As a result, when you enter your pertinent values, you get:E = -891 * 1.65 E = -1470.15 kJ.
What is the mass ?The following results are obtained after entering the data into the formula:
((2*-238) + -394)
- [-75 + (2*0)]
H(reaction)=-891 kJ/mol
Now you need to find the kJ value for 1.65 mol.
You use the following standard formula:
Where E is energy expressed in kJ, E is equal to (reaction) * mol.
As a result, when you enter your pertinent values, you get:
E = -891 * 1.65 E = -1470.15 kJ
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sometimes atoms gain or lose electrons. the loss of which particles would result in a change of overall electrical charge? select all that apply.
Here is a logical explanation to help you with this question (read all that apply)
Explanation:
sometimes atoms gain or lose electrons. the loss of which particles would result in a change of overall electrical charge? select all that apply.
"Atoms can gain or lose electrons and become ions, which are atoms that have a positive or negative charge because they have unequal numbers of protons and electrons. The process in which an atom becomes an ion is called ionization"
From flexbooks.com
What are atoms?
Atoms are the smallest things on earth that make up matter.
Yes, atoms (and molecules) can gain or lose protons. It is called "Chemistry of acids". You mix an acid and water. A proton is exchanged and you now have a negative ion (the acid minus one proton) and a positive ion (a water molecule with one extra proton).
2 which subatomic particle is not indicated by the atomic number of a neutral atom? proton neutron electron
The subatomic particle is not indicated by the atomic number of a neutral atom is neutron.
The subatomic particles is the particles that atom is composed of. The subatomic particles is given as :
ProtonNeutron ElectronThe atomic number of the neutral atom is equals to the number of the protons. The number of protons is equals to the number of electrons for the neutral atom. The mass number is equal to the number of protons + number of neutrons.
Thus, the number of neutrons is the subatomic particle that is not indicated by the atomic number of a neutral atom.
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Inject some lactose (about 25 molecules should do it) into the simulation. Note what happens. Specifically, what is lactose being converted into
Inject some lactose (about 25 molecules). Specifically, lactose is being converted into glucose and galactose.
Lactose is a disaccharide made up of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose. In the body, lactose is broken down by the enzyme lactase, which is found in the small intestine. Lactase catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose into glucose and galactose, which can then be absorbed into the bloodstream and used for energy. This process is called lactose digestion. Lactose is a type of sugar that is naturally present in milk and dairy products. Lactose is a important source of energy for many organisms, including humans. Lactose intolerance is a common condition in which the body is unable to fully digest lactose, the main sugar found in milk and dairy products. This occurs when there is not enough of the enzyme lactase, which is responsible for breaking down lactose in the small intestine. Symptoms of lactose intolerance include bloating, diarrhea, and gas after consuming milk or dairy products. Lactose is also used in various industries such as food and pharmaceuticals, as a sweetener and filler. Lactose is used as a filler in tablets and capsules, it is also used in the production of fermented milk products like cheese, and is used as a ingredient in infant formulas.
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Which is most likely the result of millions of metal atoms crowding together so that molecular orbitals become combined?
the loss of metallic properties
the formation of bands in a crystal
the loss of valence electrons to other atoms
the formation of localized valence electron
The most likely result of millions of metal atoms crowding together so that molecular orbitals become combined is the formation of bands in a crystal and is therefore denoted as option B.
What is an Orbital?This is referred to as a three dimensional description of the most likely location of an electron around an atom.
In a scenario where millions of metal atoms crowding together so that molecular orbitals become combined the energy levels of their valence electrons are modified and a collection of large number of closely spaced energy levels are formed thereby resulting in the formation of bands in a crystal.
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Answer:
B: the formation of bands in a crystaL
Explanation:
S waves from a quake arrive at seismic station 40 seconds after the arrival of p waves how far away is the epicenter
Answer:
waves that move through only solids and they are slower than P-Waves and they travel in an S type motion(cannot go through outer core because it is liquid)
Explanation:
explain why the conductivity decreases, passes through a minimum, and then increases as the volume of h2so$ added to the barium hydroxide
The conductivity decreases initially as acid and base neutralize, passes through a minimum at the highest salt concentration, and then increases again as acidity increases and salt concentration decreases.
