The aromatic compound benzene, with the chemical formula C6H6, is one of the most well-known ones.
Benzene has a mass average of roughly 78.112, and its chemical formula is C6H6, meaning it comprises six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms. Three double bonds and a six-carbon ring, symbolized by a hexagon, are present in the structure. A corner that is bonded to other atoms represents the carbon atoms.
Structure of Benzene
Benzene is typically depicted structurally as a six-carbon ring with three double bonds (shown by a hexagon). Every carbon atom that a corner represents is also connected to one other atom. These are hydrogen atoms that are present in benzene. We can identify the arrangement as including conjugated double bonds since the double bonds are separated by single bonds.
An alternative representation of the six pi electrons employs a circle inside a hexagon. These symbols all have positive and negative qualities. The three double bond symbol will be used simply because it is frequently used in the text.
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assuming the magnesium ribbon wasn’t sufficiently polished to remove a coating of magnesium oxide on the surface. how would this affect the volume of hydrogen gas produced? would this error cause r to be overestimated, underestimated, or remain unaffected? explain your reasoning.
The volume of hydrogen gas produced by Magnesium reacts with the oxygen present in the air to form magnesium oxide.
When stored, it reacts with oxygen and forms a layer of magnesium oxide on the surface. This layer of magnesium oxide is very stable and prevents further reactions between magnesium and oxygen. Clean the magnesium ribbon with sandpaper to remove this layer and expose the underlying metal to the air.
Cleaning the surface of the magnesium ribbon removes the oxide layer from the surface and effectively burns the ribbon to the desired result. Magnesium ribbons burn in the air producing intense heat and bright white light. Magnesium ribbons must be air washed before firing because of the reaction between magnesium.
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Green plants use light from the sun to drive photosynthesis, a chemical reaction in which liquid water and carbon dioxide gas form aqueous glucose.
The chemical reaction for photosynthesis is as follows:
[tex]6CO_{2} + 6H_{2} O[/tex]→[tex]C_{6} H_{12} O_{6} + 6O_{2}[/tex]
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into oxygen and sugar energy. Photosynthesis is a process that plants and other organisms use to convert light energy into chemical energy that can then be released to fuel the organism's activities via cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis' primary function is to convert solar energy into chemical energy and then store that chemical energy for later use. This process powers the majority of the planet's living systems. Jan Ingenhousz, a Dutch-born British physician and scientist best known for discovering photosynthesis, the process by which green plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen in the presence of sunlight.
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extraction is the process of removing compounds from a solution by taking advantage of varying solubilities. the process of extraction for a mixture of diethylamine, phenol, acetic acid, and ammonia involves three steps. 1. add a strong acid and shake the solution. let the aqueous layer drain off. 2. add a weak base and shake the solution. let the aqueous layer drain off. 3. add a strong base and shake the solution. let the aqueous layer drain off.
Which of the four components would be the first to enter the aqueous phase in this extraction? o ethylbenzene o diethylamine o butanoic acid o phenol
In this extraction, acetic acid would be the first substance to mix with water.
How does extraction work?When a substance is "extracted," it is moved from a solid or liquid into a separate solvent or phase. The method most frequently used in chemical labs is liquid-liquid extraction, which takes place in a separatory funnel.
The funnel is filled with a dissolved component solution, an immiscible solvent is added, and the two layers are shaken together. It is most typical for one layer to be an organic solvent and the other to be an aqueous one. When components migrate from one layer to the next, they are "extracted."
By taking use of the different ways that different compounds are soluble in aqueous and organic solvents, extraction is the process of extracting specific components from a mixture.
Three steps are involved in the extraction process for a mixture of diethylamine, phenol, acetic acid, and ammonia. 1. Shake the mixture after adding a powerful acid. Ladder off the watery layer. 2. Include a weak base and stir the mixture. Ladder off the watery layer. 3. Add a solid base and stir the mixture. Ladder off the watery layer.
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Can anyone solve this? Thank you
There can be emissions of radiations like gamma radiation. There can be emission of particles too like alpha particle. Therefore radioactive decay of lead leads to production of bismuth. the blank can be filled with 210 and 82.
What is nuclear decay?Nuclear decay is process in which the radioactive element releases particles or radiations. Alpha particles is ⁴₂He. Alpha particle is nothing but helium particle.
