, connect species presence or abundance with climate factors. Because it identifies important connections between change-causing factors and pertinent responses, climate envelope modelling is one sort of modelling that can be helpful in understanding how species and habitats react to climate change.
Of the three assumptions of a climate envelope model mentioned in the video, which is the safest to assume in the short term?
a) Adaptation does not occur
b) No barriers prevent dispersal
c) Biotic interactions between species will not change
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For this topic, you will choose one (1) topic from the attached list and construct one one-page concept sketch. Remember that a concept sketch consists of a sketch (or series of sketches), labels, and complete sentences written around the sketch describing the important processes or parts of the sketch. Oil and gas of the Paradox Basin: the location and age of the basin, its interpreted tectonic setting, the sequence of rocks, and the origin and geologic trapping of petroleum Oil and gas of the Permian Basin: the location and age of the basin, its interpreted tectonic setting, the sequence of rocks, and the origin and geologic trapping of petroleum Limestone resources of the southwest United States: the location, age, and formation names of the main sources of limestone used in the production of cement and lime in Arizona, Utah, Nevada, and southern California
Rocks with a hornfels texture are typically found in the region of contact metamorphism, a type of temperature-dependent metamorphism in which pressure has little or no impact.
Contact metamorphism (also known as thermal metamorphism) occurs when rock is heated by the intrusion of hot magma.
The dark grey rock in this photo is an intrusion (a sill) between layers of paler grey limestone. The limestone has been altered to form white marble just above and below the intrusion.
Contact Metamorphism can happen on scales ranging from a few millimeters on either side of a small intrusion to several hundred meters around a large igneous body like a batholith.
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In 2 to 3 sentences explain why there are water issues in the Neskantaga First Nation.
Gad water it's just the conditions
Select the correct answer. which of these processes was able to occur in earth’s early lithosphere before living organisms existed? a. corrosion of metals b. oxidation of minerals c. erosion of soil d. combustion of fuels
The processes was able to occur in earth's early lithosphere before living organisms existed is c. erosion of soil.
Prior to the existence of living things, soil erosion was possible in the early lithosphere of the earth. The soil's topsoil, which is closest to the land's surface, is a vital source of nutrients for crops. Erosion caused by wind and water is most dangerous to this stratum of soil. Reduced soil fertility due to erosion can have a detrimental impact on agricultural output.
The continuous loss of topsoil is referred to as soil erosion. Because it includes the most natural, nutrient-rich elements, topsoil is the best and most abundant layer of soil. Water erosion, or the loss of topsoil as a result of water, is one of the main causes of soil erosion.
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These isolated boulders were carried in glacial ice and then left on the landscape once the ice melted. They are called.
Isolated boulders were carried in glacial ice and then left on the landscape once the ice melted. They are called erratics.
What are erratics?Glacial erratics are rocks that have been deposited by glaciers yet are distinct from the surrounding rock type. Erratics—named for the Latin word erratics—are transported by glacial ice over vast distances, frequently of the order of hundreds of kilometers.
Rock fragments can be picked up by glaciers and carried over great distances. They are frequently far from the outcropping or rock from that they were extracted when they dump these rocks. Glacial erratics are the name given to these rocks. Erratics serve as a log of a glacier's journey.
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porous, water-saturated layers of underground bedrock, sand, and gravel that can yield economically significant amounts of water are referred to as: a. leachates. b. aquifers. c. surface water. d. groundwater.
Porous, water-saturated layers of underground bedrock, sand, and gravel that can yield economically significant amounts of water are referred to as aquifers
Aquifers are subterranean formations of bedrock, sand, and gravel saturated with water that can economically produce significant amounts of water.
What is Real Bedrock?Bedrock is solid rock that lies beneath surface soil or gravel. Sand and other layers on the seabed are also supported by bedrock. Consolidated rock, or bedrock, is solid and strongly bonded rock. Loose-grained unconsolidated rock is often found as subsoil.
