Answer:
Paperless transaction
Absorption and Variable Costing Comparisons: Production Equals Sales Assume that Smuckers manufactures and sells 30,000 cases of peanut butter each quarter. The following data are available for the third quarter of 2017. Total fixed manufacturing overhead $120,000 Fixed selling and administrative 20,000 Sales price per case 34 Direct materials per case 16 Direct labor per case 7 Variable manufacturing overhead per case 3 Required a. Compute the cost per case under both absorption costing and variable costing. Absorption $Answer Variable $Answer b. Compute net income under both absorption costing and variable costing. Do not use a negative sign with your answers. SMUCKERS Absorption Costing Income Statement For the Third Quarter of 2017 Sales Answer Answer Answer Answer Answer Answer Answer Net income Answer SMUCKERS Variable Costing Income Statement For the Third Quarter of 2017 Sales Answer Answer Answer Answer Answer Fixed expenses: Answer Answer Selling and administrative Answer Answer Net income Answer
Answer:
a:Total Variable Costs $26
a:Total Manufacturing Costs = $ 30
b:Net Income Variable Costing $100,000
b: Net Income Absorption Costing $ 100,000
Explanation:
Smuckers Manufacturers
Costs per case under Variable Costing
Direct materials per case 16
Direct labor per case 7
Variable manufacturing overhead per case 3
Total Variable Costs $26
Costs per case under Absorption Costing
Direct materials (30,000*16) 480,000
Direct labor (30,000*7) 210,000
Variable manufacturing overhead (30,000*3) 90,000
Total Variable Costs 780,000
Total fixed manufacturing overhead $120,000
Total Manufacturing Costs $ 900,000
Total Manufacturing Costs per Case= $ 900,000/ 30,000= $ 30
The difference between the variable and absorption costing is that the product costs include variable and fixed costs in absorption costing. But in variable costing the product costs include only variable costs.
SMUCKERS
Variable Costing Income Statement
For the Third Quarter of 2017
Sales (30,000*34) 1020,000
Direct materials (30,000*16) 480,000
Direct labor (30,000*7) 210,000
Variable manufacturing overhead (30,000*3) 90,000
Total Variable Costs 780,000
Contribution Margin 240,000
Fixed Expenses 140,000
Total fixed manufacturing overhead $120,000
Fixed selling and administrative 20,000
Net Income 100,000
In this case the net income under both variable and absorption costing does not change because the units produced are units sold. No cost is charged to ending inventory under absorption costing.
SMUCKERS
Absorption Costing Income Statement
For the Third Quarter of 2017
Sales (30,000*34) 1020,000
Direct materials (30,000*16) 480,000
Direct labor (30,000*7) 210,000
Variable manufacturing overhead (30,000*3) 90,000
Total fixed manufacturing overhead $120,000
Total Manufacturing Costs 900,000
Gross Profit 120,000
Fixed Expenses 20,000
Fixed selling and administrative 20,000
Net Income 100,000
How much would you need to deposit in an account now in order to have $4000 in the account in 5 years? Assume the account earns 3% interest compounded monthly.
Answer:
PV= $3,443.48
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Future value= $4,000
Interest rate= 0.03/12= 0.0025
Number of months= 5*12= 60
To calculate the initial investment required, we need to use the following formula:
PV= FV/(1+i)^n
PV= 4,000/(1.0025^60)
PV= $3,443.48
Suppose that during the past year, the price of a laptop computer fell from $2,500 to $2,300. During the same time period, consumer sales increased from 403,000 to 549,000 laptops. Calculate the elasticity of demand between these two price-quantity combinations by using the following steps.
original new Average Change Percentage
Quantity
Price
Answer:
Elasticity of Demand = 4.5
Demand is very elastic, because a small percentage change in price brought about a bigger percentage change in quantity demanded.
Explanation:
Data and Calculations:
Original Average New Average Change Percentage
Quantity 403,000 549,000 +146,000 36.23%
Price $2,500 $2,300 -$200 8%
b) Elasticity of demand: The elasticity of demand is calculated by dividing the % change in quantity by the % change in price which brought it about.
Percentage change in Quantity/Percentage change in price
= 36.23%/8% = 4.5
c) The elasticity of demand is the responsiveness of demand (consumers) to a change in price. If the responsiveness is less than 1, then demand is inelastic. If it is equal to 1, then demand elasticity is unitary. If it is more than 1, then demand is elastic.