The conductivity decreases as the volume of H₂SO₄ is added to the barium hydroxide because the acid and base are neutralizing each other, forming salt and water which are poor conductors.
As the volume of acid added increases, the conductivity passes through a minimum because the salt concentration is at its highest point and then increases again as the acid and base are no longer neutralizing and the salt concentration begins to decrease.
In addition, the addition of sulfuric acid leads to the formation of more dissolved ions in solution, which increases the conductivity. The increase in concentration of these ions can be attributed to the protonation of the hydroxide ions and the formation of sulfate ions. As the acidity increases further, the conductivity increases again.
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Your question seems incomplete, but I suppose the question was:
"Explain why the conductivity decreases, passes through a minimum, and then increases as the volume of H₂SO₄ added to the barium hydroxide."
consider a saturated solution of silver chloride in water. compared to the original concentrations of the silver ion and the chloride ion, how would the concentrations be different after some nacl is added to the solution?
The concentrations of the silver ion and chloride ion in the solution will not be affected by the addition of NaCl, as the solution is already saturated.
When a solution is saturated, it means that the maximum amount of solute (in this case, silver chloride) has been dissolved in the solvent (water) at a given temperature and pressure. Adding more solute (such as NaCl) will not cause any additional solute to dissolve, as the solution is already at its saturation point.
Therefore, the concentrations of the silver ion and chloride ion in the solution will not change as a result of adding more NaCl. It's important to note that adding more solvent (water) would decrease the concentration of the solute.
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in the laboratory, a student adds 51.1 ml of water to 20.1 ml of a 0.659 m hydrobromic acid solution. what is the concentration of the diluted solution? assume the volumes are additive.
We can find the concentration of the final solution by:
C1V1 = C2V2
C2 = (C1 * V1) / V2
C2 = (0.659 M * 20.1 ml) / 71.2 ml
C2 = 0.0922 M
Therefore, the concentration of the diluted solution is 0.0922 M.
What is the above used equation used for?C1V1=C2V2 is used to calculate an unknown quantity where two solutions are proportional. It is used to calculate how much ingredient is contained in a different volume of the same concentration.
What do you mean by dilution?Dilution is the process of lowering the concentration of a solute in a solution by simply adding more solvent to the solution, such as water. Diluting a solution happen by adding more solvent without adding more solute.
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4. Samples of compound X, Y, and Z are analyzed, with results shown here.
Compound
X
Y
Z
Description
clear, colorless, liquid with strong odor
clear, colorless, liquid with strong odor
clear, colorless, liquid with strong odor
Mass of Carbon
1.776 g
1974 g
7.812 g
Mass of Hydrogen
0.148 g
0.329 g
0.651 g
Do these data provide example(s) of the law of definite proportions, the law of multiple proportions, neither, or both?
What do these data tell you about compounds X, Y, and Z?
The data can show us that X ,Y and Z are all esters
What is the law of definite proportions?The law of definite proportions, also known as Proust's Law, states that a given chemical compound always contains the same elements in the same proportion by mass.
This means that no matter how a compound is obtained or prepared, its elemental composition will always be the same. For example, water is always composed of hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio of 2:1, regardless of its source or method of preparation.
The law of definite proportions is a fundamental principle of chemistry and provides evidence for the atomic theory of matter.
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the behavior of an atom depends on the group of answer choices the atomic mass of the atom valence electrons in the innermost electron shell the number of extra neutrons in the nucleus number of valence electrons in the outermost electron shell
The behavior of an atom depends on the number of valence electrons in the outermost electron shell. the correct answer is E.
The quantity of electrons in an atom's valence shell, which is its outermost shell, is a major determinant of that atom's chemical activity.
The periodic table's same-group elements will all have an equal number of valence electrons. Since the electrons located in an atom's outer shell have the potential to create chemical bonds, they are the electrons that best explain an element's reactivity. These electrons are known as valence electrons.
Core electrons are those found in the innermost shell or lower energy level; valance electrons are those found in the outermost shell or higher energy level.
Bonding is facilitated by the valance electrons. Chemical reactions cause the valance electrons to either create an ionic bond or a covalent link.
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How many moles are contained in 8.6 x 1015 molecules of benzene?
Moles are contained in 8.6 x 1015 molecules of Benzene moles 7830 is 0. 385,
How are benzene moles determined?The symbol for this unit is mol.