Is bedrock really rock?The bedrock that balances the earth's crust is solid rock. While the entire state is covered by bedrock, Maine is mostly covered by a layer of surface sediment, soil, and vegetation.
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if you know that the chuckanut formation was deposited sometime during the tertiary (66-2.6 million years before present), then based on this climate reconstruction data, which hypothesis is true?
Once upon a time, the Seattle area had a climate warm enough to support several tree species. The Chuckanut rock ended up where it is today as a result.
Why is the weather significant?Longer periods of time in one location have a Mediterranean climate. A description of such an environment includes specifics like the usual temperature for each season, how much precipitation there is, and how much sunlight there is.
Why does the weather matter?The weather has an effect on almost every aspect of our lives, including the places we go on vacation, the food we eat, the transportation we use, and the clothes we wear. It has a huge impact on life expectancy, our pleasure, and our ability to survive. The climate is the long-term pattern of heat in any certain location.
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a seismic station recorded an earthquake that was 4,000 km away. what was the travel time difference between p-wave arrival and s-wave arrival in seconds?
A seismic station 4,000 kilometers distant noted the earthquake. The time gap between the arrival of the P-wave and the arrival of the S-wave was 320 seconds.
Please refer to the attached picture below. The graph indicates that the P-wave will reach the seismic station in 7 minutes. P-wave extrapolation stops at a vertical time scale cutoff of 7 minutes. At 12 min. 20 sec., the S-wave will reach the seismic station.
On the vertical scale, one minute is split into three segments. Thus, each segment will last 20 seconds.
So, travel time difference = S wave arrival - P wave arrival
= 12 minutes 20 seconds - 7 minutes
= 5 minutes 20 seconds
We know that 1 minute = 60 seconds
So, 5 minutes = 5 × 60
= 300 seconds
Consequently, the distance between the arrival of P wave and the arrival of S-wave = 300 seconds + 20 seconds
= 320 seconds
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In order to correctly rank the events in the Grand Canyon scene in Part A, it is necessary to apply several geologic laws. From the list below, please select only the laws that are used to determine the order of events in the photograph in Part A.
Select all that apply.
View Available Hint(s)
Select all that apply.
The Law of Inclusions
The Law of Cross-Cutting
The Law of Lateral Continuity
The Law of Original Horizontality
The Law of Superposition
The correct answer is The Law of Original Horizontality. It is necessary to apply several geologic laws.
Sediment is deposited horizontally, according to the original horizontality concept. With liquids, it can be sometimes simpler to picture this: picture pouring water into a cup. The water's surface is absolutely horizontal and flat. That water stays flat when you pour it into a bowl. According to the Law of Original Horizontality, all rock layers were initially deposited horizontally and are therefore susceptible to deformation. This enables us to deduce that for the rocks to be slanted, something must have happened to them. This comprises quakes, faulting, and mountain-building activities.
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when do rocks along a fault have the highest amount of stress and stored elastic strain? multiple choice right before an earthquake several weeks or months after an earthquake none of the choices are correct. because rocks cannot behave in an elastic manner right after an earthquake
The correct response to the question is "just before an earthquake," when rocks around a fault have the maximum levels of strain or absorbed elastic strain.
Explain what rocks are.According to geology, a rock is just a naturally occurring material made up of crystalline crystals of ore deposits that have fused to together form a solid mass. The minerals might not even have formed simultaneously.
How are rocks used?They are a part of daily life and aid in the development of new technology. We use mineral deposits for things like construction, cosmetics, transportation, infrastructure, and appliances.
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mature sedimentary grains are... select all that apply. group of answer choices poorly sorted well rounded well sorted larger in size angular small in size
The correct answer is option C.
In sedimentary rocks, mature sedimentary grains are well sorted.
What are sedimentary grains?Sedimentary grains are units of sedimentary rocks and mature sedimentary grains are well-sorted because they have a uniform appearance.
