Answer: c.
Explanation: discovered the key to breaking the genetic code when they conducted an experiment using a synthetic RNA chain.
suppose you are studying the transport of a certain polar molecule across the plasma membrane of cells in a lab. over a period of time, you measure the concentration of a polar molecule inside and outside of the cells. you find that the concentration of the molecule is higher in the cell and is gradually increasing. you also measure the atp concentration inside the cell and find that it is decreasing. which of the following is probably responsible for the transport of this polar substance into the cell?
Polar molecules are those that have one end that is a little bit positive and one end that is a little bit negative. When it comes to polar molecules, the covalent bond's electron distribution is uneven.
Therefore, polar and charged molecules including ions, amino acids, nucleosides, and carbohydrates can traverse the plasma membrane due to facilitated diffusion. Carrier proteins and channel proteins are the two main groups of proteins that mediate assisted diffusion. Both active and passive transport mechanisms are used to move molecules across the membrane. In active transport, molecules go across the membrane in opposition to the concentration gradient, which is a change from one concentration to another.
Both active and passive transport is used to move the polar molecules across the membrane. Only polar proteins can the polar molecule connect to. The polar character of the channel proteins found in the cell membrane aids in the movement of polar molecules across the membrane. Depending on the chemicals they need to convey, these channel proteins alter their form. The polar molecules control the gated system, which the channel proteins employed to open and close.
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Which is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Answer:
Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back.
In a dihybrid cross of two true breeding parents (AAbb x aaBB), where each trait is autosomal, what ratio of the F2 progeny will be ab? Lower case letters represent recessive alleles. a. 2:16 6.3:1 9:16 c d. None of these e. 3:16 Oto
The trait is autosomal, the ratio of the F2 progeny will be ab . a. 2:16 for dihybrid cross of two true breeding parents (AAbb x aaBB).
A Dihybrid move of authentic breeding mother and father AAbb x aaBBParents AAbb x aaBBGamates A b a BF1 AaBbAaBb x AaBbGametes AB Ab aB ab AB Ab aB abF2 Punnett squareAB Ab aB abAB AABB AABb AaBB AaBbAb AABb AAbb AaBb AabbaB AaBB AaBb aaBB aaBbab AaBb Aabb aaBb aabbThe ratio of F2 progeny aaBb 2: 16Read more about breeding :
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which functions of leukocytes are involved in the inflammation process? select all that apply. one, some, or all responses may be correct.
Summary. Leukocytes cross the endothelial vessel wall in a process called transendothelial migration (TEM).
The purpose of leukocyte TEM is to remove inflammation-causing agents in the underlying tissues, for example, bacteria and viruses. Neutrophils comprise 50% to 70% of circulating leukocytes and represent the body's initial line of defense. They are involved in the acute inflammatory response to bacterial infection and the elimination of bacteria by phagocytosis. They are also the most numerous cells to reach the site of injury or infection. The function of inflammation is to remove the initial cause of cell injury, remove necrotic cells and tissues damaged by the original injury and the inflammatory process, and initiate tissue repair. activated neutrophils secrete a variety of proinflammatory cytokines and express MHC Class II (MHCII) in a manner that allows for antigen presentation and T cell activation. Resolution of termination, scarring, or chronic inflammation.
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When a tree has fallen in the Tropical Rain Forest, I am happy to break it down and return nutrients to the soil! What am I?
I have decomposer but I need another answer that starts with the letter C
When a tree has fallen in the Tropical Rain Forest, a person is happy to break it down and return nutrients to the soil. This process is called corruptors or crumbles.
What are decomposers?On the forest floor, decomposers such as termites, slugs, scorpions, worms, and fungi thrive. Organic stuff falls from trees and plants, and these organisms decompose it into nutrients.
These nutrients are absorbed by the shallow roots of rainforest trees, and dozens of predators destroy the decomposers.
Therefore, when a tree falls in the Tropical Rain Forest, people are glad to help break it down and provide nutrients to the earth. This is referred to as corruptors or crumbles.
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which layer of the eye is indicated by letter a? which layer of the eye is indicated by letter a? vascular neural fibrous
The cornea is a fibrous layer of clear tissue that covers the anterior part of the eye and is continuous with the white of the eye as indicated by the letter a.
