The Maconochie's system of marks put the responsibility for earning early release on the inmate. This is the last option.
The Maconochie's system, also known as the Mark system, was a penal method that was developed by Alexander Maconochie in 1840 at the English penal colony of Norfolk Island (which is located east of Australia).
Prisoners there were held until they'd earned a number of marks (or credits) fixed in proportion to the seriousness of their offenses instead of serving fixed sentences. When a prisoner had obtained the required number of credits, which were accumulated for hard work, good conduct, and study, he became eligible for release.
The Mark system emphasized performance and training as the chief mechanisms of reformation.
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The ability for street-level bureaucrats to decide who is more, or less, deserving of some government service or benefit is called.
The ability for street-level bureaucrats to decide who is less or more deserving of some government benefit or service is called bureaucratic discretion.
Bureaucratic discretion refers to the authority ruled by members of the bureaucracy, unelected policy experts working within the executive branch, to carry out policy, and decide how it will be implemented. Among other things, bureaucratic discretion can take the forms of imposing fines, allocating grant programs, and issuing rules and regulations. Bureaucratic discretion has the power to decide who and to what extent deserve govenement services and benefits.
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The beck depression inventory is to ________ as the thematic apperception test is to ________.
The beck depression inventory is to projective technique as the thematic apperception test is to subtest for symptoms .
Projective technique:Respondents can use projective techniques to project their subjective or real ideas and beliefs onto other persons or even objects.
A projective test is a type of personality test that allows a person to respond to ambiguous stimuli. They aid in revealing hidden emotions and psychological problems that the test subject projects. They aid in the systematic display and projection of hidden emotions.
Rorschach, the Thematic Apperception Test, and figure drawings are the most well-known approaches. Techniques such as associations, imagery associations, grouping, and decision ordering are examples.
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Dodge has identified a hostile attributional bias that reactive aggressors display. In accord with the hostile attributional bias, reactive aggressors are likely to _____ hostile intent to a harmdoer when _____ .
a. overattribute; the harmdoer's intent is ambiguous
b. underattribute; the harmdoer's intent is benign
c. overattribute; the harmdoer's intent is hostile
d. none of these
In the situation illustrated above, it can be concluded to state that the reactive aggressors are likely to overattribute their hostile intent to a harmdoer when the intent of the harmdoer intent is ambiguous in the display of an attributional bias. Therefore, the option A holds true.
An attributional bias can be referred to or considered as a behavioral approach used by aggressors of an act, which involves an expression of hostility in the approach towards the end of the harmdoer. Moreover, the behavioral approach changes when the intentions of the harmdoer cannot be easily identified.
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people who score high in are good at forming relationships, are more satisfied in their relationships, and are likely to maintain a large number of relationships.
People who score high in are good at forming relationships, are more satisfied in their relationships, and are likely to maintain a large number of relationships because of Extroversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness.
The NEO-5 major five elements were proposed by Paul Costa and McCrae. In this character test, five significant qualities are estimated by this character test. There are Ocean five significant qualities.
Appropriateness or Agreeableness: The individual who scores high on this quality show various attributes, for example,
The individual will intrigue others demonstrate consideration about others
Extroversion: The individual who shows a high score on this quality is partake in the focal point of fascination. This sort of character likes to begin a discussion with others.
Honesty or Conscientiousness: The individual who will score high on this class will be coordinated, focus on the data and complete the responsibility with impeccable timing in the correct manner.
In this manner the individual who scores high on these attributes will have more pleasant relationships.
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Theories that link ongoing poverty to the personal failings of the individual, family, or community are referred to as what?
culture of poverty
Theories that link ongoing poverty to the personal failings of the individual, family, or community are referred to Culture of Poverty.
The culture of poverty is an idea in social hypothesis that states that the values of people experiencing poverty play a significant role in perpetuating their impoverished condition, sustaining a cycle of poverty across generations. It pulled in policy attention during the 1970s, and got scholarly analysis , and gotten back in the game toward the start of the 21st hundred years. It offers one way to explain why poverty exists despite anti-poverty programs.
As per the culture of poverty, guardians who are caught in destitution are bound to show the very conduct or perspective that make them poor to their kids.
