Answer:
Linear expansion is ΔL = αLoΔT
Explanation:
you are given a 7/16-in-dia, class 7 bolt with rolled threads is preloaded to 70% of its proof strength when clamping a 2.75 in-thick sandwich of solid steel. you are also to find the safety factors against fatigue failure, yielding and joint separation when a 1000 lbf (peak) fluctuating external load is applied. there is only 1 bolt used. the bolt modulus and the member are the same. hence, you are to calculate the joint factor and its coefficients followed by all the fatigue parameters. for this question, what is the value of the local mean fatigue stress () on the bolt in units of psi?
The local mean fatigue stress () on the bolt is 3846.15 psi
What is fatigue stress?
failure caused by repetition and load cycle of a structure or component. Even if the applied stresses are less than the component's allowable stress, failure from fatigue stress can still happen because of the frequency of the loads. Although fatigue stress is frequently linked to tensile loads, it can also happen frequently under compression loads. Flange: A ring-shaped bulk piping part that joins two pieces of pipe together or, more generally, connects piping to equipment. Although they can also be threaded, flanges are generally welded to a connected pipe. A gasket is positioned between two fibers for sealing and two flanges are bolted together using bolts and nuts.
The local mean fatigue stress () is calculated by dividing the fluctuating external load (1000 lbf) by the effective area of the bolt (A_e) and using the following equation:
= (1000 lbf) / A_e
Where A_e is the effective area of the bolt, which can be calculated using the following equation:
A_e = (π/4) * (7/16 in)^2 * (0.7) = 0.26 in^2
Therefore, the local mean fatigue stress () on the bolt is:
= (1000 lbf) / (0.26 in^2) = 3846.15 psi
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a wind turbine rotates at 19 rev/min. if its power output is 4.0 mw, what is the torque produced on the turbine from the wind (in n · m)?
The torque produced on the turbine from the wind is 2 000 kN/m². Torque is the rotating equivalent of force in physics and mechanics.
What is torque?Torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force in physics and mechanics. Depending on the field of study, it is also known as the moment, moment of force, rotational force, or turning effect. It represents a force's ability to cause a change in the rotational motion of the body.
The number of revolution per minute of the turbine = 19 rev/min
The power output of the turbine = 4.0 MW
The power transmitted to a shaft equation is given as follows;
P = 2* N * T * π / 60
Where;
P = The power transmitted to a turbine shaft = 4.0 MW
N = The number or revolutions per minute = 19 rev/min
T = The torque produced on the turbine by the wind
Therefore
Torque T = P *60 / 2 * N * π = 4.0 * 60 / 2 * π * 19 = 240 / 38 * π
= 6.31 / π
The torque produced on the turbine from the wind = 6.31/π MN·m
≈ 2 MN·m² = 2 000 kN/m² .
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how high would water rise in the pipes of a building if the water pressure gauge shows the pressure at the ground floor to be 270 kpa (in m)
27.6 m high would water rise in the pipes of a building if the water pressure gauge shows the pressure at the ground floor to be 270 kpa (in m).
How does water pressure increase with height?One liter of water weighs one kilogram and has a volume of one thousand centimeters since water is roughly 1000 times heavier than air. Again, if we make a column with a surface area of 1 cm2 and a height of 10 m, we will achieve a water pressure of 1 kg/cm2 (1 bar = 1 kg/cm2) at the bottom. Every 10 meters of depth results in an increase of 1bar in water pressure.Larger pipes improve the water flow through the line, but they won't boost your water pressure if the water flow isn't sufficient. Although municipal water systems offer tremendous pressure, a bigger line won't necessarily be beneficial. Larger lines don't automatically make things stronger or quicker.Learn more about water pressure refer to :
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if a 25 kva transformer had a primary voltage of 4,800 volts and an output voltage of 240 volts, what would the maximum primary and secondary amperage be before overload?
