Option (c), When the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office makes its long-range economic forecasts, it assumes the "normal" unemployment rate will be in the range of 5.0% to 5.5%.
The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) is a nonpartisan legislative agency established by Congress in 1974 to offer economic forecasts and budgetary analyses to aid Congress in its policymaking.
The normal rate of unemployment is defined as the lowest rate of unemployment that an economy can reach without triggering inflation. The Congressional Budget Office, in its long-range economic forecasts, assumes that the "normal" unemployment rate will be in the range of 5.0% to 5.5%.The CBO provides the following description of the natural rate of unemployment:
Natural rate of unemployment, also referred to as the NAIRU, or nonaccelerating inflation rate of unemployment, is the rate of unemployment that exists when the labor market is in equilibrium and there is no cyclical unemployment. At the natural rate, actual inflation will be equal to expected inflation, and the output gap (the difference between potential GDP and actual GDP) will be zero.
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case study
The Duel-career Family Dilemma
Kuala Lumpur: Which of these should come first: the family or
the career? This is the dilemma plaguing many of today's parents.
The constant need to rethink p
In the duel-career family dilemma, there is no one-size-fits-all answer as to whether the family or the career should come first. The prioritization of family or career is a deeply personal decision that depends on individual values, goals, and circumstances.
For some individuals, family may take precedence over career as they prioritize the well-being and needs of their loved ones. They may choose to make sacrifices in their career advancement or work-life balance to ensure a strong family foundation.
On the other hand, some individuals may prioritize their career aspirations, striving for professional success and financial stability. They may invest significant time and energy into their work, which could impact their availability and involvement in family life.
It is essential to recognize that there is no right or wrong answer in this dilemma, and individuals must find a balance that works best for them and their families. Open communication, shared decision-making, and mutual support between partners are crucial in navigating this dilemma effectively. Ultimately, the key lies in finding a harmonious integration of family and career that aligns with individual values and allows for personal fulfillment in both domains.
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According to Little's Law, which statement is correct for a stable process: O a. For a given throughput, the average inventory is independent of the average flow time O b. For a given throughput, incr
According to Little's Law, for a stable process, the statement that is correct is For a given throughput, the average inventory is independent of the average flow time.
Little's Law is a theorem that relates the average number of items in a queue to the average rate at which items are added or removed from the queue. This theorem is important in operations management, industrial engineering, and computer science. According to Little's Law, the average inventory (I) in a stable process is equal to the average flow rate (R) multiplied by the average flow time (T):I = R * T
Therefore, for a given throughput (R), the average inventory (I) is proportional to the average flow time (T). This means that if the average flow time increases, the average inventory also increases and vice versa.However, for a stable process, the throughput (R) is constant. This means that if the average flow time increases, the average inventory must also increase to maintain a stable process. Therefore, for a given throughput (R), the average inventory is independent of the average flow time (T).
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You are a supervisor of both hourly and salaried personnel. What
methods would you use to motivate/reward each group? Would the
method/reward be the same for both groups? Why?
As a supervisor of both hourly and salaried personnel, the following methods would be used to motivate/reward each group: The following methods would be used to motivate/reward hourly personnel:
-Offering paid time off as a reward-Increasing pay for exceptional work-Providing cash incentives for exceptional performance-Providing flexible work schedules-Providing opportunities for professional development-Providing verbal and written feedback that is positive and motivational.-Providing recognition programs for good performance.
For the salaried personnel, the following methods would be used to motivate/reward them:-Bonuses and incentives based on their job performance-Providing opportunities for career advancement-Providing them with perks and benefits like company vehicles or free gym memberships.-Providing opportunities for professional development-Providing verbal and written feedback that is positive and motivational-Providing recognition programs for good performance.
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Hill Company sells merchandise on account for $17,083 to Karr Company with credit terms of 9/10, n/30. Karr Company returns $ 1,879 of merchandise that was damaged, along with a check to settle the account within the discount period. What is the amount of the discount? Round your answer to two decimal places and as always, do not write the $ sign.
Comprest Company has the following account balances: Purchases of $ 9,525, Purchase Returns and Allowances of $ 638, Purchase Discounts of $ 1,647, Freight-In of $ 174, Freight-Out of $ 69,and Beginning Inventory of $ 2,079. What is their Cost of Goods Purchased?
The amount of the discount is $169.77.
The Cost of Goods Purchased is $10,761.
1. Calculation of the discount:
The credit terms of 9/10, and n/30 mean that the buyer, Karr Company, is eligible for a 9% discount if payment is made within 10 days. In this case, Karr Company returned $1,879 of the damaged merchandise and settled the account within the discount period. To calculate the discount amount, we multiply the total amount of merchandise returned ($1,879) by the discount rate (9%):
Discount = $1,879 * 0.09 = $168.72
Therefore, the amount of the discount is $168.72.
2. Calculation of Cost of Goods Purchased:
To calculate the Cost of Goods Purchased for Compressed Company, we need to consider the following components:
- Purchases: $9,525
- Purchase Returns and Allowances: $638 (This represents merchandise returned by Compressed Company to its suppliers.)
- Purchase Discounts: $1,647 (This represents the discounts received by Compressed Company for paying its suppliers within the discount period.)
- Freight-In $174 (This represents the transportation costs incurred to bring the inventory to Comprest Company's location.)
- Freight-Out: $69 (This represents the transportation costs incurred to ship the inventory to customers.)
To calculate the Cost of Goods Purchased, we subtract the returns and allowances, purchase discounts, freight-in, and freight-out from the purchases:
Cost of Goods Purchased = Purchases - Purchase Returns and Allowances - Purchase Discounts + Freight-In - Freight-Out
Cost of Goods Purchased = $9,525 - $638 - $1,647 + $174 - $69
Cost of Goods Purchased = $10,635
Therefore, the Cost of Goods Purchased for Compressed Company is $10,635.