The number of moles formula is written as follows.
Given.
The formula for moles is.
Mass of material / Mass of one mole equals the number of moles.
95 / 86.94 equals the number of moles.
Benzene has a mass of 30 grammes.
CCl4 weighs 70 g.
Benzene moles = 7830 = 0. 385
CCl4 moles are 15470/0, or 45 moles.
Mole fraction (Benzene) = 0 385 + 0 450 = 0 461
x = (6.5x1)/18 = 0.361 moles as a result. There are 6.022141 x 10 particles in 1 mole. There are 0.361 moles total, so: 0.361.
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~Is Making water dangerous ~ (And what are the things you need to make it?~
When you get sick, what does the doctor recommend you to do before giving a prescription, apart from physical check-up? Give concreate examples or situations that show knowledge in focusing microscope is very useful?
The doctor may recommend taking a thorough medical history, including current symptoms and past illnesses, before giving a prescription. They may also recommend diagnostic tests such as bloodwork or imaging to help inform treatment decisions. Microscopy is often used in the diagnostic process for conditions such as infections or cancers.
When a patient is sick, a doctor will typically take a thorough medical history and perform a physical examination before determining the best course of b. Depending on the condition, the doctor may also order laboratory tests, imaging studies, or other b tests to help make a diagnosis.
One example of a situation where focusing a microscope is useful is in the diagnosis of a bacterial infection. A doctor may take a sample of the patient's infected tissue or fluid (such as blood or urine) and use a microscope to examine it for the presence of b. The doctor can then use the information obtained from the microscope to determine the type of bacteria causing the infection and the most appropriate antibiotic to treat it.
Another example is in pathology. Pathologists use microscopes to examine tissue samples taken during biopsies or surgeries to diagnose or confirm a wide variety of diseases, including cancer. The microscope allows them to see the structure and organization of cells and tissues at a high level of detail, enabling them to identify abnormal cells or changes that may indicate the presence of a disease.
In addition, Microscopy is widely used in the field of research, particularly in the field of Biology and Medicine, providing a key tool for advancing our understanding of the structure, function, and interactions of cells, tissues, and organisms.
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Why is iron the heaviest element that can be produced in stars
Answer: The main light elements that can be produced in stars is helium. the heaviest part that can be produced in giant stars is iron.
what are the physical properties of iron?
The physical properties of iron include iron is a heavy metal with a density of 7.9 g/cc, It is a lustrous metal, greyish white in colour.
Iron is highly malleable and ductile which is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
Iron can be magnetized and It melts at 1536 degrees Celcius and boils at 2861 degree Celsius, dissolved readily in dilute acids.
true or false: when using curved arrow notation, the arrow will never begin on a positively charged atom.true false question.truefalse
The bottom of the arrow points to the location where the electron or electron pair was created, and the top of the arrow indicates where the electron or electron pair will ultimately be located therefore, the given statement is true.
Throughout the processes of bond breaking and/or bond formation, the movement (flow) of electrons is represented by curved arrows.
A. The motion of a single electron is represented by an arrow that is curved and has a single head.
B. The motion of an electron pair is represented by an arrow with two heads that is curved and curved in the middle.
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As the pressure of a gas at 7 atm is changed to 3 atm at constant temperature, will the
volume of gas increase, decrease, or remain the same? Explain why in terms of how the
molecules are moving.
Using Boyle's law, As pressure is decreased, the volume will increase.
Boyle's Law describes how pressure and volume relate when the temperature is constant.
P1V1 = P2V2
When temperature is kept constant in this equation, pressure and volume have an inverse relationship.
When the volume is reduced, molecules have less room to move and collide more frequently, which raises the pressure. If the volume is increased, the molecules have more room to move, collisions occur less frequently, and the pressure is reduced.
The combined gas law, however, governs the connection between the three quantities when temperature is included.
As the gas volume decreases, the molecules hit the walls more frequently, raising the pressure; conversely, as the volume grows, the molecules must travel farther to contact the walls, reducing the frequency with which they do so and raising the pressure.
According to Boyle's law, a gas's pressure tends to decrease as its volume rises.
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how much co(g) is required to completely react with 22.55 g fe2o3? if 15.32 g fe(s) are produced, what is the % yield?