The cornea, which is the clear front part of the eye, shields the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber. The anterior portion of the eye is covered by the cornea, a fibrous layer of clear tissue that is continuous with the white of the eye. Around two-thirds of the eye's total optical output is refracted light, which is reflected by the cornea, anterior chamber, and lens. In humans, the cornea has a refractive power of approximately 43 dioptres. The cornea can be changed by surgical procedures like LASIK. Although the focus is fixed, much of the eye's focusing power comes from the cornea. It is possible to accommodate the focus of light to enhance the ability to see close things by changing the lens' shape.
The complete question is:
From the given image which layer of the eye is indicated by the letter a?
(A) vascular
(B) neural
(C) fibrous
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c or d is the correct answer
[tex]{ \red{ \sf{C.}}}[/tex]
I thinks so that the answer is Blood blow backwards.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Using _____, researchers have created chronically anxious, ulcer-prone rats by giving them unpredictable electric shocks.
Using any classical conditioning, the researchers had been creating chronically anxious, with the ulcer-prone rats by using them unpredictable to avoid electric shocks.
Classical conditioning is a sort of mastering that occurs unconsciously. When you research through classical conditioning, an automated conditioned reaction is paired with a particular stimulus. This creates a behavior. Classical conditioning (additionally called Pavlovian or respondent conditioning) is mastering thru affiliation and changed into determined through Pavlov, a Russian physiologist.
In easy terms, stimuli are related collectively to supply a brand new found out reaction in someone or animal. For example, each time you return back domestic carrying a baseball cap, you're taking your baby to the park to play. So, each time your baby sees you return back domestic with a baseball cap, he's excited due to the fact he has related your baseball cap with a experience to the park. This mastering through affiliation is classical conditioning.
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Air and water pollution from industrial waste is a major global challenge, and is largely driven by societal needs and wants. Biochemists know that plants function as small chemical factories, yet produce no toxic waste. These tiny factories in plants are everywhere, synthesizing carbohydrates from photosynthesis, utilizing cellular respiration for energy production, and producing food for animals all at the same time. How can this knowledge, along with modern technology, best be applied to reduce industrial pollution? A Hazardous industrial wastes can be treated with fertilizer and spread on croplands. O B В Plants can be genetically modified to synthesize compounds that currently are made in chemical factories that produce hazardous wastes. C С Plants can be genetically modified to transform heavy metals, such as lead and mercury, into less toxic elements. D. DNA fingerprinting can be used to identify plants that could naturally decontaminate industrial wastes
Answer:
The correct sequence of steps in the aerobic metabolic breakdown of glucose is
Explanation:
When a stem cell divides, it produces two daughter cells. One daughter cell will remain a stem cell, while the other daughter cell will differentiate into a specialized cell. Which factor will most directly determine what type of specialized cell will be produced?.
When a stem cell divides, it gives birth to two daughter cells. One daughter cell will continue to be a stem cell, while the other will differentiate into a specialized cell. The genes that are expressed are the most direct determinant of what type of specialized cell will be produced.
Stem cells are nudity matters of the body, the cells that produce all additional cells with specific functions. Under the right environments, stem cells separate to form more cells known as offspring cells in the frame or in a workshop. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent stem cells that arise in the central container bulk of a blastocyst, a pre-implantation fetus in allure beginning.
Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4-5 days afterward propagation, consisting of 50-150 cells. Scientists are too investigating accompanying historical "reprogramming" methods to create stem cells from added cells. The genes that are expressed are the most direct determinant of what type of specialized cell will be produced.
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in this activity, you will identify the general mechanism of inhibition for the antimicrobial actions listed. drag each item into the appropriate bin.
Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria are extremely harmful, and antibiotic resistance is a significant public health issue. the potential for exhaustion.
What is the antimicrobials' mode of action?The mechanism of antimicrobial activity allows for the grouping of antimicrobial agents. Agents that depolarize cell membranes, inhibit protein synthesis, inhibit production of nucleic acids, and inhibit metabolic pathways in bacteria are the primary categories.
What is the antibiotics' mode of action? Providing one instanceAntibiotics frequently obstruct vital bacterial biochemical pathways. Many bacteria build cell walls as a form of defense. The biochemical procedures that create the cell wall are blocked by the antibiotic penicillin. Consequently, the growing bacteria become unable to make cell walls and die easily.
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For half of the radioisotopes of a certain kind to decay into its more stable isotope, the amount of time required is called the _______.
The duration it takes for half of unstable atoms to experience radioactive decay is known as the half-life.