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Bunyon Lumber Company incurs a cost of $394 per hundred board feet (hbf) in processing certain "rough-cut" lumber, which it sells for $562 per hbf. An alternative is to produce a "finished cut" at a total processing cost of $525 per hbf, which can be sold for $776 per hbf. Prepare a differential analysis dated August 9 on whether to sell rough-cut lumber (Alternative 1) or process further into finished-cut lumber (Alternative 2). For those boxes in which you must enter subtracted or negative numbers use a minus sign. Differential Analysis Sell Rough-Cut (Alt. 1) or Process Further into Finished Cut (Alt. 2) August 9 Differential Effect Sell Rough-Cut (Alternative 1) Process Further into Finished Cut (Alternative 2) (Alternative 2) on Income Revenues, per 100 board ft. Costs, per 100 board ft. Income (Loss), per 100 board ft. Determine whether to sell rough-cut lumber (Alternative 1) or process further into finished-cut lumber (Alternative 2).
Differential Analysis Sell Rough-Cut (Alt. 1) or Process Further into Finished Cut (Alt. 2) August 9 Differential Effect Sell Rough-Cut (Alternative 1)Process Further into Finished Cut (Alternative 2) Revenues, per 100 board ft.562776Costs, per 100 board ft.394525 Income (Loss), per 100 board ft.168251 .
(Alternative 2). The differential analysis for the two alternatives is given below: The differential effect on revenues, costs, and income is shown above. The analysis indicates that the company should process further into finished-cut lumber since this alternative provides a higher income than selling rough-cut lumber. The differential income per 100 board ft. is $83 ($251 − $168). Therefore, if the company is going to sell more than 100 board ft., it will generate more revenue by processing further into finished-cut lumber. The analysis assumes that the company is able to sell all the lumber produced. It also assumes that there are no additional fixed costs associated with processing the lumber into finished-cut lumber.
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help
Examples of organizational teams can include all of the following EXCEPT Task force. O Work unit. O Quality team. O Project manager. O Cross functional
Organizational teams are groups of people who work together to achieve common goals. They usually consist of employees from different departments and have various responsibilities. In general, there are many types of organizational teams, but a few examples include work units, quality teams, and cross-functional teams.
However, task forces are not typically considered organizational teams. A task force is usually a temporary team that is assembled to handle a specific problem or task.
A work unit is a group of employees who work together on a specific project or task. They typically share a common goal and have a specific set of responsibilities. Quality teams are groups of employees who work together to improve the quality of the organization's products or services. Cross-functional teams are groups of employees from different departments who work together on a specific project or task.
In contrast, a task force is usually a temporary team that is assembled to handle a specific problem or task. They may include employees from different departments or even different organizations. Once the task is complete, the task force is disbanded. Therefore, while task forces are important in their own right, they are not usually considered organizational teams.
In conclusion, organizational teams are groups of people who work together to achieve common goals. Examples of organizational teams include work units, quality teams, and cross-functional teams. However, task forces are not typically considered organizational teams.
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Effect of Inventory Errors During the taking of its physical inventory on December 31, 20Y3, Sellers Company incorrectly counted its inventory as $276,350 instead of the correct amount of $298,460. Indicate the effect of the misstatement on Sellers's December 31, 20Y3, balance sheet or income statement for the year ended December 31, 20Y3. For each, select if the amount is overstated or understated. Then, input the over or under amount, entered as a positive value. Cost of goods sold Current assets Gross profit Inventory Net income Stockholders' equity Total assets 0⁰⁰⁰⁰00
The effect of inventory errors during the taking of its physical inventory on December 31, 20Y3, resulted in an understatement of the cost of goods sold, an overstatement of the gross profit, current assets, inventory, and stockholders' equity, and an overstatement of net income.
Inventory errors during the taking of physical inventory can have a major effect on a company's financial statements. Sellers Company incorrectly counted its inventory as $276,350 instead of the correct amount of $298,460. This error resulted in an understatement of the cost of goods sold, an overstatement of the gross profit, current assets, inventory, and stockholders' equity, and an overstatement of net income.Cost of goods sold is understated as it does not include the entire amount of inventory, leading to an overstatement of gross profit. The current assets are overstated, since inventory is a current asset and this leads to an overstatement of inventory, which is also overstated due to the inventory being understated.The stockholders' equity will also be overstated since retained earnings are affected by net income. Since net income is overstated, retained earnings will be overstated, thus leading to an overall overstatement of stockholders' equity.
Inventory errors during the taking of physical inventory can have a major effect on a company's financial statements. In this case, Sellers Company's inventory error resulted in an understatement of the cost of goods sold, an overstatement of the gross profit, current assets, inventory, and stockholders' equity, and an overstatement of net income.
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Search the library and the Internet for information pertaining to the ethical violation made by an organization, past or present, and be sure not to identify the organization. See if this incident has occurred in other organizations; give 2 examples and their outcomes. (OWN WORDS)
The world has witnessed countless ethical violations committed by organizations, some of which are too gruesome to even imagine. Ethical violations come in various forms, including se-xual harassment, fraud, conflicts of interest, and unfair labor practices.
One notable example of ethical violations occurred in 2002 when Enron, one of the largest energy companies in the world, filed for bankruptcy. The company's executives were accused of defrauding their investors by manipulating their financial statements and concealing the company's losses. The Enron scandal shook the world and prompted the government to impose more stringent financial reporting regulations on companies. The second example is Wells Fargo, the third-largest bank in the United States, which was involved in a massive scandal in 2016. The bank was accused of opening millions of unauthorized accounts for their clients, charging them unnecessary fees, and engaging in other unethical practices. The bank's CEO, John Stumpf, resigned after the scandal broke out, and the bank was fined $185 million. In conclusion, ethical violations by organizations are a serious issue that affects not only the company but also its clients and the society at large. Organizations that engage in unethical practices must be held accountable and must take steps to restore the trust of their clients and the public.
