What is the value of ΔG at 25°C when the initial concentrations of A, B, and C are 1 M, 1 mM, and 1 μM, respectively?

Answer:

if a mixture of a given percentage or ratio strength is diluted to twice its original quantity, its active ingredient will be contained in twice as many parts of the whole, and its strength therefore will be reduced by one-half

Answer:

C7H5F3

Explanation:

The following data were obtained from the question:

Mass of Carbon (C) = 57.53g

Mass of Hydrogen (H) = 3.45g

Mass of Fluorine (F) = 39.01g

The empirical formula of the compound can be obtained as follow:

C = 57.53g

H = 3.45g

F= 39.01g

Divide each by their molar mass

C = 57.53/12 = 4.79

H = 3.45/1 = 3.45

F = 39.01/19 = 2.05

Divide each by the smallest

C = 4.79/2.05 = 2.3

H = 3.45/2.05 = 1.7

F = 2.05/2.05 = 1

Multiply through by 3 to express in whole number

C = 2.3 x 3 = 7

H = 1.7 x 3 = 5

F = 1 x 3 = 3

Therefore, the empirical formula for the compound is C7H5F3

Answer:

i think option a is correct answer because when there is low temperature then the kinetic enegry will be very less and the atoms moves very slowly.

Answer:

A. very, very slowly

Explanation:

A is the answer because atoms will move faster in hot gas than in cold gas.

Answer:

the answer to this question is C

The electron configuration of the iodide ion is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰5s²5p⁶. The correct option is option C.

The arrangement of an atom's or molecule's electrons in their respective atomic or molecular orbitals is known as its electron configuration; for instance, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6.

According to electronic configurations, electrons move individually within each orbital while interacting with the average field produced by all other orbitals. The corrosion potential and reactivity of an atom may be calculated from its electron configuration. The electron configuration of the iodide ion is  1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰5s²5p⁶.

Therefore, the correct option is option C.

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Answer:

[tex]49.45~%[/tex]

Explanation:

In this case, we have to start with the chemical reaction:

[tex]C_6H_1_2O~->~C_6H_1_0~+~H_2O[/tex]

So, if we start with 10 mol of cyclohexanol ([tex]C_6H_1_2O[/tex]) we will obtain 10 mol of cyclohexanol ([tex]C_6H_1_0[/tex]). So, we can calculate the grams of cyclohexanol if we calculate the molar mass:

[tex](6*12)+(10*1)=82~g/mol[/tex]

With this value we can calculate the grams:

[tex]10~mol~C_6H_1_0\frac{82~g~C_6H_1_0}{1~mol~C_6H_1_0}=820~g~C_6H_1_0[/tex]

Now, we have as a product 500 mL of [tex]C_6H_1_0[/tex]. If we use the density value (0.811 g/mL). We can calculate the grams of product:

[tex]500~mL\frac{0.811~g}{1~mL}=405.5~g[/tex]

Finally, with these values we can calculate the yield:

[tex]%~=~\frac{405.5}{820}x100~=~49.45%[/tex]%= (405.5/820)*100 = 49.45 %

See figure 1

I hope it helps!

Based on the data given, the percentage yield of the student's work is 49.45 %.

The equation of the clay-catalyzed dehydration of cyclohexanol is given below:

From the equation of the reaction, 1 mole of cyclohexanol yields 1 mole of cyclohexene.

Therefore 10 moles of cyclohexanol should yield 10 moles of cyclohexene.

First we determine the mass of cyclohexene obtained.

Mass = density * volume

volume of cyclohexene = 500 mL

density = 0.811 g/mL

mass of cyclohexene = 500 * 0.811

mass of cyclohexene = 405.5 g

Number of moles of cyclohexene = mass/molar mass

molar mass of cyclohexene = 82 g

moles of cyclohexene = 405.5 g/82

moles of cyclohexene = 4.945 moles

Percentage yield = 4.945/10 * 100%

Percentage yield = 49.45%

Therefore, the percentage yield of the student's work is 49.45 %.

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Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

In this case, we have to check the neighbors of each carbon in the molecule. In propane, we have two types of carbons (see figure 1) (blue and red ones). The red carbons are equivalent. (Both have the same neighbors). Now, we can analyze each carbon:

Blue carbon

In the blue carbon, we have 6 hydrogens neighbors (three on each methyl). If we follow the n+1 rule, we will have:

6+1= 7

For the blue carbon, we will have a Septet.

