The energy can be described when we involve The spring and the block.
What is energy?We know that energy is the ability to do work. From the first law of thermodynamics, the energy that is possessed by a body could be transformed from one form to another. As such, energy can not be created nor destroyed in a system.
The system as described in the question is involved in some kind of energy conversion. In this case, a compressed spring launches a block up an incline. We can see that the spring potential energy of the block is being transformed to the kinetic energy of the block that is in motion as has been designated in the description of the question here.
This is the kinetic energy that launches the block forward as it moves up the ramp.
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Missing parts
A compressed spring launches a block up an incline.
Which objects should be included within the system in order to make an energy analysis as easy as possible?
Check all that apply.
Spring
Ramp
Air
Block
Earth
determine the number of conducting electrons per cubic meter for copper, given that its electron mobility is 3 × 10-3 m2/v-s.
The number of conducting electrons per cubic meter for copper, given that its electron mobility is 3 × 10-3 m2/v-s is 1.20 × 10⁷ electrons/ m³.
Electron mobility characterizes how fast an electron (or charged carrier) can pass through a stable fabric (e.g. metals or semiconductors), whilst pulled by means of an electric subject.
Calculation:-
resistivity of the copper (p) = 1.73 × 10⁸ Ωm
η = σ/μe
Here, σ = electrical conductivity
σ = 1/ρ
e = charge on electrons = 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹
μ = mobilty of electrons
n = σ/μe
n = 1/ρμe
n = 1/8.304 × 10⁻⁸
n = 10⁸/8.304
n = 1.20 × 10⁷ electrons/ m³
Mobility is described as the potential for motion and the potential to get from one region to another using one or extra modes of delivery to satisfy every day needs. As such, it differs from accessibility, which refers back to the ability to get entry to or attain a desired provider or activity.
Mobility is officially described as the fee of the glide pace in keeping with unit of electric field strength; for that reason, the faster the particle actions at a given electric field strength, the larger the mobility. The mobility of a particular sort of particle in a given stable can also vary with temperature.
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the maximum speed of a child on a swing is 4.9 m/s. the child's height above the ground is 0.70 m at the lowest point in his motion. how high above the ground is he at his highest point
The Maximum Height attained by speed of child is 1.2005m.
A child on a swing can go no faster than 4.9 m/s.At the lowest point of his motion, the child is 0 m above the ground.Concept : Using the law of conservation of energy the child's kinetic energy at the lowest point was converted to potential energy at the highest point.let's calculate the distance between the child's motion's lowest and highest points.
Acceleration due to gravity will be taken as 10 approximately.
[tex]H=h+ℎ\\\\ℎ=0.70 m\\\\h=\frac{V^2}{2g} \\\\h=\frac{4.9^2}{20} \\\\h=1.2005m[/tex]
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a box starts from rest and slides down an incline that is 10m long. At the bottom it is travelling at a speed of 5.0m/s. If the incline makes an angle of 20 degrees with respect to the horizontal, what is the coefficient of friction between box and incline
0.15,0.23,0.31,0.40,0.37
a box starts from rest and slides down an incline that is 10m long. At the bottom it is travelling at a speed of 5.0m/s. If the incline makes an angle of 20 degrees with respect to the horizontal, then the coefficient of friction between box and incline is 0.23.
Coefficient of friction is a measure of the amount of friction existing between two surfaces. When you find a coefficient of friction, you’re calculating the resistance to motion at the interface of two surfaces of similar or dissimilar materials. To find the coefficient of friction between box and incline, first we need to under the free body diagram of box, so the box is sliding downward and the friction is acting opposite to the motion. From this we conclude that-
mgsinθ - fN = ma
where f= frictional force acting between the box and the incline
N= normal force action on the box
a= acceleration
To find acceleration of the box, we know
v² - u² = 2as
(5m/s)² - 0² = 2xax10m
as u= initial velocity i.e. box is at rest
25 = 20xa
a = 1.25m/s²
as we know -
f = uN
where u = coefficient of friction between box and the incline
u = (mgsinθ - ma) / mgcosθ
u = tanθ - a/gcosθ
u = tan(20°) - 1.25/gcos(20°)
u = 0.36 - 1.25/9.81*0.939
u = 0.225 or 0.23
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A man whose mass is 74.7 kg runs up a flight of stairs and has a vertical gain of 19.9 m in a time of 12.5 s.
a. What power, in watts, is supplied by the force pushing up on the man? (Ignore gains or losses in kinetic energy.)
b. Suppose the man’s body is 41.2% efficient, so that just 41.2% of the energy supplied by his body is converted into mechanical power. How much total power is expended by his body, in watts? (P=___W)
What amount of power, measured in watts, is provided by the force pushing up on the man? (Ignore gains or losses in kinetic energy). His body uses up a total of 2828.74 W h of energy.