Decision, since Elasticity is more than 1, the demand is very elastic.
Several years after reengineering its production process, King Corporation hired a new controller, Christine Erickson. She developed an ABC system very similar to the one used by King's chief rival. Part of the reason Erickson developed the ABC system was because King's profits had been declining, even though the company had shifted its product mix toward the product that had appeared most profitable under the old system. Before „ adopting the new ABC system, the company had used a plantwide overhead rate, based on direct labor hours developed years ago. For the upcoming year, King's budgeted ABC manufacturing overhead allocation rates are as follows:
Activity Allocation Base Activity Cost allocation rate
Materials handling Number of parts $4.00 per part
Machine setup Number of setups $375.00 per setup
Insertion of parts Number of parts $28.00 per part
Finishing Finishing direct labor hours $54.00 per hour
The number of parts is now a feasible allocation base because King recently purchased bar-coding technology. King produces two wheel models: Standard and Deluxe Budgeted data for the upcoming year are as follows:
Standard Delux
Parts per wheel 8 10
Setups per 1,000 wheels 20 20
Finishing direct labor hours per wheel 2 3.5
Total direct labor hours per wheel 2.6 3.4
The company's managers expect to produce 1,000 units of each model during the year.
Required:
a. Compute the total budgeted manufacturing overhead cost for the upcoming year.
b. Compute the manufacturing overhead cost per wheel of each model using ABC.
c. Compute the company's traditional plantwide overhead rate. Use this rate to determine the manufacturing overhead cost per wheel under the traditional system.
Answer:
King Corporation
a. Computation of total budgeted manufacturing overhead cost:
Activities Standard Deluxe Total
Materials handling (number of parts):
Standard = 8 x $4 x 1,000 $32,000
Deluxe = 10 x $4 x 1,000 $40,000 $72,000
Machine setup (number of parts):
= 20 x $375 $7,500 $7,500 $15,000
Insertion of parts (number of parts):
Standard = 8 x $28 x 1,000 $224,000
Deluxe = 10 x $28 x 1,000 $280,000 $504,000
Finishing (direct labor hours):
Standard = 2 x $54 x 1,000 $108,000
Deluxe = 3.5 x $54 x 1,000 $189,000 $297,000
Total $371,500 $516,500 $888,000
b. Computation of the manufacturing overhead cost per wheel of each model using ABC:
Standards = $371,500/1,000 = $371.50
Deluxe = $516,500/1,000 = $516.50
c. Computation of the company's traditional plantwide overhead rate to determine manufacturing overhead cost per wheel:
Overhead rate = $888,000/6,000 = $148
Manufacturing overhead cost per wheel:
Standard = $148 x 2.6 = $384.80
Deluxe = $148 x 3.4 = $503.20
Explanation:
a) Calculations:
Total overhead cost = $888,000
Allocation based on total direct labor hours per wheel
Plantwide overhead rate:
Total labor hours:
Standard 2.6 x 1,000 = 2,600 hours
Deluxe 3.4 x 1,000 = 3,400 hours
Total labor hours = 6,000 (2,600 + 3,400)
= $888,000/6,000 = $148 per direct hour
b) According to wikipedia.com, "Activity-based costing is a costing method that identifies activities in an organization and assigns the cost of each activity to all products and services according to the actual consumption by each. This model assigns more indirect costs into direct costs compared to conventional costing."
Raven Corporation owns three machines that it uses in its business. It no longer needs two of these machines and is considering distributing them to its two shareholders as a property dividend. All three machines have a fair market value of $20,000 each. Their basis is as follows: Machine A, $27,000; Machine B, $20,000; and Machine C, $12,000. The corporation has asked you for advice.
A. If Raven distributes Machine A, the result will be a_______loss of $_______.
B. If Raven distributes Machine B, the result will be_______of $______.
C. If Raven distributes Machine C, the result will be a______of $______.
D. Therefore, to________on Machine A, Raven should consider______Machine A. Raven should consider distributing Machine B because there will be______on the distribution. To______on Machine C, Raven should consider_______Machine C.