The balanced reaction can be written as
²¹⁰Pb [tex]_x[/tex] [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] 83[tex]Bi^y[/tex] + ⁰₋₁ e
sum of mass number of reactant side=total sum of mass number of product
210=y+0
y=210
sum of atomic number of reactant side=total sum of atomic number of product
x=83+(-1)
x=83-1
x=82
Therefore radioactive decay of lead leads to production of bismuth. the blank can be filled with 210 and 82.
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the reaction for the oxidation of nh3 is given as: 4 nh3 5 o2 → 4 no 6 h2o under certain conditions the reaction will proceed at 29.8% yield of no. how many grams of nh3 must be made to react with excess oxygen to yield 70.5 g of no?
134g of NH3 is required to react with excess oxygen to make 70.5 g of NO
We need to prepare 70.5 of NO given that the percent yield is 29.8%. Therefore, the molar mass of NO is 30g/mol. Then, the number of moles of NO in 70.5g is given by,
Moles of NO = 70.5/30
Moles of NO = 2.35moles
The actual yield of NO is 2.35 moles. Then theoretical yield can be computed as follows,
The percent yield of NO=( actual yield of NO/theoretical yield of NO ) x 100
Theoretical yield of NO = (actual yield/percent yield/100)
On supplying the values we get,
Theoretical yield= 2.35/0.298
Theoretical yield = 7.88 moles
The reaction is given by
4NH₃+SO₂ ---------> 4NO + 6H₂O
4 moles of Ammonia are required to make 4 moles of NO. Then, moles of NO equals moles of NH₃ which is 7.88
Then molar mass of NH₃ = 17g/mol
Mass of NH₃ = molar mass x no of moles
Mass of NH₃ = 17x7.88
Mass of NH₃ = 134g.
Therefore 134g of NH3 is required to make 70.5g of NO.
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enantioselective total synthesis of the antifungal natural products chlorotetaine, bacilysisn, and anticapsin and of related compounds: revision of the relative configuration
Three antimicrobial compounds produced by the Bacillus sp. strain Csat isolated from pozol were identified by using the high-performance liquid chromatography and the mass spectrometry.
The three compounds were iturin, bacilysin, and chlorotetaine. Production of these compounds by CS93 could account for the medicinal properties
attributed to the pozol.
Antifungal drugs work to treat fungal infections. It can kill the fungus directly or it can prevent the growth and reproduction of the fungus.
Antifungals are available over-the-counter or by prescription and come in a variety of forms, including: creams and lotions.
Thyme, cinnamon, oregano, clove, and mint are all some examples of these kinds of oils.
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Identify indicators of a chemical reaction. Check all of the boxes that apply.
Two clear liquids are combined. A green solid forms.
color change
absorption of heat
formation of precipitate
formation of gas
Blobs of green solid are shown in clear liquid in a test tube.
Answer:color change and formation of precipitate.
Explanation: The reaction of products of the chemical reaction may have different properties
a galvanic cell consists of an mg electrode in a 1.0 m mg(no3)2 solution and a cd electrode in a 1.0 m cd(no3)2 solution. determine the overall cell reaction, and calculate the standard cell potential at 25°c.
A galvanic cell consists of an mg electrode in a 1.0 m mg(no3)2 solution and a cd electrode in a 1.0 m cd(no3)2 solution. The overall cell reaction, E cell= 0.34v
A voltaic/Galvanic cell is an electrochemical cell. In these types of cells spontaneous reaction takes place inside it which are responsible for the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. Daniell cell is one of its best examples. An electrochemical cell called a galvanic cell or voltaic cell, respectively named after the scientists Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta, produces an electric current by spontaneous oxidation-reduction reactions. A typical device typically consists of two distinct metals that are submerged in separate beakers that each contain their own metal ions in solution and are either connected by a salt bridge or divided by a porous membrane. The voltaic pile, the first electrical battery, was created by Volta. Although a battery technically contains of several cells, the term "battery" has evolved to refer to a single galvanic cell in general usage.
E cell= 0.34v
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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. water is an important part of the biogeochemical cycles on earth. complete the sentences about water. in the water cycle, water from rivers, lakes, and streams, enters the atmosphere through . in the carbon cycle, water exits the pores of leaves in plants by a process known as . in the nitrogen cycle, move nitrogen from the atmosphere into the soil.