More specifically, these grains are well rounded and are of similar size and shape, and also exhibit similar composition with a little variation in their appearance.
On the contrary, immature grains have a variety of shapes and sizes and are more rounded, and show a diverse composition with a large degree of variation.
Simply put, the chemical composition of sedimentary grains shows that they are either organic or inorganic material that is formed as a result of weathering of rock fragments and are carried away and deposited by wind and water, etc.
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rare earth elements are considered to be strategic mineral resources. what is meant by strategic minerals, and why are rare earth elements considered strategic minerals?
Strategic minerals are those that are important for both a nation's socioeconomic development and strengthening its defenses.
Strategic minerals are those required to meet a country's military, industrial, and basic needs during times of crisis. Typically, these minerals are imported from nations with an abundance of them when domestic production cannot meet demand.
The earth's crust contains many rare earth minerals, which are not particularly rare. The reason why these metals are referred to as rare is that it is challenging to extract the metals from the ore. Rarely do rare earth metals exist pure. It is exceedingly expensive to mine for rare earth metals.
The Earth's crust's rarest naturally occurring element is Astatine. The chemical element astatine has the atomic number 85 and is represented by the symbol At.
Because they serve as the foundation for many modern technologies and are crucial to both economic growth and national security, rare elements are referred to as strategic minerals.
Hence, rare elements are regarded as strategic minerals.
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where is the earth's crust the thickest? a below the continents b beneath the oceans c below the equator d below the north pole
Answer: Below the continents
Explanation: The Earth's crust is the outermost layer of the Earth and is made up of solid rock. It is thickest below the continents, where it can be up to 100 km (62 miles) thick. Beneath the oceans, the Earth's crust is thinner, only about 5-10 km (3-6 miles) thick. The thickness of the crust does not vary significantly based on location relative to the equator or the north pole.
overturn occurs after ice melts and water at 4 0c rises, while a blank is the area of a lake in summer where the water temperature changes abruptly due to thermal stratification.
In temperate lakes, a spring capsize occurs after ice melts and water at 4 0C rises, while a thermocline is the area of a lake in summer where the water temperature changes suddenly due to thermal position.
The subcaste that separates warmer face mixed water from cooler deep water is known as a thermocline.
Water bodies correspond of layers that vary in consistence grounded on temperature. The epipelagic zone, also known as the" ocean skin" or the" sun zone," is the topmost subcaste of the ocean's face. The commerce of this subcaste with the wind and swells mixes the water and disperses the heat. The thermocline is located at this subcaste's base. The subcaste that lies between the face's warmer mixed water and its cooler depths is known as a thermocline. In a body of water, the thermocline can generally be linked by the unforeseen temperature change that occurs.
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Complete question:
In temperate lakes, a ______ overturn occurs after ice melts and water at 4 0C rises, while a ______ is the area of a lake in summer where the water temperature changes abruptly due to thermal stratification.
4. imagine a large complex of thunderstorms forms near champaign, il. from what body of water did the water vapor come from that supplied the moisture for these storms?
Imagine a large complex of thunderstorms formed near Springfield, MO. From Gulf of Mexico did the water vapor come from that supplied the moisture for these storms.
The coastal zone, the continental shelf, the continental slope, and the abyssal plain are the main ecological and geologic provinces of the Gulf of Mexico. Sand beaches, mangrove-covered areas, tidal marshes, and numerous bays, estuaries, and lagoons make up the coastal zone. The continental shelf creates an almost continuous terrace around the gulf's edge, with a maximum width of more than 200 miles (320 km) and a minimum width of roughly 25 miles. The continental shelf is a large region made up primarily of carbonate material that extends offshore of both the Yucatán Peninsula and Florida's west coast. Sand, silt, and clay sediments make up the remaining portion of the shelf.
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examine the figure. of the three forms of hard stabilization illustrated here, which one is the groin?
The correct answer is Hard stabilization is the use of human-made structures to prevent coastal erosion.