Answer:
A.If Raven distributes Machine A, the result will be a NONDEDUCTIBLE LOSS of $7,000
B. If Raven distributes Machine B, the result will be NO GAIN OR LOSS OF $0
C. If Raven distributes Machine C, the result will be a TAXABLE GAIN of $8,000
D.Therefore to PRESERVE THE LOSS on Machine A, Raven should consider SELLING Machine A. Raven should consider distributing Machine B because there will be NO RECOGNIZED GAIN OR LOSS on the distribution. To AVOID RECOGNIZING THE GAIN on Machine C, Raven should consider NEITHER SELLING NOR DISTRIBUTING Machine C
Explanation:
A. If Raven distributes Machine A, the result will be a NONDEDUCTIBLE LOSS of $7,000
Calculation as
(20,000 – 27,000) =-$7,000
B. If Raven distributes Machine B, the result will be NO GAIN OR LOSS OF $0
Calculated as :
(20,000-20,000)=$0
C. If Raven distributes Machine C, the result will be a TAXABLE GAIN of $8,000
Calculated as:
(20,000-12,000)=$8,000
D.Therefore to PRESERVE THE LOSS on Machine A, Raven should consider SELLING Machine A. Raven should consider distributing Machine B because there will be NO RECOGNIZED GAIN OR LOSS on the distribution. To AVOID RECOGNIZING THE GAIN on Machine C, Raven should consider NEITHER SELLING NOR DISTRIBUTING Machine C
Consider Country (Z) with a GDP level of 210,000 and a growth rate of 5% in 2019 (i.e. calculated at the end of year 2019). The experts predict that the growth of the economy of Country (Z) wills gradually slowdown in the coming years. More precisely, they foresee the following growth rates for the future: 2019 – 2022 (5%), 2022 – 2025 (3%). Hint: The list above should be read as saying that, for instance, `the growth rate from the end of 2019 until the end of 2022 will be 5%, then from the end of 2022 until the end of 2025 it will be 3%’ and so on. Requirement a) Assuming that the predictions of the experts listed above are accurate, when in the future will Country Z’s GDP double compared to the GDP level of 2019? [10 marks] b) What would Country Z’s GDP growth rate be from 2025 and so on at 1%? Explain your reasoning carefully. [5 marks] c) Consider now the more optimistic scenario in which the economy does not slow down and the current growth rate of 5% remains constant in the coming years. How long will it take for the GDP level to double in this scenario? Express your answer in two forms: i) In number of years [5 marks] ii) As a fraction of your answer in part a.
Answer:
Please help me, l can not answer it
Explanation:
Weatherwear estimates that every unit sold and returned due to defect costs the company $200 in profits. Approximately what would Weatherwear’s total profits have been in Year 5 if all units sold and returned due to defect had been eliminated?
Answer: С. $9.5 million
Explanation:
The units that were sold and later returned due to defect in Year 5 total;
= 688 + 124 + 536 + 28 + 101 + 8 + 206 + 28 + 120 + 1,050 + 30
= 2,919 units were sold and later returned
Each unit costs the company $200 in profits so;
= 2,919 * 200
= $583,800
Weatherwear made a total profit of $8.9 million in Year 5.
If the defective units had been eliminated then the loss as a result of the units would have been added to the profits as;
= 8,900,000 + 583,800
= $9,483,800
= $9.5 million
Super Carpeting Inc. (SCI) just paid a dividend (D₀) of $3.12 per share, and its annual dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate (g) of 6.50% per year. If the required return (r s ) on SCI’s stock is 16.25%, then the intrinsic value of SCI’s shares is
Answer:
Intrinsic Value = $33.23
Explanation:
The intrinsic value of a stock using the dividend valuation model is the present value of the the future dividend expected from the stock discounted at the required rate of return.
This model is represented as follows
D(1+g)/(r-g) = P
Price, D- dividend payable in now, ke- required rate of return, g- growth rate
D- 3.12 , g-6.50% r-6.25%
Intrinsic value = (3.12× 1.065)/(0.1625-0.065)= $33.228
Intrinsic Value = $33.23
Keidis Industries will pay a dividend of $5.15, $6.25, and $7.45 per share for each of the next three years, respectively. In four years, you believe that the company will be acquired for $69.00 per share. The return on similar stocks is 11.4 percent. What is the current stock price
Answer:
The answer is $59.85
Explanation:
This question will be solved using the Dividend Discount Model. It is one of the valuation methods used in valuing price of Equity/stock.