Enron Scandal:
Enron was an American energy company founded in 1985 that became one of the largest energy companies in the world. However, in 2002, the company filed for bankruptcy due to the illegal practices of its executives. The company's executives were accused of defrauding their investors by manipulating their financial statements and concealing the company's losses. In particular, they used off-balance sheet transactions to hide the company's debts, inflated their earnings, and paid themselves huge bonuses. When the scandal broke out, Enron's stock price plummeted, and the company went bankrupt. The Enron scandal had a significant impact on the business world and prompted the government to impose more stringent financial reporting regulations on companies.
Wells Fargo Scandal:
Wells Fargo is an American multinational financial services company that offers banking, insurance, and investment services. However, in 2016, the bank was involved in a massive scandal that tarnished its reputation. The bank was accused of opening millions of unauthorized accounts for their clients, charging them unnecessary fees, and engaging in other unethical practices. The bank's CEO, John Stumpf, resigned after the scandal broke out, and the bank was fined $185 million. The scandal had a significant impact on the bank's clients, many of whom lost their trust in the bank. The scandal also prompted the government to impose more stringent regulations on banks and financial institutions to prevent similar incidents in the future.
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A power made operative against another’s will is known as ______.
a. social power
b. control
c. force
d. empowerment
e. constructive resistance
A power made operative against another’s will is known as ______. c. force
A power made operative against another's will is known as force. Force implies the use of physical or psychological strength to compel or coerce someone to act or behave in a certain way against their desires or without their consent.
When power is exerted against another person's will, it is referred to as force. Force implies the use of coercion or physical or psychological strength to make someone comply or act against their own desires or interests. It involves an imposition of power without the consent or cooperation of the other party.
Force is a term used to describe the exertion of power over another individual against their will. It involves using physical or psychological means to compel or control someone's actions.
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The owner of a large manufacturing firm just received a production schedule for an order for 30 large marine engines. Over the next 5 months, the company is to produce 2, 3, 5, 8, and 12 engines, respectively. The first unit took 30.000 direct labor hours, and experience on past projects indicates that a 90 percent learning curve is appropriate; therefore , the second unit will require only 27.000 hours. Each employee wokrs an average of 150 hours per month. Estimate the total number of full-time employess needed each month for the next 5 month.
the total number of full-time employees needed each month for the next 5 months is 173
In order to calculate the total number of full-time employees needed each month for the next 5 months to produce 30 marine engines, the following steps need to be taken:
Step 1: Calculate the total direct labor hours required to produce 30 marine engines.Let's use the concept of the learning curve to calculate this.
The formula used to calculate the learning curve is: Y = aX^b,
where Y is the time required for the n-th unit, X is the cumulative production quantity up to and including the n-th unit, a is the time required for the first unit, and b is the log of the learning rate divided by the log of 2.
Therefore, the total number of direct labor hours required to produce 30 engines is as follows:
Y1 = 30,000 hours (for the first unit)
a = 30,000
b = log(0.90)/log(2) = -0.152
Y2 = a(2^b) = 27,000 hours
Y3 = a(3^b) ≈ 25,342 hours
Y4 = a(4^b) ≈ 24,007 hours
Y5 = a(5^b) ≈ 22,849 hours
Total direct labor hours required = Y1 + Y2 + Y3 + Y4 + Y5= 30,000 + 27,000 + 25,342 + 24,007 + 22,849= 129,198 hours.
Step 2: Calculate the total number of employee hours required per month.The total number of employee hours required per month can be calculated by dividing the total direct labor hours required by the total number of months available.
Total employee hours required per month = Total direct labor hours required ÷ Total number of months= 129,198 hours ÷ 5 months= 25,840 hours per month.
Step 3: Calculate the total number of full-time employees required per month.The average number of hours worked by each employee per month is given as 150 hours.
Therefore, the total number of full-time employees required per month can be calculated by dividing the total employee hours required per month by the average number of hours worked by each employee per month.
Total number of full-time employees required per month = Total employee hours required per month ÷ Average number of hours worked by each employee per month= 25,840 hours per month ÷ 150 hours per month= 172.27 ≈ 173 employees.
Therefore, the total number of full-time employees needed each month for the next 5 months is 173.
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i
need the steps for both question
36-A project of $1.5 million has adverse event that has the probability of 60% of occurrence and a potential loss of 25,000$.this represent an expected negative value of: A:15,000$ B;1,500,000$ C:1,50
The 95% confidence interval for Project A is $151,000 to $249,000 and for Project B is $202,000 to $398,000.
Given information: A company has two projects - Project A and Project B. Project A has an expected value of $200,000 and a standard deviation of $25,000. Project B has an expected value of $300,000 and a standard deviation of $50,000. Calculate the 95% confidence interval for Project A and Project B.Using the 100-word summary, the steps for finding the 95% confidence interval for Project A and Project B are given below:Step 1: Find the z-value using the 95% confidence interval level and the z-table. Step 2: Calculate the margin of error by multiplying the z-value with the standard deviation of the projects.Step 3: Find the upper and lower limit for the confidence interval by adding and subtracting the margin of error from the expected value.
95% confidence interval for Project A:
Step 1: For a 95% confidence interval, the z-value is 1.96.
Step 2: Margin of error = z × standard deviation = 1.96 × $25,000 = $49,000
Step 3: Upper limit = expected value + margin of error = $200,000 + $49,000 = $249,000 Lower limit = expected value - margin of error = $200,000 - $49,000 = $151,000
Thus, the 95% confidence interval for Project A is $151,000 to $249,000.
95% confidence interval for Project B:
Step 1: For a 95% confidence interval, the z-value is 1.96.
Step 2: Margin of error = z × standard deviation = 1.96 × $50,000 = $98,000
Step 3: Upper limit = expected value + margin of error = $300,000 + $98,000 = $398,000 Lower limit = expected value - margin of error = $300,000 - $98,000 = $202,000
Thus, the 95% confidence interval for Project B is $202,000 to $398,000.
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What are the potential mind fields for HR involving
Co-Employment?
Should companies simply not hire temporary workers or
independent contractors?
The potential mind fields for HR involving Co-Employment include the threat of financial penalties, legal liabilities, reputational damage, and lack of control over the workforce.
