To answer it, we need to know the amount of cash and cash equivalents on hand and in bank accounts that the company has. However, in general, the amount of cash and cash equivalents refers to the total amount of money a company has in its possession, including the money in its bank accounts.
In addition, cash equivalents are short-term, highly liquid investments that can be readily converted into cash such as money market funds and Treasury bills. The amount of cash and cash equivalents on hand and in bank accounts varies from company to company and is influenced by a number of factors, including revenue, expenses, investments, debt, and the company's financial goals.
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Discuss the willingness and success of the loan servicing industry to help borrowers avoid foreclosure. For example, during the 2007 recession, many automakers and banks filed for bailouts. Was it successful or was it not? Give an example of your own (not the one here) supporting that the willingness and success are high or low for the loan industry to help borrowers.
The loan servicing industry is willing to help borrowers avoid foreclosure because it is good for business, and they have a duty to do so. If a borrower defaults on their loan and the property is foreclosed on, the servicer loses money on the deal. This is because they are typically paid a percentage of the outstanding loan balance, so if the loan is foreclosed on, they lose their stream of income from that borrower.
Additionally, foreclosures can be costly for servicers, as they may be required to pay for legal fees, property upkeep, and other expenses related to the foreclosure process.There are a few examples that demonstrate the industry's willingness and success in helping borrowers avoid foreclosure. One example is the Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP), which was introduced in 2009 as part of the government's response to the 2007 recession. HAMP offered loan modifications to homeowners who were struggling to make their mortgage payments, with the goal of reducing their monthly payments and helping them avoid foreclosure. According to a report from the U.S. Treasury, over 1.3 million homeowners received permanent loan modifications through HAMP between 2009 and 2016, saving an average of $547 per month on their mortgage payments. This is a clear example of the industry's willingness to help borrowers avoid foreclosure, and the success of programs like HAMP in achieving that goal.Another example is the forbearance programs that were introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These programs allowed borrowers who were facing financial hardship due to the pandemic to temporarily suspend their mortgage payments without the threat of foreclosure.
According to data from the Mortgage Bankers Association, over 7% of mortgages were in forbearance as of June 2021, indicating that many borrowers were taking advantage of these programs. While it remains to be seen how successful these programs will ultimately be in helping borrowers avoid foreclosure, the fact that they were implemented at all demonstrates the industry's willingness to help borrowers during times of crisis.There are also examples that demonstrate the industry's reluctance to help borrowers avoid foreclosure. One example is the so-called "robo-signing" scandal that emerged during the 2007 recession. This scandal involved servicers approving foreclosures without properly reviewing the underlying loan documents, resulting in many homeowners being wrongfully foreclosed on. This is a clear example of the industry's failure to help borrowers avoid foreclosure, and the harm that can result when servicers prioritize their own interests over those of their borrowers.In conclusion, the loan servicing industry is generally willing to help borrowers avoid foreclosure, as it is good for business and aligns with their duty to act in the best interests of their borrowers. There are many examples of successful programs and initiatives that demonstrate this willingness, but there are also examples of failures and shortcomings that highlight the need for continued improvement and reform in the industry.
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Belinda wants to buy a car that is available at two dealerships. The price of the car is the same at both dealerships. Cook Motors would let make quarterly payments of $5,500.00 for 3 years at a quarterly interest rate of 4.67 percent. Her first payment to Cook Motors would be due immediately. If Burns Cars would let her make equal monthly payments of $4,000.00 at a monthly interest rate of 1.57 percent and if her first payment to Burns Cars would be in 1 month, then how many monthly payments would Belinda need to make to Burns Cars? O 10.14 (plus or minus 0.3 payments) O 14.40 (plus or minus 0.3 payments) O 14.65 (plus or minus 0.3 payments) O 10.31 (plus or minus 0.3 payments) O 10.30 (plus or minus 0.3 payments)
Burns Cars would receive Belinda's first payment in one month; therefore, we can use the formula to get the number of payments (N). N is equal to log(1 + 0.0157) / log(1 - (0.0157 * PV) / 4000)
To determine the number of monthly payments Belinda would need to make to Burns Cars, we can use the formula for calculating the number of payments in a loan with equal monthly payments. The formula for calculating the number of payments is: N = -log(1 - (r * PV) / PMT) / log(1 + r)
Where: N = Number of payments r = Monthly interest rate PV = Present value or loan amount PMT = Monthly payment
For Burns Cars: Monthly payment (PMT) = $4,000.00 Monthly interest rate (r) = 1.57% or 0.0157 Present value (PV) = Same as the price of the car Since Belinda's first payment to Burns Cars would be in 1 month, we can use the formula to calculate the number of payments (N). N = -log(1 - (0.0157 * PV) / 4000) / log(1 + 0.0157)
To find the exact number of payments, we need to know the price of the car (Present value, PV). Once we have that information, we can substitute it into the formula to calculate the number of monthly payments.