Po = D1 + (1 + r)^n + D2 + (1 + r)^n + D2 + (1 + r)^n + CF4 /(1 + r)^n
Po is the current worth of stocks
D1, D2, D3 is the dividend paid in year 1, 2 and 3
CF4 is the price of the company in year 4
r is the discount rate
n is the number of years
$5.15 /1.114^1 + $6.25 /1.114^2 +$7.45/1.114^3 + $69/1.114^4
$4.62 + $5.04 + $5.39 + $44.80
Current price of the stock = $59.85
McHale Company does business in two customer segments, Retail and Wholesale. The following annual revenue information was determined from the accounting system's invoice information:
20Y5
Retail $249,570
Wholesale $366,685
Total Revenue $616,255
20Y4
Retail $265,500
Wholesale $324,500
Total Revenue $590,000
Prepare a horizontal analysis of the segments. Round percentages to one decimal place. Enter negative values as negative numbers
Answer:
McHale Company
Horizontal Analysis of the segments
For the years 20Y4 and 20Y5
20Y5 20Y4 Difference amount Difference Percent
Retail $249,570 $265,500 $15,930 6.0%
Wholesale $366,685 $324,500 $42,185 13.0%
Total revenue $616,255 $590,000 $58,115 3.85%
Difference Percent Working
Retail= $15,930 / $265,500 * 100 = 6%
Wholesales = $42,185 / $324,500 * 100 = 13%
Total revenue = $58,115 / $590,000 * 100 = 3.85%
Classical economists contend that official measures of unemployment: Multiple Choice understate the problem due to the existence of discouraged workers. overstate the problem because most unemployment is voluntary. understate the problem due to involuntary part-time employment. overstate the problem because most unemployment is cyclical.
Answer: overstate the problem because most unemployment is voluntary.
Explanation:
Unemployment is a term that is used to refer to individuals who are looking for job but can not find a job.
Classical economists contend that official measures of unemployment
overstate the problem because most unemployment is voluntary.
According to the Classical economists, there is increase in employment because those seeking employment do not want to work for lower wages but will rather wait for high paying jobs and this therefore leads to overstating of the unemployment rate.
Question 3
When a court hears a breach of contract dispute, its job is to:
Tom and Suri decide to take a worldwide cruise. To do so, they need to save $15,000. They plan to invest $2,500 at the end of each year for the next six years to earn 9% compounded annually. Calculate the future value of the investment. (FV of $1, PV of $1, FVA of $1, and PVA of $1) (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Answer: $18,808.25
Explanation:
There is a constant cashflow of $2,500 making this an annuity.
The future value of the $2,500 paid every year for 6 years at 9% will be;
Future value of Annuity = 2,500 * Future Value of Annuity factor, 6 periods, 9%) (refer to attached table)
= 2,500 * 7.5233
= $18,808.25
The future value of the amount is more than the amount they would require.
Ken works in a U.S. based pharmaceutical company that sells antibiotics at a low cost to several African countries. He later learns that most of these drugs are expired antibiotics that have been repackaged by the company. Ken immediately informs one of his friends, a federal agent, regarding his company’s illegal activities. Which of the following statements is true of the given scenario?A) There are no implications because the shelf-life of pharmaceuticals is typically much longer than as dated.B) Ken’s constitutional right to freedom of speech would protect him from any form of retaliation by his employer.C) Ken would receive no protection since no comprehensive whistle-blowing law protects the right to free speech.D) Ken would be protected by law from retaliation by his employer.
Answer: D) Ken would be protected by law from retaliation by his employer.
Explanation:
Ken would be protected from any retaliation from his employer by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act under section §1514A of the act that protects Whistleblowers.
The act directly prohibits the discharging, demotion, suspension, harassment, or in any other type discriminate against a a whistleblower.
Ken in his actions acted as a Whistleblower and as such would be afforded due protection by the law.
The market basket approach is intended to isolate changes in consumption level by holding constant the cost of goods and services purchased in two or more periods of interest.
Answer:
The market basket approach is intended to isolate changes in price level by holding constant the quantity of goods and services purchased in two or more periods of interest.