The absence of understanding will cause the youngsters to grow up into grown-ups who don't have the comprehension on the most proficient method to make progress and in the long run would be caught in destitution cycle and rehash similar cycle to their kids
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a power analysis is often used to determine
a. the number of participants needed for a study
b. the likelihood of making a Type I error
c. the strength of the independent variable
d. wether to reject the null hypothesis
e. the alpha-level
Since a power analysis is frequently used to determine the number of participants required for a study, the appropriate response is (A)
What is meant by power analysis?Given the necessary statistical power, effect size, and significance level, a power analysis is the computation used to determine the minimum sample size needed for an experiment. It aids in determining whether a survey or experiment's findings are genuine and noteworthy or just the product of chance. The preferred power level is usually 0.80, although the researcher conducting the power analysis can pick a higher level, such as 0.90, which denotes a 90% likelihood that the researcher won't make a type II error. The required degree of significance is among the strict criteria in power analysis.
How we should calculate the power and what are the components of it?The likelihood that a hypothesis test would properly infer that a sample effect exists in the population is known as statistical power. In other words, a false null hypothesis is accurately rejected by the test. Power hence has a negative relationship with a Type II mistake. Power = 1 - β.
The power of a statistic is a function of the sample size, effect size, significance level, and one secondary element in addition to the three major parameters. Finding the appropriate sample size for a particular study is the most frequent justification for performing a power analysis.
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negotiations that take place directly between prison staff and a designated speaker to speak on the rioters' behalf are called what?
Negotiations that take place directly between prison staff and a designated speaker to speak on the rioters' behalf are called direct negotiations.
What are direct negotiations?
In a procurement process known as "direct negotiations," a purchasing organization may get in touch with a single contractor of its choosing to request a quote or tender without first engaging in a real "competitive" process. Direct negotiations may also be used to modify an existing contract.
To reach a mutually understood understanding, speakers engage in a process known as meaning negotiation. There are several methods for negotiating meaning, including asking for clarification, rephrasing, and confirming what you believe you have understood.
Therefore, Direct discussions are those that happen face-to-face between jail personnel and a chosen representative who will speak on the rioters' behalf.
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the research method employed was in nature. group of answer choices a) qualitative b) quantitative c) secondary both a and b
Research data can be placed into two broad categories: quantitative or qualitative.
Qualitative Data:When a researcher is attempting to quantify an issue or address the "what" or "how many" components of a research subject, quantitative data is employed. It is information that can be tallied or compared on a numerical scale. For example, it may be the number of first-year students at Macalester or the quality of cuisine provided at Cafe Mac on a scale of 1-4. This information is often acquired using devices such as a questionnaire with a rating scale or a thermometer to collect meteorological data. To examine quantitative data, statistical analysis software such as SPSS is frequently utilized.
Quantitative Data:Qualitative data describes characteristics or attributes. It is gathered by questionnaires, interviews, or observation and is typically presented in narrative form. It may be notes collected during a focus group on the quality of cuisine at Cafe Mac, or it could be comments from an open-ended questionnaire. Qualitative data can be difficult to quantify and interpret correctly. The data might be in the form of descriptive words that can be evaluated for patterns or significance using coding. Coding enables the researcher to categorize qualitative data and do quantitative analysis by identifying themes that match to the research objectives.
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describe how social roles, social norms, and scripts are evident in your life. meaning, give me an example of a social role that you play... how does that fit into the social norms... and how scripts guide that behavior.
The participants' acceptance of the fictional social roles they had been assigned to such an extent that they subscribed to norms that could be considered as morally reprehensible and acted according to the scripts they had about the context of imprisonment.
Explain about the imprisonment.
By agreeing that the guards were in authority and that the prisoners had to follow orders, both guards and convicts performed their social responsibilities.
All of them acted according to scripts created from what was known about imprisonment: the guards become violent and abusive, and the inmates resorted to vandalising their cells as a form of protest.
This experiment is relevant to real-world situations because it shows that adopting societal norms at face value can be risky and that one should always maintain a critical mindset.
A great example of a comparison is between the Stanford Jail Experiment, which was conducted in 1971, and the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq, where army personnel and CIA agents mistreated prisoners of war in 2003.
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according to yeh et al. (2006), which of the following statements is true about sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction?
Early on in a marriage, a high level of se-xual satisfaction has been shown to improve the quality and stability of the union.