Water is a daily necessity for human survival. We might be able to go a week without eating, but we couldn't last even three days without drinking. In addition, 70% of our bodies are made of water.
Evaporation is the process through which surface water from lakes, rivers, and oceans turns into water vapor and travels into the atmosphere with a little help from solar energy.
Through the process of transpiration, which involves the evaporation of water from plants largely through the pores in their leaves, plants lose liters of water each day.
The inert form of nitrogen gas is deposited into soils during the nitrogen fixation process from the atmosphere and surface waters, primarily through precipitation.
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Adding NH3 to the stack gases at an electric power
generating plant can reduce NOx emissions. This
selective noncatalytic reduction (SNR) process depends on the
reaction between NH2 (an odd-electron compound) and
NO.
NH2 + NO --> N2 + H2O
The following kinetic data were collected at 1200 K.
Rate constant of reaction at 1200 K : 1.20 times 10 9 M -1 s -1
What is Rate of Reaction?
The rate of reaction in a chemical reaction is the speed at which the products are formed from the reactants. It helps us comprehend how rapidly a reaction might happen. For instance, cellulose burns exceedingly quickly in fire and the process is complete in less than a second.
The rate of reaction, also known as reaction rate, is the rate at which reactants transform into products. It should go without saying that different chemical reactions occur at different rates. While certain chemical reactions take place extremely immediately, others usually take some time to reach their final equilibrium.
Rate of reaction = k [NH 3] x [NO] y, where k is the reaction's rate constant, x is the order of the reaction with respect to NH 3, and y is the order of the reaction with respect to NO
Rate of reaction = k [NH 3 ] [ NO ]
Rate constant of reaction at 1200 K : 1.20 times 10 9 M -1 s -1
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under which conditions do gases behave most ideally? select all that apply. multiple select question. when gas particles are small at high temperatures at low temperatures at low pressures when gas particles repel each other
Under very low temperature or high pressure the gases behave the most ideally.
A theoretical gas known as an ideal gas is made up of several randomly moving point particles with no interparticle interactions. [1] Because it abides by the ideal gas law, a condensed equation of state, and is amenable to statistical mechanics analysis, the ideal gas concept is helpful. If, for instance, the interaction is totally elastic or is thought of as point-like collisions, the constraint of zero interaction can frequently be disregarded.
Many real gases behave qualitatively like an ideal gas under various temperature and pressure settings, where the gas molecules (or atoms for monatomic gases) take on the function of the ideal particles.
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an [ select ] reaction is a bimolecular substitution reaction. bimolecular means that two different compounds are important for determine the rate (kinetics), they are the
The acronym S N2 stands for substitution, nucleophilic, and bimolecular, indicating that the rate-determining step involves two molecules. S stands for substitution, N for nucleophilic, and the number two stands for bimolecular.
The solvent in which an SN2 reaction occurs has a sizable impact on the reaction's rate. Protic solvents (those capable of donating hydrogen bonds, like water or alcohol) are used to reduce the power of the nucleophile through vigorous solvation.
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when molten zinc chloride (zncl2) is electrolyzed, zinc is deposited at the cathode. calculate the amount of zinc produced if a current of 11.7 a is passed through the electrolytic cell for 45.6 min.
The amount of zinc produced is 10.83 g.
given that :
current , I = 11.7 A
time , t = 45.6 min = 2736 sec
the expression is given as :
W = ZIt
W = amount of the substance deposited
I = current in ampere = 11.7 A
t = time in sec = 2736 sec
Z = M / nF
where,
M = molecular mass = 65.3 g/mol
n = no. of electrons = 2
F = faraday constant = 96500 C
W = (65.3 / 2 × 96500 ) 11.7 × 2736
W = 10.83 g
Thus, when molten zinc chloride (zncl2) is electrolyzed, zinc is deposited at the cathode. the amount of zinc produced if a current of 11.7 a is passed through the electrolytic cell for 45.6 min is 10.83 g.
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What is the answer i will give brainllest
Answer: oxidation-reduction
Explanation:
camphor has a lower melting point range than that of borneol. does this make sense in terms of its structure? explain your reasoning. what about borneol versus isoborneol
As can be seen from the structures of camphor and borreol, camphor has a ketone group while borreol has groups with alcohols activities. Through hydrogen bonding, the melting point of the boreal is higher.