A radioisotope's unstable nucleus can form either spontaneously or as a result of a deliberate alteration of the atom. Radioactive decay production can occur using either a cyclotron or a nuclear reactor. Molybdenum-99, which has a high neutron content, can be produced most effectively in nuclear reactors, whereas fluorine-18, which has a half-life content, can be produced most effectively in cyclotrons. Uranium is the most well-known illustration of a radioisotope that is found naturally. The only other form of naturally occurring uranium, uranium-235, which has three less neutrons and is less stable or radioactive, makes up the remaining 0.7%.
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summarize the origin of the head and neck. which germ layers, tissues, and structures contribute to craniofacial development?
The migration of neural crest cells from the ectoderm is what gives rise to each craniofacial development of the face and neck. Each pharyngeal arch's eventual structure will be determined by these cells.
The majority of the skeletomuscular system, as well as the craniofacial development the muscles of the craniofacial region, and connective tissues, are all products of the paraxial mesoderm (Noden and Francis-West, 2006). Typically, the dermis, muscles, and bone form from somite segments as the embryo develops. The mesenchymal cells of the cranial neural crest give rise to the connective tissue from which the bones, muscles, and fascia of movement of the anterior area of the neck and face will grow. Craniosynostosis, the premature ossification of the suture mesenchyme that joins the individual skull bones as a result of abnormal neural crest cell differentiation, limits the growth of the skull and has an adverse effect on the maturation of the brain and the development of the face.
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the excavate clade is the only eukaryotic group where all clade members are unicellular. the amoebozoa clade is the only eukaryotic group with clades including members that are both unicellular and multicellular. animals are the only group within the opisthokont clade whose members are all multicellular. all plants and algae are multicellular.
Animals are the only group within the Opisthokont clade whose members are all multicellular. This statement is true according to the figure.
The kingdoms of animals and fungi are both included in the large group of eukaryotes known as the opisthokonts. Opisthokonts, formerly known as the "Fungi/Metazoa group," are widely acknowledged as a clade. Apusomonadida, Breviata, and Opisthokonts make to the broader clade Obazoa.
The subclasses of eukaryotes known as opisthokonts include amoebae, fungi, and animals.
The two most well-known multicellular forms of life, the animals (Metazoa) and the fungi are members of the monophyletic Opisthokonta clade, one of the five eukaryotic "super-groups."
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thinking of the b cell and t cell activation and expansion processes. describe 3 common points and 5 difference between the two processes.
There are 3 common points and 5 differences between the B cell and T cell activation and expansion processes.
3 common points:
Both B and T cells are types of lymphocytes.Both B and T cells are originated in the bone marrow.Both are responsible to protect the body’s immune system and help fight infections.5 differences:
B cells originate from bone marrow and T cells from the thymus.B cells secrete antibodies and T cells secret lymphokines.B cells only activate one type and T cells activate two types: helper and killer.B cell life span is shorter than T cells.B cells surface antibodies are present, meanwhile, T cells are absent.What are B and T cells?B and T cells are some type of white blood cells that are responsible for our immune system. Both originated in the bone marrow, but B cells mature inside whereas the T cells travel to the thymus.
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give an example of a cell found in the human body that meets one of these criteria. explain how that unique shape is tied to the function that those cells perform.
Since each cell has a different function, they vary in size and shape. Typically, a cell's shape corresponds to its purpose.
How many cells are in the human body?For example, they calculate that we contain 50 billion fat cells and 2 billion heart muscle cells. The researchers added up their results and discovered that there are 36,2 trillion cell units.
The function of the cell will determine the geometry of the cell. As an illustration, red blood cells have a disc shape to carry more oxygen. b) Cytoskeleton - The cytoskeletal organization of the cell affects its form in a number of ways.
The three parts that make up a cell are the cell membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm contains intricate arrangements of small fibers and hundreds or perhaps thousands of tiny, unique entities known as organelles.
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proteins that are destined to end up in the membrane (transmembrane proteins) have an internal start transfer sequence question 5 options: true false
Proteins that are destined to end up in the membrane (transmembrane proteins) have an internal start transfer sequence, the statement is true.
Instead of the N-terminal signal sequence, certain transmembrane proteins use an internal signal sequence known as the tart-transfer sequence, which is permanently incorporated into the polypeptide. The two hydrophobic sequences are first released into the bilayer where they remain as membrane-spanning alpha helices until a stop-transfer sequence is reached. This process is started by an internal start-transfer sequence.