The maximum primary amperage before overload = 5.2083 amp
The maximum secondary amperage before overload = 104.166 amp
What is amperage?The one-word term for "electrical current," which is measured in amperes, is amperage (amps). It describes the amount of electrical charge flowing through a system, or the maximum amount of electrical current that a system can safely handle. This maximum amount is also known as "ampacity," which is a portmanteau of "amperage capacity."
One ampere is equal to one coulomb of charge (6.241 x 10¹⁸ electrons) per second. As an example, if two amperes pass through a given point in an electrical system every second, the system has an amperage of two.
When it comes to electrical safety, amperage is a crucial concept to understand. Although electricity can be expressed as wattage, voltage, or amperage.
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As a cupcake aficionado Jeremiah has sampled red velvet cupcakes from bakeries and restaurants across the country but he has determined that none tastes better than his grandmother's
Red velvet cake, which is well-liked in the southern United States, is a vanilla cake with a few tablespoons of cocoa powder and red food coloring added.
What Is the History of Red Velvet Cake?Red velvet cake is thought to have started during the Victorian era, according to historians. Since cake flour wasn't yet available, vinegar was used to tenderize cakes. The cake turned reddish-brown when vinegar and non-Dutch processed cocoa powder were combined.Early in the 20th century, the first red velvet cake recipes were published, and as the cake gained popularity across the United States, southerners began adding buttermilk as another acid.Before the Second World War, the method of making cocoa powder changed, and it stopped becoming red when mixed with acids. Reduced beet juice was added because people continued to desire that red cake. Red velvet cake became widely known thanks to Adams Extract, a southern dye company, which published a recipe using its red food dye.The first frosting was a French roux-style buttercream, also known as gravy frosting since it begins with the same kind of roux used to make gravy. Cream cheese frosting is a much more recent invention. It is incredibly light and fluffy when the butter is added at the end, but it takes a long time to make. Consequently, cream cheese frosting became the standard.To Learn more About Red velvet cake refer To:
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dr. muldoon has been asked to conduct a transfer evaluation. what is the purpose of this type of evaluation?
Answer:
to help courts determine whether a juvenile should remain in the juvenile court system or be transferred to the adult court system
Explanation:
hope it helps!
a proportional-only controller is applied to a stable first-order process with a time constant of 10 minutes. the p controller produces a steady state offset of 0.25 in response to a unit step change in the set-point. to eliminate the offset, it is suggested that a pi controller (with the same proportional gain) be used instead. what is the smallest value of the integral time constant that would guarantee a non-oscillatory closed-loop response under the pi controller?
The correct answer is 10 minutes.
how to calculate the result?The smallest value of the integral time constant that would guarantee a non-oscillatory closed-loop response under a PI controller, in this situation, would be 10 minutes.
A proportional-only controller applied to a stable first-order process with a time constant of 10 minutes will produce a steady state offset of 0.25 in response to a unit step change in the set-point. To eliminate this offset, a PI controller with the same proportional gain can be used instead. In order for the PI controller to produce a non-oscillatory response, the integral time constant must be set to at least the same value as the process time constant (10 minutes in this case).
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Spot welding is a:
A) resistance welding process.
B) arc welding process.
C) braze welding process.
D) laser welding process.
It is to be noted that Spot welding is a: "resistance welding process." (Option A)
What is the definition of Spot welding?Spot welding (also referred as resistance spot welding) is a method of resistance welding. This welding procedure is generally used to join two or more metal sheets together by providing pressure and heat to the weld region using an electric current.
Spot welding is commonly used to join specific types of metal sheets, welded wire mesh, or wire mesh. Thicker stock is more tricky to spot-weld because heat travels more quickly into the surrounding metal. Many sheet metal objects, such as metal buckets, may be identified by spot welding.
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Augusta Ada King is famous for
Answer:
Augusta Ada King is famously known for her work on Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine.
