Metal reactivity increases down groups and declines across periods from left to right.
because metals' reactivity increases as they move along the group. Since they are farther from the nucleus and have greater shielding, which results in a lower nuclear attraction, the outer electrons are simpler to expel.
Ionization Energy, which measures how easily an element may expel its electrons, is one influencing factor. The element's electronegativity is another consideration since it affects how eagerly an element seeks out electrons from other elements.
As you move throughout a period from left to right, responsiveness declines. It is easier for electrons to be given or taken away the further to the left and down the periodic chart you travel, leading to higher reactivity.
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which of the following statements correctly describe a resonance hybrid? select all that apply.multiple select question.the true structure of the resonance hybrid is the structure of the most stable contributor.the resonance hybrid is stabilized due to delocalization of electrons.a resonance hybrid rapidly interconverts between the possible resonance forms.equivalent resonance forms contribute equally to the overall structure of the hybrid.a resonance hybrid has a single structure.
The most stable contributor's structure is the genuine structure of the resonance hybrid. The delocalization of electrons is what stabilizes the resonance hybrid. The potential resonance forms are quickly interconverted by a resonance hybrid.
Equivalent resonance types equally contribute to the hybrid's overall structure. Consider the resonance hybrid structure of a carboxylate group as an example. Different resonance contributors do not always contribute equally to the hybrid structure until they are equivalent to one another in terms of stability, as is the case for the carboxylate group, which has equivalent contributions from A and B as shown in the given figure. One resonance structure will more closely resemble the “actual” (hybrid) structure than another if it is more stable (lower in energy) than the other.
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write equation of 1. methanol and ethanoic acid 2.ethanol and butanoic acid
Answer:
(1) methanol is also known as methyl alcohol.
CH3-OH
term "meth" means one that's why only one carbon atom are there.
(2) Ethanoic acid has the functional group of carboxylic acid which is (-COOH).
The term "eth" means two that's why two carbon atoms are there.
CH3-CH2-COOH
(3) Ethanol is an alcohol that has a functional group of alcohol that is (-OH)
The term "eth" means two that's why two carbon atoms are there.
CH3-CH2-OH
(4) Butanoic acid is a carboxylic acid that has a functional group of (-COOH)
The term "But" means four that's why four atoms of carbon are there.
CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH
The question must be Write the formula of
1. Methanol
2. ethanoic acid
3 ethanol
4. butanoic acid
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Select all of the following that are salts.
NaNO3
D (NH4)2SO4
H2SO4
NH3
| NH4OH
Naci
NHACI
NaNO3, (NH4)2SO4, and NH4OH are salts.
A salt is a chemical compound made up of positively charged ions called cations and negatively charged ions called anions.
NaNO3 is a salt made up of sodium cation (Na+) and nitrate anion (NO3-).
(NH4)2SO4 is a salt made up of Ammonium cation (NH4+) and sulfate anion (SO42-).
NH4OH is a salt made up of Ammonium cation (NH4+) and hydroxide anion (OH-).
H2SO4 is not a salt, it is a mineral acid.
NH3 is not a salt, it is an Ammonia gas.
Naci and NHACI are not salts, these are not valid chemical compounds.
Salt is an important class of chemical compounds with a wide range of uses in various fields including industrial, agricultural, and medicinal.
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The grass on a hill washes away after a heavy rain. The animals that eat the grass leave the area to find food somewhere else. A group of
students wants to make the hill the way it was before the rain. They want a solution that will last a long time. They plan to replant the grass
and bring mice from a pet store to live on the hill.
Does their solution meet all of their needs? Choose yes or no and one reason why
if the grass will be replanted and transported pet store mice to dwell on the hill.No, their solution does not meet all of their needs.
One reason is that, even if the grass is replanted, it may still wash away in future heavy rains if the underlying soil erosion problem is not addressed. The students should consider ways to stabilize the soil and prevent erosion, such as building terraces or planting vegetation that can hold the soil in place. Additionally, bringing pet store mice may not be a good solution since mice are not native to that area and could cause problems for the local ecosystem.
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a momentary change in the electron distribution surrounding an atom or a molecule causes it to have a(n)
A momentary change in the electron distribution around an atom or molecule can cause it to have an electrical charge.
A momentary change in the electron distribution surrounding an atom or a molecule causes it to have an electrical charge. This can be due to a variety of different causes, such as a transfer of electrons from one atom to another, or a temporary change in the electron configuration due to the addition or removal of an electron. This can be a temporary or permanent change depending on the cause. The electrical charge can then be used to power devices, or even to manipulate the behavior of particles or molecules in the surrounding area. This makes it a powerful tool in the manipulation of matter, especially in the field of nanotechnology.
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true or false: the part of the still where the steam is changed back into water is called the condenser.
True - the part of the still where the steam is changed back into water is called the condenser.
Device known as a condenser that turns a gas or vapour into a liquid Condensers are used in refrigeration plants to condense refrigerant vapours such ammonia and fluorinated hydrocarbons as well as in power plants to condense turbine exhaust steam.
The condenser's job is to take the high-pressure gas coming from the compressor and turn it into a liquid. By using the idea that heat will always travel from a warmer to a cooler substance, it accomplishes this.
Simply put, a condenser is a cooling system. Condensers, often referred to as heat rejectors, are used in every refrigeration system and power plant to condense refrigerant vapours or steam. Shell and tube condenser and air cooled condenser are the two main types utilised nowadays.
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silver nitrate has a lattice energy of -820 kj>mol and a heat of solution of -22.6 kj>mol. calculate the heat of hydration for silver nitrate
The heat of hydration for silver nitrate is -842.6 kJ/ mole.
The heat of hydration is the heat generated when water comes into contact with cement powder. The amount of heat released is influenced by the cement's composition, curing temperature, water to cement ratio, and cement fineness. The heat of hydration is the quantity of energy produced when one mole of ions are hydrated.
Lattice energy = -820 kJ/mole
Heat of solution = +22.6 KJ/mole
Lattice breakdown is and endothermic reaction during the formation of solution a nd hydration is an exothermic reaction as ions interact with solvent molecules
By using the formula,
Enthalpy of solution = Lattice energy + hydration energy
Now put the values and calculate,
-22.6 kj/mole = + 820 kj/mole + hydration energy
-22.6 kJ/ mole - 820 kJ/ mole = hydration energy
-842.6 kJ/ mole = hydration energy
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Explain how the iron atom can form both an iron 2+ ion and an iron 3+ ion
To form the 2+ ion the iron atom loses the 4s2 electrons. When forming the 3+ ion the iron atom loses the 4s2 electrons and one 3d electron.
What is an ion?An ion is described as an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convention.
During the formation of ionic bonds positive ion is attracted to a negative ion and lattice energy is released.
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PLEASE HELP ME!! 50 Points and BRAINLIEST if you get it right!
Use the information in the table to calculate deltaSrxn for each of these reactions. Round all answers to nearest whole number.
S (reaction) = 2.70 + 1.205 - 2,109.6 ,S ° (reaction) = 125.8 J / mol K
Calculate reactions?Entropy (S, abbreviated as entropy) in thermodynamics represented the degree of system disorder.
Entropy, like other thermodynamic concepts, can only be determined from the beginning and ending states.
Then energy is converted into different forms, entropy will also change.
Standard entropy data allow for the calculation of S °'s value.
The formula is S ° (reaction) = S ° (product) - S ° (reagent)
The standard thermodynamic quantities for chemical substances at 25 °C for entropy can be found in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics data table, 84th Edition (2004) as follows: (Supporting evidence can be found in other data.)
NH3 (g) = 192.8 J/mol K.
O2 (g) = 205 J per mole of K
Water (g) = 188.8 J/mol K
H2O (mol) = 70 J/mol K
NO2 (g)=240.1 J/mol K
H₂O₂ (l) = 109.6
S (reaction) = 2.70 + 1.205 - 2,109.6
S ° (reaction) = 125.8 J / mol K.
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Electron Configuration: Know shapes and How many orbitals and electrons in each sublevel. Write electron configurations for… a. sodium b. iodine c. iron
Answer: (Numbers to the right of the letters are suppose to be to the power of. e.g. 1s^2)
For Sodium (Na): The electron configuration is "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1". The 3s sublevel has 1 orbital and can hold 1 electron.
For Iodine (I): The electron configuration is "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5". The s sublevel has 1 orbital and can hold 2 electrons, the p sublevel has 3 orbitals and can hold 6 electrons, the d sublevel has 5 orbitals and can hold 10 electrons, and the 4p sublevel has 1 orbital and can hold 5 electrons.
For Iron (Fe): The electron configuration is "1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6". The s sublevel has 1 orbital and can hold 2 electrons, the p sublevel has 3 orbitals and can hold 6 electrons, and the d sublevel has 5 orbitals and can hold 6 electrons.
What chemical reactions are likely to have an element as one of its products?
Answer:
In simple synthesis reactions involving reaction of elements, such as aluminum metal reacting with chlorine gas, the product will be a simple compound containing both elements. In this case, it is easiest to consider the common charges that the elements adopt as ions and build your product accordingly.
Explanation:
Use relative differences in electronegativity to label the ends of the polar molecules listed as partially positive or partially negative.
1) H is partially positive F is partially negative
2) H is partially positive Br is partially negative
3) H is partially positive O is partially negative
4) C is partially positive O is partially negative.
What is electronegativity?When we talk about electronegativity, we mean the fact that, in the compound, there is a part that is partially negative and there is a part that is partially positive.
The part of the compound that is partially negative is the part of the compound that is able to attract the pair of electrons that are shared by the two atoms to itself.
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4
Drag each number to the correct location.
Simplify each expression, and classify the result
rational or Irrational
V64
205-316
V42
168
5(4V5 – 355)
573 - V3
2V3
77-V147
Rational Number
Irrational Number
Reset
Next
205–316: Rational Number V64: Irrational Number Rational Number 5 (4V5 - 355): Irrational Number 573 - V3: Irrational Number 2V3: Irrational Number 77-V147: Irrational Number.
V42: Irrational Number 168 Please be aware that irrational numbers are denoted by the symbol "V," which stands for "square root of," the equations are simplified, and the outcomes are not precise values; rather, they are categorized as rational or irrational based on their mathematical characteristics.A real number that cannot be represented as a repeating or terminating decimal, as well as a ratio of integers (i.e., as a fraction), is said to be irrational. In other words, a number that is irrational cannot be expressed as a finite fraction or a finite decimal.The ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, or pi, is the most well-known example of an irrational number. Due to its inability to be represented, it is an irrational number.
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in a compound, which type of bond is the sharing of electrons between adjacent atoms?
In a compound, covalent bond type of bond is the sharing of electrons between adjacent atoms.
A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms and compound. In a covalent bond, the shared electrons are located in the region between the nuclei of the two atoms, and the bond results in a lower energy state for the atoms involved. Covalent bonds are formed between atoms that have similar electronegativities, meaning they have a similar attraction for electrons. They are typically formed between non-metal atoms such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Covalent bonds can be single, double or triple depending on the number of electrons shared between the atoms.
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The release of which substance is represented by the arrows?
The arrows depict the emission of carbon dioxide. Due to its depiction of the energy transfer from plants to animals, arrow B stands in for cellular respiration.
What group of arrows best exemplifies the respiration mechanism of cells?Due to its depiction of the energy transfer from plants to animals, arrow B stands in for cellular respiration.These organic compounds are disassembled by cells to release their energy. Those bonds are broken during cellular respiration and fermentation, converting the potential energy of organic molecules into kinetic energy that cells can use to perform tasks.There is only arrow 6 ambient oxygen (031 carbon dioxide (COz' AI The only arrows that depict the flow of atmospheric oxygen during respiration are those in positions 2 and 6.The complete question is,
What does the arrows' representation of substance release indicate? up-facing mitochondria.
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if 22.4 grams of an aqueous solution of manganese(ii) iodide, mni2, contains 4.69 grams of manganese(ii) iodide, what is the percentage by mass of manganese(ii) iodide in the solution?
Manganese(II) With the formula MnI2, iodide is a chemical compound made up of iodide and manganese.
What is chemical compound ?Cadmium iodide is the crystal structure that the anhydrous chemical adopts. The pink tetrahydrate is widely known. MnI2(H2O)4's iodides are trans, in contrast to MnX2(H2O)4, which is cis for X = Cl, Br. As a source of manganese ions or iodide ions, it can also be utilized as a pink pigment. The lighting sector frequently employs it.Name: Manganese(II) Manganous iodide is another name for iodide, and its chemical formula is MnI2.Examples of reactions include the following:4HI + MnO2 = 2H2O + MnI2 + I2 and 2NaI + MnSO4 = MnI2 + Na2SO4.
Specifically, MnI2 + Na2CO3 = 2NaI + MnCO3 and MnI2 + 2AgNO3 = 2AgI + Mn (NO3)2.
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according to the law of conservation of mass determine the missing mass of one of the products. 15 g lead nitrate is reacted with 15 g potassium iodide to produce (?g) lead iodide and 10 g potassium nitrate. how much lead iodide was produced(? g ) ? reactants: lead nitrate and potassium iodide products: lead iodide and potassium nitrate group of answer choices 10 g lead iodide 36 g lead iodide 40 g lead iodide 20 g lead iodide
The majority of the lead(II) iodide in the solution precipitates out as a yellow solid flag.
Define lead iodide?
Lead iodide is used as a precursor in the fabrication of solar cells. Used as an organic solvent. Used as photon detector for X-rays and gamma-rays. Used in the manufacturing of thermoelectric materials. Used in photography.Lead Iodide is an odorless, bright yellow, heavy powder. It is used in bronzing, gold pencils, mosaic gold, printing and photography.Lead is still widely used for car batteries, pigments, ammunition, cable sheathing, weights for lifting, weight belts for diving, lead crystal glass, radiation protection and in some solders. It is often used to store corrosive liquids.To learn more about iodide refers to:
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predicting products of chemical reactions worksheet answers
write a balanced thermochemical equation with phase labels for the haber process with the heat energy as part of the equation.
The equation that is balanced during the process that results in the creation of ammonia ls [tex]N_{2}[/tex] + [tex]3H_{2}[/tex] ↔↔↔[tex]NH_{3}[/tex]
The identical amount of atoms of each element must be present on the product and reactant sides of the chemical equation to produce ammonia: [tex]NH_{3}[/tex]
Every time we perform a reaction, some heat is either released or dissolved. The total heat released or dissolved during a chemical process is known as the enthalpy change.
Endothermic refers to the absorption of energy to generate the product, whereas exothermic refers to the release of energy. Since one travels forward while the other goes backward, both processes defy logic.
In the Haber reaction, 2 moles of ammonia gas are created from a reaction between 1 mole of nitrogen gas and 3 moles of hydrogen gas.
The chemical equation for the Haber process as it relates to the generation of ammonia gas is thus:
[tex]N_{2} + 3H_{2}[/tex] ⇒⇒[tex]NH_{3}[/tex]
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lit the 9 place on earth where frehwater i found, putting them in order from greatet amount to mallet amount
Ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, icebergs, bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, and groundwater are the sources of freshwater.
96.5% of all the Earth's water is contained within the oceans as saltwater, while the remaining 3.5% is freshwater lakes and frozen water locked up in glaciers and the polar ice caps.Water also exists in the air as water vapourWater, in rivers and lakes, in icecaps and glaciers, in the ground as soil moisture and in aquifers. The vast majority of water on the Earth's surface is saline water in the oceans. Over 68 percent of the freshwater on Earth is found in icecaps and glaciers, and just over 30 percent is found in groundwater. Only about 0.3 percent of our freshwater is found in the surface water of lakes, rivers, and swamps. The Antarctic ice sheet holds about 90 percent of the fresh water that exists on the Earth’s surface.Go through the given link below to know more about freshwater:-
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describe the two alternative hypotheses that mendel considered for how two characters might segregate during gamete formation, and explain how he tested those hypotheses.
Mendel contemplated two other theories for how two characteristics might diverge during gamete formation:
1. According to the blending theory, when two people with distinct qualities unite, the resultant offspring will combine both traits in an equal amount. For instance, the offspring of a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant will produce pink flowers.
2. According to this idea, genes are small, discrete units (particles) that when two people with different traits mate, their kids will either inherit one or the other trait. For instance, the child of a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant will have either red or white flowers, but not both.
Mendel experimented on pea plants to verify these theories. He crossed plants that were true-breeding for various qualities, such as tall plants with small plants and purple-flowered plants with white-flowered plants, and he looked at the inheritance patterns in the progeny. He discovered that his results supported the particulate hypothesis because the qualities were inherited in a predictable, Mendelian manner (i.e. dominant and recessive genes). His data did not support the blending theory because the kids did not exhibit a blend of both features.
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a student conducted an experiment where she ground up different antacids and mixed them with water and a drop of phenol red (a ph indicator), then added drops of hcl (acid). she observed how many drops of acid it took to change the color of the phenol red from red to yellow. what is the independent variable
The different antacids used will be the independent variable.
Antacids are medications that alleviate heartburn and indigestion by decreasing the amount of acid in stomach. They are bases that are used to neutralize acidity (caused by acids) - which occurs when your stomach releases too much of HCl acid in the stomach. They do this neutralization of stomach acid by inhibiting an enzyme that produces acid in order to break down food for digestion (pepsin). High level of acid production in stomach can lead to acidity which may result in production of gases (resulting in bloating and discomfort) and gastric ulcers. Regarding how phenol red acts as a pH indicator, over the pH range of 6.6 to 8.0, its color gradually transitions from yellow to red. When the pH rises above 8.1, phenol red turns a bright pink (fuchsia) color. This color change is caused by phenol red losing protons (and changing color) as the pH rises. But addition of HCl would start imparting the nature of acids to the solution, so the color change would go from red to yellow.
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Students in a high school Marine Science class are learning about the scientific process. Four students were asked to write a testable prediction about deep-sea vents found in the ocean. Their responses are shown in the chart. Student Response Jin Deep-sea vents are too deep. Elizabeth Deep-sea vents are more interesting than caves. Carly Interest in deep-sea vents will decrease in the future. Raymond Ocean surface temperatures are warmer than water at deep-sea vents. Which student's prediction is the most testable using the scientific process? Jin Elizabeth Carly
The predication that is testable here is that of Raymond. Option D
What is a testable predication?We have to keep it at the back of our minds that science deals with data that is testable. In other words, science is an empirical discipline. What we mean by this is that we must be able to get at knowledge by testing the data that we have in controlled experiments.
Now, if we look at the responses of the students, we can see that the only one that has to do with something that we can test is the one that said that Ocean surface temperatures are warmer than water at deep-sea vents.
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The [OH-]of a solution with pH 8. 34 is 2. 2x 10-⁹ M 3x 10-⁶M. 4. 6x 10-⁹ M. 5x 10-⁹ M. 2. 2x 10 -⁶M.
Answer:
The [OH-] of a solution with a pH of 8.34 is 4.6 x 10^-9 M.
1. What is carbon cycle ?
2. State the stages of carbon cycle.
3. State 5 importance of carbon cycle.
organic structures are superior to mechanistic structures. [see p.153] group of answer choices true false
The given statement " organic structures are superior to mechanistic structures. " is true because a mechanical organizational structure is distinguished by its high degree of oversight, and complexity, but also formalization.
An organic organizational structure, in the other hand hand, was distinguished by low centralization, formalization, as well as complexity.
