Current anti-VEGF medications have a big limitation that they are not durable, need regular injections to maintain low VEGF levels in the eye.
What is Vabysmo used for?On January 28, the U.S. Food and Pharmacological Administration (FDA) granted approval to a potential new drug therapy for patients with either neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) or diabetic macular edoema (DME). This news has given millions of Americans fresh hope.
The first injectable medication, Vabysmo, formerly known as faricimab-svoa, targets both eye disorders at once.
Additionally, it is the first to use two different therapy paths to combat the disorders.
The macula, the core region of the retina that provides the clearest straight-ahead vision, is susceptible to fluid leakage in both nAMD and DME due to weak arteries.
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) are two proteins that, by means of various pathways, contribute to blood vessel instability, inflammation, and fluid leakage into the macula. Vabysmo successfully neutralizes these two proteins.
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Which scenario will most likely result in a change to the nitrogen cycle that negatively affects plant growth?.
Scientists have revealed that humans are disrupting the nitrogen cycle by altering the amount of nitrogen stored in the biosphere.
The primary reason is the combustion of fossil fuels, which releases nitric oxides into the atmosphere, where they combine with other components to form smog and acid rain.
A considerable amount of research suggests that humans are to responsible for disruptions and changes in local and global water cycles. Damming rivers for hydroelectricity, using water for farming, deforestation, and the use of fossil fuels may all have an impact on the water cycle.
Plant and animal waste decomposes and fertilizes the soil. Soil microorganisms convert these forms of nitrogen into nitrogen that plants can use.
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if a scientist recorded the size, birth rate, and age structure of an owl population over the last 20 years, he is most likely a(n): please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices botanist. evolutionary biologist. embryologist. demographer. mathematician.
If a scientist recorded the size, birth rate, and age structure of an owl population over the last 20 years, he is most likely e)demographer. So, correct option is e.
Demographer work is to study the characteristics of human populations, such as size, growth, density, distribution, and vital statistics. There are sure abilities that numerous demographers have to achieve their obligations.
By researching resumes, we had the choice to restrict the most generally perceived capacities for a person here. We found that a great deal of resumes recorded actual endurance, relational abilities and insightful abilities. On the off chance that you're keen on turning into a demographer, perhaps the earliest thing to consider is how much instruction you want.
53.8% of demographers have a four year college education. As far as advanced education levels, we viewed that as 19.2% of demographers have graduate degrees. Despite the fact that most demographers have a professional education, becoming one with just a secondary school degree or GED is conceivable.
Hence, correct option is e.
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(Complete question) is:
If a scientist recorded the size, birth rate, and age structure of an owl population over the last 20 years, he is most likely a(n): please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices
a)botanist.
b)evolutionary
c)biologist.
d)embryologist
e)demographer
f)mathematician.
What would be the consequence of ectopically expressing hoxd10 throughout the developing mouse limb bud?.
The Hox gene network plays numerous roles in the development of vertebrate limbs. One of its primary purposes is to encode positional data, creating a "Hox" code for the arrangement of the structures along the long axis of the limb.
The Hox genes are key players in the series of interactions that allow morphologically distinct regions to develop in segmented animals. In fact, one of the earliest triggers that cause the segment to develop into a part of the head is the activation of a Hox gene from the 3' end.
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the human embryo is able to split at the 64-cell stage to produce two viable progeny. this is an indication that human development at this stage is group of answer choices mosaic. determinative. definitive. regulative
Regulation is the response that allows a 64-cell stage human embryo to divide and produce two viable offspring.
64-cell stage Since the amputation exiting the 6th cycle is performed horizontally, the placement of the blastomere in the animal's polar view may resemble his 32-cell stage, but the cells entering the 7th cycle are Smaller. Seen from the side, the cell mound looks quite high. The term morula represents the next stages of embryonic development (16, 32, and 64 cells). The morula is therefore the product of the first cell division and does not actually grow as the daughter cells are getting smaller and smaller. Morula is like a hard ball.
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which of the following statements about macrophages is false? choose one:a. macrophages present microbial peptide antigens on major histocompatibility complexes.b. macrophages are phagocytic.c. macrophages are involved only in innate immunity.d. macrophages differentiate only from monocytes.
The statement about macrophages that is false is that they are only involved in innate immunity. The correct answer s option(c).
Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that encloses and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and provokes the action of added invulnerable method cells. Macrophages play an important part in privilege and immune answers. They acquire a protective role shown by their talent to carry on the phagocytosis of groupies and bacteria.