SNAREs, a class of transmembrane proteins, contribute to further recognition. The SNAREs on the vesicle (referred to as v-SNAREs) interact with complementary SNAREs on the target membrane (referred to as t-SNAREs), firmly docking the vesicle in place after the tethering protein has captured it by grabbing hold of the Rab protein. In order for the vesicle to deliver its cargo, membrane fusion must also be catalyzed by them.
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what is the function of myoglobin in muscle cells? group of answer choices stores atp breaks down glucose stores oxygen stores glucose
Myoglobin stores oxygen in the muscle cells. Thus the correct answer is option (C).
Your striated muscles, which include your cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles (the muscles linked to your bones and tendons), contain the protein known as myoglobin.
Your body's cells require oxygen to function. They transform the stored energy using oxygen. Due to their regular use, your cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles need a lot of oxygen and energy. Although myoglobin and hemoglobin both transfer oxygen to specific tissues, their roles are distinct.
Hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, gives them their red hue. Its major function is to carry oxygen from your lungs to the remaining cells in the tissues and organs of your body.
While myoglobin is also present in your bloodstream, it is mostly found in your striated muscles (the kinds of muscles you consciously move, such as your arm and leg muscles). Only injured muscles cause myoglobin to enter the blood. Similar to hemoglobin, myoglobin supplies the reddish hue to your muscle tissues.
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I have gills for breathing under water. I have lungs for breathing on land. What am l
Answer:
frog
Explanation:
Frog is an animal that live in both land and in water.
Answer: It is a Lungfish
Explanation:
The Lungfish is the only species of fish that have lungs and gills.
Which of the following best explains what creates this convection current?
The rotation of Earth makes the air above it rotate, but not the same over land and water.
Because of its mass, Earth's gravity creates a high pressure area over both the land and water.
Salt in the ocean makes it more dense than the land, so its gravity pulls more on the air above it.
During the evening, the land cools off more quickly than the water. The cooler land cools the air above it, while the warmer water warms the air above it. These differences in air temperature create the convection.
10) when you eat brussels sprouts, what are you eating? a) immature flowers b) large axillary buds c) petioles d) storage leaves e) storage roots
when you eat brussels sprouts you eating b) large axillary buds.
What occurs after eating brussel sprouts?The prevention of cancers of the stomach, lung, kidneys, breast, bladder, or prostate may be aided by a diet high in cruciferous vegetables like Brussels sprouts.Sprouts and other crinkly veggies could be beneficial. you avoid various health problems like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, or diabetes.
Are Brussels sprouts safe to eat every day?Is it okay to consume Brussels sprouts daily,They can safe to eat daily if consumed moderately.Any dietary modifications, though, ought to be discussed with a doctor.Antioxidant-rich Brussels sprouts aid to lessen oxidative stress on your cells.
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Cortisol is a steroid hormone that can pass through the plasma membrane. Complete the flowchart describing the interaction of cortisol with intracelular receptors. Drag the labels to their appropriate locations in the flowchart. Some labels will not be used View Available Hint(s) Reset Help The transcribed mRNAIS translated into a specific protein Cortisol-receptor complex forms in the nucleus Cortisol passes through the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm Cortisol binds to a receptor on the outside of the cell Cortisol receptor complex forms in the cytoplasm. Cortisol receptor complex enters the nucleus where it binds to genes Cortisol receptor complex acts as a transcription Submit
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The stress response is mediated by proteins that are created in response to the cortisol signal. A tiny, hydrophobic steroid hormone called cortisol may cross a cell's plasma membrane.
A hormone receptor complex is created in target cells when cortisol binds to the intracellular receptor protein in the cytoplasm. After entering the nucleus, the hormone receptor complex functions as a transcription factor by binding to certain genes and triggering their transcription into mRNA. In the end, the mRNA generated is translated into certain proteins. Some proteins help raise blood glucose levels, enabling an animal to meet demands of starvation or vigorous exercise.
1. The plasma membrane allows cortisol to enter the cytoplasm.
2. In the cytoplasm, a cortisol-receptor complex hormone develops.
3. The cortisol receptor complex moves into the nucleus and attaches to the genes there.
4. A transcription factor is the cortisol receptor complex.
5. A particular protein is produced from the transcribed mRNA.
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Which of the following statements about microorganisms that cause human infection and disease is FALSE? Multiple Choice Bacteria can normally be found in humans. Protozoa rarely cause illness in humans. Prions appear to be made entirely of protein. Examples of ectoparasites are fleas, ticks, lice, and scabies.
The following statements about microorganisms that cause human infection and disease is FALSE is Examples of ectoparasites are fleas, ticks, lice, and scabies.