11.87 g of CO(g) is required to completely react with 22.55 g Fe₂O₃(s) to produce 15.32 g Fe(s). The percent yield of the reaction is 97.15%.
The balanced equation for the reaction between CO(g) and Fe₂O₃(s) is:
Fe₂O₃(s) + 3 CO(g) -> 2 Fe(s) + 3 CO₂( g)
To determine how much CO is required to completely react with 22.55 g of Fe2O3, we need to use the stoichiometry of the reaction.
From the balanced equation, we know that for every 1 mole of Fe₂O₃(s) that reacts, 3 moles of CO(g) are consumed. To convert mass to moles, we use the molar mass of Fe₂O₃(s), which is 159.69 g/mol.
22.55 g Fe2O3 / 159.69 g/mol = 0.1412 moles of Fe2O3
From the balanced equation we know that for every 1 mole of Fe₂O₃(s), 3 moles of CO(g) is required, so we can calculate the moles of CO(g) needed for the reaction:
0.1412 moles Fe₂O₃(s) (3 moles of CO(g) / 1 mole of Fe₂O₃(s)) = 0.4236 moles of CO(g)
To get the mass of CO(g), we can convert the moles to grams using the molar mass of CO(g), which is 28.01 g/mol.
0.4236 moles of CO(g)(28.01 g/mol) = 11.8660 = 11.87 g of CO(g)
To find the % yield, we divide the actual yield (15.32 g Fe(s)) by the theoretical yield (mass of Fe(s) produced from all the Fe₂O₃(s) consumed) and multiply by 100.
Theoretical yield of Fe(s) = mass of Fe₂O₃(s) consumed(mass of Fe(s) produced from 1 mol Fe₂O₃(s) / mol of Fe₂O₃(s) consumed)
= 22.55 g Fe₂O₃(s) (55.85 g Fe(s) / mol Fe(s)) (2 mol Fe(s) / 1 mol Fe₂O₃(s)) (1 mol Fe₂O₃(s) / 159.69 g Fe₂O₃(s)) = 15.77 g Fe(s)
% yield = (15.32 g Fe(s) / 15.77 g Fe(s)) x 100 = 97.15%
So, 11.87 g of CO(g) is required to completely react with 22.55 g Fe₂O₃(s) to produce 15.32 g Fe(s) and the % yield of the reaction is 97.15%.
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helium is collected over water at 258c and 1.00 atm total pressure. what total volume of gas must be col- lected to obtain 0.586 g of helium? (at 258c the vapor pressure of water is 23.8 torr.)
The helium is collected at 25 °C and 1.00 atm total pressure. The total volume of gas to obtain 0.586 g of the helium is 3.7 L.
The temperature = 25 °C = 25 + 273 = 298 K
The pressure = 1 atm
The vapor pressure of water = 23.8 torr = 23.8 / 760 = 0.0313 atm
The mass of helium = 0.586 g
The moles of helium = 0.586 / 4 = 0.146 mol
The volume is given as :
V = n R T / P
V= ( 0.146 × 0.082 × 298 ) /( 1 - 0.0313)
V = 3.7 L
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How much work is done when 7 N of force is used to push a stalled motorbike 5 m?
Hey there!
========================================| Welcome to Physics |
Topic for Discussion - Work
========================================What is "work" when it comes to Physics?"
In physics, work is the energy transferred to or from an object via the application of force along a displacement. In short, it is the force applied to an object over distance.
The formula for work is [tex]W=Fs[/tex].
[tex]W=work[/tex][tex]F=force[/tex][tex]s=displacement/distance[/tex]Given the scenario above, there is "a force of 7 N on a stalled motorbike for a distance of 5 meters (m)". Now, we have to "determine the amount of work" that is being done during this
Knowing our formula for work, simply apply the given data in the scenario using the formula to determine the work being done.
[tex]W=Fs[/tex]
[tex]F=7[/tex]
[tex]s=5[/tex]
[tex]W=7*5[/tex]
[tex]W=35[/tex]
Hence, the work being done in the given scenario would be 35.
__________________________________________________
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One of the biggest concerns of Nuclear Energy is
A-Disposal of radioactive waste.
B-Emissions are dangerous to local wildlife.
C-Deforestation of forests.
D-Polluted water sources.
Answer:
a - disposal of radioactive waste
Explanation:
The major concern of nuclear energy is disposal of radioactive waste as they release poisonous chemical element known as plutonium whichc\ causes cancerous effects in humans and animals.