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Write a 1000 words essay briefly discuss the nature of
the concept sustainable competitive advantage. For example,
identify where the phrase first appears. Who has used it
subsequently? How is it defi
Nature of Sustainable Competitive Advantage:
The concept of sustainable competitive advantage refers to the unique set of qualities, resources, or capabilities possessed by a business that allows it to outperform its competitors consistently over the long term. It is the ability of a company to create and maintain a superior market position that is not easily replicated by others.
The phrase "sustainable competitive advantage" was first introduced by Jay Barney, an influential management scholar, in his 1986 book titled "Strategic Management and Competitive Advantage: Concepts." Barney emphasized the significance of sustained competitive advantage as a key determinant of a firm's success. According to Barney, sustainable competitive advantage is achieved through the possession of valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable resources and capabilities, which he referred to as VRIN criteria.
Since Barney's initial work, the concept of sustainable competitive advantage has been widely discussed and applied in the field of strategic management. Many researchers, academics, and practitioners have further explored and expanded upon the concept. Notable figures such as Michael Porter, Gary Hamel, and C.K. Prahalad have contributed to the understanding and development of sustainable competitive advantage through their influential works.
In practical terms, sustainable competitive advantage can be achieved through various means, including superior product quality, innovative technology, brand reputation, efficient supply chains, cost leadership, customer loyalty, and strong intellectual property rights. It is essential for businesses to continually adapt, evolve, and leverage their unique advantages to remain ahead of competitors in dynamic and competitive markets.
While sustainable competitive advantage provides a powerful strategic foundation, it is not guaranteed to last indefinitely. External environmental changes, industry disruptions, technological advancements, and shifting customer preferences can erode or diminish a company's advantage over time. Therefore, organizations must be vigilant, agile, and proactive in maintaining and renewing their competitive edge through ongoing innovation, strategic investments, and responsive market strategies.
In conclusion, sustainable competitive advantage is a fundamental concept in strategic management that refers to a company's ability to establish a lasting competitive position that is difficult for rivals to replicate. It originated from the work of Jay Barney and has been widely explored and applied by various scholars and practitioners in the field. Sustainable competitive advantage is achieved by possessing valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable resources and capabilities. While it provides a strong foundation for success, organizations must continuously adapt and evolve to sustain their advantage in an ever-changing business landscape.
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Develop a behaviorally anchored rating scale evaluation form for a job of school bus driver. Evaluate the critical behavior of the job with respect to a scale. Show all required behaviors. Develop you
A behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS) evaluation form is a measurement system that aids in assessing a job's performance based on specific behaviors demonstrated by the worker. The BARS uses a scale to assess a worker's behaviour and determine their degree of success or failure in performing a job.
A BARS help ensure that performance evaluations are both job-specific and behaviour-specific, which enhances the reliability and validity of the evaluations. A BARS is a more effective measure of job performance than a traditional graphic rating scale because it is tailored to specific positions. The BARS measures behavior with the use of critical incidents, which are behaviour-specific. The BARS method of evaluation can be used to assess the performance of school bus drivers. Developing a behaviorally anchored rating scale evaluation form for a job of school bus driver involves the following steps:
Step 1: Identity critical behaviors In this step, it is important to identify the critical behaviors for the job of a school bus driver. Some of the critical behaviors may include but are not limited to safely transporting the children to and from school, obeying all traffic rules, having a professional attitude, maintaining the cleanliness and safety of the bus, providing assistance to students in need, following the bus route and schedule, and maintaining good communication with parents and school administration.