Innate immunity is the explanation whole with that you were innate. It protects you against all antigens. Innate immunity involves obstacles that hold harmful matters from introducing your material. These barriers form the first line of explanation in the invulnerable response.
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Which is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Answer:
Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back.
Which of the following processes occurs in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes? a. transcription and translation occur simultaneously b. post-transcriptional splicing c. translation in the absence of a ribosome d. gene splicingTerma. transcription and translation occur simultaneously
what did elie and the other prisoners from his cattle car see when they arrived in birkenau that confirmed mrs. schacter's screams?
who believed her, attempted to console her, beat her, and finally gagged her elie and the other prisoners from his cattle car see when they arrived in birkenau that confirmed mrs. schacter's scream
schacter's scream was responded to by the other passengers in the car who believed her, attempted to console her, beat her, and finally gagged her.They observed the flames rising into the pitch-black sky from the tall chimney. The new Jews' failure to save themselves by making an early getaway infuriated the prisoners when they saw them arriving at the camp.
To free up space in the train car, the inmates are content to dispose of the deceased. Eliezer saves his father from being thrown out just in time by continuously beating him, despite the fact that he appears to be dead. They continue travelling.
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Besides protecting vital organs, what are two other functions of the bones of the skeletal system?
A) making blood cells and storing calcium
B) making cartilage and red blood cells
C) making cartilage and storing calcium
D) making blood cells and storing potassium
Answer:
A) making blood cells and storing calcium
Explanation:
it is correct. i did the quiz 100%
Answer:
I hope this helps.
Explanation:
suppose you are studying the transport of a certain polar molecule across the plasma membrane of cells in a lab. over a period of time, you measure the concentration of a polar molecule inside and outside of the cells. you find that the concentration of the molecule is higher in the cell and is gradually increasing. you also measure the atp concentration inside the cell and find that it is decreasing. which of the following is probably responsible for the transport of this polar substance into the cell?
Polar molecules are those that have one end that is a little bit positive and one end that is a little bit negative. When it comes to polar molecules, the covalent bond's electron distribution is uneven.
Therefore, polar and charged molecules including ions, amino acids, nucleosides, and carbohydrates can traverse the plasma membrane due to facilitated diffusion. Carrier proteins and channel proteins are the two main groups of proteins that mediate assisted diffusion. Both active and passive transport mechanisms are used to move molecules across the membrane. In active transport, molecules go across the membrane in opposition to the concentration gradient, which is a change from one concentration to another.
Both active and passive transport is used to move the polar molecules across the membrane. Only polar proteins can the polar molecule connect to. The polar character of the channel proteins found in the cell membrane aids in the movement of polar molecules across the membrane. Depending on the chemicals they need to convey, these channel proteins alter their form. The polar molecules control the gated system, which the channel proteins employed to open and close.
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Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling allow for ________ and ________ of the fetus so that it can be tested for abnormalities.
The fetus can be screened for abnormalities using karyotyping and biochemical analysis using amniocentesis and chorionic villus sample.
What data can we glean from CVS and amniocentesis?In at-risk fetuses, these tests can detect genetic illnesses such cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, and sickle cell disease. The main benefit of CVS over amniocentesis is that it is done considerably earlier in pregnancy—at 10 to 13 weeks as opposed to 15 to 20 weeks—thus saving more time for the mother.
What can a couple learn about their growing fetus from amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling?Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS) are prenatal diagnostic techniques used to identify certain fetal genetic disorders. The likelihood of miscarriage rises with both procedures.
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the excavate clade is the only eukaryotic group where all clade members are unicellular. the amoebozoa clade is the only eukaryotic group with clades including members that are both unicellular and multicellular. animals are the only group within the opisthokont clade whose members are all multicellular. all plants and algae are multicellular.
Animals are the only group within the Opisthokont clade whose members are all multicellular. This statement is true according to the figure.
The kingdoms of animals and fungi are both included in the large group of eukaryotes known as the opisthokonts. Opisthokonts, formerly known as the "Fungi/Metazoa group," are widely acknowledged as a clade. Apusomonadida, Breviata, and Opisthokonts make to the broader clade Obazoa.
The subclasses of eukaryotes known as opisthokonts include amoebae, fungi, and animals.
The two most well-known multicellular forms of life, the animals (Metazoa) and the fungi are members of the monophyletic Opisthokonta clade, one of the five eukaryotic "super-groups."
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For half of the radioisotopes of a certain kind to decay into its more stable isotope, the amount of time required is called the _______.