Alcohols' melting point and boiling points are always thinner than those of ketones. the light of the intermolecular hydrogen bond. hence, the melting point. in the boreal is higher. Waxy, combustible, and translucent solid, camphor has a potent scent. It has the terpenoid compound C10H16O in its chemical makeup. The big East Asian evergreen tree known as the camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) is where you can find it. The compounds with the general formula R-OH, where R is an alkyl or a substituted alkyl group, are known as alcohols. Alcohols are hence alkane derivatives in which one or more H.
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striking a match to make it burn is an example of a(n) change. a.) chemical b.) elemental c.) atomic d.) physical
An example of supplying activation energy to a chemical reaction is striking a match to make it burn. A match's combustion is a highly exothermic energy process.
Energy-releasing processes are said to be positive since the chemical reactions end products are in a more stable and advantageous condition afterward. It's because the reactions follow a predetermined course, and that course necessitates the use of energy (known as activation energy) in order to create an activated complex chemical reaction, which will ultimately result in the synthesis of the products. This implies that in order to begin, the products must absorb some energy (the activation energy).
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how many electrons does each sphere contain? (the atomic mass of aluminum is 26.982g/mol26.982g/mol , and its atomic number is 1313 .)
72.8 x 10²³ electrons each sphere contain.
How to solve ?m = mass of each aluminium sphere = 0.0250 kg = 0.0250 x 1000 g 25g
M = atomic mass = 26.982 g/mol
n = number of moles
Number of moles is given as
n = m/M
n = 25/26.982
n = 0.93
N₀ = Avogadro's number = 6.023 x 10²³
N = number of atoms
Number of atoms is given as
N = n N₀
N = (0.93) (6.023 x 10²³) = 5.6 x 10²³ atoms
= number of electrons per atom = 13
= total number of electrons
Total number of electrons are given as
= N
= (13) (5.6 x 10²³)
= 72.8 x 10²³ electrons
What is charge electron ?The mass of an electron is roughly 1/2000 that of a neutron or proton, and it has an electric charge of 1. The letter e is typically used to represent electron charge. It is a fundamental physical constant that is used to express the 1.602 10-19 coulomb, which is the unit of naturally occurring electric charge.
Do electrons have a charge?Negative charge characterizes electrons. Proton and electron charges have exactly the same size but in the opposite direction. There is no charge on a neutron. Protons and electrons are drawn to one another because their charges are in opposition.
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what volume (ml) of the sweetened tea described in example 3.14 contains the same amount of sugar (mol) as 10 ml of the soft drink in this example?
0.75 volume (ml) of the sweetened tea described in example 3.14 contains the same amount of sugar (mol) as 10 ml of the soft drink in this example
It is given that the concentration of sugar in a soft drink is 0.375M It means 1L of soft drinks contains 0.375mol of sugar. Then,
1000mL = 0.375mol
1mL =0.375/1000
For 10ml
= 0.375 x 10^-3 x 10
= 0.00375mol sugar
Now, the concentration of sugar in sweetened tea is 0.05M.
This means 12 L solution (tea) contains 0.05mol of sugar.
Now, we need to find the volume of sweetened tea that has the same mass of sugar that is present in 10ml of soft drink
So, the required amount of sugar is 0.05 mol
0.05mol sugar = 1000ml (tea)
1 mol sugar = 1000/0.05 (tea)
So,
0.00375 mol sugar = (1000x 0.00375)/0.05
= 75.0 mL (tea)
The volume of tea required is 0.75ml
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A 0.50 M solution of sodium chloride in an open beaker sits on a lab bench. Which of the following would decrease the concentration of the salt solution?
Molarity of NaCl solution = 0.5 M Molarity or Concentration = Moles of solute / Volume of solution 0.5 M solutions of Sodium chloride means 0.5 moles of NaCl in 1 Litre of Sodium chloride solution. In order to decrease the concentration of the solution more water should be added to the solution.
What is Molarity?
Molarity or molar concentration is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, which can be calculated using the following equation:
[tex]\text{Molarity}= \dfrac{\text{mol solute}}{\text{L of solution}}[/tex]
Molar concentration can be used to convert between the mass or moles of solute and the volume of the solution.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. Accumulators use weights, ___, and compressed gas to provide the energy storage needed to perform their function in hydraulic circuit.
Accumulators store energy in order to carry out their duty in a hydraulic circuit using weights, water, and compressed gas.