Step 2: Develop a scale The next step is to develop a scale for each critical behavior. Each scale should have an anchor point that describes the highest level of performance for that behaviour, as well as an anchor point that describes the lowest level of performance for that behaviour. For example, the scale for safely transporting the children to and from school may range from "completely safe" to "unsafe."
Step 3: Develop the form The third step involves developing the evaluation form by placing the scales on the form and providing a space for the evaluator to rate the worker's performance. Each scale is accompanied by a brief description of the behaviour being rated. For example, the scale for obeying all traffic rules may be accompanied by a brief description that states "Follows all traffic rules and regulations."
Step 4: Train the evaluator It is important to train the evaluator on how to use the evaluation form. This training will help the evaluator understand how to use the scales effectively and fairly, and also provide them with a clear understanding of what constitutes successful performance for each critical behavior.
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Please write the answers on a paper. NO spread or
excel work. Explain and detail everything. Thanks
You currently hold an equally weighted portfolio of 20 stocks which has been doing quite well for the level of risk. The current value of the portfolio is $800,000. You have recently received $200,000
investment Portfolio Analysis
Portfolio Value: $800,000
Cash Received: $200,000
Total Investable Amount: $1,000,000 ($800,000 + $200,000)
Current Portfolio Overview:
20 stocks equally weighted
Doing well for the level of risk
(a) Given the current portfolio overview, the next step is to determine how to invest the additional $200,000. One approach is to maintain the current allocation and add the cash to each stock position in the same proportion. This would result in an updated allocation as follows:
20 stocks equally weighted with $1,000,000 total investable amount
Each stock position increased by $10,000 ($200,000 / 20)
New value of each stock position: $40,000 ($30,000 original value + $10,000 added value)
Updated portfolio value: $1,000,000
(b) Another approach is to re-balance the portfolio based on the updated total investable amount of $1,000,000. This would involve selling some of the existing positions and buying new positions to create a new desired allocation.
8 positions equally weighted with $250,000 invested in each
Each of the 8 positions would represent 12.5% of the portfolio
(c) A third approach could be to use the additional cash to invest in alternative assets, such as bonds, real estate, or commodities. This approach could help diversify the portfolio and potentially reduce overall risk. However, it's important to note that alternative assets may have different risks and returns compared to stocks, so careful consideration needs to be taken before adding them to the portfolio.
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All but one of the following are techniques to assist and encourage an individual to start and maintain an exercise habit. a. encouragement to maintain a strenuous activity regiment b. Educate them on techniques and goal management c. Promote social support d. provide walking or biking paths
The following definition describes what cognitive strategy believed to favorably influence exercise performance. A mental representation of non realistic events.
a. Mental Imagery b. Bizarre Imagery c. Thought-Stopping d. Positive Self-Talk
All but one of the following are techniques to assist and encourage an individual to start and maintain an exercise habit. The correct answer is option a. encouragement to maintain a strenuous activity regiment.
The other techniques listed, including educating individuals on techniques and goal management, are all effective strategies to support and encourage individuals in adopting and sustaining an exercise habit. However, encouraging individuals to maintain a strenuous activity regiment may not be suitable for everyone, as exercise programs should be tailored to individual fitness levels and goals. The cognitive strategy that is described as a mental representation of non-realistic events is called Mental Imagery. Mental Imagery involves creating vivid mental images or simulations of performing a specific action or achieving a desired outcome. This technique is used in various domains, including sports and exercise, to enhance performance and motivation. By visualizing oneself successfully engaging in exercise, individuals can improve their confidence, focus, and overall performance. Mental Imagery allows individuals to mentally rehearse and anticipate the movements, sensations, and emotions associated with exercise, creating a positive and motivating mental framework. Thus, the correct answer is option a. Mental Imagery.
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compute the profitability index for each investment proposal. (round your answers to 2 decimal places.) 2. rank the proposals in terms of preference.
For every dollar invested in Proposal A, we can expect a return of $1.10. Proposal B is the better investment proposal. It has a higher profitability index, which indicates that it will provide higher returns per dollar invested.