Rocks, soils, and/or sands near the coast are worn down or carried away by the process of coastal erosion, which is brought on by local sea level rise, powerful wave action, and coastal flooding. As a result of the action of waves, currents, tides, wind-driven water, waterborne ice, or other storm-related effects, coastal erosion is the loss or displacement of land as well as the long-term removal of silt and rocks along the coastline.The last main erosional process is known as hydraulic action, and it involves erosion brought on by the power of a water body. Rocks are forced toward the ocean as a result of the shock wave pressure that separates them from their source. Stacks, sea caves, and sea arches are common formations along coastlines that have undergone erosion.
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Which description best presents the arrangement of continents, oceans, and landforms according to the theory of plate tectonics? question 3 options: oceans eroding along different paths within a single continent over millions of years, causing it to break up several divisions of two original continents over millions of years large pieces of pangaea drifted in different directions over millions of years the motion of lithospheric plates over millions of years
The description which best presents the arrangement of continents, oceans, and landforms according to the theory of plate tectonics is the motion of lithospheric plates over millions of years.
A tectonic plate, sometimes referred to as a lithospheric plate, is a sizable (enormous), solid rock slab with an uneven shape that is typically composed of two (2) primary plates: Continental dinnerware, marine plates.
According to the idea of plate tectonics, the solid outer crust of Earth (lithosphere) is separated into enormous slabs of solid rock (plates), which normally migrate through the asthenosphere over millions of years, including the upper part of the mantle. We can infer from the theory of plate tectonics that the movement of lithospheric plates over millions of years is what led to the arrangement of continents, oceans, and landforms.
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after viewing the map on canada's forest regions (figure 5-13 page 113) what trends do you notice in terms of the location of sawmills and pulp and paper mills and the distribution of the majority of canada's population
The trends in the distribution of Canada's majority population, and the location of the sawmills and pulp and paper mills is that they are located in areas that have forests.
How is Canada's population distributed?Canada is one of the largest nations in the world when it comes to landmass but there are parts of Canada that are not occupied by many people. This is because a lot of Northern Canada is basically frozen and would therefore be a difficult place to live for anyone.
This is why most of Canada's population is located in the South, where the climates are not as cold, and there are natural resources like forests. It is these forests that sawmills settle next to, as shown by the map of Canada's forest regions. We see saw mills in higher quantities in Cordilleran forests than any other place.
Pulp and paper mill factories on the other hand, see, to prefer Boreal forests.
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how does the inward drop in air pressure cause heat to be added to a hurricane that is over the ocean?
Once an air parcel reaches the hurricane's eyewall, it turns upward and rises due to a process called convection.
The inward drop in air pressure in a hurricane allows inward flowing air to cool below the sea-surface temperature, which in turn allows more heat to flow in from the sea.
Due to low pressure at its center, twists stream toward the focal point of the tempest and air is constrained vertical. High in the climate, winds stream away from the tempest, which permits additional air from underneath to rise. The air that ascents should be warm and wet so it frames the billows of the tempest.
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most earthquakes occur at depths of: multiple choice 100-700 km. less than 100 km. greater than 100 km.
Most earthquakes occur at depths of less than 100 km. As most of the earthquakes restricted to this depth only except the deep focus earthquake at trench.
Earthquakes happen in the crust or upper mantle, which extends from the surface of the planet to a depth of around 800 kilometers (about 500 miles).The intensity of shaking at the surface from an earthquake that happens at 500 km depth is significantly less than if the same earthquake had occurred at 20 km depth because the intensity of shaking from an earthquake weakens with increasing distance from the earthquake's source.Additionally, we can learn a lot about the tectonic environment and the structure of the Earth from the depths at which earthquakes occur. The subduction zones, where plates collide and one plate is subducted beneath another, are the most obvious examples of this. We can see specifics of the structure of a subduction zone, such as how steeply it is dipping and whether the down-going plate is planar or bending, by carefully plotting the location and depth of earthquakes associated with the zone. The mechanics and characteristics of the deformation in the subduction zone are revealed by these specifics, which are significant because they provide us with knowledge of their nature.Learn more about Earthquakes, here
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e15. create a dictionary animals that maps each type of animal to an inner dictionary which includes the count of that animal type labelled count, the adoption fee labelled fee, and a list of the names of the animals labelled names.