An object's kinetic energy is the energy it has as a result of motion. Is called as kinetic energy. Applying force is necessary if we wish to accelerate an object. We have to put forth work to apply a force. An influence that can alter an object's motion is called a force. A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity, or accelerate (for example, moving from a condition of rest).
Power P is the product of work done (W) and time spent (t), or (74.7)(9.8)(19.9)/12.5) = 1165.44 W
Let his body's power consumption be P' We have (0.412)
P' = P
P' = P/0.412 = (1165.44/0.412) = 2828.74 W
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I need help
Tell us what activity is engaged in malala yousafiza what he is fighting for. Her life.
What a reward she got.
Express opinions about it
Answer:
the activity in this is not an easy way to do it in my mind and the heart of the city is not a bad day to get to a new report from the University of Texas I think that it was not until you are looking for a way that it would have been a great job in the world and is not intended to limit the scope of this invention to provide a method and system and a lot of people are going to get.
an 8.0-newton wooden block slides across a horizontal wooden floor at constant velocity. what is the magnitude of the force of kinetic friction between the block and the floor?
The magnitude of the force of kinetic friction between the block and the floor is 2.4 N.
Kinetic friction is defined as the force that acts between moving surfaces.
A body moving on a surface is acted upon by a force in the opposite direction to its motion. The magnitude of the force will depend on the coefficient of kinetic friction μ between the two materials.Formula for kinetic friction is F_k = μ × NBlock weight = 8 Newton
Velocity of the block = Constant velocity
Assuming the kinetic friction for wood, μ = 0.3, we have;
Normal reaction of the block on horizontal ground, N = Weight of the block = 8 N
Kinetic friction force between, F_k = μ × N
Therefore, we must;
The kinetic frictional force between the block and the floor, F_k = 0.3 × 8 F_k = 2.4 N.
The magnitude of the force of kinetic friction between the block and the floor is 2.4 N.
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A force is applied to stop a moving shopping cart. explain how increasing the time of impact would change the force required to stop the cart. enter your answer in the space provided.
By increasing the time of impact a smaller amount of force would be required to stop the cart. The force of the impact decreases as the impact of time increases. Therefore, the force on the body decreases as time increases with a constant change in momentum.
What is force?The push or pull on a massed object changes its velocity is defined as force. An external force is an agent that has the power to alter the resting or moving condition of a body. It has a direction and a magnitude.
Force = Mass × Acceleration
How is force related to change in time?The change in momentum over time is measured by force. In real life, when a force is applied to an object, it accelerates and rises in velocity, which increases the momentum of the object.
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how does greek mythology •how does it describe what is seen in the night sky (stars, meteors, comets, etc.)?
The appearance of comets, meteors, and meteor showers was seen by the Greeks and Romans as portentous. They indicated either positive or negative events that had occurred or were about to occur.
Define greek mythology
Greek mythology is a significant area of classical mythology and a category of Ancient Greek folklore. It is a collection of myths that were first narrated by the Ancient Greeks. These tales discuss the beginning and nature of the world, the lives and exploits of gods, heroes, and other mythical beings, as well as the genesis and import of the ancient Greeks' own cult and ritual traditions.
Around the world and throughout time, comets have caused dread, anxiety, and awe in a variety of cultures and societies. They have been dubbed "the Menace of the Universe" and "the Harbinger of Doom," among other names.
A meteor sighting implied that heaven had bestowed a gift. It frequently symbolized a mystery originating from the cosmos, a phenomenal force far greater than ourselves. A meteor stood for knowledge of understanding that there is more to life than what we currently know. Many believe it to be a soul or spirit.
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how do these meteorites support the nebular theory's scenario about for the formation of the terrestrial planets?
These meteorites' appearance and makeup exactly match what we would anticipate if, as the nebular theory predicts, metal and rock condensed and accreted.
What three sorts of meteorites are there?varieties of meteorites The number of meteorites discovered on Earth exceeds 60,000. These meteorites can be classified as either stony, iron, or stony-iron by scientists. Many sub-groups exist within each of these kinds.