The Market Basket Approach is a method of measuring price changes in the Economy and is usually used to track changes in an individual market segment. It works by constantly buying a certain amount of goods and services overtime. The changes in price for those exact same goods will give an indication of just how much price is changing by in the Economy.
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a type of CPI.
Dora Inc. reported the following on the company's cash flow statement: Sales $3,500,000 Net cash flow from operating activities 350,000 Net cash flow used for investing activities (100,000) Net cash flow used for financing activities (200,000) Free cash flow 290,000 What is the ratio of free cash flow to sales
Answer:
8.3%
Explanation:
Dora Inc. reported a sales of $3,500,000
The net cash flow from operating activities is $350,000
The net cash flow used for investing activities is $100,000
The net cash flow used for financial activities is $200,000
The free cash flow is $290,000
Therefore, the free cash flow to sales ratio can be calculated as follows
Free cash flow to sales ratio= Free cash flow/Sales × 100%
= $290,000/$3,500,000 × 100
= 0.0828×100
= 8.3%
Hence the ratio of the free cash flow to sales is 8.3%
Which is an example of an electronic storefront?
O A. A hair salon
B. An online bidding service
C. A taco stand
D. A pet store
Answer:
B......................
An online bidding service is an example of an electronic storefront. Hence, option B is correct.
What is meant by electronic storefront?For business owners who want to host a website that promotes their products and services and enables for online sales from clients, an electronic storefront is an eCommerce alternative.
Three of the greatest examples of contemporary companies are Amazon, J. Crew, and Etsy. They all employ a headless CMS, a pricing and promotions engine, and a custom search engine.
With a headless CMS like fabric XM, retailers can instantly update and modify their shop. A platform-based online shopping centre that houses a variety of online shops. With the use of the internet, all transactions—from choosing products to purchasing and selling goods and services—can be completed.
Thus, option B is correct.
For more details about electronic storefront, click here:
https://brainly.com/question/28249360
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In a company that employs continuous budgeting on a quarterly basis and has an accounting period that ends December 31 of each year, what period would the first revision and update to the January through December 2017 budget cover
Answer: April 1, 2017 through March 31, 2018.
Explanation:
The company employs continuous budgeting on a quarterly basis. This means that they make budgets for the year in quarters and move with those quarters.
The first revision therefore for the year 2017 will happen on the first day of the second quarter which is April 1. On this date the first quarter will be removed from the budget because it has been passed. However, since the budget always has to be in total of a year, another quarter is included which will be the next quarter on the calendar, the January 1 2018 to the March 31st 2018 quarter.
The period will thus cover April 1, 2017 through March 31, 2018.
2. Why is defining activities a process of project schedule management instead of project scope management
Answer:
Explanation:
Project schedule management is the allocation of timeframe to the task s to be done for a project to be successful while project scope management show the work that needs to be done.
Defining activities is a process of project schedule management, because it simply concentrates on how and when a task will be carried out while in project scope management l, the focus is on the work that will be performed on a project.
Trak Corporation incurred the following costs while manufacturing its bicycles.
Bicycle components $100,000
Advertising expense $45,000
Depreciation on plant 60,000
Property taxes on plant 14,000
Property taxes on store 7,500
Delivery expense 21,000
Labor costs of assembly-line workers 110,000
Sales commissions 35,000
Factory supplies used 13,000
Salaries paid to sales clerks 50,000
Required:
Identify each of the above costs as direct materials, direct labor, manufacturing overhead, or period costs.
Please find the answer below.
Explanation:
Bicycle components $100,000 - Direct materials
Advertising Expense $45,000 - Period costs
Depreciation on plant $14,000 - manufacturing overhead
Property taxes on plant $14,000 - manufacturing overhead
Property taxes on store $7,500 - manufacturing overhead
Delivery expense $21,000 - period costs
Labor costs of assembly-line workers $110,000 - Direct labor
Sales commissions $35,000 - Period costs
Factory supplies used $13,000 - Period costs
Salaries paid to sales clerks $50,000 - period costs
Cheers.