Red carbons

In the red carbon, we have only 2 neighbors (the carbon in the middle only have 2 hydrogens). If we follow the n+1 rule, we will have:

2+1=3

For the red carbon, we will have a triplet.

See figure 2

I hope it helps!

Answer:

Formula: H2O Formula Weight: 18.02 CAS No.: 7732-18-5 Density: 1.000 g/mL at 3.98 °C(lit.)

Explanation:

Answer:

1. stability factor

2. steric hindrance factor

Explanation:

stability of ethane is lesser to that of two tert-butyl, so ethane will be more reactive and faster.

ethane is less hindered and more reactive, while two tert-butyl is more hindered and less reactive

Answer:

Answer:

The molar mass of the unknown gas is [tex]\mathbf{ 51.865 \ g/mol}[/tex]

Explanation:

Let assume that  the gas is  O2 gas

O2 gas is to effuse through a porous barrier in time t₁ = 4.98 minutes.

Under the same conditions;

the same number of moles of an unknown gas requires  time t₂  =  6.34 minutes to effuse through the same barrier.

From Graham's Law of Diffusion;

Graham's Law of Diffusion states that, at a constant temperature and pressure; the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its density.

i.e

[tex]R \ \alpha \ \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{d}}[/tex]

[tex]R = \dfrac{k}{d}[/tex]  where K = constant

If we compare the rate o diffusion of two gases;

[tex]\dfrac{R_1}{R_2}= {\sqrt{\dfrac{d_2}{d_1}}[/tex]

Since the density of a gas d is proportional to its relative molecular mass M. Then;

[tex]\dfrac{R_1}{R_2}= {\sqrt{\dfrac{M_2}{M_1}}[/tex]

Rate is the reciprocal of time ; i.e

[tex]R = \dfrac{1}{t}[/tex]

Thus; replacing the value of R into the above previous equation;we have:

[tex]\dfrac{R_1}{R_2}={\dfrac{t_2}{t_1}}[/tex]

We can equally say:

[tex]{\dfrac{t_2}{t_1}}= {\sqrt{\dfrac{M_2}{M_1}}[/tex]

[tex]{\dfrac{6.34}{4.98}}= {\sqrt{\dfrac{M_2}{32}}[/tex]

[tex]M_2 = 32 \times ( \dfrac{6.34}{4.98})^2[/tex]

[tex]M_2 = 32 \times ( 1.273092369)^2[/tex]

[tex]M_2 = 32 \times 1.62076418[/tex]

[tex]\mathbf{M_2 = 51.865 \ g/mol}[/tex]

Answer:

- N2 does not exist as a liquid at pressures below 0.127 atm.

- N2 is a solid at 16.7 atm and 56.5 K.

- N2 is a liquid at 1.00 atm and 73.9 K

- N2 is a gas at 0.127 atm and 84.0 K.

Explanation:

Hello,

At first, we organize the information:

- Normal melting point: 63.2 K.

- Normal boiling point: 77.4 K.

- Triple point: 0.127 atm and 63.1 K.

- Critical point: 33.5 atm and 126.0 K.

In such a way:

- N2 does not exist as a liquid at pressures below 0.127 atm: that is because below this point, solid N2 exists only (triple point).

- N2 is a solid at 16.7 atm and 56.5 K: that is because it is above the triple point, below the critical point and below the normal melting point.

- N2 is a liquid at 1.00 atm and 73.9 K: that is because it is above the triple point, below the critical point and below the normal boiling point.

- N2 is a gas at 0.127 atm and 84.0 K: that is because it is above the triple point temperature at the triple point pressure.

Best regards.

The question is incomplete, the solute was not given.

Let the solute be K₂CrO₄ and the solvent be water

Complete Question should be like this:

The density of a 0.438 M solution of potassium chromate (K₂CrO₄) at 298 K is 1.063 g/mL.

Calculate the vapor pressure of water above the solution. The vapor pressure of pure water at this temperature is 0.0313 atm. Assume complete dissociation.  