What changes in a marriage's initial few years affect marital satisfaction?Couples' satisfaction with their relationship typically declines throughout the first few years of marriage; if the drop is particularly extreme, divorce may happen.
Is sexual satisfaction important in marriage?Physical intimacy and the need for both partners to feel listened and satisfied are essential elements of a successful marriage. One person's desires cannot take precedence over another's. Instead, it must be a constant dialogue where both parties feel free to share their ideas and objectives.
What period of a marriage appears to have the highest levels of marital satisfaction?One of the initial discoveries in the research on marital satisfaction is that, typically, partners' happiness peaks around the time of the wedding and then steadily drops after that.
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Someone who is feeling pressure in the chest, throat, or eyes is likely feeling which of the following emotions?
a. Surprise
b. Sadness
c. Anger
d. Fear
Answer:SADNESS
Explanation: Stress from grief can flood the body with hormones, specifically cortisol, which causes that heavy-achy-feeling you get in your chest area.
The problem comes when we try to swallow - the action of swallowing usually involves closing the glottis, which is wide open at this point, both due to the stress response and how the body cries.
Emotional tears contain more stress hormones and natural painkillers than other types of tears. They serve a therapeutic role, also known as “a good cry.
Theodolites, retroreflectors, and lidar sensors are often used by a person who has what profession?.
Theodolites, retroreflectors, and lidar sensors are often used by a geographical surveyor.
What are lidar sensors?Lidar sensors, which offer a detailed 3D view of their surroundings, are an essential part of autonomous vehicles. Lidar gives autonomous cars the ability to "see" by producing and measuring millions of data points in real time and building a detailed map of their constantly changing surroundings. Lidar-generated products are used by NOAA scientists to analyse both natural and artificial environments. Lidar data is used for processes including coastline mapping, emergency response, hydrographic surveying, inundation and storm surge modelling, hydrodynamic modelling, and coastal vulnerability analysis. Detection and ranging of light. This remote sensing technique is frequently referred to by the abbreviation LiDAR. It is also referred to as laser scanning or 3D scanning and uses light to detect distances.
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most college students perceive themselves as above average compared with their classmates. this best illustrates
This situation best illustrates the issue of self-serving bias.
What do you understand by self-serving bias?The prevalent practice of taking credit for positive occurrences or outcomes while blaming external sources for poor ones is known as a self-serving bias.
Age, culture, clinical diagnosis, and other factors can all have a huge impact on this. Numerous experiments have been conducted to investigate self-serving bias.
The researcher discovered that certain emotions in the results of the online emotional induction had an impact on self-serving bias.
The self-serving bias may be inverted by someone who is depressed or has low self-esteem; they may ascribe unfavorable outcomes to their own actions while attributing favorable outcomes to the actions of others.
Self-enhancement and self-presentation are thought to be the two driving forces behind the self-serving bias.
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what social, political, and economic trends in american life do you think caused the reform impulse during the progressive era? support your answer with details from the text
The boundary was vanishing as the continent became populated. The social, political, and economic changes in American life that gave rise to the reform drive during the progressive age were the realization that a small, once-struggling republic had grown into a world power.
Throughout the United States, the Progressive Era saw considerable social action and political reform with a goal of eradicating corruption, monopolies, waste, and inefficiency. While the waste and efficiency themes persisted into the 1920s, the main themes were abandoned during World War I.
A tradition of reform was established during the Progressive Era and has persisted in American culture ever since. Because they were breaking federal law, monopolies were dismantled. Numerous commercial associations, professional, civic, and religious organizations were established. They enhanced people's quality of life, and communities.
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a major check on presidential power is the impeachment and removal process. during this process, the house of representatives will decide guilt or innocence on the articles of impeachment.
which part of the spectrum of light is visible to humans?
The visible region of the spectrum can be seen by humans.
The several distinct wavelengths of energy that a light source produces are known as the light spectrum. Nanometers are used to measure light (nm). A wavelength of light or a band of light energy is represented by each nanometer. The sun's spectrum of colors, the rainbow, and a molecule's infrared absorption wavelengths are a few examples of spectra.