What is Accumulators?An accumulator is a type of energy storage system that takes, stores, and then releases energy as needed. Some accumulators take in energy at a low rate over a long period of time and discharge it at a high rate over a brief period of time. The primary function of an accumulator in a CPU is as a register for holding interim logical or numeric data during multistep calculations. It serves as a temporary storage area for such calculations.
What are accumulators used for and its example?In addition to powering chassis suspensions and reducing pressure peaks, they are used to maintain pressure, store and recover energy, and dampen shock, vibration, and pulsations. Accumulators store a volume of fluid under gas pressure that can be re-fed into the hydraulic system as needed.
Variables called accumulaters are employed to combine data from various executors. For instance, this data may relate to data or API diagnosis, such as how many records are corrupted or how frequently a specific library API was used.
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What effect would the pressure in the Marianas Trench have on most animals and humans?
Answer: we would die
Explanation:
the pressure being so large would squash us flat.
A structure containing a central atom with two electron groups, designated ax2, has a _____ shape with a bond angle of _____ degrees.
A structure containing a central atom with two electron groups, designated ax2, has a linear shape with a bond angle of 180 degrees.
In a molecular formula, the center atom is often the one with the lowest subscript and the largest bonding potential. When all of the atoms typically form the same amount of bonds, the central atom is often the one with the lowest electronegative potential. Central ions are the metal ions that the ligands attach to. Example: The core ion in K3[Fe(CN)6] is Fe3+. As Lewis acids, these core atoms and ions serve as acceptors of the electron pair.
Since C is less electronegative than O, it serves as the main atom. 2. C contains four valence electrons, and each O has six, for a total of sixteen valence electrons.
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Drag each tile to the correct location. identify the reactants and the products in this chemical equation. 2fe2o3 3c → 4fe 3co2 c co2 fe fe2o3
On the left side of the chemical process, the reactants are Fe2O3 and C. On the right side of the chemical process, the products are Fe and CO2.
Which of the following claims regarding the response listed below is true: 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(g)Because the total mass of iron and oxygen in the reactants and the product are equal, the law of conservation of mass is observed.
How can reactants be recognized?In a chemical equation, the substance or substances to the left of the arrow are referred to as reactants. When a chemical reaction first begins, a substance is said to be the reactant.
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what atomic or hybrid orbitals make up the sigma bond between and in acetic acid, ch3cooh ? ( is the second carbon in the structure as written. is the first oxygen in the structure as written.) orbital on orbital on what is the approximate c1-c2-o1 bond angle? angle
An sp2 hybrid orbital from the carbon-1 and the same from the oxygen-1 atoms combine to form the sigma bond between them.
The bond angle is approximately 120°.
The carbon-1 atom is the carbon attached to the two oxygens and the other carbon of the methyl functional group. The oxygen-1 is the carbonyl oxygen that has a double bond to carbon-1. This double bond is made up of one sigma bond and on pi bond. In order for the carbon to be attached to three atoms and be stable requires sp2 hybridization to form single bonds to the three attached atoms leaving one p-orbital available to make the pi-bond part of the double bond. Oxygen also is sp2 hybridized with the other two hybrid orbitals occupied by two pairs of nonbonding electrons. The molecular geometry associated with sp2 hybridization is trigonal planar which is flat triangular in shape with carbon-1 being in the middle. The bond angle formed between carbon-2/carbon-1/oxygen-1 will be 120° as will be the angles between carbon-2/carbon-1/oxygen-2 and oxygen-1/carbon-1/oxygen-2.
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The hydronium ion, H3O+, is a ________.Check all that apply.very strong baseproton acceptorpolyatomic ionproton donorunique form of waterpolyatomic ionproton donor
H3O+, or the hydronium ion, is a polyatomic ion.
H+ or OH is hydronium.It can develop in either clean water or water with an acid present. It has the chemical formula H3O+. It can also result from the fusion of an H+ ion and an H2O molecule. Three hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom make up the hydronium ion, which has a trigonal pyramidal shape.
What use does hydrogen serve?The ability of hydronium to remove dead skin cells and regenerate fresh skin makes it a common ingredient in skincare products. It is mostly utilized in peeling. Numerous invention applications have demonstrated that hydronium, when combined with other compounds, is effective in treating both burns and wounds.
