where did genetic engineering come from

Answers

Answer 1
Genetic engineering based on recombination was pioneered in 1973 by American biochemists Stanley N. Cohen and Herbert W. Boyer, who were among the first to cut DNA into fragments, rejoin different fragments, and insert the new genes into E. coli bacteria, which then reproduced.
Answer 2
Genetic engineering based on recombination was pioneered in 1973 by American biochemists Stanley N. Cohen and Herbert W. Boyer,

Related Questions

Stand and let your hands hang next to your sides for a few minutes. Then, look at the backs of your hands. Do you see any bumps on the surface on top of your veins? What might those be, and what are their function?​

Answers

When you stand and let your hands hang next to your sides for a few minutes, the bumps you see on your veins are the valves that help move blood to the larger veins.

What we know about vein valves.

There are valves located throughout the veins in our bodies. Most of these are located in points where smaller venules fuse with the larger veins.

Their function is to prevent blood from flowing back into the smaller veins, thus helping with the normal blood flow of the body.

Given that the veins in our bodies are littered with small valves to help the blood return to the heart correctly, we can confirm that these are the small bumps that we can see when letting our hands down for a few mins, as they fill with the blood they try not to let flow back into the smaller veins.

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what do you think causes different phenotypes in organisms how does the phenotype depend on its genes (genotype)​

Answers

Answer:

They difference in phenotypes is dependent on the genes. The more dominant gene will overpower a recessive gene, or if there are two recessive genes together, that will be the phenotype. When things are cross breaded they introduce different genotypes that allow for different looking phenotypes.

Example: Dominant blue flower (Bb)  mixed with recessive yellow flower (bb)

        B            b

b       Bb          bb

b       Bb          bb

There is a 50/50 chance the offspring will be either blue or yellow

The differences in phenotypes are determined by genes. The more dominant gene will completely overwhelm a recessive gene, or if two recessive genes coexist, the phenotype will be that. When things are crossbred, unique genotypes are introduced, allowing for different-looking phenotypes.

What is phenotype?

A "phenotype" is simply an observable trait. "Pheno" simply means "observe," and it derives from the same root as "phenomenon."

The differences in phenotypes are determined by genes. The more dominant gene will completely overwhelm a recessive gene, or if two recessive genes coexist, the phenotype will be that.

When things are crossbred, unique genotypes are introduced, allowing for different-looking phenotypes.

Thus, in this way, phenotype is dependent on genotype of the organism.

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1. Explain how forces of attraction and repulsion exist within an atom.

Answers

Answer:

Oppositely charged particles attract each other, while like particles repel one another. Electrons are kept in the orbit around the nucleus by the electromagnetic force, because the nucleus in the center of the atom is positively charged and attracts the negatively charged electrons.

Explanation:

Answer:

1. Electrons surrounding a nucleus are attracted to the protons within it because electrons and protons have opposite charges. Electrons closest to the nucleus are attracted with such a force that they can’t escape from the atom. These electrons tend to shield the protons from electrons that are farther away because electrons have the same charge and repel each other. Electrons that are farther away have less attraction to the protons within the nucleus and are more likely to be detached from the atom.

2. Electrons can be transferred from atoms of one body to atoms of another body through friction. This can occur when one body is rubbed against another or when a liquid flows across a solid. In either case, one body may be given a positive charge while the other body is given a negative charge of the same magnitude. Both charges are developed at the same time. Electrons can also be transferred from one body to another when a charged body comes into contact with an uncharged body. The electrons move in the direction that will equalize the charges; thus, the uncharged body will be given the same charge as the charged body.

3. Free electrons move from points of negative charge to points of positive charge. When these electrons move freely from one point to another with little resistance, the material they’re traveling through is said to be a conductor. Conductors have a large number of free electrons. Insulators, on the other hand, have very few free electrons and offer great resistance to the movement of these electrons. Electric charges produced on one end of a body composed of insulating materials will most likely not spread throughout the body. In a conductor, this charge would spread throughout the entire body. Metals are generally conductors; oils, rubber, air, porcelain, and plastics are good insulators.

