Gastric polyps are common in people with pernicious anaemia. They are also more likely to develop gastric cancer and carcinoid tumours in the stomach.
Pernicious anaemia is harmful to several body systems, including the digestive system, which causes nausea, bloating, and weight loss. Damage to the nervous system that causes muscle weakness, numbness or tingling in the hands and feet, memory loss, and dementia. Pernicious anaemia is caused by a variety of factors, including: Atrophic gastritis is an autoimmune condition in which the body's immune system attacks the actual intrinsic factor protein or the cells in the stomach lining that make it. Fractures of the back, upper leg, and upper forearm are more common in people with pernicious anemia.
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for which of the following processes are enzymes not required? multiple choice replication self-assembly translation maturation all of the answer choices are correct.
The process of assembling individual units of a material into highly arranged/ordered structures/patterns is known as self-assembly. Self-assembly processes are enzymes not required.
Self-assembly is the process by which a disordered system of pre-existing components forms an organized structure or pattern as a result of specific, local interactions among the components themselves, without the need for external direction. When the constituents are molecules, the process is known as molecular self-assembly.
What are the types of self-assembly?
Self-assembly is classified into two types: intramolecular self-assembly and intermolecular self-assembly. The term molecular self-assembly most commonly refers to intermolecular self-assembly, whereas folding refers to the intramolecular analog.
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1. describe the basic process of an elisa. what binds to what? when you get a positive or negative result from an elisa, what are you actually seeing?
An antibody or antigen (immunologic molecules) is involved, which may result in an antigen-antibody reaction to produce a positive result or, in the absence of a reaction, a negative outcome.
+ Antigen → primary antibody → secondary antibody → conjugated enzyme --> substrate
An antigen is a signal that lets your immune system know whether or not something is dangerous in your body. Antigens can be found on bacteria, cancers, viruses, and healthy bodily cells. Antigen testing is carried out to identify viral infections, keep track of and screen for certain diseases, and decide whether a donor is an appropriate match for a transplant. Typically, proteins or sugars (polysaccharides) present on the surface of organisms like cells or viruses are considered to be antigens. Every one of them has a distinct shape that your immune system recognises like a nametag to determine whether it belongs in your body.
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the cells that store starch in dicot roots are located between the a) xylem and the phloem. b) epidermis and the root hairs. c) epidermis and the cortex. d) epidermis and the vascular cylinder.
The cells that store starch in dicot roots are located between the epidermis and the vascular cylinder. The correct option is d.
The region of ground tissue that is between the vascular cylinder and the epidermis is called the cortex. The root cortex transports water and nutrients absorbed by the root epidermis into the vascular bundle and stores substances such as starch, resins, and essential oils. The cells of the pith also store starch and water, and the intercellular spaces allow for gaseous exchange. The pith chamber is located in the center of the stem, after the vascular bundles. The main purpose of pith is to store nutrients such as starch. Amyloplasts are found in roots and also in storage tissues and store and synthesize starch for the plant through the polymerization of glucose.
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if the micturition reflex is primarily controlled by parasympathetic innervation, then how is it that you have voluntary control of when you choose to urinate?
The external urethral sphincter is controlled by skeletal muscles if the parasympathetic nervous system is largely responsible for controlling the micturition reflex.
Skeletal muscle: What is it?
One of the three essential muscle tissues in the human body is found in the bone. Thousands of muscle fibres covered in connective tissue sheaths make up each skeletal muscle. Fasciculi are the different collections of muscular fibres that make up skeletal muscles.
The somatic nervous system is in charge of the voluntary skeletal muscles. The other types of muscle include non-striated smooth muscle and striated cardiac muscle. Both of these muscle groups can be classified as being autonomic, or under the control of the autonomic nervous system micturition reflex.
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a no argument constructor that initializes the object with an empty string for the name, address, phone, and customer number. (2 points)
Its name, "Zero Argument Constructor," implies that no arguments are utilized in it.
The No-argument or Zero argument function Object() { [native code] } is a function Object() { [native code] } that accepts no parameters. If we don't define a function Object() { [native code] } in a class, the compiler automatically builds one for the class (with no arguments). Additionally, the compiler does not create a default function Object() { [native code] } if we write a function Object() { [native code] } with arguments or without arguments.