Where can you locate meteorites?The American Southwest, the African continent's northwest desert, and Antarctica are among the best locations for meteorite searching. Being a snow and ice desert, Antarctica is very cool (no pun intended), as it would be simple to notice a strange-looking, dark rock from space.
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When a metal car is struck by lightning, the resulting electric field inside the car is.
There is no charge present inside the car's body when lightning strikes the surface of the vehicle; instead, the charge runs over the vehicle's exterior. As a result, the electromagnetic current inside of the car is zero.
Explanation of the electric fieldThe electric field is the sum of the electric force on each charge, and the electric force on a charge at a given place in space is equal to the sum of the charge times the electric field there. In summary, electric charges produce electric fields.
What does an electric field example mean?The area of space surrounding a charged particle or object that exerts force on it can be referred to as the electric field. Examples: -Charges and their arrangements, such capacitors and battery cells, generate electric fields.
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Purchasing uses information from the _____ to place purchase orders for raw materials with qualified suppliers.
Purchasing uses information from the sales order plan to place purchase orders for raw materials with qualified suppliers.
What is purchasing?The term purchasing has to do with the process of the buying of goods and services. The process of purchasing a very essential part of the business venture such that in some areas, an entire department may be devoted to the coordination of the processes involved in purchasing in the establishment.
A purchasing manager may be given the task of seeing to the coordination of the entirety of all the purchasing activities.
Thus, we could see that purchasing is a chain of activities that is based on the principles of demand and supply.
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a physics lab is demonstrating the principles of simple harmonic motion (shm) by using a spring affixed to a horizontal support. the student is asked to find the spring constant, ???? . after suspending a mass of 355.0 g from the spring, the student notices the spring is displaced 41.5 cm from its previous equilibrium. with this information, calculate the spring constant. spring constant: n/m when the spring, with the attached 355.0 g mass, is displaced from its new equilibrium position, it undergoes shm. calculate the period of oscillation, T , neglecting the mass of the spring itself. T
Vibration period T ignoring the mass of the spring itself:
k = mg/x = 0.315*9.8/0.275 = 11.23 N/m
Period T = 2π√(m/k) = 1.053 s
Displacement = 27.5 cm
where velocity is 0
potential energy = 0.5 kx^2 = 0.5*11.23*0.275^2 = 0.425
displacement = 15, 5 cm 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 √(A^2-x^2) = 1.36m/s
A = 0.275mx = 0
155 m
ω = √(k/m) = 5.97
Velocity = 5.97*√(0.275^2 -0.155^2) = 1.36 m/s
Total energy = 0, 5kx^2 = 0.3 .5*11.2 *0.275^2 = 0.424J
Kinetic energy = 0.5mv^2 = 0.5*0.315*1.36^2 = 0
Mass can best be understood as the amount of matter present in an object or body. Everything around us has mass. For example, tables, chairs, beds, soccer balls, glasses, and even air have mass.
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Which forms as a result of compressional stress? anticline and synclinenormal faultstrike-slip faultfault-block mountain.
Compressional stress causes synclines and anticlines to develop. Thus, the correct option is A.
What is Anticline ?When previously horizontal strata are folded upward and the two limbs diverge from the surface, anticlines emerge.
Instead of shattering to create faults or joints, when rocks deform in a ductile way, they may bend or fold, and the resulting structures are known as folds. Folds are brought about by long-lasting compressional or shear stresses. These folds result from typically brittle rocks acting ductility under conditions of low strain rate and/or high temperature.
According to the definition
We get to know that
Compressional stress causes synclines and anticlines to develop. Thus, the correct option is A.
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light of 550 nm illuminates two narrow slits 0.12 mm apart causing an interference pattern on a screen 1.0 m away. how much farther did the light from the left slit travel than the light from the right slit to the m
The light from the left slit travels to the m at 500 nm slower than the light from the right slit. Two tiny openings spaced 0.12 mm apart are illuminated by 550 nm light, creating an interference pattern.
Interference patterns: what are they?
Thomas Young demonstrated that when light from two sources collides while moving through the same medium, an interference pattern is created. It is crucial to go back a few steps and examine the interference of water waves that originate from two sites in order to comprehend Young's experiment.
What kinds of interference patterns are there?