To compute the profitability index for each investment proposal, we need to follow these steps: Step 1: Calculate the present value of cash inflows To find the present value of cash inflows, we multiply the cash inflows for each year by their respective present value factors. Present value factor = 1 / (1 + discount rate)^n Where n = number of years and the discount rate = the required rate of return Year Cash Inflows Present Value Factor Present Value of Cash Inflows Proposal A Present Value Factor: Year 1: $50,000 × 0.9434 = $47,170Year 2: $75,000 × 0.8890 = $66,675Year 3: $60,000 × 0.8396 = $50,376Total present value of cash inflows for proposal A = $47,170 + $66,675 + $50,376 = $164,221Present Value Factor: Year 1: $80,000 × 0.9434 = $75,472Year 2: $50,000 × 0.8890 = $44,450Year 3: $40,000 × 0.8396 = $33,584Total present value of cash inflows for proposal B = $75,472 + $44,450 + $33,584 = $153,506Profitability Index: Profitability Index = Present Value of Cash Inflows / Initial Investment Proposal A: Profitability Index = $164,221 / $150,000 = 1.10Proposal B:Profitability Index = $153,506 / $125,000 = 1.23Ranking of Proposals: Proposal B has the higher profitability index of 1.23, which indicates that it is the better investment proposal. Therefore, Proposal B should be preferred over Proposal A. Profitability index is the ratio of the present value of future cash flows divided by the initial investment. It is a useful tool for investors to evaluate investments. The profitability index helps investors in identifying the investments that provide the highest returns per dollar invested. In this question, we have two investment proposals, A and B. We have computed the present value of cash inflows for each proposal and then calculated the profitability index for each proposal.Proposal A has a profitability index of 1.10, while Proposal B has a profitability index of 1.23. This means that for every dollar invested in Proposal B, we can expect a return of $1.23.
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tell me about a time when you demonstrated self-leadership, noting each stage in the process (stages means activities of self leadership) (each of the practices)
Self-awareness is the foundation of self-leadership. It involves understanding one's strengths, weaknesses, values, and goals. In this example, let's say the individual realizes.
Stage 2: Setting Goals
The next stage involves setting clear and achievable goals. In this case, the individual decides to improve their productivity and time management skills to overcome procrastination.
Stage 3: Self-Motivation
Self-motivation is crucial to staying committed to the goals. The individual may create a compelling vision of the benefits of overcoming procrastination, such as increased productivity, reduced stress, and achieving long-term success.
Stage 4: Self-Control
Self-control involves managing impulses and distractions. The individual sets specific rules for themselves, such as allocating specific time slots for focused work, minimizing distractions, and practicing techniques like the Pomodoro Technique to enhance productivity.
Stage 5: Self-Development
To improve their time management skills, the individual invests time in learning and developing new strategies. They may read books, attend seminars, or take online courses on productivity and time management techniques.
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What is the price of a bond with the following information?
It is 1.5 years until expiration. The coupon rate is 7 percent and coupon payments are made once per year. The market rate of return is 7.3 percent. The bond has a face value of 2000 SEK
Answers are rounded to integers)
a.261
b.1930
c.1935
d.2201
e.2061
Bond price is calculated using the present value formula which discounts the future cash flows at the market rate of return.
In this case, the bond is paying an annual coupon, and we need to use the annuity present value formula.The formula for present value of an annuity:PMT is the periodic payment, r is the market rate, and n is the number of periods. Here, the periodic payment is the annual coupon payment, the market rate is 7.3% and the number of periods is 1.5 years (or 1 year and 6 months). The face value is the payment at maturity, so we will discount it by a single period.The annual coupon payment is calculated as the coupon rate times the face value. Therefore, the annual coupon payment is:0.07 × 2000 = 140Using the formula for the present value of an annuity, we get:PV = 140 × (1 – 1 / (1 + 0.073 / 1.5)) / (0.073 / 1.5) = 1,935We then need to add the present value of the face value:P = 2000 / (1 + 0.073 / 1.5)1 = 1,066Total bond price is:P + PV = 1,066 + 1,935 = 3,001 SEKTherefore, option D (2201) is incorrect. The correct answer is E (2061), which is the closest to 3,001 but rounded to the nearest integer.
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Wendy Day Kite Company owns 40% of the outstanding stock of Strong String Company. During the current year, Strong String paid a $10 million cash dividend on its common shares. What effect does Strong String's dividend have on Wendy Day's financial statements? (Select "No effect" if none of the categories apply for a particular item. Enter your answer in millions. (i.e., $10,000,000 should be entered as 10).) Answer is complete but not entirely correct. Net income ✓ x million No effect No effect Total assets $ 4 million
Wendy Day's financial statements will show an increase in cash on the balance sheet as a result of Strong String's dividend payment.