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home-canned low-acid foods, such as beans and corn, may be contaminated with clostridium botulinum, a bacterium that produces a dangerous toxin. to destroy the toxin, the food should be
Answer: discarded
Explanation:
What is the total number of atp molecules produced through cellular respiration per molecule of glucose?.
Cellular respiration in a eukaryotic cell can convert one glucose molecule into 30 to 32 ATP.
How much ATP is created overall during cellular respiration per molecule of glucose?As a result, from a single molecule of glucose, up to 36 molecules of ATP can be created during the process of cellular respiration.
Why is the ATP 36 or 38?Because 2 ATPs are expended to power the movement of 2 NADH molecules into a mitochondria during cellular respiration, some textbooks claim that the net yield of eukaryotes is 36 ATPs (38 ATPs - 2 ATPs = 36 ATPs).
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20 points
Which of the following is a characteristic of sexual reproduction? Select all that apply.
A. Requires two parent organisms
B. Offspring are identical to the parent
C. Results in increasing the survival rate of the population
D. Extremely efficient
E. Can occur internally or externally
F. Offspring are genetically unique
A,E & F
In sexual reproduction two parent are involved, male and female gamete is formed to produce offspring that are genetically unique. This type of reproduction can be found in both plants and animals. It can occur internally or externally.
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What is a fixative? How and why must a fixative be used on fingerprints revealed by iodine furning?
Answer: When your finger is pressed down onto the paper, oils from the skin are transferred to the paper. These oils then react with the iodine vapor, producing a brown color that traces the fingerprint.
that is what fixative is
Explanation:
the step where the most atp is made is question 4 options: glycolysis krebs cycle oxidative phosphorylation fermentation
oxidative phosphorylation is the answer that fits the bill. Hence the correct option is D; The most ATP molecules are produced during oxidative phosphorylation because oxygen is used as the final electron acceptor, which results in the reduction of ATP to water.
An electrochemical gradient of 34 ATP molecules is created when electrons flow through a chain of cytochromes.
Because the citric acid cycle involves the cyclic passage of electrons via other intermediates including succinate, fumarate, and other compounds before returning to acetyl CoA, option an is wrong.
Because glycolysis only releases two ATP molecules along with pyruvate, option b is wrong. Four molecules of ATP are produced in total, but two molecules are used up in the process, leaving a net yield of just two molecules.
Because the bigger polymer of glucose is broken down into smaller monosaccharide units that are required in biological operations to create energy, option c—digesting starch to glucose—is wrong because digestion of starch needs ATP.
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Full Question :
Which of the following stages in the breakdown of the piece of toast you had for breakfast generates the most ATP?
a. the citric acid cycle
b. glycolysis
c. the digestion of starch to glucose
d. oxidative phosphorylation
Write two paragraphs to explain how a specific human activity, such as the use of fossil fuels, is leading to climate change (first paragraph) as well as how a specific mitigation strategy, such as switching to biofuels could mitigate climate change (second paragraph).
A specific human activity, such as the use of fossil fuels, is leading to climate change because it leads to the increase of harmful greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide, while we may mitigate climate change effects by reducing the emission of such gases and forestation.
What are greenhouse gases?Greenhouse gases are different types of gases present in the air such as carbon dioxide, water vapor and methane which trap the solar radiation before it may be spread to space, thereby increasing the temperature on the earth's surface.
We can change the effects of global warming and climate change by decreasing the industrial emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which may be achieved by decreasing the use of fossil fuels.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the effect of global climate change may be mitigated by human activity aimed at achieving this goal.
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two organisms mate and have offspring. how could you test to see if the parents were the same species?
The biological species idea states that organisms can only interbreed and generate viable, fruitful offspring within their own species.
The biggest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the right sexes or mating types can conceive a fertile offspring, usually by sexual reproduction, is referred to as a species. The amino acid sequence of a protein that is found in all species will differ. After a protein has been selected, its amino acid sequence in various species is compared. A closer relationship between two species is indicated by greater similarity or fewer differences. The genetic code and DNA show how life has a common ancestor.
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question 2 based on the results from your experiment, rank the antibiotics from the most effective to the least in controlling s. epidermidis. 13 word(s) penicillin was the most effective, then novobiocin, and the least was the gentamicin. question 3 how do the results compare to your hypothesis? explain why your hypothesis was/was not supported by the results.