The light reflected from an oil coating floating on water is one of the best illustrations of interference. Another illustration is the thin soap bubble film (illustrated in Figure 1),
Briefing:
r = d*sin(theta)
r = 1m *sin(5.5*10^-7)
r = 9.599^-9m r = 9.6nm
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A resistor and an inductor are connected in parallel. If the voltage across the resistor is 120 volts, the voltage across the inductor is 120 volts.
True
Yes, It's True.
Voltage is the pressure from an electrical circuit's source that pushes charged electrons (current) through a conducting loop, enabling them to do work such as illuminating light.
Voltage is the essential parameter in the circuit for the flow of current. If there is no voltage, no current flow. Voltage is broadly classified into two basic types: direct voltage and alternating voltage. In an electrical or electronic circuit, we can measure the voltage by using either a voltmeter or a multimeter.
The electric generators move magnets near coils of wires to create the voltages on the electrical grid.
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For a star like the Sun, the gravitational collapse of the interstellar cloud lasted for about ______________ and stopped with the ignition of the fusion reaction.
50–100 billion years
5–10 billion years
1 billion years
100 million years
1–10 million years
1- 10 million years
The definition of gravitational collapse
A fundamental mechanism for the emergence of structures in the cosmos, gravitational collapse is the contraction of an astronomical object as a result of the pull of its own gravity, which tends to pull matter inward toward the center of gravity.
The birth of stars and gravitational collapse
Star formation is the process through which dense areas within molecular clouds in interstellar space collapse and produce stars. These areas are frequently referred to as "stellar nurseries" or "star-forming regions."
A diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) containing gas and dust, stars, and stellar remnants. The average mass of the interstellar medium is 104 to 106 particles per cm3, with the majority of the leftover gas being made up of about 70% hydrogen.
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three particles are fixed in place. the mass of b is greater than the mass of c. can a fourth particle (particle d) be pplaces somewhere so that the net gravitational force on particle a from particles b, c, and d is zero?
Its position of this particle D must be near the positive y-axis in the second meiotic division of the aforementioned equations.
What is gravitational force and example?This attraction that earth has on an object is referred to as gravitational force. Examples of motion brought on by gravitational force also include upwards motion of a ball being thrown, the downward motion of water moving through a stream, and the pull of gravity on river flow.
Briefing:When two bodies are separated by a distance R and have masses M and m, the gravitational attraction between them is:
F= GMm/R²
The gravitational force is a result of the interaction between the gravitational forces exerted by particle B and particle C on particle A.
We can claim that because particle B has a larger mass than particle A does, the gravitational force was closer to and roughly equal to the mass of the bodies.
The net gravitational force on particle A would be zero if particle D force is exerted that is equal to it and opposite to the normal Force that results.
As a result, particle D need to be positioned close to the positive y-axis in the second quadrant.
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A high-speed bullet train accelerates and decelerates at the rate of 10 ft/s2. Its maximum cruising speed is 90 mi/h. (a) What is the maximum distance the train can travel if it accelerates from rest until it reaches its cruising speed and then runs at that speed for 15 minutes?(b) Suppose that the train starts from rest and must come to a complete stop in 15 minutes. What is the maximum distance it can travel under these conditions?(c) Find the minimum time that the train takes to travel between two consecutive stations that are 45 miles apart.(d) The trip from one station to the next takes at minimum 37.5 minutes. How far apart are the stations?
The train can go a maximum distance of 119671.2 feet if it starts off at a slow speed, accelerates until it reaches cruising speed, and then maintains that speed for 15 minutes.
The train travels 117057.6 feet when it starts off at rest and must come to a complete halt in 15 minutes. Between two consecutive stops that are 45 miles apart, the train travels in 30.22 minutes overall. The distance between the stations is 55.92 miles.
This condition can be broken down into two kinematic equations:
d = 1/2*10*t2 for acceleration (No initial velocity) UNITS: foot, s
Knowing the ultimate velocity allows us to calculate t as follows: v=90mph=132ft/s=10*t, which equals t=13.2s.
d = 5*(13.2^2) = 871.2 ft
Constant speed for 15 minutes = 900s
d = 132ft/s * 900s = 118800 ft
Total Distance: 119671.2 ft = 22.665 mi
Split this situation up into 3 parts, Maximum distance would be maximum cruising time:
Accelerating to cruising speed: d = 871.2 ft, t = 13.2s
Decelerating from cruising speed:
d = 5*(13.2^2) = 871.2 ft
900 seconds at constant speed for 15 minutes
d = 132 feet per second multiplied by ninety seconds equals 118,800 feet.