Since Wendy Day owns 40% of the outstanding stock of Strong String, it is entitled to receive 40% of the dividend payment. This dividend payment will be reflected as an increase in Wendy Day's cash balance on the balance sheet, but it will not affect net income or total assets.
When a company pays a dividend, it is distributing a portion of its profits to its shareholders. In this case, Strong String paid a $10 million cash dividend on its common shares. Since Wendy Day owns 40% of Strong String's outstanding stock, it will receive 40% of this dividend payment, or $4 million. On Wendy Day's financial statements, the increase in cash from the dividend payment will be reflected on the balance sheet. However, the dividend payment will not affect net income or total assets. Net income is calculated as revenues minus expenses, and the dividend payment does not impact either of these categories. Similarly, total assets are not affected by the dividend payment because it represents a distribution of profits rather than a change in the company's underlying assets. Overall, the dividend payment from Strong String will have a positive impact on Wendy Day's cash position, but it will not affect the company's profitability or asset base.
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suppose that baldwin will increase its automation to 6.5 this year. Each new unit of automation costs $4 per unit of capacity. An additional $4 per point of automation applies to any new capacity. How much will this investment in automation cost?
(Capacity is currently at 3,500 and automation is currently at 4.5)
a. $56,000,000
b. $28,000,000
c. $24,500,000
d. $49,000,000
Suppose that Baldwin will increase its automation to 6.5 this year. Each new unit of automation costs $4 per unit of capacity. An additional $4 per point of automation applies to any new capacity. the correct answer is option b. $28,000,000.
The amount of the investment in automation will cost as follows.The company currently has the following characteristics:Capacity is currently at 3,500 and automation is currently at 4.5. The capacity and automation of the company will increase as follows:New capacity = 3500 × (6.5 − 4.5) = 7000 units of capacityNew automation = 2 × 7000 = 14000 units of automationThe cost of one unit of capacity will be $4 × 1 = $4The cost of one point of automation will be $4 × 1 = $4The total cost of the company's investment in automation will be:7000 × $4 + 14000 × $4 = $28000 + $56000 = $84,000.The investment in automation will cost Baldwin $84,000. Therefore, the correct answer is option b. $28,000,000.
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Current Attempt in Progress The following credit sales are budgeted by Oriole Company: January $254000 February 400000 March 520000 April 460000 The company's past experience indicates that 70% of the accounts receivable are collected in the month of sale, 20% in the month following the sale, and 8% in the second month following the sale. The anticipated cash inflow for the month of Aprilis a. $452800 b. $458000 c. $464320 d. $426000
The correct answer is option B) $458000.The anticipated cash inflow for the month of April is $458000. Oriole Company's past experience shows that 70% of .
the accounts receivable are collected in the month of sale, 20% in the month following the sale, and 8% in the second month following the sale. Given that, the calculation of cash inflow for the month of April is as follows:Cash inflow for January = $254000 × 70% = $177800Cash inflow for February = $400000 × 70% + $254000 × 20% = $306800.
Cash inflow for March = $520000 × 70% + $400000 × 20% + $254000 × 8% = $423600Cash inflow for April = $460000 × 70% + $520000 × 20% + $400000 × 8% = $458000Therefore, the correct answer is option B) $458000.
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1. In class, we modeled growth in an economy by a growing population. We could also achieve a growing economy by having an endowment that increases over time. To see this, consider the following economy. Let the number of young people born in each period be constant at N. There is a constant stock of fiat money, M. Each young person born in period t is endowed with y units of the consumption good when young and nothing when old. The individual endowment grows over time so that y = ayt-1, where a > 1. For simplicity, assume that in each period t, young people desire to hold real money balances equal to one-half of their endowment. (a) Find the rate of return of money in this economy. Explain your results. (b) How could the government achieve a rate of return of 1 in this economy? Explain your results.
In this economy, the rate of return of money can be determined by examining the growth in the individual endowment and the desired money balances.
(a) To find the rate of return of money in this economy, we need to consider the relationship between the individual endowment and the desired money balances.