The visible section of the spectrum is the only part of the medium that the human eye can distinguish as light. It represents the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum where electromagnetic energy falls inside this band of wavelengths. Within this scope, violet at one end of the visible spectrum of 400 nm and red at the other, distinct wavelengths are seen as distinct hues of 700 nm.
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what are key difficulties of delivering on the hopes attached to the idea of sustainable development?
Harmonizing three key factors—economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection—is essential for sustainable development.
What is a sustainable example?When natural resources are protected, environmental sustainability results. Pesticides, fertilizers, and monocropping all erode healthy soil. That soil loses its ability to grow food when it becomes sterile. One illustration of environmental sustainability is that.
How is a good sustainable created?A product must be feasible to create and/or consume without causing harm or devastation in order to be considered sustainable. It is doubtful that a product may be called sustainable if its manufacture uses nonrenewable resources, harms the environment, or negatively affects people or society.
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What is the current regional trade agreement that guides trade in north america?.
The U.S. at Mexico and in Canada Agreement (USMCA) is the ongoing trade agreement among the named parties. The USMCA guides and replaced a part of North American Free type of Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) has released a USMCA Center to function a one forestall save for facts regarding the USMCA. The USMCA Center coordinates CBP’s implementation of the USMCA Agreement, making sure a easy transition with constant and complete steerage to our inner and outside stakeholders.
The NAFTA is The North American Free Trade Agreement is a treaty among Canada, Mexico and the United States. The cause is of getting rid of boundaries to the change of products and offerings many of the 3 countries. Free change regions are shaped via way of means of agencies of nations that signal agreements to facilitate change and decrease change boundaries. The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) is a change in guides deal that changed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
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What kind of person is Thomas Putnam? Offer one concrete detail about him from the text to characterize him.
Thomas Putnam is An Unpleasant Man , Born into one of Salem's wealthiest families, he has been called "the sick man" and "the wrathful man." He considers himself "intellectually superior to most people around him."
What is Thomas Putnam's motivation in the Crucible?Putnam is a bitter man who feels that the citizens of Salem are not giving him and his family the respect they deserve. He seeks respect and revenge by increasing his wealth, land and influence as much as possible.
Who is Thomas Putnam in Act 1?Thomas Putnam is a greedy man who urges Reverend Paris to become stronger and confront the witchcraft within them. He uses his daughter to accuse people with the property he covets. Miller and most historians believed that many of the witchcraft accusations were based on such greedy and selfish desires.
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20 students were observed to see how their scores were affected before and after a module. what are the degrees of freedom in this example?
20 students were watched to see how a module affected their grades before and after. In this case, the degrees of freedom are 9 (n-1, where n is the number of pairings) – 20 – 1 = 19.
How is the degree of freedom calculated?Subtract the quantity of relations from the quantity of observations to calculate degrees of freedom. The number of observations, n, must be subtracted one (1) in order to calculate the degrees of freedom for a sample mean or average.
The meaning of degree of freedom is?Degrees of freedom are the maximum number of logically independent, or potentially different, values in the sample of data.
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the shelter rule affords what rights to the ultimate recipient of a transferred negotiable instrument that was at some point transferred by a holder in due course?
Pursuant to the shelter rule, the transferee of a negotiable instrument receives all of the rights of the transferor of the instrument, unless the transfer is carried out by fraud or illegal means.
What aims does the shelter concept pursue?The shelter concept also offers protection to buyers who buy collateral from other consumers. According to this equitable principle, a good faith buyer of property basically acquires all of the rights that the transferor of that property possessed.
What kind of shelter is provided?According to applicable State law (including regulation) governing the regular provision of shelter, safe homes, meals, and supportive services to victims of family violence, domestic violence, or dating violence, the term "shelter" refers to the provision of temporary refuge and supportive services.
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true or false? retrospective studies are more susceptible to bias than prospective studies because of differences in the timing of the study.
True. retrospective studies are more susceptible to bias than prospective studies because of differences in the timing of the study.
What you mean by retrospective study and prospective studies?Retrospective study is a study comparing two groups of people. A person with the disease or condition under study (cases) and a group of very similar individuals without the disease or condition (controls).
In a prospective study, the following results will be observed during the study period: B. Disease onset, and linking this with other factors, etc. B. Suspected Risks or Protective Factors. This study usually involves taking cohorts of subjects and observing them over a long period of time.