Pvap = ________atm

Answer:

Pvap (of water above the solution) = 0.0306 atm

Dissolution of the solute

K₂CrO₄ => 2K⁺ + Cr₂O₄²⁻

Explanation:

Given

volume of solution = 1 Litre = 1000 mL of the solution

density of the solution = 1.063 g/mL

concentration of the solution= 0.438M

temperature of the solution= 298 K

vapour pressure of pure water = 0.0313atm

Recall: density = mass/volume

∴mass of solution = volume x density

m = 1000 x 1.063 = 1063 g

To calculate the moles of K₂CrO₄ = volume x concentration

= 1 x 0.438 = 0.438 mol

Mass of K₂CrO₄ = moles x molar mass = 0.438 x 194.19 = 85.055 g

Mass of water = mass  of solution - mass of K₂CrO₄

= 1063 - 85.055 = 977.945 g

moles of water = mass/molar mass

∴ moles of water = 977.945/18.02 = 54.27 mol

 Dissolution of the solute

K₂CrO₄ => 2K⁺ + Cr₂O₄²⁻

(dissolution is the process by which solute(K₂CrO₄) is passed into solvent(H₂O) to form a solution

moles of ions = 3 x moles of K₂CrO₄

= 3 x 0.438 = 1.314 mol

Vapor pressure of solution = mole fraction of water x vapor pressure of water  

= 54.27/(54.27 + 1.314) x 0.0313 = 0.0306 atm

Answer:

D. BCl₃

Explanation:

BCl₃ molecular geometry is trigonal planar and it has a bond angle of 120°.

Hope that helps.

According to the molecular  geometry, BCl₃ has trigonal planar geometry and a bond angle of 120°.

Molecular geometry can be defined as a three -dimensional arrangement of atoms  which constitute the molecule.It includes parameters like bond length,bond angle  and torsional angles.

It influences many properties of molecules like reactivity,polarity color,magnetism .The molecular geometry can be determined by various spectroscopic methods and diffraction methods , some of which are infrared,microwave and Raman spectroscopy.

They provide information about geometry by taking into considerations the vibrational and rotational absorbance of a substance.Neutron and electron diffraction techniques provide information  about the distance between nuclei and electron density.

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Answer:

8 mol

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Moles of copper (II) sulfate: 2 mol

Chemical formula of copper (II) sulfate: CuSO₄

Step 2: Establish the molar ratio of copper (II) sulfate to oxygen

According to the chemical formula, the molar ratio of copper (II) sulfate to oxygen is 1:4.

Step 3: Calculate the moles of O in 2 mol of CuSO₄

[tex]2molCuSO_4 \times \frac{4molO}{1molCuSO_4} = 8molO[/tex]

Answer:

Formula for effective nuclear charge is as follows. So, for He atom value of S = 0.30 because the electrons are present in 1s orbital. Therefore, calculate the effective nuclear charge for helium as follows. Thus, we can conclude that the effective nuclear charge for helium is 1.7

Explanation:

The effective nuclear charge experienced by a 1s electron in helium is +1.70.

Answer:

1.41 M

Explanation:

First we must use the information provided to determine the concentration of the aluminum hydroxide.

Mass of aluminum hydroxide= 320mg = 0.32 g

Molar mass of aluminum hydroxide= 78 g/mol

Volume of the solution= 5.00 ml

From;

m/M= CV

Where;

m= mass of aluminum hydroxide= 0.32 g

M= molar mass of aluminum hydroxide = 78 g/mol

C= concentration of aluminum hydroxide solution = the unknown

V= volume of aluminum hydroxide solution = 5.0 ml

0.32 g/78 g/mol = C × 5/1000

C = 4.1×10^-3/5×10^-3

C= 0.82 M

Reaction equation;

Al(OH)3(aq) + 3HCl(aq) -----> AlCl3(aq) + 3H2O(l)

Concentration of base CB= 0.82 M

Volume of base VB= 1.60 ml

Concentration of acid CA= the unknown

Volume of acid VA= 2.80 ml

Number of moles of acid NA = 3

Number of moles of base NB= 1

Using;

CA VA/CB VB = NA/NB

CAVANB = CBVBNA

CA= CB VB NA/VA NB

CA= 0.82 × 1.60 × 3/ 2.80 ×1

CA= 1.41 M

Therefore the concentration of HCl is 1.41 M

Answer:

Oxidation by FAD  

Explanation:

1. Oxidation by NAD⁺

Succinate ⇌ Fumarate + 2H⁺ + 2e⁻;                  E°´ =  -0.031 V  

NAD⁺ + 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ ⇌ NADH + H⁺;                      E°´ = -0.320 V

Succinate + NAD⁺ ⇌ Fumarate  + NADH + H⁺; E°' =  -0.351 V

2. Oxidation by FAD

Succinate ⇌ Fumarate + 2H⁺ + 2e⁻;        E°´ = -0.031 V  

FAD + 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ ⇌ FADH₂;                    E°´  = -0.219 V

Succinate + FADH₂ ⇌ Fumarate + FAD; E°' = -0.250 V

Neither reaction is energetically favourable, but FAD has a more positive half-cell potential.