Co-Employment is a unique employer-employee relationship where two or more firms are liable for the same worker's welfare. For instance, when an employee works for Company A, but the employee's pay, tax returns, and benefits are handled by Company B, Company A, and Company B share a Co-Employment agreement.What are the potential mind fields for HR involving Co-Employment?The potential mind fields for HR involving Co-Employment include:
1. Threat of financial penalties and legal liabilities. Co-Employment exposes firms to the potential of lawsuits and compliance fines if they are unable to meet the compliance requirements.
2. Reputational damage. Co-Employment may lead to bad press and damage a company's reputation if one of the employers violates workers' rights.
3. Lack of control over the workforce. Co-Employment creates the need for firms to share control over the workforce with another firm, which can lead to conflicts over work schedules and job responsibilities.Should companies simply not hire temporary workers or independent contractors?No, companies should hire temporary workers and independent contractors if it makes sense for their business. Companies must be aware of the risks and potential pitfalls of Co-Employment. However, when it comes to short-term projects or specialized work, companies can benefit from hiring temporary workers or independent contractors rather than full-time employees.
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How HRM has been influenced by the changes brought by globalization, technology, nature of work. What it meant by high performance work system and its main characteristics /or practices
Human Resource Management (HRM) refers to the practices and policies adopted by an organization to manage its workforce. HRM has been influenced by the changes brought by globalization, technology, nature of work, among others.
Globalization has led to the emergence of a new economic environment that demands a more skilled, versatile, and diverse workforce. This has resulted in a more competitive business environment where organizations must adapt to stay relevant and productive. Technology has significantly impacted HRM by changing how organizations recruit, train, and retain their employees. The internet has made it easier to advertise job openings, screen resumes, and conduct remote interviews. Nature of work has also changed HRM practices. Most employees are now working remotely, which has led to the need for organizations to adopt policies that allow their employees to work from home effectively. High-performance work system (HPWS) refers to a set of practices that lead to superior performance.
The main characteristics of HPWS include the following: Employee Involvement – HPWS encourages employee participation in the decision-making process. Knowledge Management – HPWS focuses on providing employees with the necessary knowledge and resources to perform their tasks effectively.
Reward System – HPWS provides incentives and rewards to employees who perform well. Work Design – HPWS focuses on designing jobs in a way that allows employees to use their skills effectively and to experience job satisfaction.
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Professor Wilson works to provide perpetual Seme-annual scholarship fund for $1800. will be deposited in a fund that can money an intersest give of 6% compounded semiannually, therefore, minimum present som of money required for the scholarship is nearly.
The minimum present sum of money required for the perpetual scholarship fund is $60,000.So, the minimum present sum of money required for the scholarship is approximately $60,000.
The formula for the present value of a perpetuity is:PV = C / r Where PV is the present value, C is the annual cash flow, and r is the interest rate.
In this case, the annual cash flow (C) is $1800, and the interest rate (r) is 6% compounded semiannually. To calculate the semi-annual interest rate, we divide the annual interest rate by 2, and convert it to a decimal:
Semi-annual interest rate = 6% / 2 = 0.06 / 2 = 0.03
Now we can calculate the present value:
PV = $1800 / 0.03 = $60,000Therefore, the minimum present value of money required for the perpetual semi-annual scholarship fund is approximately $60,000.
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FILL THE BLANK. Jan and Megan are discussing their new business idea over lunch. Jan pulls out a napkin and draws an x-/y- graph showing where their competitors "live." After finishing his sandwich, Megan says "Jan...you drew a _________"
Options:
1. perceptual map
2. implicit competitor's space
3. demographic systems analysis
4. targeting space with mustard stains
5. competitor's space analysis
Jan drew a perceptual map. A perceptual map is a marketing research technique that is used to visualize the relationships between consumers' mental perceptions of products and brands.
Jan drew a perceptual map, which helps marketers see the competitive space in which they are competing and how consumers perceive their brand in relation to competitors. The graph he drew helped to show the positioning of their products in relation to those of their competitors. The perceptual map is a tool that can be used to analyze and understand the market and to make informed decisions about product development and marketing strategies. Therefore, Option 1 is the correct answer.
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Radovitsky Manufacturing Company in Hayward, California, thing is fortay. They proti has the capability of producing 95 per day. Setting up the light production cost $51. The contacto a) What is the optimal size of the production run? units (round your response to the nearest whom rumber) b) What is the average holding cost per year? (round your response to the deplaces) c) What is the average setup cost per year? $(round your response to two decimal places) d) What is the total cost per year, including the cost of the light? $ (round your response to two decimal places Question 5 of 5 production fact, 200 Radovilsky Manufacturing Company, in Hayward, California, makes fashing lights for toys. The company reres has the capability of producing 05 per day Setting up the light production costs $51. The cost of each light is 505 The holding at 10 pers a) What is the optimal size of the production run? b) What is the average holding cost per year? $ c) What is the average setup cost per year? S d) What is the total cost per year, including the cost of the lights? units (round your response to the nearest whole number (round your response to two decimal places) (round your response to two decimal places
The optimal size of the production run is 24 units, the average holding cost per year is $252.50, the average setup cost per year is $122.73, and the total cost per year, including the cost of the lights is $11,545.23.
a) The optimal size of the production run is 24. To get the optimal size of the production run, use the following formula:
EOQ = sqrt((2DS)/H)
where D = annual demand = 200 x 365 = 73000S = setup cost per order = $51H = holding cost per unit per year = (10% x 505) = $50.50
Substituting the values, we get:
EOQ = sqrt((2 x 73000 x 51)/50.5) = 23.91 ≈ 24 units
b) The average holding cost per year is $252.50. To get the average holding cost per year, multiply the optimal size of the production run by the holding cost per unit per year.
Then divide it by 2. That is, HC = (Q/2) × H where Q is the optimal size of the production run.
Substituting the values, we get:
HC = (24/2) x 50.5 = $252.50c)
The average setup cost per year is $122.73.
To get the average setup cost per year, divide the annual setup cost by the optimal size of the production run.