4.

Lightning is produced by the rapid transfer of free electrons when one of the following conditions exist: One part of a cloud is positively charged and a neighboring part of the same cloud is negatively charged. A positively charged cloud comes near a negatively charged cloud. A cloud with either a positive charge or a negative charge comes near the earth.

Explanation:

Pennfoster answer

Which one of the following organisms IS EATEN BY AN OMNIVORE in this food web?

If you don’t know the answer please don’t guess bc this is ixl and it’ll start me over.

Answers

Answer:

the cytoplankton

Explanation:

does photosynthesis occur in mushroom give a reason to support your answer​

Answers

Answer:

No

Explanation:

Although mushrooms and fungi have a cell wall like plant cells, fungi are unable to make their own food and must feed on decaying matter to gain the energy needed for survival.

Hope this helps :)

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Can someone pls help me with this (8th grade science)

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

As he kicks the ball the speed increases, where he kicks the ball also is a factor, since he kicks it in the same direction that is why it is choice A.

Plants have an added layer that animal cells do not. What is that added layer called?

Answers

Answer:

a cell wall

Explanation:

4.
______ describes the average conditions of our atmosphere over a long period
of time.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is Climate.

Answer: climate


Explanation: weather is what conditions of the atmosphere are over a short period of time, and CLIMATE is how the atmosphere “behaves” over relatively long periods of time.

The physical and chemical properties of elements change in predictable ways from one end of a period to another. Which of the following is true based on this feature of periodic table (p 312)?
Group of answer choices:
A : Potassium has more protons than Calcium
B : An atom of gold is smaller (atomic size) than an atom of platinum
C:The noble gases react with everything
D: Elements in Group 8 are more reactive than elements in Group 7
PLEASE AANYONE THIS IS MY LAST QUESTION ILL MARK BRAINLEST PLEASE!

Answers

Answer:

Are those your breast?

Explanation:

why this site

what adaptations facilitated movement of tetrapods to land - be sure to describe challenges that these adaptations helped them overcome.

Answers

Answer:

The second neck vertebra evolved to allow rotation of the neck for moving the head left and right. As tetrapod species continued to evolve on land, adaptations included seven or more vertebrae, allowing increasing neck mobility.

Explanation:

What is the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) within a cell?

A) Release carbon dioxide
B) Biological molecule that stores energy
C) Use glucose
D) Controls chemical reactions ​

Answers

Answer:

Its B. Biological molecule that stores energy

The answer is B.
Reason: ATP is essentially energy. It is a molecule that stores said energy from the cell.

What event changes an atom into an ion?

Answers

Answer:the gain or loss of one or more electrons (B)

Explanation:

how can drip irrigation be useful in farming​

Answers

Answer: It helps control the water better and more efficiently. It also helps to save water

Explanation:

Men who are kidnapped for human trafficking are usually held under debt bondage or _____.

soldiering
peonage
sex slavery
sex tourism

Answers

Answer:

It is Soldering not peonage

Explanation:

Peonage is what they do for Men not young boys.

Men who are kidnapped for human trafficking are usually held under debt bondage or peonage. Option B. This is further explained below.

What is peonage?

Generally, Men who are kidnapped for human trafficking are frequently held hostage.

In conclusion,  peonage defines Men who are kidnapped for human trafficking.

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Part D)
Think about pushing two boxes of different weights across the floor-one box is a lot heavier than the other box. How will the amount of force change as you push each box? Explain how this relates to energy expenditure of two people-one person who's heavler than the other.

This is on plato and edmentrum. :)​

Answers

Answer:

More force is needed to push the heavier box. Likewise, people who weigh more use more energy to move their bodies than people who weigh less.

Explanation:

copied directly from edmentum/plato

Answer:

More force is needed to push the heavier box. Likewise, people who weigh more use more energy to move their bodies than people who weigh less.