The duration it takes for half of unstable atoms to experience radioactive decay is known as the half-life.
A radioisotope's unstable nucleus can form either spontaneously or as a result of a deliberate alteration of the atom. Radioactive decay production can occur using either a cyclotron or a nuclear reactor. Molybdenum-99, which has a high neutron content, can be produced most effectively in nuclear reactors, whereas fluorine-18, which has a half-life content, can be produced most effectively in cyclotrons. Uranium is the most well-known illustration of a radioisotope that is found naturally. The only other form of naturally occurring uranium, uranium-235, which has three less neutrons and is less stable or radioactive, makes up the remaining 0.7%.
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Which of the following statements about microorganisms that cause human infection and disease is FALSE? Multiple Choice Bacteria can normally be found in humans. Protozoa rarely cause illness in humans. Prions appear to be made entirely of protein. Examples of ectoparasites are fleas, ticks, lice, and scabies.
The following statements about microorganisms that cause human infection and disease is FALSE is Examples of ectoparasites are fleas, ticks, lice, and scabies.
External parasites encompass mites, lice, and ticks. The maximum common outside parasites encompass fleas, ticks, mites, and lice. Your puppy need to be unfastened from parasites, each inner and external.
Historically, fleas are a number of the maximum essential ectoparasites of people in that numerous species are the herbal vectors of numerous essential infectious diseases, like plague. Today, a few 15 households with a complete of approximately 220 genera and a few 2,500 species of fleas may be distinguished.
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the produced by the sustentacular cells independently stops fsh secretion without reducing testosterone secretion
Sustentacular cells are nurse cells that play a crucial role in the production of sperm in men. These are big, closely packed cells that may be seen near the seminiferous tubules on the basolateral side.
While the Leydig cells manufacture and release testosterone in response to the luteinizing hormone.
nhibin. Inhibits the secretion of FSH from the pituitary gland's anterior lobe; in the absence of FSH, the sustentacular cells cannot sustain spermatogenesis.
These "nurse cells" are critical in nurturing and providing structural support for sperm cells throughout development. As they develop, around 30-50 spermatogenic cells are buried in the recesses of each Sertoli cell and move from the base into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.
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which division of the ans can function independently without being stimulated by the central nervous system?
Vital body processes like blood pressure and respiration rate are under the direction of the autonomic nervous system. This method operates automatically without requiring any thought from the user (autonomously).
What area of the nervous system functions continuously and on its own?Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands are all continuously and spontaneously innervated without any conscious effort.
What tasks are carried out by the parasympathetic portion of the ANS?Your sympathetic nervous system is balanced by the parasympathetic branch of your autonomic nervous system. Your body's "fight or flight" and "rest and digest" responses are each under the control of different sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, respectively.
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Cell division is the process of taking a parent cell and splitting it into 2 new genetically identical daughter cells. All organisms go through the process of cell division. What do bacteria use cell division for and how?.
Bacteria divide their cells through a process called bacterial binary fission. Learn the binary fission process, including how to duplicate bacteria.
What is the procedure for dividing a cell into two called?A vital process for life is mitosis. A cell divides into two identical daughter cells after duplicating all of its components, including its chromosomes.
Why and how do bacteria use cell division.
However, in the case of a bacterium, cell division serves purposes other than simply producing more cells for the organism. Instead, it is how bacteria multiply, or increase the number of bacteria in a population. While binary fission and mitosis share some characteristics, they also diverge from each other in some significant ways.
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is it true thAt glucose primarily comes from the water we drink
It is not true, glucose primarily comes from the food we eat and obtain from plants.
How is glucose made?A cell's chloroplast is where glucose is made, the plant cell organelle known as the chloroplast employs the process of photosynthesis to create glucose.
It accomplishes this by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into glucose and oxygen.
Therefore, glucose primarily comes from the food made by photosynthesis, not comes from the water we drink, hence given statement is not true.
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what is the function of myoglobin in muscle cells? group of answer choices stores atp breaks down glucose stores oxygen stores glucose
Myoglobin stores oxygen in the muscle cells. Thus the correct answer is option (C).
Your striated muscles, which include your cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles (the muscles linked to your bones and tendons), contain the protein known as myoglobin.
Your body's cells require oxygen to function. They transform the stored energy using oxygen. Due to their regular use, your cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles need a lot of oxygen and energy. Although myoglobin and hemoglobin both transfer oxygen to specific tissues, their roles are distinct.
Hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, gives them their red hue. Its major function is to carry oxygen from your lungs to the remaining cells in the tissues and organs of your body.