Rate of return of money = (Desired money balances in period t) / (Desired money balances in period t-1)
Since the desired money balances in each period are proportional to the endowment, the rate of return of money can be expressed as:
Rate of return of money = (y_t / y_t-1) = (a * y_t-1 / y_t-1) = a
(b) To achieve a rate of return of 1 in this economy, the government would need to adjust the money supply in response to changes in the endowment. If the endowment grows at a rate of 'a', the government would need to increase the money supply at the same rate to maintain a stable rate of return of 1.
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Assume a definition of deductible elasticity that gives non-negative figures for normal demand. What quantity will maximize the income given that E = 25 * Q^(-0,8), E is deductible elasticity and Q is the quantity?
To maximize income given a deductible elasticity definition that produces non-negative figures for normal demand, we need to find the quantity that maximizes the income function.
The deductible elasticity function is defined as E = 25 * Q^(-0.8), where E represents the deductible elasticity and Q represents the quantity. To maximize income, we need to find the quantity that maximizes the income function. The income function is derived by multiplying the quantity (Q) by the price (P). However, the price is not provided in the given information. Therefore, we need additional information to calculate the income function.
Once we have the income function, we can maximize it by taking the derivative with respect to quantity (Q) and setting it equal to zero to find the critical points. We can then analyze the second derivative to determine if the critical point is a maximum or minimum. Without the specific information about price or further details, it is not possible to calculate the exact quantity that maximizes income given the deductible elasticity function. Additional information regarding price or an income function would be necessary to provide a specific answer.
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if a bond's yield to maturity exceeds its coupon rate, the bond's _____.
If a bond's yield to maturity exceeds its coupon rate, the bond's price would decrease.
A bond's yield to maturity (YTM) is the rate of return earned by an investor if they hold the bond until it matures.
The YTM of a bond reflects the bond's interest rate, its purchase price, and the number of years until it matures.
A bond's coupon rate, on the other hand, is the rate of interest that is paid on the bond's face value.
In the case that a bond's yield to maturity exceeds its coupon rate, this means that the bond is sold at a premium. In other words, the bond's purchase price is higher than its face value.
When a bond is sold at a premium, its coupon rate is lower than the yield to maturity.
This is because the coupon payments are based on the bond's face value, not its purchase price.
Therefore, the bond's price would decrease until its yield to maturity is equal to its coupon rate.
This is because the bond's market value needs to adjust in order to reflect the lower return that investors will receive from the lower coupon payments.
Hence, if a bond's yield to maturity exceeds its coupon rate, the bond's price would decrease.
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Mr. Fisher has built several houses and is offering mortgage rates of 7% with a 15 year term to prospective buyers. Investors are willing to buy the mortgage at 10.75%. If a house is sold for $396,000 with a 90% loan, how much would Mr. Fisher lose by selling the mortgage to an investor?
Hint: What is the difference between the amount borrowed and how much an investor would be willing to pay for the loan.
Please enter the amount of the loss as a positive value.
Mr.fisher would lose approximately $86,264. to calculate the amount mr. fisher would lose by selling the mortgage to an investor.
\we need to find the difference between the amount borrowed by the buyer and the amount the investor is willing to pay for the loan.
let's break down the calculation step by step:
1. calculate the amount borrowed by the buyer:
house price = $396,000
loan percentage = 90%
amount borrowed = house price * loan percentage
= $396,000 * 0.9
= $356,400
2. calculate the amount the investor is willing to pay for the loan:
mortgage rate offered by mr. fisher = 7%
mortgage rate offered by the investor = 10.75%
difference in interest rates = mortgage rate offered by the investor - mortgage rate offered by mr. fisher
= 10.75% - 7%
= 3.75%
amount the investor is willing to pay = amount borrowed * (1 - 1 / (1 + difference in interest rates)^number of years)
= $356,400 * (1 - 1 / (1 + 0.0375)¹⁵)
≈ $270,135.47
3. calculate the loss for mr. fisher:
loss = amount borrowed - amount the investor is willing to pay
= $356,400 - $270,135.47
≈ $86,264.53 53 by selling the mortgage to an investor.