Total distance: 22.665 miles or 119671.2 feet.
Divide this circumstance into three pieces. The maximum distance corresponds to the maximum cruising time:
Cruising speed acceleration: d = 871.2 ft, t = 13.2 s
Deceleration from cruise: d = -5*t2 + 132*t, v = 0 = -10*t + 132, t = 13.2s, d = 871.2ft
We know that while cruising, t = 900s - 13.2s - 13.2s = 873.6s, and d = 132*873.6 = 115315.2ft.
117057.6 feet or 22.17 miles total.
Similar to part b, but with the cruise distance known and the requirement to solve for time now (minimum time is maximum speed, so maximum cruising time).
d = 871.2 feet, t = 13.2 seconds, accelerating
d = 871.2 feet, t = 13.2 seconds, decelerating
When cruising, the distance is 45 miles and the altitude is 871.2 feet. The altitude is then multiplied by 1742.4 feet to get the total altitude, which is 235857.6 feet.
t = 235857.6/132 = 1786.8s
Total time: 1786.8 + 12.2 + 12.2 = 1813.2s or 30.22 minutes.
This portion is identical to part c, except that the order is reversed:
d = 871.2 feet, t = 13.2 seconds, accelerating
decreasing: d = 871.2 feet, t = 13.2 seconds
Traveling: t = 2250 - 26.4 = 2223.6s d = 132*2223.6 = 293515.2ft
Total distance: 293515.2 plus 1742.4 feet, or 55.92 miles.
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A mass is attached to a rope of length L. Initially held horizontally, it is then released. At what angle will the mass again come to a stop? 1) Solve using n-t coordinates. (Note: Do NOT use energy methods to solve.) Please draw FBDs too
in y axis the the mass again come to a stop.
what is mass?mass is a very large amount od number or something.
Will be n, - l, cos of theta applying the derivation of energy, hello, ikinetic, energy potential energy as
t kinetic energy potential energy, kinetic energy will be half m square potential. Energy kinetic energy at 0, and it is m g h, so velocity at will get root. 2 g h and b have calculated so 2 g l, 1 minus cos of theta sufficient of force along y axis must be 0, so t minus mg equal to m b square by l, so t will be m into g plus 2 g l substituting the Value of veracity, here 1 minus cos theta upon l. So finally, it could be written as n j into 3 minus 2 cos. Cetothis is the answer of part. A now part b with the decrease flit tension will remain constant because it is not depending on length of stringks for watching.
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suppose astronomers built a 140-meter telescope. how much greater would its light-collecting area be than that of the 10-meter keck telescope? express your answer using two significant figures. nothing request answer
The light-collecting surface of the 140-meter telescope will be 25 times larger than that of the Keck II telescope, which stands at 10 metres. A telescope is a tool for observing far-off objects through their radiation.
electromagnetic radiation's absorption or reflection. originally exclusively referring to an optical device that observes far-off objects using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of the two. A telescope's capacity to focus is referred to as its " light-collecting function." a telescope's capacity to simultaneously focus on several objects.
A 140-meter telescope's 50-meter light-collecting diameter.
A 10-meter telescope has a 10-meter diameter for light gathering.
Pi*(D^2)/4 is the formula for a telescope's light-collecting area.
Light collecting area ratio = (pi*(140^2)/4)/pi*(100)/4 = 25
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After pyruvate oxidation, the potential energy of pyruvate is now in the potential energy of.
After pyruvate oxidation, the potential energy of pyruvate is now in the potential energy of acetyl-CoA.
What is potential energy ?Potential energy. Stored energy that depends on the relative positions of the various parts of the system. When a spring is compressed or may be stretched, its potential energy increases simultaneously. A steel ball will have more potential energy lifted across the ground than after it hits the ground.
After pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl-CoA, most of the potential energy found during cellular respiration prior to the citric acid cycle resides in NADH molecules produced in glycolysis, which convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.
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the frequency spectrum of a signal that is sampled at a rate of 1000 samples/sec is obtained by dft. what must be the frame length (observation window) for processing if you want to get a frequency resolution of 5 hz for the spectrum?
The frame size for these settings is the inverse of the frequency resolution and is 2 seconds. 2048 samples are taken each second is the sampling frequency.
Definition of a resolution.The capacity to distinguish between two signals called resolution in general. This pertains to the capacity to distinguish between two peaks in chromatography. Provided by where tr1 & tr2 and w1 but also w2 are the resolutions, R. A vector is resolved when it is divided into a number of vectors that point in distinct directions.
