what the were crusades and what were the religions involved in them? PLEASE DO NOT COPY AND PASTE 8)

Answer:

he Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims started primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups. In all, eight major Crusade expeditions occurred between 1096 and 1291. The bloody, violent and often ruthless conflicts propelled the status of European Christians, making them major players in the fight for land in the Middle East.

What Were the Crusades?

By the end of the 11th century, Western Europe had emerged as a significant power in its own right, though it still lagged behind other Mediterranean civilizations, such as that of the Byzantine Empire (formerly the eastern half of the Roman Empire) and the Islamic Empire of the Middle East and North Africa.

However, Byzantium had lost considerable territory to the invading Seljuk Turks. After years of chaos and civil war, the general Alexius Comnenus seized the Byzantine throne in 1081 and consolidated control over the remaining empire as Emperor Alexius I.

In 1095, Alexius sent envoys to Pope Urban II asking for mercenary troops from the West to help confront the Turkish threat. Though relations between Christians in the East and West had long been fractious, Alexius’s request came at a time when the situation was improving.

In November 1095, at the Council of Clermont in southern France, the Pope called on Western Christians to take up arms to aid the Byzantines and recapture the Holy Land from Muslim control. This marked the beginning of the Crusades.

Pope Urban’s plea was met with a tremendous response, both among the military elite as well as ordinary citizens. Those who joined the armed pilgrimage wore a cross as a symbol of the Church.

The Crusades set the stage for several religious knightly military orders, including the Knights Templar, the Teutonic Knights, and the Hospitallers. These groups defended the Holy Land and protected pilgrims traveling to and from the region.

Did you know? In a popular movement known as the Children's Crusade (1212), a motley crew including children, adolescents, women, the elderly and the poor marched all the way from the Rhineland to Italy behind a young man named Nicholas, who said he had received divine instruction to march toward the Holy Land.

First Crusade (1096-99)

Four armies of Crusaders were formed from troops of different Western European regions, led by Raymond of Saint-Gilles, Godfrey of Bouillon, Hugh of Vermandois and Bohemond of Taranto (with his nephew Tancred). These groups departed for Byzantium in August 1096.

A less organized band of knights and commoners known as the “People’s Crusade” set off before the others under the command of a popular preacher known as Peter the Hermit.

Ignoring Alexius’ advice to wait for the rest of the Crusaders, Peter’s army crossed the Bosporus in early August. In the first major clash between the Crusaders and Muslims, Turkish forces crushed the invading Europeans at Cibotus.

Another group of Crusaders, led by the notorious Count Emicho, carried out a series of massacres of Jews in various towns in the Rhineland in 1096, drawing widespread outrage and causing a major crisis in Jewish-Christian relations.

When the four main armies of Crusaders arrived in Constantinople, Alexius insisted that their leaders swear an oath of loyalty to him and recognize his authority over any land regained from the Turks, as well as any other territory they might conquer. All but Bohemond resisted taking the oath.

In May 1097, the Crusaders and their Byzantine allies attacked Nicea (now Iznik, Turkey), the Seljuk capital in Anatolia. The city surrendered in late June.

The Fall of Jerusalem

Despite deteriorating relations between the Crusaders and Byzantine leaders, the combined force continued its march through Anatolia, capturing the great Syrian city of Antioch in June 1098.

After various internal struggles over control of Antioch, the Crusaders began their march toward Jerusalem, then occupied by Egyptian Fatimids (who as Shi’ite Muslims were enemies of the Sunni Seljuks).

Encamping before Jerusalem in June 1099, the Christians forced the besieged city’s governor to surrender by mid-July.

Despite Tancred’s promise of protection, the Crusaders slaughtered hundreds of men, women, and children in their victorious entrance into Jerusalem.

Second Crusade (1147-49)

Having achieved their goal in an unexpectedly short period of time after the First Crusade, many of the Crusaders departed for home. To govern the conquered territory, those who remained established four large western settlements, or Crusader states, in Jerusalem, Edessa, Antioch and Tripoli.

Guarded by formidable castles, the Crusader states retained the upper hand in the region until around 1130, when Muslim forces began gaining ground in their own holy war (or jihad) against the Christians, whom they called “Franks.”

Explanation:

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the new innovations and spirit of entrepreneurialism of the industrial revolutions were outcomes of what

What is the difference between nations and nation states?

The primary difference between nations and nation states is that nation states are smaller.

The primary difference between nations and nation states is that nations have more than one official language.

The primary difference between nations and nation states is that nations have more diversity in their populations.

The primary difference between nations and nation states is that people in nation states are more loyal to the government.

Which statement best completes the diagram?
Effect
Cause
The Atlantic slave
trade expands in
western Africa
?
A Violence and poverty spread in western Africa.
B. Economic growth improves in western Africa.
C. Ethnic groups unite throughout western Africa.
O D. Populations grow rapidly in western Africa.