What is the difference between retrospective and prospective?Prospective studies observe people over time and collect data as their characteristics and circumstances change. A birth cohort study is a good example of a prospective study. Retrospective research involves interviewing people to gather information about their past.
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Look at the sentence below and convert it to a note. Remember to include symbols when appropriate.
Sentence: Short stories have complex characters and powerful themes.
The short story that have complex characters and powerful themes is a story about courage
What is a short story?A short story is defined as a piece of prose fiction which can typically can be read in one sitting and focuses on a self-contained incident or series of linked incidents,
Tolkien’s: The Hobbit tells the tale of unlikely courage. Bilbo Baggins, who musters his courage and leaves his quiet life as a homely hobbit to undertake an important quest.
Robin Hood: a character from English folklore, is famous for his acts of courage – namely, stealing from the rich and giving to the poor.
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TRUE/FALSE. as people increasingly rely on impersonal digital devices to communicate, the in-person concert experience becomes less appealing.
Answer: False
Explanation:
What component of prenatal vitamins reduces the potential of a neonatal spina bifida birth defect?.
will went into a depression after his 3-year relationship ended. he reported thinking that no one wanted him and that he would be alone for the rest of his life. will visited a therapist to treat his depression. the therapist challenged will's belief that he was alone and reminded him of his other close relationships with friends and family. will received which type of therapy?
This type of theory is called Cognitive Restructuring.
What do you mean by Cognitive Restructuring?
The process of cognitive deals with conscious and intellectual activity.
Cognitive restructuring can be defined as the technique that has been successfully used to help people change the way they think
It replaces stress-producing thoughts with more balanced thoughts that do not produce stress.The four steps in Cognitive Restructuring includes
Calm yourself.Write down the situation Identify the moods Write down the automatic thoughts you experienced when you felt the mood.To know more about Cognitive from the given link
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according to burdette, ellison, sherkat, and gore (2007), which of the following statements is true about extramarital sex?
According to Burdette, Ellison, Sherkat, and Gore (2007), the statements which is true about extramarital sex is, People who are very religious are less likely than others to have extramarital sex.
When a married individual participates in sexual activity with someone other than their spouse, it is known as extramarital sex. When a single individual engages in sexual activity with a married person, the phrase may be used. Consensual non monogamy is the term used when extramarital sexual interactions do not violate a sexual norm.
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luella's therapist has recommended that they employ systematic desensitization to help luella overcome her fear of flying. what is the first step to take?
Teach Luella how to use progressive muscle relaxation or another type of relaxation.
Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) is a deep relaxation method that has been successfully used to lessen the symptoms of some types of chronic pain as well as to control stress and anxiety. A key component of progressive muscle relaxation is the straightforward technique of tensing or tightening one muscle group at a time, followed by a relaxation phase in which the tension is released. You can learn how to relax your muscles with the two-step Progressive Muscle Relaxation technique. In the beginning, you repeatedly contract certain muscle groups in your body, such your neck and shoulders. After that, you relax your muscles and take note of how they feel.
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sam (5-year-old) smells chicken at his grandmother’s house and comments that she must be having a party. she indicates that she is not, but sam thinks another party is going to occur because the last time he smelled chicken she had a party. this incident reflects what kind of reasoning?
Transductive Reasoning is the type of reasoning reflects in Sam's incident.
What is Transductive Reasoning?The proclivity of a child in the preoperational stage of cognitive development to see a link between unrelated events while using neither deductive nor inductive reasoning.Transductive inference is reasoning from the specific to the specific without using general rules: 'Transduction or transductive inference is reasoning from observed, specific (training) cases to specific (test) cases in logic, statistical inference, and supervised learning.A type of logic that is commonly used by young children. Based on what they already know, they draw inferences or draw logical conclusions that may or may not be correct.It is an important developmental stage. It demonstrates that a child is developing logical, cause-and-effect thinking. The incorrect conclusions are frequently cute and funny, but they can be dangerous.To learn more about reasoning refer to :
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u.s. economic well-being depends on the economic behavior of billions of individuals around the world and on the economic policy decisions of dozens of foreign governments in both underdeveloped and developing nations.True False
The Governments influence the whole economy by changing levels a different types of taxes the extend and composition of spending money and the degree and form of borrowing cash.