Explanation:
air enters a duct with a mass flow rate of 0.3 kg/s, temperature of 300 k and pressure of 200 kpa. a resistance heater within the duct delivers 50kw to the air. the air leaves the duct at the temperature of 400 k . determine the rate of heat loss from the duct (in kw).
The rate of heat loss from the duct (in kw) = 35.15 kw.
What is heat loss?The intentional or accidental transfer of heat from one material to another is known as heat loss. Conduction, convection, and radiation are possible mechanisms for achieving this. When two components are directly in contact, whether they are insulated or not, conduction frequently happens.
When your pipe, electric heater, or other component has an air barrier surrounding it, convection occurs. When there is no contact and heat propagates as waves, radiation results.
When you relocate a process or alter your assembly line, factors that affect heat loss may change. Your application will continue to operate with the same level of quality and consistency as it did prior to the change if you focus on the heat loss factors and make the necessary adjustments to your controlling equipment or insulation strategies.
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If you are exposed to infected bodily fluid, what should you do after properly washing the area?
Answer:
When you have finished disinfecting it, you should dress it.
Explanation:
a steel tape measure has been calibrated at 250c. if the tape measure is used to measure a length of plastic pipe when the outside temperature is 150c, the measurement will be:
A steel tape measure has been calibrated at 25°c. if the tape measure is used to measure a length of plastic pipe when the outside temperature is 15°c, the measurement will be: lesser than the actual measurement.
What is temperature?Specifically, temperature is a measurement of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object, which is a form of energy linked to motion. It expresses how hot or cold something is. The question is, however, how hot and how cold is each? It is not very scientific to use words like hot and cold.
The use of temperature is required if we are to accurately describe how hot or cold something is. Take melted iron as an example; how hot is it? A physical scientist would take the liquid metal's temperature into consideration to provide an answer. Confusing words like "hot" or "cold" should be replaced with "temperature."
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technician a says adjusting the steering gear too tightly can cause hard steering. technician b says adjusting the steering gear too tightly can cause poor returnability. who is correct?
Incorrect caster and, to a lesser extent, incorrect toe-in can both contribute to alignment issues. Poor returnability results in continual lane correction, which contributes to driver pain and fatigue
What change has the biggest impact on steering wheel play?The most important modification impacting steering wheel play with a manual gearbox is over-center clearance. Power steering pumps that aren't working properly are typically replaced rather than rebuilt in the shop.Excessive play is typically brought on by worn steering racks and tie rod ends, and steering systems typically provide enough warning of issues.Incorrect caster and, to a lesser extent, incorrect toe-in can both contribute to alignment issues. Poor returnability results in continual lane correction, which contributes to driver pain and fatigue. It also means that the steering wheel must always be manually turned to center after performing a turn.To learn more about Steering wheel refer to:
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a 4-ton air conditioner removes 5.06 × 10 7 j 5.06×107 j (48,000 british thermal units) from a cold environment in 1.00 h. (a) what energy input in joules is necessary to do this if the air conditioner has an energy efficiency rating ( e e r ) (eer) of 12.0? (b) what is the cost of doing this if the work costs 10.0 cents per 3.60 × 10 6 j 3.60×106 j (one kilowatt-hour)? (c) discuss whether this cost seems realistic. note that the energy efficiency rating ( e e r ) (eer) of an air conditioner or refrigerator is defined to be the number of british thermal units of heat transfer from a cold environment per hour divided by the watts of power input.
(a) Energy input in joules that is necessary to do this if the air conditioner has an energy efficiency rating (eer) of 12.0 is, W = 1.44 × 10⁷ Joules.
(b) The cost of doing this if the work costs 10.0 cents per 3.60 × 10⁶ j is, Cost = $0.4 or 40 cents.
What is energy?In physics, energy is the quantifiable property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system and is observable in the production of work as well as in the form of heat and light. Energy is a conserved resource; according to the law of conservation of energy, energy can only change its form; it cannot be created or destroyed. The joule is the unit of measurement for energy in the International System of Units (SI) (J).