Explanation:

Which element is not found on most main sequence stars?

Answers

Answer:

Nitrogen is the right answer.

What happened when Earth's first atmosphere collapsed? Will mark you as brainliest!

- it created oxygen

-it formed the oceans

-it triggered an ice age

-it fell as rain, watering the earliest plants

Answers

Explanation:

solar radiation would break atmospheric water into oxygen, which would react with carbon on the Earth to form carbon dioxide. The air would still be too thin to breathe. The lack of atmosphere would chill the Earth's surface.Plants and land animals would die

If Jamal does not sleep for four days straight, he will most likely experience __(blank)__. a) jet lag
b) psychopathic behavior
c) hallucinations
d) REM

Answers

c) hallucinations dkdjdjdjjdjd

Answer:

b? ig I mean u could experiance all, but this is an 8th grader talking what do i know?

Explanation:

Plz help I don’t know the answer to this!!

Answers

Yea she is right its 28%

What is the correct order of a food chain containing the following organisms: quail (bird), desert shrub, coyote, snake?

Answers

Answer:

desert shrub - quail - snake - coyote

Explanation:

the quail bird eats the desert shrub, the snake eats the quail, the coyote (a-pex predator in this chain) eats the snake.

what position will kamala harris hold on sunday 20,2021

Answers

Answer:

Vice President?

Explanation:

Answer:

vice president she the first black woman,indian and woman to be vice president her innaguration was yesterday

Explanation:

EASY 10 POINTS

Why do plant cells need chloroplasts?

Answers

Answer:

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide gas to produce food for the plant. In this respect they are similar to mitochondria, but are found only in plants and protista.

Explanation:

mark BRAINLIST!

thx

What is insulin and why do people with Type 1 diabetes need it to survive?

Answers

Answer:

Insulin is needed to move blood sugar (glucose) into cells. Inside the cells, glucose is stored and later used for energy. With type 1 diabetes, beta cells produce little or no insulin.

Reasoning: Write a three sentence statement that connects your evidence to your claim
about living organisms.

Answers

Answer:

Living organisms such as birds, animals, plants and microorganisms form the biotic component while land, air and water form the abiotic components. Biotic and abiotic components interact with each other resulting in transfer and replenishment of energy and nutrients.

Explanation:

Name of Tail-like organelle used by some protist

Answers

Answer:

flagellum

Explanation:

Flagellum enable some protist to move

what is the fundamental unit of matter?

Answers

the atom is the fundamental unit of matter.

(hope this helps ^^)

what do you think about the human and his structure how it's made all the human structure​

Answers

Answer:

its a thousand of generation evolution i think as of darwins law of evolution

Answer:

Hey bro y have you came in my clan?

I m waiting for you....

I'll give u co leader

My id :- #LV89QRGCL

can someone quickly answer this i need to finish so many other things lol

Answers

Explanation:

A eukaryotic cell contains membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus, mitochondria, and an endoplasmic reticulum. Organisms based on the eukaryotic cell include protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals. These organisms are grouped into the biological domain Eukaryota.

Any organism which has a closed membrane for a nucleas is a eukaryotic cell.

(organisms who dont have a nuclear memebrane is called prokaryotic cell)

We have eukaryotic cells as we have nuclear membrane but a bactaria(a prokaryotic cell) doesnt have a nuclear memebrane and all of its nuclear substances are floating insdie it getting jumbled up.

(TRUE OR FALSE)
As discoveries were made that couldn't be explained by spontaneous generations, scientist came up with an updated version of the spontaneous generation model?
PLZ HELP WILL BRAINLIEST
IF U DONT KNOW THE ANSWER DONT U DARE

Answers

Answer: I'm pretty sure this is true

Explanation:

Elisa feel tired because she has a condition

Answers

Answer:

I'm sorry to hear that.

Answer: Its because she has diabetes.

Explanation: Her cells are not getting enough glucose.

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