That is, SC = DS/Q
Substituting the values, we get: SC = (73000/24) x 51 = $122.73d)
The total cost per year, including the cost of the lights is $11,545.23. To get the total cost per year, add the annual holding cost to the annual setup cost and the annual cost of the lights.
That is, TC = HC + SC + AC
Substituting the values, we get:
TC = 252.50 + 122.73 + (505 x 73000) = $11,545.23
Therefore, the optimal size of the production run is 24 units, the average per year is $252.50, the average setup cost per year is $122.73, and the total cost per year, including the cost of the lights is $11,545.23.
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Consider the general version of the Phillips curve below: πt = π₁ + (m + 2) - aut. 1. (8 points) Using the equation above, answer the following questions. (a) (2 points) Solve for the natural rate of unemployment as a function of the parameters of the model. (Hint: evaluate the equation in the medium-run equilibrium and solve for the unemployment rate). (b) (3 points) Using your previous result, re-write the Phillips curve as a function of the inflation rate, the expected inflation rate, the unemployment rate, and the natural rate of unemployment. (c) (3 points) As of April 2022, the unemployment rate in the U.S. was 3.6%. On a T.V. interview, a famous labor economist said "The low unemployment rate in the U.S. economy may seem like a good thing now, but it will push inflation above expectations in the near future.". Using your previous results, briefly explain what the labor economist meant.
A low unemployment rate can lead to higher inflation as firms compete for labor, causing actual inflation to exceed expectations.
(a) To solve for the natural rate of unemployment, we need to evaluate the equation πt = π₁ + (m + 2) - aut in the medium-run equilibrium. In the medium run, the inflation rate (πt) is equal to the expected inflation rate (π₁), and there is no output gap (m = 0). Rearranging the equation, we get the natural rate of unemployment as aut = (π₁ + 2).
(b) By substituting the values from part (a) into the Phillips curve equation, we can rewrite it as πt = π₁ - (u - aut). Here, πt is the inflation rate, π₁ is the expected inflation rate, u is the unemployment rate, and aut is the natural rate of unemployment.
(c) The labor economist's statement suggests that a low unemployment rate (3.6% in April 2022) may lead to future inflation above expectations. When the unemployment rate is below the natural rate, it implies that the economy is operating above its potential. This can create pressure on wages and prices as firms compete for scarce labor resources. As a result, workers may demand higher wages, and firms may increase prices to maintain profitability. These expectations of future inflation can cause the actual inflation rate to exceed the expected inflation rate, leading to an inflationary environment.
In summary, the labor economist's statement indicates that a low unemployment rate can lead to expectations of higher inflation in the future. This is due to the potential pressure on wages and prices when the economy operates above its natural rate of unemployment, resulting in an increase in the actual inflation rate compared to the expected inflation rate.
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the short-run total cost curve is represented by the letters _____, and the long-run total cost curve is represented by the letters _____.
The short-run total cost curve is represented by the letters STC, and the long-run total cost curve is represented by the letters LTC.In economics, the short-run is a period during which only some of a company's factors of production are variable, and the rest are fixed.
The amount of time the firm needs to change its production level in response to a price change is determined by the length of the short-run period. As a result, the short-run cost curve of the company is defined by the different levels of output achievable with the set of fixed factors and different variable factors' costs. In the short run, there is always at least one fixed input, and so at least one cost is fixed. In a short run, the company can adjust the number of variable resources but cannot change the amount of fixed resources it has. As a result, the cost curve varies with the level of output produced. STC is an abbreviation for the short-run total cost curve.On the other hand, long-run is a period of time during which all factors of production are variable. As a result, in the long run, a firm can alter all inputs, allowing for a greater degree of flexibility in terms of cost savings. The long-run cost curve of a firm is the relationship between output and cost when all inputs are variable. The LTC is an abbreviation for the long-run total cost curve.In summary, STC stands for short-run total cost curve, and LTC stands for long-run total cost curve.
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E3-4 Identifying Accrual Basis Expenses [LO3-1, LO3-2] Under accrual basis accounting, expenses are recognized when incurred, which means the activity giving rise to the expense has occurred. Required
Under accrual basis accounting, expenses are recognized when incurred, meaning they are recorded in the period in which the activity giving rise to the expense occurs.
Determine what are the Accrual Basis Expenses?Accrual basis accounting recognizes expenses when they are incurred, regardless of when the cash payment is made. This means that expenses are recognized in the period in which the activity or event that creates the expense takes place, rather than when the cash is actually paid.
For example, if a company receives an electricity bill in December but the billing period covers November, the expense will be recognized in November when the electricity was consumed, rather than in December when the bill is paid.
Similarly, if a company provides services to a customer in September but the payment is received in October, the expense will be recognized in September when the services were provided.
By recognizing expenses when they are incurred, accrual basis accounting provides a more accurate reflection of a company's financial performance during a specific period, even if the cash flows associated with those expenses occur at a different time.
This allows for better matching of revenues and expenses, providing a more accurate picture of the company's profitability.
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Explain how the bank’s decisions to increase loan loss provision
will affect the above balance sheet and income statement.
Balance Sheet (all values in £) Assets Cash Deposits with other Fls Investments (OECD gov. bonds) Repo Agreement Loans Premises ΤΑ Income Statement (all values in £) Interest Income Interest Expen
When a bank decides to increase its loan loss provision, it will have an impact on both the balance sheet and the income statement. Let's explore how these decisions will affect each of these financial statements.
Balance Sheet:
Loans: The increase in loan loss provision will lead to a decrease in the value of loans on the balance sheet. This is because the provision represents an estimation of potential losses on the loans. As a result, the bank's total assets will decrease.
Deposits with other Financial Institutions: The increase in loan loss provision may affect the bank's liquidity position. If the provision is funded by reducing the bank's deposits with other financial institutions, this asset item on the balance sheet will decrease.
Cash: If the bank chooses to allocate cash towards increasing the loan loss provision, the cash balance will decrease, impacting the bank's liquidity.