Common types of energy include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy held by an object, the elastic energy held in a solid object, the chemical energy linked to chemical reactions, the radiant energy carried by electromagnetic radiation, and the internal energy contained within a thermodynamic system.
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technician a says a worn or damaged idler arm can cause front-end shimmy. technician b says a worn or damaged idler arm can cause hard steering. who is correct?
Insufficient power steering fluid in your system is the most frequent cause of a stiff steering wheel.
What can be a sign that the steering system's parts are damaged?Any noises emanating from the steering wheel could be an indication of a broken steering belt, worn internal gears, or insufficient steering fluid. A new belt must be purchased right away if there is a belt problem. When making a turn, have you noticed a whining or a delayed response? The pump might be about to stop working.Insufficient power steering fluid in your system is the most frequent cause of a stiff steering wheel. This frequently occurs when there is a system leak coming from the pressurized hose location. The majority of the time, the reason for the fluid leak is a fractured or loose hose.To learn more about Steering refer to:
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gallium melts just above room temperature and is liquid over a very wide temperature range , which means it would be a suitable fluid for a high-temperature barometer. given its density, , what would be the height of the column if gallium is used as the barometer fluid and the external pressure is ?
1.6 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] m would be the height of the column if gallium is used as the barometer fluid and the external pressure.
P = ρhg
where,
P - Pressure
h - height
ρ - density
g - 9.8 m/[tex]s^{2}[/tex]
Given,
P = 9.5 x [tex]10^{4}[/tex] KPa
= 9.5 x [tex]10^{7}[/tex] Kg/[tex]ms^{2}[/tex]
ρ = 6.0 g/c[tex]m^{3}[/tex]
= 6.0 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] Kg/[tex]m^{3}[/tex]
Put values in Eqn -
h = P / ρ x g
h = 9.5 x [tex]10^{7}[/tex] / 6.0 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] x 9.8
Therefore,
h = 1.6 x [tex]10^{3}[/tex] m i.e, height of gallium
What is Barometer?
A barometer is a scientific device that measures atmospheric pressure, also known as barometric pressure. The atmosphere is made up of layers of air that wrap around the Earth. As gravity pulls it to Earth, that air has weight and presses against everything it touches. This pressure is measured by barometers.
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a heating element operates on 115 v. if it has a resistance of 15.4 ohms, what current, in amps, does it draw?
The heating element is currently receiving 7.47 mps of current. we can construct the equation for the current flowing through the heating element as well as the potential difference across the heating element depending on the resistance of the element.
What is the definition of the houses law?The Homes Law, which indicates that the current flowing through the heating element and into the resistance is equivalent, is applied in this case, which states that the potential difference across the hitting element, or V, is equal to that product.Using this equation, we can construct the equation for the current flowing through the heating element as well as the potential difference across the heating element depending on the resistance of the element. Furthermore, across the L.A. Mentors 115 problem, the potential difference is bold. Additionally, there is a possibility of a parliament with 15 14 arms; therefore, the maximum electric current is 115. The heating element is currently receiving 7.47 mps of current.To learn more about Homes Law refer to:
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problem 1: (a) design a compound 2-stage reverted gear train as a speed increaser to provide a total speed increase of exactly 48:1. minimize the gearbox size and use 20° pressure angle full depth gears all with the same diametral pitch, and avoid interference. show a simple scaled sketch or drawing of your meshed gears and clearly give the number of teeth on each gear (n2, n3, n4, n5). (b) repeat this with a 22.5° pressure angle. (c) using a diametral pitch of 16, what is the distance between the shafts, d, in cases (a) and (b)?
The distance between the shafts, d, in cases (a) and (b) Using a diametral pitch of 16 is, D = 29.56m
What is distance?Distance is a measurement of how far apart two objects or points are, either quantitatively or occasionally qualitatively. Distance in physics or common usage can refer to a physical length or an estimate based on other factors (e.g. "two counties over").