What purpose does resolution serve?How many pictures are displayed each inch of a screen is sometimes referred to as PPI, or pixels per inch. Higher resolutions have more pixels per square inch (PPI), which means more digital signal and a better, more precise image.
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f a force of 120 n acting 0.29 m from the axis of rotation is balanced by another force of 92 n (causing no motion), what is the moment arm of the second force?
The moment arm of the second force is 0.29 m.
What is moment?
A moment is just a mathematical expression used in physics that involves the product of a physical quantity and a distance. Moments refer to the physical quantities that are dispersed from the reference point and are typically defined with regard to a fixed reference point. The moment thus explains the position or arrangement of the quantity. For instance, the moment of force, also known as torque, is the result of the force acting on an object and the object's distance from of the reference point. In theory, a moment can be created by multiplying any physical quantity by a distance. Forces, masses, and electrically charged distributions are frequently used units.
The moment arm of the second force is the distance from the axis of rotation to the point at which the force is acting.
Since the two forces are in equilibrium, meaning that they have cancelled each other out, the distance from the axis of rotation to the point at which the second force is acting (the moment arm) must be equal to the distance from the axis of rotation to the point at which the first force is acting (0.29 m).
Thus, the moment arm of the second force is 0.29 m.
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a square coil, enclosing an area with sides 7.9 cm long, is wrapped with 2,786 turns of wire. a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to its plane is turned on and increases to 0.11 t during an interval of 0.5 s. what average voltage is induced in the coil? express the answer with two decimal places.
The average voltage induced in the coil is 97.00 V.
What is voltage?
The difference throughout electric potential between two points is known as voltage, also referred to as electric pressure, electric tension, as well as (electric) potential difference. It translates into the amount of work required to move a charge from one point between two points in a static electric field. Volt is the name of the voltage-derived unit in the International System of Units. 166 Joules per coulomb, or 1 volt equals 1 joule (of work) per 1 coulomb, is how work per unit of charge is expressed in SI units (of charge). Power and current were used in the previous SI definition for the volt, the quantum Hall as well as Josephson effect was introduced in 1990, and as of 2019 fundamental physical values obtained have been used in the definition of any and all SI units as well as derived units.
The average voltage induced in the coil can be calculated using Faraday's Law:
V = (B*A*N*Δt)/t
V = (0.11 T *(7.9 cm)^2 * 2,786 turns * 0.5 s)/0.5 s
V = 97.0 V
Therefore, the average voltage induced in the coil is 97.00 V.
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the earth's axis is tilted by about 23.5º, which explains why the earth has seasons. how does this occur? choose one or more: the hemisphere tilted toward the sun receives more solar radiation than the hemisphere tilted away from the sun. the tilt of earth on its axis determines the number of hours of daylight that each hemisphere receives. earth's tilt controls the degree to which light interacts with air particles by changing the distance it travels through the atmosphere. earth's tilt changes the angle at which sunlight arrives on earth, changing the area that is affected by that light. the tilt of earth's axis changes the distance from the earth to the sun, thus changing the amount of energy received.
We have seasons primarily because of how tilted the Earth is on its axis.
SUMMER: The Earth revolves around the sun, and the hemisphere that is tilted toward the sun receives the most sunlight. This is summer, when there is more sunlight.
WINTER: Because of the tilt of the earth's axis, days are shorter and less bright in the hemisphere that faces away from the sun. Winter is the result of the weather getting colder.
24-HOUR DARKNESS: Due to the tilt of the Earth, it is possible for darkness to last 24 hours a day at the North Pole of earth.
It is more frequently exposed to sunlight near the equator. Because of this, it is always much hotter at the equator. There is less variation between seasons because it is hotter for longer periods of time.
Direct sunlight strikes the Earth at the equator. In contrast, the sun's rays barely reach the poles where it is located.
More specifically, it's not because the equator is nearer the sun. But the reason is that the equator is being directly illuminated by the sun.
Because of this, the equator is home to some of the planet's warmest ecosystems, including tropical rainforests and deserts.
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An old version of stellar evolution, popular at the beginning of the twentieth century, maintained that stars begin their lives as large, cool spheres of gas, like the giant stars on the H-R diagram. They then contract and heat up under the pull of their own gravity to become hot, bright blue O stars. For the remainder of their lives they lose energy, becoming dimmer and redder with age. As they slowly move down the main sequence, they eventually end up as cool, dim red M stars. Explain how observations of stellar clusters, plotted on the H-R diagram, contradict this idea.