Based on the results from your experiment, rank the antibiotics from the most effective to the least in controlling epidermidis. These aid by halting bacterial growth and infection spread.
A Gram-positive bacterium called S. epidermidis is a component of the flora of humans. Anaerobic bacteria are what it is. It promotes the growth of pathogens that are present in medical equipment. These may enter the bloodstream. Based on the results from your experiment, rank the antibiotics from the most effective to the least in controlling s. epidermidis.Molds produce a class of antibiotics known as penicillium. Actinomycetes produce the antibody known as novobiocin, which has antibacterial characteristics. Gentamicin is one of the antibodies that can treat infections and aid in halting bacterial development.
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In humans there are 23 pairs of chromosomes. One pair of the 23 are sex chromosomes. The other 22 pairs are known as?
Answer:D. 23 pairs of chromosomes are arranged from smallest to largest.
Explanation:
Cecropias are known for the mutualistic relationship they have with which creature?.
One of the most well-known pioneer plants in this region is cecropia. Their numerous particular adaptations, notably their close mutualistic association with Azteca ants, are largely responsible for their success (pictured left).
Describe the cecropia?Beautiful silk moths with reddish bodies and black to brown wings bordered by white, red, and tan bands are called cecropia moths. The cecropia moth, which can reach a wingspan of five to seven inches (13 to 18 centimeters), is the biggest moth to be seen in North America.
Can enormous moths harm you?Most adult moths are unable to bite anything, much less you, because they lack mouths. They generally don't sting either. Moths, on the other hand, start out as caterpillar larvae.
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a student using a compound light microscope is observing cells undergoing mitotic cell division. if the cells are from a bean plant which process the students will observe , explain the process in detail?
A compound light microscope is observing cells undergoing mitotic cell division. If the cells are from a bean plant this process is called Pairing of homologous chromosomes.
Two chromosomes in a pair—usually one inherited from the mother and one from the father. For example, the two copies of chromosome 1 in a cell are called homologous chromosomes. Homologous chromosome pairs, or homologues, are sets of maternal and paternal chromosomes that pair within a cell during fertilization. Although this organism is diploid, it has only one pair of chromosomes. They are homologous chromosomes because they have the same genes. However, it is possible to have different alleles of each gene, as the internal pattern suggests. Have the same relative position, value, or structure:
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Based on the model, which three statements are correct about the role of energy in photosynthesis?.
Plants absorb light energy from the sun, plants absorb chemical energy from the sun, and energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy.
What is photosynthesis? Green plants and other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis. Light energy is collected and used during photosynthesis in green plants to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into organic compounds rich in oxygen and energy. Where does photosynthesis take place? It takes place in the chloroplast, which houses chlorophyll. The thylakoid membrane is the third inner membrane that forms a long fold in the chloroplast and is surrounded by a double membrane, inside the chloroplast.
Question seems incomplete the complete question is ;
Based on the model, which of the three statements are correct all about the role of the energy in photosynthesis? A. The plant absorbs light was energy from the Sun. B. The plant is absorbs the chemical energy from the Sun. C. Energy from the Sun was converted into the chemical energy. D. The plant releases the heat energy from the Sun to its surroundings. E. The plant is uses energy from the Sun to be break the bonds of the glucose. F. Energy is from the Sun helps them form bonds between the water and carbon dioxide.
Hence option C is the correct option for the given question
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Which type of moderately repetitive dna would be least likely to change its location in the genome?.
The least probable type of tRNA gene to move within the genome is one with a somewhat repetitive DNA sequence.
What kind of DNA sequence is seen most frequently in eukaryotic genomes?Abstract. The majority of the nuclear DNA in most eukaryotic genomes is composed of repetitive DNA, which are sequence motifs repeated hundreds or thousands of times throughout the genome.
Is a DNA sequence's specific position known?Repetitive DNA sequences are abundant in eukaryotic genomes and are present in multiple copies (thousands, in some cases). The term "unique-sequence DNA" is used to describe the coding sections of genes, which are normally found in a single copy per haploid genome.
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what is the most important preventative measure against vibrio vulnificus primary septicemia?