Income Statement:
Interest Income: The increase in loan loss provision will lead to a reduction in the net interest income of the bank. This is because the provision is set aside to cover potential losses on loans, which directly affects the interest income earned by the bank.
Interest Expense: The provision may also impact the interest expense of the bank, depending on the specific accounting treatment. If the bank recognizes the provision as an expense, it will increase the interest expense on the income statement.
Net Income: The increase in loan loss provision will result in a decrease in the bank's net income. This is because the provision is deducted from the interest income, reducing the overall profitability of the bank.
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Mr. Blah and Mrs. Bleh, are friends and they met at university when they were studying Business Law at Universty. They share a passion for virtual reality and virtual games. After completing their studies, they decided to start up a new business based on Mr. Blah's idea regarding a virtual reality without glasses. Mr. Blah's idea consists of a very powerful projector with a lot of speakers of different sizes and overall software that changes the video and the involving sound taking into account upon user's viewing. There is also a very incipient augmented virtual reality.
Mr. Blah and Mrs. Bleh, friends who share a passion for virtual reality, decided to start up a new business after completing their studies in business law at university. The business idea, proposed by Mr. Blah, is a virtual reality without glasses.
Mr. Blah and Mrs. Bleh, friends who share a passion for virtual reality, decided to start up a new business after completing their studies in business law at university. The business idea, proposed by Mr. Blah, is a virtual reality without glasses. Mr. Blah's idea involves a very powerful projector with a lot of speakers of different sizes and overall software that changes the video and the involving sound taking into account upon user's viewing, with a very incipient augmented virtual reality.Mr. Blah's idea for a virtual reality without glasses could be a breakthrough in the industry as it could potentially offer a more immersive experience than current virtual reality systems. The idea of using a powerful projector, along with a lot of speakers of different sizes and software that takes into account user viewing preferences, could allow for a more personalized and realistic virtual reality experience. The inclusion of augmented virtual reality could also add a new level of immersion to the experience, allowing users to interact with virtual objects in the real world.With this idea, Mr. Blah and Mrs. Bleh have an opportunity to create a unique and innovative product that could potentially revolutionize the virtual reality industry. The business may require significant investment in research and development, but if successful, it could be a profitable and rewarding venture. In conclusion, Mr. Blah and Mrs. Bleh's idea for a virtual reality without glasses has the potential to be a game-changer in the industry, and with the right investment and execution, could be a highly successful venture. The speakers and the projector proposed would enable a more personalized and realistic virtual reality experience.
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In economics the term marginal is most closely associated with which of the following? Oa. Complete Ob.Low quality Oc. Change Od. Total Marginal revenue changes as what changes? Oa. The amount of taxes paid. Ob. The amount of output sold. Oc. The total costs of production. Od. The number of buyers in the market.
Marginal is an important concept in economics because it helps businesses make decisions about production and pricing by measuring the additional cost or benefit of small changes in output or consumption.
In economics, the term "marginal" is most closely associated with change. It refers to the additional benefit or cost resulting from a small change in the production or consumption of a good or service. Marginal revenue changes as the amount of output sold changes.
This means that as a company produces and sells more goods or services, their marginal revenue will also increase. Marginal revenue can be calculated by dividing the change in total revenue by the change in output sold.
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If a firm has fixed costs of $24,000, a price of $4.50, and a breakeven point of 12,000 units, the variable cost per unit is: Multiple Choice $3.50 $4.50 $2.50 $1.00
The variable cost per unit, given fixed costs, price, and breakeven point.
The breakeven point is the level of output at which a company's total revenue equals its total costs, resulting in zero profit or loss. In this case, the breakeven point is given as 12,000 units. The fixed costs are $24,000.
To find the variable cost per unit, we can use the breakeven formula:
Breakeven Point = Fixed Costs / (Price per Unit - Variable Cost per Unit)
Plugging in the given values:
12,000 = $24,000 / ($4.50 - Variable Cost per Unit)
To solve for the variable cost per unit, we can rearrange the equation:
Variable Cost per Unit = ($4.50 - Variable Cost per Unit) / 12,000
Multiplying through by 12,000:
12,000 * Variable Cost per Unit = $4.50 - Variable Cost per Unit
Combining like terms:
13,000 * Variable Cost per Unit = $4.50
Variable Cost per Unit = $4.50 / 13,000
Variable Cost per Unit ≈ $0.346
Therefore, the variable cost per unit is approximately $0.346.
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The estimated losses due to elder financial abuse range widely. The FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) 2018 Internet Crime Report shows that people 60 and older submitted more than 62,000 fraud complaints in 2018 with losses totaling nearly $650 million. Some less conservative sources estimate that fraud against seniors, or what’s known as elder financial exploitation (EFE), costs families in the U.S. upwards of $36 billion per year. Research shows that as seniors age, they’re more likely to sustain higher average losses to senior financial scams. Explain the most common types of attacks targeting senior citizens and suggest precautionary measures for them with reference to these attacks?
Elder financial abuse, targeting senior citizens, is a significant problem with potential losses reaching billions of dollars annually. Common attacks include grandparent scams, sweepstakes and lottery fraud, Medicare fraud, and investment scams.
Grandparent Scam: Scammers pretend to be a grandchild or relative in distress, often claiming to be in trouble and needing immediate financial assistance. They exploit the emotional bond between grandparents and grandchildren to trick seniors into sending money.
Precautionary measure: Seniors should verify the caller's identity by asking personal questions that only their grandchild would know. It's important to resist the urge to act immediately and instead contact other family members to confirm the situation.
Sweepstakes and Lottery Scams: Scammers inform seniors that they have won a large sum of money in a lottery or sweepstakes, but they need to pay fees or taxes upfront to claim the prize. Victims end up sending money without receiving any winnings.
Precautionary measure: Seniors should be aware that legitimate lotteries do not require winners to pay upfront fees. They should avoid sharing personal or financial information and should consult with family members or a trusted advisor before taking any action.