External parasites encompass mites, lice, and ticks. The maximum common outside parasites encompass fleas, ticks, mites, and lice. Your puppy need to be unfastened from parasites, each inner and external.
Historically, fleas are a number of the maximum essential ectoparasites of people in that numerous species are the herbal vectors of numerous essential infectious diseases, like plague. Today, a few 15 households with a complete of approximately 220 genera and a few 2,500 species of fleas may be distinguished.
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if a researcher wanted to use the cellular machinery to insert an unnatural amino acid into a protein, which would be the better strategy?
To introduce unnatural amino acids into proteins, a better strategy is to inject unnatural amino acids into cells using tRNA or aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pairs.
The incorporation of unnatural amino acids (UNAAs) into protein design has become a central discipline in synthetic biology. The 20 standard amino acids (SAAs) alone can no longer meet the growing demands of basic and applied science due to their limited functional chemistry. Replacing SAA with UNAA could provide proteins with new physicochemical properties and biological functions. In addition, advances in cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems have paved the way for the precise and efficient incorporation of UNAA into proteins.
UNAA is incorporated into proteins by altering unnatural biological mechanisms including codons, tRNAs, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS), elongation factor (EF), retention factor (RF), and ribosomes.
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probiotics such as lactobacillus rhamnosus have been shown to . . . choose one:a. alter transcription in other members of the microbiota.b. reduce inflammation.c. improve inflammatory bowel disease.d. change the composition of the microbiome.
In addition to being present in some foods and the human gut, mouth, and vagina, Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) is a form of probiotic ("good" bacteria). L. acidophilus is an example of "good" bacteria that can aid in digestion, nutritional absorption, and defense against potentially harmful "bad" organisms.
Although there is conflicting data, probiotics, especially Lactobacillus GG, may help prevent or treat infectious diarrhea in both children and adults. According to studies, probiotics tend to work best for treating campylobacter infections in adults and rotavirus infections in children. Children's diarrhea can get really bad.
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Solutions contain a______amount of solute in a large amount of solvent.
Answer:Concentrated solution
Explanation:
there are three factors that are primarily responsible for maintaining the resting membrane potential. this electrical polarization would be disrupted by
sodium and potassium, negatively charged proteins or nucleic acids being carried from the cytoplasm into the extracellular matrix, and an equal number of ungated "leak" channels in the plasma membrane.
The negatively charged chloride ions experience an electrical force from the resting membrane potential. The steady-state condition would result in a chloride gradient that follows Nernst's law at the resting membrane potential and fix the chloride reversal potential at the resting membrane potential if the membrane potential were the only factor operating and provided a sufficient chloride conductance. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the equilibrium potential for chloride can differ from the resting membrane potential in both positive and negative directions. As a result, in addition to the passive equilibrium condition, active transport also influences the distribution of chloride across the cell membrane. The two most significant chloride pumps for cytoplasm neurons are two members of the cation-chloride cotransporter family (Gagnon & Delpire, 2013). One cotransporter of sodium, potassium, and chloride:
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in the world's oceans, where is production by plankton and other photosynthetic organisms the highest?
High latitudes, upwelling zones near the equator, and areas close to coastlines are where phytoplankton is most prevalent (yellow, high chlorophyll).
They are rare in isolated oceans (dark blue), where there are few nutrients. In that they have chlorophyll and need sunlight to survive and develop, phytoplankton, often referred to as microalgae, are like terrestrial plants in this regard. Since they are buoyant, the majority of phytoplankton float in the upper layers of the ocean where sunlight may reach them. In addition to organic nutrients, phytoplankton also needs inorganic ones like nitrates, phosphates, and sulphur, which they use to make proteins, lipids, and carbs. Diatoms and dinoflagellates are the two primary types of phytoplankton. Dinoflagellates are aquatic organisms that travel through the water on the basis of their whip-like flagella and elaborate shells.
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true or false? the sea star die-off of 2013 is currently the most extensive marine-disease event ever documented.
Answer: If My memory is right i believe it is true
Explanation: Did this some time ago on a test .
is it true thAt glucose primarily comes from the water we drink
It is not true, glucose primarily comes from the food we eat and obtain from plants.
How is glucose made?A cell's chloroplast is where glucose is made, the plant cell organelle known as the chloroplast employs the process of photosynthesis to create glucose.
It accomplishes this by converting carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into glucose and oxygen.
Therefore, glucose primarily comes from the food made by photosynthesis, not comes from the water we drink, hence given statement is not true.
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