Rodgers Company gathered the following reconciling information in preparing its May bank reconciliation. Calculate the adjusted cash balance per books on May 31. Cash balance per books, 5/31 $5,400 Deposits in transit 375 Notes receivable and interest collected by bank 650 Bank charge for check printing 40 Outstanding checks 2,400 NSF check 140
Answer:
$5,870
Explanation:
Preparation for Rodgers Company Bank Reconciliation Statement
Cash balance per books, 5/31 $5,400
Add :Notes receivable and interest collected by bank $650
Total $6,050
Less: Bank charge for check printing ($40)
NSF check ($140)
Adjusted Cash Balance $5,870
Therefore the Adjusted Cash Book for Rodgers Company Bank Reconciliation Statement will be $5,870
We have the following data for a hypothetical open economy: GNP = $12 comma 00012,000 Consumption (C) = $7 comma 2007,200 Investment (I) = $1 comma 0001,000 Government Purchases (G) = $1 comma 6001,600 Tax Collections (T) = $1 comma 2001,200 What is the value of private savings plus public savings? $nothing (Enter your answer as an integer. Include a minus sign if necessary.) What is the value of the current account balance CA? $nothing (Enter your answer as an integer. Include a minus sign if necessary.)
Answer:
The value of private savings plus public savings is $3,200
The value of the current account balance CA is $2,200
Explanation:
In order to calculate the value of private savings plus public savings we would have to make the following calculation:
Total saving = private saving+public saving
Total saving =GNP-Tax Collections-Consumption+Tax Collections-Government Purchases
Total saving =$12,000-$1,200-$7,200+$1,200-$1,600
Total saving =$3,200
To calculate the value of the current account balance CA we would have to make the following calculation:
value of the current account balance CA=GNP-Consumption-Investment-Government Purchases
value of the current account balance CA= $12,000 - $7,200 -$1,000-$1,600
value of the current account balance CA= $2,200
E6-23 (similar to) Aunt Betty Bakery reported net sales revenue of $ 59 comma 000 and cost of goods sold of $ 17 comma 000. Compute Aunt Betty's correct gross profit if the company made either of the following independent accounting errors. a. Ending merchandise inventory is overstated by $ 4 comma 000. b. Ending merchandise inventory is understated by $ 4 comma 000.
Answer:
a. Ending merchandise inventory is overstated by $4,000.
net sales revenue of $59,000
cost of goods sold of $17,000 + $4,000 = $21,000
gross profit = $38,000
Since ending inventory was overstated, it means that COGS were understated.
b. Ending merchandise inventory is understated by $4,000.
net sales revenue of $59,000
cost of goods sold of $17,000 - $4,000 = $13,000
gross profit = $46,000
Since ending inventory was understated, it means that COGS were overstated.
Webby Inc. is a web development company. Webby’s monthly production function for developing websites is given in the table below. Webby pays $4,000 a month in rent for office space and equipment. It pays each programmer $3,000 a month. There are no other production costs. Fill in the table of production costs.
Answer and Explanation:
The computation of the filling of the given table for the production cost is shown in the attachment below:
As we know that
Total cost = Fixed cost + variable cost
Average fixed cost = fixed cost ÷ websites
Average Variable cost = Variable cost ÷ websites
Therefore the average total cost is
= Average fixed cost + average variable cost
The marginal cost is
= Change in total cost ÷ change in quantity
These formulas are used to complete the table as given below.
. Business Source Premier (EBSCO) and Lexis Nexis Academic are examples of research ________. a. periodicals b. indexes c. databases d. reports
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
These are all research databases
CDB stock is currently priced at $80. The company will pay a dividend of $4.57 next year and investors require a return of 10.8 percent on similar stocks. What is the dividend growth rate on this stock
Answer:
The answer is 5.09%
Explanation:
The model used in this question is the Dividend Discount Model and it is one of the methods used in determining the price of stock. Here, the price of stock had already been determined. We are looking for one of the variables (growth rate) used in determining the price.
The formula for determining price of stock is:
Po = D1/r - g
Where Po is the price of stock
D1 is the dividend for next year
r is the rate of return
g is the dividend growth rate
$80 = $4.57/0.108 - g
Cross multiply:
8.64 - 80g = 4.57
80g = 8.64 - 4.57
80g = 4.07
g = 4.07/80
g =0.05088
g = 5.09%
Sources of monopoly power A monopolist, unlike a competitive firm, has some market power. It can raise its price, within limits, without the quantity demanded falling to zero The main way it retains its market power is through barriers to entry-that is, other companies cannot enter the market to create competition in that particular industry Complete the following table by indicating which barrier to entry appropriately explains why a monopoly exists in each scenario.