FAD is the stronger oxidizing agent.

The oxidation by FAD has a more positive cell potential, so it is more favourable energetically.  

Answer and Explanation:

The buffer solution is composed by sodium acetate (CH₃COONa) and acetic acid (CH₃COOH). Thus, CH₃COOH is the weak acid and CH₃COO⁻ is the conjugate base, derived from the salt CH₃COONa.

If we add a strong base, such as barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)₂, the base will dissociate completely to give OH⁻ ions, as follows:

Ba(OH)₂ ⇒ Ba²⁺ + 2 OH⁻

The OH⁻ ions will react with the acid (CH₃COOH) to form the conjugate base CH₃COO⁻.

Initial number of moles of CH₃COOH = 0.40 mol/L x 1 L = 0.40 mol

Initial number of moles of CHCOO⁻= 0.31 mol/L x 1 L = 0.31 mol

moles of OH- added: 2 OH-/mol x 0.100 mol/L x 1 L = 0.200 OH-

According to this, the following are the answers to the sentences:

a. The number of moles of CH₃COOH will remain the same ⇒ FALSE

The number of moles of CH₃COOH will decrease, because they will react with OH⁻ ions

b. The number of moles of CH₃COO⁻ will increase ⇒ TRUE

Moles of CH₃COO⁻ will be formed from the reaction of the acid (CH₃COOH) with the base (OH⁻ ions)

c. The equilibrium concentration of H₃O⁺ will decrease ⇒ FALSE

The equilibrium concentration of OH⁻ is increased

d. The pH will decrease⇒ FALSE

pKa for acetic acid is 4.75. We add the moles of base to the acid concentration and we remove the same number of moles from the conjugate base in the Henderson-Hasselbach equation to calculate pH:

[tex]pH= pKa + log \frac{[conjugate base + base]}{[acid - base]}[/tex]

pH = 4.75 + log (0.31 mol + 0.20 mol)/(0.40 mol - 0.20 mol) = 5.15

Thus, the pH will increase.

The question is incomplete as the options are missing, however, the correct complete question is attached.

Answer:

The correct answer is option A. ( check image)

Explanation:

The most stable contributor to the intermediate arenium ion produced by electrophilic bromination of methoxybenzene in given options is option a due to the fact that this resonating form follows the octet rule is satisfied for all atoms and additional π bond is present in between C-O that makes it more stable, while in other options there are positive charge which means they do not follows octet rule completely.

Thus, the correct answer is option A. ( check image)

Answer:

Gaseous

Explanation:

Gasses can move freely and do not form the shape of their containers

Liquids are more free than solids, but they conform to the shape of their container

Solids are not free

Answer:

The gas evolved because of reaction of acid with metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate turns lime water milky. This shows that the gas is carbon dioxide gas. This happens because of formation of white precipitate of calcium carbonate.

Hope it helps you!

The milky substance formed is CO₂ gas.

The gas evolved because of reaction of acid with metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate turns lime water milky. This shows that the gas is carbon dioxide gas.

This happens because of formation of white precipitate of calcium carbonate.

Lime water turns milky when the gas liberated from an acidified carbonate solution is passed into it.

The liberated CO₂ reacts with lime water to give calcium bicarbonate as the precipitate.

Hence, the milky substance formed is CO₂ gas.

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Answer:

It depends on the weather.

Explanation:

Like rain and hail, snow comes from the water vapor that forms the clouds, but obviously its formation is different: snow forms when the temperature is low in the atmosphere. In these conditions the water vapor drops freeze and when they collide form tiny crystals that join together to form snowflakes, which fall to Earth when they are heavy enough.

Answer: The empirical formula is [tex]PbO_2[/tex]

Explanation:

Mass of Pb =  4.33 g

Mass of O = (5.00-4.33) g = 0.67 g

Step 1 : convert given masses into moles

Moles of Pb =[tex]\frac{\text{ given mass of Pb}}{\text{ molar mass of Pb}}= \frac{4.33g}{207g/mole}=0.021moles[/tex]

Moles of O =[tex]\frac{\text{ given mass of O}}{\text{ molar mass of O}}= \frac{0.67g}{16g/mole}=0.042moles[/tex]

Step 2 : For the mole ratio, divide each value of moles by the smallest number of moles calculated.