An organic organizational system is fluid and adaptable. It is connected with decentralized decision-making, low hierarchies, broad spans of even more control, informal communication, and then a willingness to adapt to change.
Mechanistic Design The organization is built around a structured and formal network. It is ideal for firms that work in a precise or stable environment even though it was simple to maintain and requires little change.
__"The given question is incomplete. the complete question is:
Organic structures are superior to mechanistic structures"". __
(a) True
((b) False
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. in lecture, we saw that phosphate groups can be added to the side chains of amino acids. is that what is occurring here? briefly explain your answer.
27% of phosphate groups bind to only one amino acid, but there is a wide distribution, with 3% of phosphates binding to seven residues.
what is amino acids?
Amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins. Amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life. When proteins are digested or broken down, amino acids are left. The human body uses amino acids to make proteins to help the body: Break down food.Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. They are the molecules that all living things need to make protein, and you need 20 of them to help your body function properly. Your body makes 11 of the necessary amino acids.Amino acids are the basic building units of proteins. Their molecule posses both an amino group as well as a carboxylic group. The amino acids having amino and carboxyl group attached to the same carbon, i.e., alpha-carbon atom is called as alpha-amino acids. Example: Glycine , Alanine etc.To learn more about amino acid refers to;
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pre-lab questions 1. how does an increase in concentration affect a chemical reaction? 2. when temperature increases, what happens to the molecules in a chemical reaction? 3. how do we measure the average kinetic motion of molecules in a solution?
The concentration of molecule and temperature has a positive correlation with the chemical reaction. The higher the concentration and temperature, the faster the reaction rate will be. The average kinetic can be calculated by using this formula KE = [tex]\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}[/tex].
What are the factors that affect the reaction rate?There are some factors that affect the motion of the molecules:
Concentration of moleculeTemperatureIf the concentration is increased, more particles move together. There will be more collisions and the chemical reaction rate is increased.
The rate of a chemical reaction can be changed caused by the temperature. If the temperature is increased, it will raise the average kinetic energy of the molecule and cause it moves more quickly.
The amount of kinetic energy can be calculated with the equation:
KE = [tex]\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}[/tex] . The kinetic energy of a moving object depends on its mass and velocity. The faster a molecule moves, the more kinetic energy it has.
Thus, increasing the concentration and temperature will increase the rate of reaction. The average kinetic energy can be calculated by using this formula KE = [tex]\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}[/tex]
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1. How does the chemical equation show that a chemical reaction took place?
2. What two elements are bonding in the chemical equation shown above?
3. What do the large numbers to the left of a symbol or formula tell you? (ex, 2Mg)
4. What do the small numbers to the right of a symbol or formula tell you? (ex. O2)
5. What is true about the elements at the start of a chemical reaction compared to the elements at the end of a the reaction?
1) There is a new product on the right hand side
2) Magnesium and oxygen
3) The stoichiometric coefficient of the reactants
4) The number of atoms of each of the elements in the molecule
5) At the start of the reaction, the elements are isolated while at the end of the reaction, the elements are combined.
What is a chemical reaction?We have to note that when we talk about a chemical reaction we mean the combination of two or more substances so that we can be able to get a product that is different from the reactants.
in this case, we can see that the reaction that has taken place is the combination of the oxygen molecule and the magnesium atom so as to give the magnesium oxide compound.
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the natural decay of ddt is a first order process with a half-life of 56 days. what is the rate constant, k, of ddt decomposition?
A first order process' rate constant, k, can be computed using the formula: k = 0.693/half-life.
What does equation mean in its entirety?A equation is a scientific statement indicating that two sums or values are equal, such as 6 x 4 = 12 x 2. When two or more components must be taken into account collectively in order to comprehend or describe the overall situation, this is known as an equation.
What sort of equation would that be?The meaning of an equation in algebra is a scientific statement that demonstrates the equality of two mathematical expressions. For instance, the equation 3x + 5 = 14 consists of the two equations 3x + 5 and 14, which are separated by the 'equal' sign.
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