Does any one know any best introductions for the breadwinner if I'm doing a poem I'm in 6th grade and I don't know which is best?

FREEE POINTS!

Abolitionist Frederick Douglass was born in the state of Maryland in 1818. Which number marks the location of Maryland?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Which of these cities is Timbuktu? help plzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

How did the US and Germany differ in their response to the Great Depression?

1. · Prison Reform. • Women's Suffrage. Temperance Movement. All on the list above felt the impact of which of the following?

A. manifest destiny

B. national wake-up call

C. Lincoln's election

D. second great awaking ​

Examine this list of special interest groups:
• Sierra Club
• National Wildlife Federation
• Nature Conservancy

Which of the following could best be added to this list?
Republican Party

National Parks Conservation

Association

Libertarian Party

American Bankers

Association

During the Gilded Age, the shift to a system of mass production that paid workers low wages affected men, women, and children. O both men and women. O only children. O only men. Save and Exit Next Mark this and return.​

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heres the question:

Please match the word/ name/ term to the correct definition.

Question 7 options:

True believers adhered to a strict code of right and wrong or they believed that they would answer to God. They believed that someone living a moral life shows that that person is probably saved.


Was a Congregationalist educator, minister


A person that is killed because of the personal or religious beliefs, is someone that gains admiration or sympathy for their beliefs or their cause.


Had become friends with several Ohio abolitionists and had heard stories from fugitive slaves and Underground Railroad conductors, and would be inspired to write Uncle Tom’s Cabin, due to the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.


Some of these believers, that were Puritans who initially identified themselves as part of the Church of England. Each congregation had the right and responsibility to determine its own affairs. They emphasized their beliefs on freedom of conscience, a priesthood of all believers, and they have worked for civil and religious liberty.


A place for the collection of weapons and military equipment, where they are made and stored by a country.


Allowed the people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not they would allow slavery within their borders.


Was a radical abolitionist. He grew up with Calvinist beliefs and anti-slavery views.


The principle that the authority of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people. The people of the state have the right and power to chose for themselves.


Written to educate Northerners, most of which had never witnessed slavery firsthand, about the brutalities of the institution

1.
Lyman Beecher

2.
Congregationalists

3.
Harriet Beecher Stowe

4.
Uncle Tom's Cabin

5.
Calvinist

6.
John Brown

7.
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

8.
Popular Sovereignty

9.
Arsenal

10.
Martyr

I can’t figure these questions please help me

What was the cause of the Progressive movement?

To experience industrial growth a nation must have rich natural resources a large work force and capital true or fales

What does the message the league is alright when sparrows quarrel but fails when eagles fall out mean

hey so my brain isnt really working atm so does anyone mind answering this for me?

Help I will go give brainlist
Which statement best completes the diagram?
Cause
Effect
Water could be found
at oases in the
Arabian Peninsula.
?
O A. Arabian kingdoms became very isolated.
B. Invaders captured most Arabian territory.

Which of the following best describes Stalin’s rule of the Soviet Union?

a
Passive
b
Terrifying
c
Admirable
d
Progressive

Who persuaded the pope it was time for a change in France

Helppppppppppppppppppppppppppp

Please please help its urgent

In 1973, President Richard Nixon was linked to a break-in and coverup of the 1972 break at the Democratic National Headquarters at the Watergate complex. Investigations led prosecutors to demand that Nixon hand over all audiotapes recorded in his office, believing that the conversations on the tapes would prove or disprove Nixon's involvement. The President refused, citing "executive privilege" and that releasing the recordings could endanger national security. The prosecution asked the Supreme Court to order Nixon to release all of the tapes, a case that became known as the United States v. Nixon (1974).

Based on this information, the case of United States v. Nixon (1974) dealt with what Constitutional principle?

A) Suffrage
B) Federalism
C) Checks and Balances
D) Separation of Powers

What character traits
describe Dorthea Dix?

why would people support such ideologies
​

Which statement below best describes the idea of "Manifest Destiny"?
A: The belief that the nation must stay within its boundaries
B: Europe would no longer be able to colonize the Western Hemisphere
C: The belief that expansion was for the good of the country and the right of the country
D: The United States would respect land claims of Native Americans and all other countries

Why did artists show such a great burst of creativity that led to the
development of new art forms following World War I?

Under the Massachusetts Bay Colony's theocratic system, which of the following was true?
A.
Only Puritans could own businesses.
B.
Puritans were exempt from paying taxes.
C.
Only Puritans could vote for governor.
D.
Puritans were exempt from certain laws.

What is covered under the ADA?

Which statement about the impact of railroads on industry in the 1800s is false? Small towns along rail lines increased in size. Raw materials and finished goods could be shipped more quickly than ever before. Industrial cities faced hard times as businesses failed. The price of manufactured goods went down.