California, a city that is far inland, such as Sacramento, is typically warmer than a city near the coast, such as San Francisco agree or disagree why
The fact that California is surrounded by water makes is cooler than Sacramento that is surrounded by land.
Why is Sacramento warmer than California?We have to note that the features that surround an area is a key factor is determining whether or not the place would be warm or cold. If a place is surrounded by water, the convection of the air would lead to land and sea breeze and make the place to be cooler.
On the other hand for the places that have been surrounded by land, we would notice that the temperature of those areas would tend to be much higher than the islands.
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1. Based on the Data Table, what mass of magnesium is contained in your compound? Show all calculations.
31.634 – 31.064 = 0.57
2. Based on the Data Table, what mass of oxygen is contained in your compound? Show all calculations.
3. Compare the mass of the Mg ribbon with the mass of the magnesium oxide. How can you account for the change in mass between the two?
4. Now that you have the mass of magnesium and oxygen in your compound, you can find moles of each element in the compound and you can determine your experimental empirical formula. Show all calculations and your empirical formula below.
5. What is the known formula for magnesium oxide? Compare the known formula to the empirical formula you determined in question 4. Are they the same or no?
Answer:
Answer 1: The mass of magnesium contained in the compound is 0.57g, which can be determined by subtracting the mass of the crucible and lid (31.064g) from the mass of the crucible, lid, and magnesium ribbon (31.634g).
Answer 2: The mass of oxygen contained in the compound is 1.39g, which can be determined by subtracting the mass of the crucible, lid, and magnesium oxide (31.970g) from the mass of the crucible and lid (31.064g).
Answer 3: The change in mass between the two can be accounted for by the reaction of the magnesium with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.
Answer 4: The number of moles of magnesium is 0.0995 (2.39/24) and the number of moles of oxygen is 0.0868 (1.39/16). Dividing the moles of each element by the smallest amount of moles (0.0868) results in a simplest ratio of 1:1. Therefore, the empirical formula of magnesium oxide is MgO.
Answer 5: The known formula for magnesium oxide is MgO, which is the same as the empirical formula determined in question 4.
the geometry of a molecule has an important consequence for its polarity. a molecule that contains polar bonds may still be nonpolar, if .multiple choice question.the molecule is symmetrical and the individual bond dipoles cancelthe molecule contains atoms other than oxygen or fluorine, which are highly electronegativethe molecule is sufficiently small that the individual bond dipoles are insignificant
The polarity of a molecule is significantly impacted by its shape. A molecule that contains polar bonds may still be nonpolar if the molecule is symmetrical and the individual bond dipoles cancel.
The distribution of electric charge in a molecule is referred to as polarity. A dipole moment is produced by the positive and negative charge areas that coexist in a molecule having polar links. The individual bond dipoles will cancel out each other if the molecule is symmetrical, which ensures that the positive and negative charges are distributed equally. Even though the molecule in this instance has polar bonds, it will nonetheless be nonpolar. However, if a molecule is not symmetrical or contains strongly electronegative atoms like fluorine or oxygen, the bond dipoles will not cancel each other out, resulting in polarity.
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The actual question is:
The geometry of a molecule has an important consequence for its polarity. a molecule that contains polar bonds may still be nonpolar, if
a) the molecule is symmetrical and the individual bond dipoles cancel.
b) the molecule contains atoms other than oxygen or fluorine, which are highly electronegative.
c) the molecule is sufficiently small that the individual bond dipoles are insignificant.
d) the molecule is sufficiently small that the single bond dipoles are significant.
How many grams of AlPO4 are in 1.056 x 10(22)-exponent molecules of AlPO4?
a. 5.223 E 21
b. 1.234 E 22
c. 5.218
d. 2.137
The amount of oxygen molecules per 6.021024 CO molecules, in grams, is: 10. gram molecules B... 6.023 x 1023 atoms of O are contained in 6.023 x 1023 molecules of CO.
One gram of a molecule is what?"A gram molecule could be defined as the quantity of a substance equal to its relative molecular mass in grams," according to Wikipedia. For instance, a water molecule weighs 18 grams per gram.