The term is frequently used metaphorically to refer to a measurement of the difference between two similar objects (such as statistical distance between probability distributions or edit distance between strings of text) or a degree of separation since spatial cognition is a rich source of conceptual metaphors in human thought (as exemplified by distance between people in a social network).
The concept of a metric space is used in mathematics to formalize the majority of such notions of distance, both literal and figurative.
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2. compute the normal and shear stresses when the cube is rotated 20o clockwise from the horizontal plane and draw them on the cube.
The shear stress must act parallel to the boundary at a location like an or b on the cross section's boundary.
What kind of stress is typical?According to the name, a stress is considered normal when the direction of the deforming force is perpendicular to the body's cross-sectional area. If the wire's length or the body's volume changes, the stress level will remain normal.The shear stress must act parallel to the boundary at a location like an or b on the cross section's boundary. The shear formula, = VQ/Ib, cannot be used to calculate the shear stresses at line ab across the cross section since it is not parallel to the y axis.To learn more about Shear stress refer to:
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Why is it important to recognize the proper boundaries or limits of algorithms?
A.
because otherwise the algorithm might contain logic errors or might not work properly
B.
because otherwise the algorithm might not be competitive enough in today’s economy
C.
because algorithms are so complex that they need built-in boundaries to keep them understandable
D.
because algorithms are so powerful that they need built-in boundaries to keep them from taking over the world
(i wasted 100 points for this)
Answer:
Im gonna go with C. because algorithms are so complex that they need built-in boundaries to keep them understandable
Explanation:
Algorithms are getting so complex to the point where we are losing our ability to understand them. What does this tell you? Boundaries and limits are very important.
what is the final temperature inside the vessel after combustion, assuming that the steel vessel has a mass of 13.720 kgkg , the mixture of gases has an average molar heat capacity of 21 j/(mol⋅∘c)j/(mol⋅∘c) , and the heat capacity of steel is 0.499 j/(g⋅∘c)j/(g⋅∘c) ?
The temperature inside the container following combustion, assuming that the steel container has a mass of 13.720 kg is .787 j/g c
Heat incresed = Specified heat *ΔT* Mass
Setting the delta Temps equal,
I have: 802000 J - x J / (.449 J/g C ) (13720 g ) = x J /(.787 J/g C ) (80g) * x = 7682 J
794264J/6610.5J C = 7682J/63JC
122 C = 122 C = delta T * I converted the 21 J / mole C for the three gases Then the temperature 63 J /80g C = .787 J /g C.
Based on the freezing and boiling temperatures of water, the two most used temperature scales are Celsius (C) and Fahrenheit (F). Between the two points, there are 100 increments on the Celsius scale and 180 on the Fahrenheit scale. Kelvins, a unit of the International System, are also used by scientists (K).
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A diver stands at the very end of the diving board shown in the figure. The diver
weighs 80kg and the board weighs 90kg. Assuming the board doesn't flex and the diver
is motionless, what are the reaction forces at points A and B?
The only force acting on the diver is the force of gravity, which is equal to the diver's weight. The weight of the diver can be calculated using the formula weight = mass * acceleration due to gravity, where the mass is 80 kg and the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s^2. This means that the weight of the diver is 784 N.
How is gravity affecting?The diving board is also subject to the force of gravity, which is equal to its weight.
The weight of the diving board can be calculated in the same way, using its mass of 90 kg and the acceleration due to gravity of 9.8 m/s^2. This means that the weight of the diving board is 882 N.
Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that the reaction force at point A is equal in magnitude to the weight of the diver, or 784 N. The reaction force at point B is equal in magnitude to the weight of the diving board, or 882 N.
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Thermal energy is released when calcium chloride dissolves in water. It is absorbed when ammonium chloride dissolves in water. Which substance will you use in your design?