While myoglobin is also present in your bloodstream, it is mostly found in your striated muscles (the kinds of muscles you consciously move, such as your arm and leg muscles). Only injured muscles cause myoglobin to enter the blood. Similar to hemoglobin, myoglobin supplies the reddish hue to your muscle tissues.
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what enzyme could seal a nick in one strand of a double-stranded dna molecule by creating a sugar-phosphate bond between the adjacent, unjoined nucleotides?
By forming a sugar-phosphate bond between adjacent, unjoined nucleotides, the DNA Ligase enzyme could seal a nick in one strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule.
DNA ligase is a particular type of enzyme, a ligase, (EC 6.5. 1.1) that promotes the touching of DNA filaments together by catalyzing the establishment of a phosphodiester bond. DNA ligases play an essential part in claiming genomic completeness by touching breaks in the phosphodiester foundation of DNA that happen all the while copy and recombination, in addition to DNA damage and allure repair.
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer calm of two polynucleotide chains that coil about each other to form a double loop. The polymer gives hereditary commands for the incident, functioning, tumor, and duplication of all popular animals and many viruses. DNA and ribonucleic acid are deoxyribonucleic acids.
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in this activity, you will identify the general mechanism of inhibition for the antimicrobial actions listed. drag each item into the appropriate bin.
Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria are extremely harmful, and antibiotic resistance is a significant public health issue. the potential for exhaustion.
What is the antimicrobials' mode of action?The mechanism of antimicrobial activity allows for the grouping of antimicrobial agents. Agents that depolarize cell membranes, inhibit protein synthesis, inhibit production of nucleic acids, and inhibit metabolic pathways in bacteria are the primary categories.
What is the antibiotics' mode of action? Providing one instanceAntibiotics frequently obstruct vital bacterial biochemical pathways. Many bacteria build cell walls as a form of defense. The biochemical procedures that create the cell wall are blocked by the antibiotic penicillin. Consequently, the growing bacteria become unable to make cell walls and die easily.
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probiotics such as lactobacillus rhamnosus have been shown to . . . choose one:a. alter transcription in other members of the microbiota.b. reduce inflammation.c. improve inflammatory bowel disease.d. change the composition of the microbiome.
In addition to being present in some foods and the human gut, mouth, and vagina, Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) is a form of probiotic ("good" bacteria). L. acidophilus is an example of "good" bacteria that can aid in digestion, nutritional absorption, and defense against potentially harmful "bad" organisms.
Although there is conflicting data, probiotics, especially Lactobacillus GG, may help prevent or treat infectious diarrhea in both children and adults. According to studies, probiotics tend to work best for treating campylobacter infections in adults and rotavirus infections in children. Children's diarrhea can get really bad.
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Cell division is the process of taking a parent cell and splitting it into 2 new genetically identical daughter cells. All organisms go through the process of cell division. What do bacteria use cell division for and how?.
Cell division in a bacterium, however, provides purposes beyond just adding to the organism's cell count. Instead, it pertains to how bacteria proliferate, or how many there are overall.
What happens during cell division, and why is it significant?The process of making new cells for the body, known as mitosis, is usually meant when the term "cell division" is used. Meiosis, a cell division process, is what creates egg and sperm cells. Mitosis is an essential biological mechanism.
How are bacteria's cells divided?When the membrane and peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall of the envelope layers penetrate to form a septum that splits the cell into two compartments, cell division occurs in bacteria. After that It hydrolyzes the septal PG.
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which of the following terms refers to the process through which a drug can increase the enzymes produced by the liver? a. neural amplification b. metabolic termination c. psychotropic induction d. enzyme induction
Enzyme induction is the process through which a drug can increase the enzymes produced by the liver.
What is enzyme induction?
An enzyme inducer is a type of medication that boosts an enzyme's metabolic activity by either activating the enzyme directly by binding to it or by boosting the expression of the gene responsible for the enzyme. In contrast to an enzyme repressor, it. Following exposure of the organism to chemical agents or physiological conditions, it is a rise in the production of catalytically active enzymes.
Hence the answer is d. enzyme induction.
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there are three factors that are primarily responsible for maintaining the resting membrane potential. this electrical polarization would be disrupted by
sodium and potassium, negatively charged proteins or nucleic acids being carried from the cytoplasm into the extracellular matrix, and an equal number of ungated "leak" channels in the plasma membrane.