Most illnesses can be avoided by avoiding raw oysters because they frequently result in V. vulnificus-related septicemia. Consuming only raw oysters during the winter can also help to lower the risk of infection.
Gram-negative bacteria called vibrios can be found in estuarine and marine environments1. They can be found living freely in seawater as well as colonizing filter-feeding animals like shellfish. Although it can grow at temperatures as high as 105°F (41°C), its ideal growing range is between 68 and 95°F (20 and 35°C).
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which of the following may explain irregular menstruation in physically active women?a. metaboreflex hypothesis *b. energy availability hypothesis c. lactate paradox d. hypothalamus hypothesis
(b) The energy availability hypothesis is the correct option that explains irregular periods in physically active women.
Irregular periods are often caused by a hormonal imbalance, especially estrogen and progesterone. our menstrual cycle can tell us a lot about our health. A regular period between puberty and menopause means your body is functioning normally. Menstrual problems, such as irregular periods or pain, can be a sign of a serious health problem. Menstrual problems can also lead to other health problems, including pregnancy problems. This cycle of changes occurs in women every month, positively for pregnancy it is called the menstrual cycle.
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Wave absorption results in some of the waves energy being converted into thermal energy.
When a wave is absorbed, the matter absorbs energy from the wave, reducing the amplitude in the process.
As an illustration, when a sound wave strikes foam padding, the energy passes through the material and occasionally transforms into heat or other types of energy.
What happens to a sound wave's energy when it is absorbed by a substance?The molecules of a medium, like water, absorb sound as it flows through them and catch it.
The medium really converts part of the sound wave's acoustic energy into heat.
One way that this occurs is that the sound's acoustic energy induces the medium's molecules to begin vibrating.
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the quadriceps group includes all of the following except the biceps femoris. vastus lateralis. vastus medialis. vastus intermedius. rectus femoris.
The quadriceps group includes all of the following muscles except for Biceps fumoirs.
What are quadriceps?
Four distinct muscles (the "heads") make up the quadriceps femoris, the first of which lies superficially to the other three over the femur (from the trochanters to the condyles):
The centre of the thigh is occupied by the rectus femoris muscle, which mostly encloses the other three quadriceps muscles. It comes from the ilium. Its straight route gave rise to its name.On the lateral side of the femur is the vastus lateralis muscle (i.e. on the outer side of the thigh).On the medial side of the femur is the vastus medialis muscle (i.e. on the inner part thigh).On the top or front of the thigh, between the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis, is where the vastus intermedius muscle is located.The quads, also known as the quadriceps femoris, are one of the strongest and densest muscle groups in the body and help to shape the majority of the thigh.The thigh muscles can be further divided by experts into three compartments:
the front, medial, posterior anterior (back of the thigh)The quadriceps are a part of the anterior compartment, which extends the leg at the knee to allow for stability and movement, along with the sartorius and iliopsoas muscles.Hence, The quadriceps group includes all of the following muscles except for Biceps fumoirs.
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In the Northern Hemisphere, climate scientists observe seasonal changes in carbon dioxide concentration with the highest levels measured in May and the lowest levels measured in October. Hypothesize how photosynthesis can affect these changes. Explain your answer in three to five sentences.
A plausible hypothesis associated with seasonal changes in carbon dioxide concentration being the highest levels measured in May and the lowest levels measured in October is that the rate of photosynthesis will be higher in May because carbon dioxide is a reactant.
What is the rate of photosynthesis?The rate of photosynthesis refers to the amount of photosynthetic products that are generated in a given unit of time, which are generally measured as units of biomass both for plants and algae.
The rate of photosynthesis depends on the presence of reactants for this process which includes sun light and also carbon dioxide, which is a fundamental substance in order to produce carbohydrates during this process.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that carbon dioxide is a reactant of photosynthesis and therefore its concentration is fundamental to carry out this process.
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What is the independent variable in the above experiment
Answer:
The colour of light bulb
Identify the physician who, in 1902, proposed a relationship between genes and the production of enzymes.
Sir Archibald Garrod, a British physician, was the first to postulate a link between genes and enzymes.
What connection exists between genes and enzymes?More specifically, the enzymes ultimately carry out the genetic code. ADVERTISEMENTS: Every step in metabolism is controlled by an enzyme, just as every biochemical pathway is. Enzymes are unique for each metabolic process, just as genes are for every single character.