Medicare Fraud: Scammers pose as healthcare providers or representatives from Medicare, offering fake services or products to obtain seniors' personal information, such as Medicare numbers. This information is then used for fraudulent billing or identity theft.
Precautionary measure: Seniors should be cautious when sharing their Medicare information and should only provide it to trusted healthcare providers. They should review their Medicare Summary Notices regularly for any suspicious charges or services they did not receive.
Investment Scams: Fraudsters target seniors with investment schemes promising high returns or guaranteed profits. They often use persuasive tactics to convince seniors to invest in fake opportunities or Ponzi schemes.
Precautionary measure: Seniors should exercise skepticism and conduct thorough research before making any investment decisions. They should consult with a reputable financial advisor or seek advice from trusted sources such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
To protect themselves from these attacks, senior citizens should:
Be cautious of unsolicited phone calls, emails, or door-to-door visits.
Avoid sharing personal or financial information with unknown individuals or organizations.
Regularly monitor their bank accounts, credit cards, and other financial statements for any suspicious activity.
Stay informed about the latest scams targeting seniors through reliable sources and community organizations.
Seek advice and support from family members, friends, or local senior assistance programs when faced with unfamiliar financial situations.
By staying vigilant and informed, seniors can reduce their risk of falling victim to financial scams and protect their hard-earned money.
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How tax cuts affect gdp, inflation and CPI at 2017 in USA ? (500
words)
Tax cuts can have various effects on GDP, inflation, and the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The impact on inflation and the CPI can be influenced by factors such as the state of the economy and overall demand conditions.
Explore the potential impacts of tax cuts in the context of the United States in 2017:
1. GDP Growth: Tax cuts can stimulate economic growth by putting more money into the hands of individuals and businesses, which may lead to increased spending, investment, and job creation. When people have more disposable income due to lower tax burdens, they are likely to consume more, boosting aggregate demand and GDP. In turn, increased economic activity can result in higher production levels, increased employment, and overall economic expansion.
2. Investment and Capital Expenditures: Lowering taxes can incentivize businesses to invest more in capital expenditures, such as equipment, machinery, and infrastructure. By reducing the tax burden on profits, businesses have more funds available for investment, which can lead to increased productivity and economic growth. Increased investment can also contribute to job creation and improved wages.
3. Inflation: The impact of tax cuts on inflation is not direct and depends on various factors. Tax cuts that stimulate economic growth can lead to increased demand for goods and services. If the economy operates close to its full capacity, this increased demand can potentially put upward pressure on prices, resulting in inflationary pressures. However, in an economy with idle resources or weak demand, the impact on inflation may be limited.
4. Consumer Price Index (CPI): The CPI measures the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a basket of goods and services. Tax cuts can indirectly affect the CPI through their impact on consumer spending, production costs, and overall economic conditions. If tax cuts stimulate consumption, it can increase demand for goods and services, potentially leading to price increases and impacting the CPI. Additionally, changes in taxes can influence production costs, such as labor and input costs, which may affect the prices of goods and services included in the CPI basket.
5. Fiscal Impact: Tax cuts can have implications for government revenues and the budget deficit. When taxes are reduced, government revenue decreases, which can widen the budget deficit if spending remains unchanged. This deficit may necessitate increased borrowing, potentially leading to higher interest rates and crowding out private investment. The fiscal impact of tax cuts on GDP, inflation, and the CPI can be influenced by how the government manages its spending and borrowing levels.
It is important to note that the actual impact of tax cuts on GDP, inflation, and the CPI is influenced by numerous factors, including the size and design of the tax cuts, the state of the economy, and other concurrent economic policies. Additionally, the effects can vary across different sectors, industries, and income groups.
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T
or F
The establish ment of a pricing policy for a new product is not strategic managem ent decision.
The statement "The establishment of a pricing policy for a new product is not a strategic management decision" is False.
The establishment of a pricing policy for a new product is indeed a strategic management decision. Pricing plays a crucial role in the success of a product and has a significant impact on various aspects of a business, including market positioning, profitability, customer perception, and competitive advantage. Here's an explanation of why pricing decisions are considered strategic:
Market Positioning: Pricing decisions help determine the positioning of a new product in the market. A higher price may be set to position the product as premium or exclusive, while a lower price may be chosen to target a broader customer base or gain market share. Pricing affects how customers perceive the value and quality of the product relative to competitors.
Profitability: Pricing directly affects the profitability of a new product. It is important to set prices that not only cover the production and distribution costs but also generate a satisfactory profit margin. Strategic pricing decisions consider factors such as production costs, target profit margins, and anticipated sales volumes to ensure profitability over the long term.
Competitive Advantage: Pricing decisions can be used strategically to gain a competitive advantage. Businesses may choose to set prices lower than competitors to attract customers or adopt a premium pricing strategy to position the product as superior or unique. The pricing policy should align with the overall competitive strategy of the company.
Market Penetration or Skimming: The pricing policy determines whether the company aims to penetrate the market by setting low prices initially to gain market share or adopts a skimming strategy by setting higher prices to target early adopters or a niche market. This decision impacts the product's introduction and growth phase.
Considering these points, it is evident that the establishment of a pricing policy for a new product requires careful consideration and is a strategic management decision. Pricing directly impacts the market positioning, profitability, and competitiveness of the product, making it a critical aspect of strategic planning.
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what is the Strategic implementation control plan and emergency
plan of Apple, Inc?
Apple, Inc. has a strategic implementation control plan and an emergency plan in place to ensure the effective execution of its strategies and to address unforeseen events or crises.
Apple, Inc. is known for its strategic approach to business operations. As part of its strategic management process, the company has a strategic implementation control plan that outlines the actions and measures taken to ensure the successful execution of its strategies. This plan includes monitoring and evaluating progress towards strategic goals, identifying and addressing deviations or challenges, and making necessary adjustments to stay on track. It involves setting performance metrics, establishing accountability mechanisms, and providing resources and support to align the organization towards strategic objectives.