Answer:calcium chloride
i think this is helpful
Explanation:
c. calculate the instantaneous decay and neutron absorption rates for 239u nuclei and determine their fraction of the combined loss rate.
The decay constant of a radioactive nuclide is the probability of decay per unit time (symbol: and units: s1 or a1). As a result, as dP/P = dt , the number of parent nuclides P decreases over time t.
What is decay constant?A population of radioactive atoms' size and the rate at which they are vanishing due to radioactive decay are inversely correlated and are known as the decay constant. According to the equation dN/dt = N, where is the decay constant, the rate of change is determined by the size of a population of radioactive atoms at a given time t and the amount by which it decreases in time dt, denoted as N.
The size of the initial population of radioactive atoms at time t = 0 is represented by N0 in the equation's output, which is N = N0et after integration. This demonstrates that the population decrements exponentially and at a rate determined by the decay constant. A radioactive atom's half-life is the amount of time it takes for half of its initial population to decay.
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if a 25 kva transformer had a primary voltage of 4,800 volts and an output voltage of 240 volts, what would the maximum primary and secondary amperage's be before overload?
The maximum primary and secondary amperage's be before overload :
25 KVA/2400 = 10.4 Amps (Primary)25 KVA/120 = 208.3 Amps (Secondary)50 KVA/4800 = 10.4 Amps (Primary)50 KVA/ 240 = 208.3 Amps (Secondary)What happens when transformer is overloaded?kVA, voltage, and current should be compared to the transformer's nameplate. There probably is an overload if the power consumption exceeds the information on the nameplate.You may argue that the transformer will be overloaded once the temperature rise brought on by loading exceeds the rated rise as specified by the manufacturer. Temperature rise affects a transformer's insulating life to some extent.If the transformer is repeatedly overloaded, the system will deteriorate faster. A weaker insulating system is the end outcome of gradual, minor changes in loading capacity. Overloading leads to overheating, which finally results in thermal deterioration that affects the insulation through fractures.Explanation :
A typical household service might be rated 120/240 volts, 100 amperes. This means at full load the customer requires 100 amps at 240 volts. The power needs would be 240 x 100=24,000 volt amps or 25 kVA. A 25 kVA transformer would easily supply this load. Similarly, a service rated 240 volts; 200 amperes would have a power capacity of 240 x 200 = 48,000 volt amps or 48 kVA and would need a 50 kVA transformer.
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determine the change in the internal energy of helium, in kj/kg, as it undergoes a change of state from 100 kpa and 20°c to 600 kpa and 300°c using the equation of state
The change in the internal energy of helium is 873.6 kJ/KG.
What is ideal gas equation ?In this situation, the ideal gas law, often known as an equation of state, governs all gases: The universal (or perfect) gas constant, 8.31446261815324 joules per kelvin per mole, and n, the number of moles of the gas, are the two inputs into the formula PV, which equals nRT.The relationship between a gas's pressure P, volume V, and temperature T in the range of low pressures and high temperatures, when the gas's molecules move virtually independently of one another, is known as the ideal gas law, also known as the perfect gas law.The International System of Units uses the units of joules, cubic meters (m3), newtons (N), pascals (Pa), and newtons per square meter (N/m2) to measure energy, volume, force, and pressure.Find the attachment answer
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an 8-bit a/d converter has a reference voltage of 10 v. (5 pts) a. what is the resolution of the a/d converter?
The smallest incremental voltage that the ADC can detect and recognize without changing the digital output is referred to as the resolution.
A DAC's resolution can be determined in what ways?The formula Resolution = (Range /(2n -1)) is used to calculate resolution for n-bit DACs. which will result in the slightest alteration the DAC can detect. Range, on the other hand, is the maximum value that a DAC can measure.The smallest incremental voltage that the ADC can detect and recognize without changing the digital output is referred to as the resolution. The ADC output bit count is how it is expressed. So an ADC with a resolution of 12 bits is one that converts an analog signal to a 12-bit digital value.To learn more about Resolution refer to:
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if this light stays on after the initial startup of the vehicle it signals a warning that there is something wrong with the service brake system. a) vehicle function indicators b) dashboard warning devices c) oil pressure indicator d) coolant temperature indicator e) electrical system indicator f) service brake system indicator
Service brake system indicator is the warning that there is something wrong with the service brake system. Hence option f is correct.