Who made the decision that genes dictate which enzymes exist?As demonstrated by Beadle and Tatum, genes specify enzymes. It was discovered that several enzymes were absent in Neurospora mutants unable to produce arginine. The "one gene/one polypeptide" theory was advanced by Beadle and Tatum. According to the core dogma, information travels from DNA to RNA in cells.
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how do we recognize alleles that have recently been favored for selection, as opposed to those that have spread through the population farther in the past? explain your answer.
Natural selection will affect the heritable features of the population by favouring advantageous alleles and so increasing their frequency in the population, while favouring detrimental alleles and thereby decreasing their frequency. Adaptive evolution is the term for this.
A variant of the DNA sequence at a specific genomic site known as an allele may exist in two or more forms. For any chromosomal region where such variation exists, a person inherits two alleles, one from each parent. The person has homozygosity for that allele if the two alleles are identical. According to the definition of an allele given in the top textbooks on genetics and evolution, an allele is a different arrangement of the same nucleotides in the same location on a long DNA molecule.
Adaptive evolution is the process by which an organism undergoes evolutionary modifications to better fit its environment. Increased chances of surviving and procreating are the result of the alterations. The modifications make it possible for that specific creature to adapt to its surroundings. Positive selection allows beneficial mutations to spread, which is how adaptive evolution occurs.
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what was the hormone from set 3? explain your answer, accounting for any increase or decrease in organ sizes.
Hormones serve as chemical bloodstream messengers in your body. They go through the circulation to tissues or organs. They function gradually and have an impact on a variety of processes.
Hormones are chemicals that bloodstream act as messenger molecules in the body. They are made in one part of the body and then travel to other parts to help regulate how cells and organs operate. Pancreatic beta cells, for example, create the hormone insulin.
"Specialized glands create and synthesise hormones, which are substances that are utilised to drive and regulate the functioning of specific cells and organs; these specialised glands are known as endocrine glands."
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According to piaget's theory, which stage of development is between birth and 2 years of age during which the individual uses senses and motor abilities to interact with objects in the environment?.
The sensorimotor stage is the time when babies are developing their senses, knowledge and motor skills, and it lasts from birth to two years of age.
Basic reflex motions like sucking, flailing limbs, or shaking the head are a newborn's initial means of communication. To learn more about their environment and their body, they make use of their five senses: sight, touch, smell, taste, and hearing. Infants absorb knowledge about these encounters and discover how various factors affect their feelings. They also learn to distinguish between various items, persons, textures, and sights. Children begin to grasp the idea of cause and effect at this sensorimotor stage.
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Assume that a drop in parasite abundance reflects an effective immune response by the host.
What could explain the pattern revealed by your graph?
a) By the time the host developed an effective immune response to one surface glycoprotein, the parasite had changed to a different glycoprotein.
b) The host's immune response went through cycles of strength and weakness.
c) The host was infected by new Trypanosoma parasites three times during the course of the study.
d) The parasite went through regular, synchronized cycles of reproduction followed by death.
A parasitic is a living thing that inhabits or lives on the body of another species (its host) and derives its nourishment from the host.Whether the visit is parasite, mutualistic, or commensal, a host is a larger animal that accommodates a smaller organism.Usually, food and lodging are provided for guests.
How do parasites endure inside the human body?The term "parasite" refers to an organism that inhabits or lives on a living host of a species.They feed off of this host's nutrition to stay alive.We describe the various kinds of parasites or parasitic illnesses that can harm people in this article.
In which immune cells do parasites get treated?In addition to containing histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and proteases, basophils and mast cells also have IgE surface receptors. They play a role in the immediate form of hypersensitivity reactions as well as immunological responses to parasites.
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11) describe the defining characteristics of a lipid and be able to recognize a structural diagram of a lipid as being a lipid.
A. Lipids cannot dissolve in water.
Polymerization of molecules like carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen results in macromolecules, often known as polymers.
The mammalian system uses four different types of macro molecules, which are
lipids
proteins, carbs, and DNA
Lipids are large molecules that are hydrophobic, meaning they do not dissolve in water. They support the body's production of hormones and cell membranes.
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