What is the gram measured in?The gram serves as the fundamental unit of mass inside the metric system. Water has a mass of 1 gram if a box with a length of 1 cm on all sides was filled with it. The water mass in the box is one gram. The metric system's units of mass.
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suppose a biochemist has 10 ml of a 1.0 m solution of a compound with two ionizable groups at a ph of 8.00. she adds 10.0 ml of 1.00 m hcl, which changes the ph to 3.20. the value of one of the groups is 3.8 and it is known that is between 7 and 10. what is the exact value of ?
To determine the exact value of pK2 in this case, we can use the relationship between pH and pK, which states that the pH of a solution is equal to the pK of the acid with the lowest concentration when the acid and its conjugate base are in equilibrium.
Here, we know that the pH of the solution dropped from 8.00 to 3.20 after the addition of HCl. We can assume that the second group is now in the acid form since we know that the first ionizable group has a pK of 3.8, and the second group (pK2) is between 7 and 10, we can assume that the second group is now in the acid form.
We can use the relationship between pH and pK to calculate the exact value of pK2:
pH = pK2 = pKw / [H+] = 14.00 - log([H+])
3.20 = 14.00 - log([H+])
Solving for [H+], we find that [H+] = 1.0 x 10^-3.2
Now we can find the value of pK2 as:
pK2 = 14.00 - log(1.0 x 10^-3.2) = 14.00 - (-3.2) = 14.00 + 3.2 = 17.2
Therefore, the exact value of pK2 is 17.2.
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Derive an equation for the work of mechanically reversible, isothermal compression of 1 mol of a gas from an initial pressure P1 to a final pressure P2 when the equation of state is the virial expansion [Eq. (3. 33)] truncated to: Z = 1 + B′P How does the result compare with the corresponding equation for an ideal gas?
In comparison to the ideal gas equation,
W = -nRT ln(P2/P1), the virial expansion equation takes into account the interactions between the particles in the gas and the deviation from ideal gas behavior.
The work of mechanically reversible, isothermal compression of 1 mol of a gas from an initial pressure P1 to a final pressure P2 when the equation of state is the virial expansion [Eq. (3. 33)] truncated to:
Z = 1 + B′P can be derived using the formula W = -nRT ln(P2/P1).
Substituting the value of Z into the equation,
we get W = -nRT ln(P2/P1) - (nRT/B′) ln(1+B′P2) + (nRT/B′) ln(1+B′P1)
This equation describes the work done on a gas that follows the virial expansion equation, with the added term (nRT/B′) ln(1+B′P) representing the deviation from the ideal gas behavior.
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A nickel sample absorbs 74 J of energy from warm water. The water cooled from 65.5 °C to 63.4 °C. What mass of water was cooled?
The mass of the water that was cooled is 8.39 g.
What is the mass of the water?We know that from the first law of thermodynamics, energy can neither be created nor destroyed but have to be transformed from one form to the other.
In this case, we can see that A nickel sample absorbs 74 J of energy from warm water. The water cooled from 65.5 °C to 63.4 °C. Since the water absorbed the heat, let the heat have a negative sign.
H = mcdT
m = mass of water
c = heat capacity
dT = temperature change
Thus;
-74 = m * 4.2 * (63.4 - 65.5)
m = -74 /4.2 * (63.4 - 65.5)
m = 8.39 g
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46. Describe how you would shape a piece of
aluminum foil so that it floats on water.
discuss the process of water cycle stage by stage
the letter x replaces the element symbol. the top value represents mass number and the bottom value represents atomic number. 1. ) how many neutrons does this element have? 2. ) how many neutrons does this element have? 3. ) and are these two elements isotopes? (yes or no) 4. 3. ) and are these two elements isotopes? (yes or no)
Chemical chemical X. The silicon is available. This information is not given here. Therefore, we shall use the atomic number as the amount of protons. So, the solution is 17.
What do the protons in atoms do?A proton, a quasiparticle, is found in the nucleus of every atom.. The particle has an electrical charge that is positive and opposite to the electron's. A single proton would weigh just 1.673? 10-27 kilos if it were isolated, which is only a little bit less than a neutron.
Protons and electrons: what are they?A subatomic particle with a negative charge is an electron. A proton is an unit of matter with the a positive charge. Protons are bound together in an atom's nucleus by the potent nuclear energy. The neutron is a type of subatomic particle sans charge (they are neutral).
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