What is indicator?Amber-colored indicator lights can be found at the front, back, and occasionally on the left and right sides of the vehicle. Whether you're turning left, right, or into oncoming traffic, you use your indicators to signal your planned change of direction.
When this light turns on, one of two things will happen. Either the parking brake is engaged or the hydraulic fluid (brake fluid) in the master cylinder is low. Your brakes are made up of a system of hydraulic oil-filled tubes called brake lines.
Thus, service brake system indicator is the warning that there is something wrong with the service brake system. Hence option f is correct.
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a thin-walled, uninsulated 0.4-m-diameter duct is used to route chilled air at 0.07 kg/s through the attic of a large commercial building. the attic air is at 37°c, and natural circulation provides a convection coefficient of 4 W m2K at the outer surface of the duct. if chilled air enters a 16-m-long duct at 7°c, what is its exit temperature (°c) and the rate of heat gain (w)? properties of the chilled air may be evaluated at an assumed average temperature of 300 k.
The exit temperature of the chilled air is 37.7°C and the rate of heat gain is 3040 W.
To determine the exit temperature and rate of heat gain for the chilled air, we need to use the heat transfer equation. The heat transfer equation is:
Q = U × A × DT...(i)
First, we need to calculate the surface area of the duct. Since the duct is a cylinder, the surface area is:
A = 2 × pi × r × l
Where r is the radius of the duct and l is the length of the duct. In this case, the radius of the duct is 0.4 m and the length is 16 m, so the surface area is:
A = 2 × pi × 0.4 × 16
A = 25.1 m2
Next, we need to calculate the temperature difference between the air inside the duct and the air outside the duct. The temperature of the air inside the duct is 7°C, and the temperature of the air outside the duct is 37°C, so the temperature difference is:
DT = 37 - 7
DT = 30
Now, we can plug the values we calculated into the heat transfer equation to find the rate of heat transfer:
Q = U × A × DT
Q = 4 × 25.1 × 30
Q = 3040 W
Finally, we can use the conservation of energy equation to determine the exit temperature of the air:
Q = m × c × DT
In this case, the mass flow rate of the air is 0.07 kg/s, and the specific heat capacity of air at 300 K is 1.005 kJ/kgK.
So, the equation to solve for the exit temperature:
T exit = 7 + Q / (m c)
T exit = 7 + 3040 / (0.07 x 1.005)
T exit = 37.7°C
Therefore, the exit temperature of the chilled air is 37.7°C and the rate of heat gain is 3040 W.
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a steel component is nickel plated to give corrosion protection. to increase the strength of the bond between the steel and the nickel, the component is heated for 4 h at 1000c. if the diffusion parameters for nickel in iron are do ¼ 1.9 104 m2 /s and qd ¼ 284 kj/mol, how far would you expect the nickel to diffuse into the steel in this time?
Diffusion coefficient, D = 3.77 × 10⁻⁶ m²/s
Thus, approximate depth of diffusion is 2.3 microns.
What is diffusion?Diffusion is a process that results from molecules moving randomly and that allows matter to move from one area of high concentration to another area of low concentration. A well-known illustration is how quickly a flower's fragrance fills a room's still air.
Thermal energy that is transported or diffused from a temperature that is higher to one that is lower constitutes heat conduction in fluids. Neutrons must diffuse through a medium, where they frequently scatter but very infrequently absorb, in order for a nuclear reactor to operate.
According to research, the gradient in concentration is directly correlated with the rate of flow of the diffusing substance.
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