Every star goes through distinct evolutionary stages that are determined by its internal structure and method of energy production depending on its initial mass. The temperature and luminosity of the star change with each of these stages, and as the star develops, it can be seen moving to various locations on the HR diagram.
One of the most crucial tools for studying stellar evolution is the HR diagram, also known as the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. It was independently created by Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell in the early 1900's and plots either the colour of stars against their absolute magnitude or the temperature of stars against their luminosity.
The HR diagram is dominated by the main sequence, which extends from the upper left to the bottom right. In their cores, stars spend about 90% of their lives converting hydrogen to helium.
Low-mass stars reach their final evolutionary stage as white dwarf stars.
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light can travel from air into water. some possible paths for the light ray in the water are shown. which path will the light most likely follow?
The light ray will bend downwards.
What is light ray?
A ray, in the field of optics, is a geometrical model of idealised light that is chosen to be perpendicular to a wavefronts of the real light and to point in the direction of energy flow. By segmenting the actual light field into discrete rays that are computationally perpetuated through the system using ray tracing techniques, rays are employed to model this same propagation of light thru an optical system. As a result, even extremely complex optical systems can be mathematically or computationally analysed. For as long as light ray travel through and around objects for whom the dimensions are significantly larger than the light's wavelength, approximate remedies to Maxwell's equations are appropriate for use in ray tracing.
The light will most likely follow the path that curves downward. This is because light rays bend towards the normal when entering a denser medium, such as water from air. The normal is an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface of the water. Therefore, the light ray will bend downwards.
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A thin film of polystyrene is used as an antireflective coating for fabulite (known as the substrate). The index of refraction of the polystyrene is 1.49, and the index of refraction of the fabulite is 2.409. (Figure 1) What is the minimum thickness of film required? Assume that the wavelength of the light in air is 470 nanometers. Express your answer in nanometers.
The minimum thickness of the film required will be equal to 78.85 nm.
When two waves add up in such a manner that the two waves cancel out and the there is no resulting wave then this phenomenon is known as Destructive interference of the waves. According to the question, light will be reflected two times, first from upper layer and then from the interface. So, the path travelled will be equal to 2t and the path difference will be 2tη_p. The values given in the question are
Index of refraction of polystyrene; η_p = 1.49
Index of refraction of Fabulite; η_f = 2.409
Wavelength of the light in air; λ = 470 nm
The formula for calculating minimum thickness is expressed as
2tη_p = λ/2
=> t = λ/2 × (1/2η_p)
=> t = λ/(4η_p)
=> t = 470/(4 × 1.49)
=> t = 78.85 nm
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Which of the following best reduces atmospheric distortion?
adaptive optics
The best reduces atmospheric distortion is through adaptive optics.
Optical aberrations can be fixed using a technology called adaptive optics (AO). The work that led to the Nobel Prize-winning discovery of a supermassive compact object at the center of our galaxy was made possible by a method that was initially devised to account for the blurring effect of atmospheric turbulence on images in ground-based observatories. We can research the functioning of the visual system and evaluate ocular health in the microscopic domain when AO is employed to compensate for the eye's defective optics.
By detecting retinal changes at the cellular level, AO allows us to adjust for the eye's imperfect optics. AO has expanded the capabilities of imaging in thick tissue specimens, such as when examining neuronal processes in the brain, by correcting for sample-induced blur in microscopy.
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if quasars are at the distances most astronomers believe they are, then (for the most luminous ones) their luminosities must be:
Like the combined luminosity of a hundred trillion (1014) Suns.
What is the luminosity of the most powerful quasars?
A new quasar with a 12 billion solar mass central black hole and 430 trillion solar luminosity was found by the Peking University Department of Astronomy at a distance of 12.8 billion light years from the Earth.
This quasar, driven by the most massive black hole then known to exist, is the most brilliant one to be found in the early Universe.
The finding of this quasar, designated SDSS J0100+2802, represents a significant advancement in our understanding of the evolution of quasars, the most potent cosmic phenomena, from their inception nine hundred million years after the Big Bang.
On February 26, 2015, the leading scientific publication Nature reported on this discovery.
Therefore, if quasars are at the distances most astronomers believe they are, then (for the most luminous ones) their luminosities must be 430 trillion light years.
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