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In the video, the semipermeable membrane separates the two solutions of different concentrations. Watch the video and identify which of the following statements are correct Check all that apply. View Available Hints) The solvent can ideally move in both directions through the semipermeable membrane. Solute particles can move in both directions through the semipermeable membrane. Osmosis occurs when the solvent molecules move from a solution of higher solute concentration to a solution of lower solute concentration A pressure equal to that of the osmotic pressure will result in reverse osmosis. The movement of the solvent particles from the concentrated solution to the dilute solution is known as reverse osmosis.
In the video, the semipermeable membrane separates the two solutions of different concentrations.
B. The solvent can ideally move in both directions through the semipermeable membrane.
D. The movement of the solvent particles from the concentrated solution to the dilute solution is known as reverse osmosis.
Examples of solvents Water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone are a few typical examples of solvents. A substance that can dissolve a certain solute and combine with it to produce a solution is referred to as a "solvent."
Osmosis is the movement of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane to separate two solutions with different solute concentrations. Osmosis is the process by which a solvent is transferred from a solution with a lower solute concentration to one with a greater solute concentration.
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Complete the mechanism for the given reaction by adding the missing bonds, charges, nonbonding electrons, and curved arrows. Do not delete any pre-drawn bonds, charges, or lone pairs. If you accidentally delete a vital part of the structure, use the undo button on the lower left of the drawing canvas.
By adding missing bonds, charges, nonbonding electrons, and curved arrows, the mechanism for the given reaction is depicted in the attached image.
Mechanism of Organic Reaction An organic reaction mechanism is typically represented by the overall reaction type (which can be substitution, addition, elimination, oxidation, reduction, or rearrangement), the presence of any reactive intermediates, the nature of the initiating reagent, the presence of any catalysis facilitated by a catalyst, and, finally, its stereochemistry.
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balance the following redox reaction if it occurs in acidic solution. what are the coefficients in front of h+ and fe3+ in the balanced reaction? fe2+(aq) + mno4-(aq) → fe3+(aq) + mn2+(aq)
Redox reaction if it occurs in acidic solution
Fe2+(aq) + MnO4(aq) ----> Fe3+ (aq) + Mn2+(aq)
1-
Fe+2---->Fe+3 ....oxidation
MnO4 ------> Mn2+ reduction
2- Balance the reaction by
Balance oxidation numbers by adding electrons.
Balance charge by adding H+ (acidic solutions) or OH- (basic solutions).
Balance H atoms by adding H2O. Balancing Redox Reactions
Fe2+(aq) ---> Fe3+(aq) + e-
MnO4-(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e- ---> Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O
3- Net equation
5Fe2+(aq) + MnO4-(aq) + 8H+(aq) ---> 5Fe3+(aq) + Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O
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label the energy diagram. you are currently in a labeling module. turn off browse mode or quick nav, tab to items, space or enter to pick up, tab to move, space or enter to drop.energy is plotted on the y axis versus the reaction coordinate on the x axis. the curve begins at an energy value approximately half way up the y axis. it then increases to a maximum before decreasing to a final energy that is less than the initial energy. there is a line measuring the vertical distance from the initial energy to the peak energy and a second line measuring the vertical distance from the initial energy to the final energy. answer bank
The reaction profile diagram shows the conversion of reactants to products.
What is the energy diagram?We know that the energy diagram is the diagram that is drawn to show the interaction between species as they move from the reactants to products. We can see that in the reaction profile the energy us plotted on he vertical axis and the reaction pathway is plotted on the horizontal axis.
Now the topmost part of the curve is the activated complex. The activation energy of the reaction is the line that terminates at the curve for the reactants. The corner at the left is for the reactants while the corner at the right is for the products. The enthalpy change is the difference between the energies of the reactants and the products.
All these are shown in the reaction profile attached here.
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Chlorine has a total of 17 electrons and 7 valence electrons. Why are these two numbers different?.
Chlorine contains a total of 17 electrons which are filled in different orbitals of which 7 electrons are located in the outermost energy level or orbital.
The orbital, or fixed routes or energy levels, used by the electrons to surround the nucleus in an atom are known as orbitals. Electrons are filled in ascending energy level order. Lower energy levels fill up first as a result. The final electrons, known as valence electrons, are filled in the outermost energy levels. There is a set number of electrons that can fit in each shell. Chlorine is the seventeenth element on the periodic table and possesses 17 electrons, seven of which are in the outermost shell.
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