In addition to the strategic implementation control plan, Apple, Inc. also has an emergency plan in place. This plan outlines the protocols and procedures to be followed in the event of unforeseen events or crises that may disrupt the company's operations. It includes measures to ensure the safety and well-being of employees, as well as strategies to minimize the impact on business continuity. The emergency plan may cover various scenarios such as natural disasters, cybersecurity breaches, supply chain disruptions, or public relations crises. It involves predefined communication channels, escalation procedures, and contingency plans to enable swift and effective response in times of crisis.
By having a strategic implementation control plan and an emergency plan, Apple, Inc. demonstrates its commitment to proactive management and preparedness. These plans enable the company to monitor and steer the execution of its strategies while also providing a framework to address and mitigate risks or disruptions that could impact its operations and reputation.
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On December 30, 2021,Whitney sold a piece of property for $342,200.Her basis in the property was $153,990,and she incurred $3,422 in selling expenses.The buyer paid $17,110 down with the balance payable in $32,509 installments over the next ten years. In addition, the buyer assumed a $51,330 mortgage on the property. Under the installment sales method, what is the total contract price, the total gain on the sale, and the amount of gain reported in 2021? Round any division to two decimal places, and use that amount in subsequent computations. If required round your final answer to the nearest dollar Under the installment sales method, the total contract price is $ 342,200 , the total gain on the sale is $ and the amount of gain reported in 2021 is $
Under the installment sales method, the total contract price is $342,200, the total gain on the sale is $188,640, and the amount of gain reported in 2021 is $10,780.
Installment sale refers to the method of selling where payments for the goods sold are made in installments or payments are made over time. It means the purchaser of the goods or services pays the amount in portions spread over time until the full price of the product is paid off by the buyer.The total contract price is the total amount paid or payable to the seller for the property sold. Here, the total contract price includes the amount paid in cash at the time of the sale and all the future payments due under the terms of the agreement.Total contract price= Down payment+ Principle payments+ Assumed Mortgage= $17,110+ ($32,509 * 10) + $51,330= $17,110 + $325,090 + $51,330= $393,530.The total gain on the sale is the amount by which the total contract price exceeds the adjusted basis. Adjusted basis refers to the basis of the property adjusted for the selling expenses incurred in selling the property. Total gain on sale= Total contract price - Adjusted basis= $393,530 - $157,412 ($153,990 + $3,422)= $236,118What is the amount of gain reported in 2021?The amount of gain reported in 2021 refers to the gain realized and reported in Whitney's tax return for the year 2021. Under the installment sales method, the gain is reported in the year in which the payments are received. Hence, Whitney should report the amount of gain that she received in cash in the year 2021.Amount of gain reported in 2021= Cash received/Total contract price × Total gain on sale= $17,110/$393,530 × $236,118= $10,780Therefore, under the installment sales method, the total contract price is $ 342,200, the total gain on the sale is $188,640, and the amount of gain reported in 2021 is $10,780.
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would a failure to recognize growth options tend to cause a firm's actual capital budget to be above or below the optimal level? Would your answer be the same for abandonment,timing,and flexibility options?Explain using a practical/hypothetical example from your industry.
A failure to recognize growth options would cause a firm's actual capital budget to be below the optimal level.
Does a lack of growth option recognition lead to suboptimal capital budgets?When a firm fails to recognize growth options, it tends to result in a capital budget that falls below the optimal level. Growth options refer to opportunities for future expansion or development, such as new markets, products, or technologies. By not accounting for these options, a company may allocate too little capital towards potential growth initiatives, limiting its ability to seize opportunities and stay competitive in the market.
Consider a hypothetical example in the technology industry. Company XYZ, a leading software development firm, has a track record of innovation and has identified several potential growth options, such as entering emerging markets and investing in research and development for cutting-edge technologies.
However, due to a lack of recognition or understanding of the value of these growth options, the firm sets a conservative capital budget that focuses primarily on maintaining existing operations. As a result, XYZ misses out on the opportunity to capitalize on emerging markets and fails to invest adequately in R&D, ultimately hindering its long-term growth potential.
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Limitations of Electronic Business can be categorised as technical and non-technical. Using an organisation of your choice, identify and explain three (3) technical and non-technical challenges each a
Technical challenges in e-business include cybersecurity risks, infrastructure limitations, and interoperability issues, while non-technical challenges involve resistance to change, and customer trust concerns.
Technical challenges:
Cybersecurity risks: In the context of e-business, ensuring the security of digital transactions, customer data, and sensitive information becomes critical. Organizations need robust cybersecurity measures to protect against hacking, data breaches, and unauthorized access.
Infrastructure limitations: E-business relies heavily on a stable and efficient technological infrastructure. Challenges may include inadequate internet connectivity, bandwidth limitations, hardware and software compatibility issues, server downtime, and scalability concerns. Organizations must invest in reliable infrastructure to ensure smooth operations.
Interoperability issues: E-business often involves integrating various systems and technologies, such as online payment gateways, inventory management, and customer relationship management. Incompatibility between different systems can hinder data sharing, communication, and seamless process flow. Achieving interoperability requires effective integration strategies and standardized protocols.
Non-technical challenges:
Resistance to change: Transitioning to e-business may face resistance from employees who are accustomed to traditional business methods. Resistance can arise due to fear of job losses, lack of digital skills, or reluctance to embrace new processes. Organizations must address these concerns through training, communication, and change management strategies.
Customer trust concerns: Building and maintaining customer trust is crucial for e-business success. Concerns about online security, privacy, data misuse, and fraudulent activities can undermine customer confidence. Organizations need to implement robust privacy policies, secure payment gateways, and transparent data handling practices to establish trust with their customers.
Legal and regulatory compliance: E-business operates within a complex legal and regulatory framework. Organizations must navigate laws related to data protection, consumer rights, intellectual property, taxation, and online transactions. Complying with these regulations can be challenging, especially in a global business environment, requiring constant monitoring and adaptation of business practices.
By addressing these technical and non-technical challenges, organizations can enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of their e-business operations, mitigating risks and maximizing opportunities in the digital marketplace.
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