Exclusive
Ownership Government-
of a Key Created Economies
Resource Monopolies of Sale
Patents are granted to inventors of a product
or process for a certain number of years. The
reason for this is to encourage innovation in the
economy. Without the existence of patents, it is
argued, research and development for improved
electronics is unlikely to take place, since there’s
nothing preventing another firm from stealing the
idea, copying the product, and producing it without
incurring the development costs.
Throughout much of the 20th century, many people
viewed South Africa’s De Beers Group as a monopoly
because it controlled a large percentage of diamond
production and sales.
In the electricity industry, low average total costs are
obtained only through large-scale production. In other
words, the initial cost of setting up all the necessary
wiring makes it risky and, most likely, unprofitable for
competitors to enter the market.
Answer:
1. Patents are granted to inventors of a product or process for a certain number of years. The reason for this is to encourage innovation in the economy. Without the existence of patents, it is argued, research and development for improved electronics is unlikely to take place, since there’s nothing preventing another firm from stealing the idea, copying the product, and producing it without incurring the development costs.
Government Created Monopoly.
Patents protect the intellectual property of a person or entity and prevent others from taking it and using it without rewarding the people who came up with it. The owners of the parents are able to dictate the selling of the resource and as such have a monopoly over it. Patents are granted by the government which makes this a Government created Monopoly.
2. Throughout much of the 20th century, many people viewed South Africa’s De Beers Group as a monopoly because it controlled a large percentage of diamond production and sales.
Ownership of Key Economic Resource.
As early as 1902, De Beers controlled 90% of the world's diamond production and under the leadership of J P Morgan, consolidated control over the diamond industry. They controlled many mines and also bought diamonds from other producers allowing them to control the diamond trade. Even though their control has waned of late, they still control around 35% of the world's diamond production which is a very significant percentage.
3. In the electricity industry, low average total costs are obtained only through large-scale production. In other words, the initial cost of setting up all the necessary wiring makes it risky and, most likely, unprofitable for competitors to enter the market.
Economies of Scale
To survive in the Electricity industry the company would need to have an extensive network to permit them to benefit from Economies of Scale. This can be very difficult to set up so companies stay away from the industry thereby creating a monopoly for those already in it.
railway cabooses just paid its annual dividend of 1.70 per share. The company has been reducing the dividends by 11.3 percent each year. How much are you willing to pay today to purchase stock in this company if your required rate of return is 12 percent?
Answer:
8.24
Explanation:
According to the given situation, the computation of purchase stock is shown below:-
Purchase price = Dividend in paid in next year ÷ (required rate of return - Growth rate)
= (1.70 ÷ (1 - 0.113)) ÷ (0.12 - (-0.113))
= 1.92 ÷ 0.233
= 8.24
Therefore for computing the purchase price we simply applied the above formula.
In calculating a predetermined overhead rate, a recent trend in automated manufacturing operations is to choose an activity base related to
Answer: c. machine hours.
Explanation:
In reference to Automated Operations, the Activity base that is usually used to in determining a pre-determined overhead rate are Machine hours.
It is standard practice to relate overhead to the Direct Labor involved in the production of a commodity and since in this case the direct Labor mostly consists of Machines (Automated) then it is best to relate activities to the Machine hours involved instead.
Obama drives up miles-per-gallon requirements Emissions from all new vehicles must be cut from 354 grams to 250 grams. To meet this new standard, the price of a new vehicle will rise by $1,300. Source: USA Today, May 20, 2009 What is the opportunity cost of reducing the emission level by 1 gram?
Answer:
$12.5 per gram
Explanation:
Opportunity cost is the cost which is:
Future related costCash flow in natureIncremental Cost or DifferentialIn simple words, opportunity cost is the benefit lost due to given up another best alternative.
To reduce the pollution level from 354 to 250 gram, the price of new vehicle will increase by $1300.
Hence
The increase in price per gram = $1,300 / (354 - 250) = $12.5 per gram
This is the opportunity cost per gram increase in Carbon dioxide emission which the companies will have to bear if they don't opt to environmental free vehicles.