The negatively charged chloride ions experience an electrical force from the resting membrane potential. The steady-state condition would result in a chloride gradient that follows Nernst's law at the resting membrane potential and fix the chloride reversal potential at the resting membrane potential if the membrane potential were the only factor operating and provided a sufficient chloride conductance. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the equilibrium potential for chloride can differ from the resting membrane potential in both positive and negative directions. As a result, in addition to the passive equilibrium condition, active transport also influences the distribution of chloride across the cell membrane. The two most significant chloride pumps for cytoplasm neurons are two members of the cation-chloride cotransporter family (Gagnon & Delpire, 2013). One cotransporter of sodium, potassium, and chloride:
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living organisms use energy from the metabolism of food to create an energy-rich molecule called adenosine triphosphate (atp). the atp acts as an energy source for a variety of reactions that the living organism must carry out to survive. atp provides energy through its hydrolysis, which can be symbolized as follows:
Answer:
yeaa
Explanation:
nonoonno
proteins that are destined to end up in the membrane (transmembrane proteins) have an internal start transfer sequence question 5 options: true false
Proteins that are destined to end up in the membrane (transmembrane proteins) have an internal start transfer sequence, the statement is true.
Instead of the N-terminal signal sequence, certain transmembrane proteins use an internal signal sequence known as the tart-transfer sequence, which is permanently incorporated into the polypeptide. The two hydrophobic sequences are first released into the bilayer where they remain as membrane-spanning alpha helices until a stop-transfer sequence is reached. This process is started by an internal start-transfer sequence.
SNAREs, a class of transmembrane proteins, contribute to further recognition. The SNAREs on the vesicle (referred to as v-SNAREs) interact with complementary SNAREs on the target membrane (referred to as t-SNAREs), firmly docking the vesicle in place after the tethering protein has captured it by grabbing hold of the Rab protein. In order for the vesicle to deliver its cargo, membrane fusion must also be catalyzed by them.
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Kate thought it was interesting that, after the release of a mature oocyte from the ovary, the follicle it was released from took on a new role. What happens to the follicle? select all that apply.
In a female, several main oocytes begin to mature at the start of the menstrual cycle. Each of the oocyte is surrounded by granular cells that are actively dividing and provide it with nourishment forming a ball like mass structure. This structure is known as a follicle.
The follicle changes following ovulation, quizlet.A burst follicle collapses after ovulation, and the antrum filled with clotted blood. The corpus luteum is formed by the enlargement of internal thecal cells and remaining granulosa cells. Progesterone and some estrogen are secreted by the corpus luteum.
The follicle from which a mature egg is discharged from the ovary adapts to a new function and forms the Corpus luteum.
After releasing the primary oocyte that develops into the egg, the ruptured mature follicle transforms into a Corpus Luteum. The progesterone hormone is secreted by means of this structure.
This hormone aids in maintaining the initial stages of pregnancy if fertilization and embryo implantation take place. When there is not a pregnancy, the corpus luteum shrinks.
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what is the phenotypic ratio results from a cross between a homozygous recessive individual and a heterozygous individual
The phenotypic ratio from crossing monohybrid between a homozygous recessive individual and a heterozygous individual is 1 : 1.
The recessive homozygous gene is the result of the fusion of two recessive genes from the two sex cells. The symbol for a recessive homozygous gene is two lowercase letters aa or aabb.
Heterozygous is a gene that has a pair of different alleles, so one is dominant and the other is recessive, so it is written with a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, such as Aa or AaBb.
Crossing between a homozygous recessive (aa) individual and a heterozygous individual (Aa):
a a
A Aa Aa
a aa aa
Genotype ratio → Aa : aa = 1 : 1
Phenotype ratio → 1 : 1
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elomerase binds to the overhang at the end of a chromosome. once bound, and using its template as a guide, it begins catalyzing the of deoxyribonucleotides to the overhang in the blank direction, lengthening the overhang. this creates a single strand of dna that is then used as a template on which primase, polymerase, and ligase add deoxyribonucleotides to the lagging strand in the blank direction, restoring the lagging
By producing telomerase, an enzyme that lengthens chromosome telomeres, some cells can stop the shrinking of their telomeres.
An enzyme that can create DNA using RNA as a template is called an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, or telomerase. A cellular enzyme that lengthens telomeres with DNA to keep cells alive (the ends of chromosomes).
The telomeres become shorter and lose a small quantity of DNA with each cell division. The chromosomes deteriorate over time, and the cells eventually perish. Telomerase aids in preventing this from occurring. Compared to most normal cells, cancer cells typically have more telomerase.
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