The correct answer is labelled count the adoption fee labelled fee, and a list of the names of the animals labelled names.
The technique of cartographic labeling involves aligning text on a map with map symbols to represent attributes and features of the real world. Put the name of each state next to it and connect the name to the state with a leader line. You can choose to use the state's abbreviation, as some mapmakers do. As a result, there is more space to include other characteristics, such as cities and other geographic elements.Launch the map viewer, select Details, then select Contents. Navigate to the sublayer containing the elements you want to label.
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___ are based on connections. They are organized around a focal point and including the areas linked to the focus through patterns of trade,communication, and/or transportation routes.
Functional regions are based on connections. They are organized around a focal point and including the areas linked to the focus through patterns of trade, communication, and/or transportation routes.
What is Functional regions aboutA functional region is a predetermined geographic area with a predetermined focal point and function.
In geography, a functional region is a space dominated by a node, focal point, or central hub and enclosed by interconnected links. The principal node in a functional region features neighboring areas with shared social, political, or economic functions that relate to transportation, trade, communications.
Hence, it is a region with a main purpose that is built around a certain activity. For whatever function or activity the functional region is concerned with, there is typically a central hub or point of distribution within the region.
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Functional regions are based on connections. They are organized around a focal point and including the areas linked to the focus through patterns of trade, communication, and/or transportation routes.
What is Functional regions about?A functional region is a predetermined geographic area with a predetermined focal point and function.
In geography, a functional region is a space dominated by a node, focal point, or central hub and enclosed by interconnected links. The principal node in a functional region features neighboring areas with shared social, political, or economic functions that relate to transportation, trade, communications.
Hence, it is a region with a main purpose that is built around a certain activity. For whatever function or activity the functional region is concerned with, there is typically a central hub or point of distribution within the region.
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oil and gas of the paradox basin: the location and age of the basin, its interpreted tectonic setting, the sequence of rocks, and the origin and geologic trapping of petroleum oil and gas of the permian basin: the location and age of the basin, its interpreted tectonic setting, the sequence of rocks, and the origin and geologic trapping of petroleum limestone resources of the southwest united states: the location, age, and formation names of the main sources of limestone used in the production of cement and lime in arizona, utah, nevada, and southern california
According to the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, the larger Permian Basin is responsible for almost 40% of the nation's total oil production and nearly 15% of its natural gas production.
And the Delaware Basin alone offers a sizable amount of prospective expansion. The Delaware Basin in West Texas and Southern New Mexico has the potential to generate 281 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and 46.3 billion barrels of oil, according to a 2018 estimate by the U.S. Geological Survey. In fact, the Permian Basin is a significant and lucrative supply of domestic natural gas and oil. But according to the most recent geological evaluations and American energy use, Permian oil reserves are not expected to last Americans for 200 years.
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What are the four classes of large organic molecules important to life on earth?.
There are four classes of large organic molecules important to life on Earth—carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
They carry out the chemical processes necessary for life and build the cells of an organism. All of these molecules contain carbon, which is the fundamental component of life and is referred to as a biomolecule since it is a component of living matter. Because all living things contain carbon, organic substances are crucial. They are the fundamental elements that drive many cycles that shape the planet. Consider the carbon cycle, which involves the exchange of carbon between plants and animals during photosynthesis and cell respiration. Carbon atoms are joined to other atoms, such as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, to form organic molecules. The four categories of organic molecules found in the human body are lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Energy is generated through the consumption of carbohydrates.
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