For Pb = [tex]\frac{0.021}{0.021}=1[/tex]

For O = [tex]\frac{0.042}{0.021}=2[/tex]

The ratio of Pb O=  1: 2

Hence the empirical formula is [tex]PbO_2[/tex]

Answer:

Manganese (II) ion, Mn²⁺

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, given the overall reaction:

[tex]2Ce^{4+}(aq) + Tl^+(aq) + Mn^{2+}(aq) \rightarrow 2Ce^{3+}(aq) + Tl^{3+}(aq) + Mn^{2+}(aq)[/tex]

Thus, since manganese (II) ion, Mn²⁺ is both at the reactant and products, we infer it is catalyst, since catalysts are firstly consumed but finally regenerated once the reaction has gone to completion. Moreover, since inner steps are needed to obtain it, we can infer that the given rate law corresponds to the slowest step that is related with the initial collisions between Ce⁴⁺ and Mn²⁺

Best regards.

Answer:

Option D.

Explanation:

This compound has in its formula:

- Eight bromines

- Four phosphorous

8 → octa prefix

4 → tetra prefix

Right answer is Octabromine tetraphosphide

It can not be option A, tetraphosphate is P4O7

It can not be B and C, we do not have B (boron)

Answer:

Octabromine tetraphosphide

Explanation:

Answer via Educere/ Founder's Education

Answer:

(2) Mg²⁺ loses 2 electrons.

Explanation:

Let's consider the following half-reaction.

Mg ⇒ Mg²⁺ + 2 e⁻

Magnesium is a metal that loses 2 electrons to fulfill the octet rule. When magnesium loses electrons, the oxidation number increases from 0 to +2. This kind of half-reaction is known as oxidation, and has to be accompanied by a reduction of another species.

Answer:

[tex]P_2=1.1x10^6Pa[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello.

In this case, we can solve this problem by applying the Boyle's law which allows us to understand the pressure-volume behavior as a directly proportional relationship:

[tex]P_1V_1=P_2V_2[/tex]

In such away, knowing the both the initial pressure and volume and the final volume, we can compute the final pressure as shown below:

[tex]P_2=\frac{P_1V_1}{V_2}[/tex]

Consider that the given initial pressure is also equal to Pa:

[tex]P_2=\frac{1.00x10^5Pa*11.00m^3}{1.00m^3}\\ \\P_2=1.1x10^6Pa[/tex]

Which stands for a pressure increase when volume decreases.

Regards.

llllllllalalalalallalalalallalallalalalalalallalalalallala pls I am really sorry for this I can't take it down

Hey there!

For this we can use the combined gas law:

[tex]\frac{P_{1}V_{1} }{T_{1}} = \frac{P_{2}V_{2} }{T_{2}}[/tex]

We are only working with pressure and temperature so we can remove volume.

[tex]\frac{P_{1} }{T_{1}} = \frac{P_{2} }{T_{2}}[/tex]

P₁ = 2 atm

T₁ = 27 C

P₂ = 2.2 atm

Plug these values in:

[tex]\frac{2atm}{27C} = \frac{2.2atm}{T_{2}}[/tex]

Solve for T₂.

[tex]2atm = \frac{2.2atm}{T_{2}}*27C[/tex]

[tex]2atm * T_{2}={2.2atm}*27C[/tex]

[tex]T_{2}={2.2atm}\div2atm*27C[/tex]

[tex]T_{2}=1.1*27C[/tex]

[tex]T_{2}=29.7C[/tex]

Convert this to kelvin and get 302.85 K, which is closest to B. 330 K.

Hope this helps!

Answer:

Le Châtelier's principle states that when a chemical system at equilibrium is distributed by a change in  conditions, the equilibrium position will shift in a direction that tends to counteract  the change.

Therefore, when there is a change in pressure, the equilibrium will  counteract  the change by reducing/increasing the pressure through adjusting the no. of moles of gas.

Note: At constant temperature and volume the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas.

For example, when there's an increase in total pressure, the equilibrium position will shift to the side with a smaller no. of moles of gas so as to reduce the pressure.

Answer:

The equilibrium would shift to reduce the pressure change

Explanation: