The attack that compromises services that direct users toward a well-known or trusted website and redirects the traffic to a malicious site instead is called "Pharming."
It is a type of cyber attack that is used by hackers to redirect internet traffic from a legitimate website to a fraudulent one.
This is done by altering the Domain Name System (DNS) settings or by exploiting vulnerabilities in the router software to redirect the traffic to the attacker's site.Pharming is different from "Spear phishing," which is a targeted phishing attack where the attacker sends a fraudulent email to a specific individual or group of individuals to trick them into revealing sensitive information. Similarly, "Watering hole attack" is another type of cyber attack where the attacker targets a specific group of users by infecting websites that the group is likely to visit. The attacker then waits for the users to visit these infected sites and uses them to deliver malware or steal sensitive information.In conclusion, Pharming is a serious security threat as it can compromise the security of trusted websites and redirect traffic to malicious sites without the knowledge of the user. It is important to take appropriate security measures to prevent such attacks, such as keeping software and systems up to date, using strong passwords, and avoiding suspicious websites and links.Know more about the Domain Name System (DNS)
https://brainly.com/question/18274277
#SPJ11
In this assignment we will explore a specific way to delete the root node of the Binary Search Tree (BST) while maintaining the Binary Search Tree (BST) property after deletion. Your implementation will be as stated below:[1] Delete the root node value of the BST and replace the root value with the appropriate value of the existing BST .[2] Perform the BST status check by doing an In-Order Traversal of the BST such that even after deletion the BST is maintained.
This implementation assumes that the values in the BST are unique.
What is a Binary Search Tree (BST)?Sure, I can help you with that. Here's an implementation of the algorithm you described in Python:
```
class TreeNode:
def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
self.val = val
self.left = left
self.right = right
def inorder_traversal(root):
if root:
inorder_traversal(root.left)
print(root.val)
inorder_traversal(root.right)
def delete_root(root):
# case 1: empty tree
if not root:
return None
# case 2: root has no children
if not root.left and not root.right:
return None
# case 3: root has only one child
if not root.left:
return root.right
if not root.right:
return root.left
# case 4: root has two children
parent = root
successor = root.right
while successor.left:
parent = successor
successor = successor.left
if parent != root:
parent.left = successor.right
successor.right = root.right
successor.left = root.left
return successor
# example usage
root = TreeNode(5)
root.left = TreeNode(3)
root.right = TreeNode(7)
root.left.left = TreeNode(2)
root.left.right = TreeNode(4)
root.right.left = TreeNode(6)
root.right.right = TreeNode(8)
print("Before deletion:")
inorder_traversal(root)
root = delete_root(root)
print("After deletion:")
inorder_traversal(root)
```
This implementation assumes that the BST is a binary tree where each node has at most two children, and that the BST is implemented using the `TreeNode` class. The `delete_root` function takes a `TreeNode` object as input, representing the root of the BST to be deleted, and returns the new root of the BST after deletion. The `inorder_traversal` function takes a `TreeNode` object as input and performs an in-order traversal of the tree, printing the values of the nodes in ascending order.
The `delete_root` function first checks for the four possible cases of deleting the root node. If the tree is empty, it simply returns `None`. If the root node has no children, it also returns `None`.
If the root node has only one child, it returns that child node as the new root. If the root node has two children, it finds the in-order successor of the root node (i.e., the node with the smallest value in the right subtree) and replaces the root node with the successor node while maintaining the BST property.
Note that this implementation assumes that the values in the BST are unique. If the values are not unique, the `delete_root` function may need to be modified to handle cases where there are multiple nodes with the same value as the root node.
Learn more about BST
brainly.com/question/31199835
#SPJ11
Identify two possible scenarios each under which an active or passive attack can occur to the user or against the owner of the card. Describe how such attacks can be prevented?
Active and passive attacks can occur against users or owners of a card in various scenarios. To prevent these attacks, it is crucial to implement security measures such as encryption, authentication protocols, and user awareness training.
In the case of active attacks against the user or owner of a card, one possible scenario is phishing. In this scenario, an attacker may send deceptive emails or create fake websites to trick users into revealing their card information or login credentials. Another scenario is a man-in-the-middle attack, where an attacker intercepts the communication between the user and the legitimate card owner, gaining unauthorized access to sensitive information.
To prevent active attacks, users should be cautious when providing personal information online, avoid clicking on suspicious links or downloading attachments from unknown sources, and regularly update their devices and software to patch vulnerabilities.
In terms of passive attacks against the user or card owner, a common scenario is card skimming. In this scenario, attackers install devices on payment terminals or ATMs to capture card details, such as card numbers and PINs, without the user's knowledge. Another scenario is eavesdropping on wireless communication, where attackers intercept and collect sensitive data transmitted over unsecured networks.
To prevent passive attacks, users should be vigilant and inspect payment terminals for any signs of tampering, cover the keypad while entering PINs, and use secure and encrypted Wi-Fi networks whenever possible. Additionally, card issuers and merchants should regularly monitor their payment systems for any suspicious activities and implement security measures such as tamper-proof devices and strong encryption protocols to protect cardholder information.
learn more about Active and passive attacks here:
https://brainly.com/question/13151711
#SPJ11