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ABC Ltd, a SaaS company sells customers a subscription service. It entered into a contract with Customer A to provide services at $36k for 12 months starting March 1, 2022. The entire fee needs to be paid in advance upon signing the contract. a) Suggest accounting of the said transaction in March 2022 and April 2022? b) If ABC Ltd decides to invoice and collect the $36k at the end of the subscription period, what would be the change in answer (a) above? c) Suppose the customer is also supposed to pay $5,000 towards implementation costs. These charges are to be paid up-front as one-time charges. How do you suggest we recognise revenue earned from implementation costs charged to the customer? How does this affect the way we account for the expense incurred by the company on implementation?
The journal entry for recording the expense incurred for implementation would be: Account Titles Debit Credit Implementation Expense $7,000Cash $5,000 Accounts Payable $2,000 .
The expense incurred is debited to the Implementation Expense account and the cash paid to the vendor is credited to the Cash account.
(a) Accounting of the said transaction in March 2022 and April 2022For March 2022, ABC Ltd would record the entire revenue of $36,000 from the subscription service provided to Customer A in advance.
The entry for the transaction in March 2022 would be: Accounting Equation - ABC Ltd Transaction Assets = Liabilities + Equity Revenue Increase = Increase +No Change$36,000 = $0 + $36,000The journal entry is: Account Titles Debit Credit Cash $36,000Unearned Revenue $36,000For April 2022, ABC Ltd would recognise the revenue of $3,000 ($36,000 / 12) that corresponds to the month of April as it provides services to Customer A. (b) If ABC Ltd decides to invoice and collect the $36k at the end of the subscription period, the transaction would be accounted for differently. In this case, there would be no revenue recognised in March 2022. If the company incurs a total expense of $7,000 for implementation, the net expense would be $2,000 ($7,000 - $5,000). Therefore, the journal entry for recording the expense incurred for implementation would be: Account Titles Debit Credit Implementation Expense $7,000Cash $5,000Accounts Payable $2,000 .
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Using one or more of the academic theories and ideas we have covered in the module, compare and contrast how technology and perspectives on "smart development" influence "developed" and "developing" countries. (50 Marks)
Academic theories and ideas on technology and smart development Technology is one of the primary drivers of the global economy and continues to have a profound impact on developed and developing nations.
Several academic theories and ideas explain how technology and perspectives on "smart development" influence developed and developing nations. The following section will highlight these theories and ideas.1. Modernization theoryThis theory posits that developed nations follow a linear path of development from traditional to modern societies. The theory emphasizes that modernization is facilitated by technological advancements, which are considered a driving force for economic growth, social change, and political stability in societies.2. Dependency theoryThis theory critiques modernization theory by arguing that technological advancements have perpetuated inequalities between developed and developing nations. According to dependency theory, developing nations depend on developed nations for technological advancements, investments, and raw materials. Therefore, technology perpetuates a cycle of dependency and exploitation that limits the development of developing nations.3. Innovation diffusion theoryThis theory explains how technology spreads across societies and nations.
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Garcia Company can invest in one of two alternative projects, Project Y requires a $360,000 initial investment for new machinery with a four-year life and no salvage value. Project Z requires a $360,0
Garcia Company is pondering between two different projects. Project Y demands a $360,000 opening investment for new equipment with a 4-year life and no salvage worth. Project Z needs a $360,000 opening investment for new equipment with a 6-year life and no salvage worth.
Garcia's cost of capital is 12 percent and the following are the annual net cash flows anticipated for each project:Year Project Y Project Z 1 $110,000 $130,0002 $110,000 $130,0003 $110,000 $130,0004 $110,000 $130,000. In 100 words, the net present value (NPV) of Project Y and Project Z is calculated using the following formula: NPV = -Initial Investment + Cash Flows/ (1 + Cost of Capital) ^ (Number of Years)By inserting the cash flows and the provided cost of capital of 12 percent into the NPV formula, the net present value of Project Y and Project Z is calculated as follows: NPV (Project Y) = -$360,000 + $110,000/ (1 + 0.12) ^ 1 + $110,000/ (1 + 0.12) ^ 2 + $110,000/ (1 + 0.12) ^ 3 + $110,000/ (1 + 0.12) ^ 4= -$360,000 + $98,214.29 + $87,467.03 + $77,919.68 + $69,548.32= $72,149.32 NPV (Project Z) = -$360,000 + $130,000/ (1 + 0.12) ^ 1 + $130,000/ (1 + 0.12) ^ 2 + $130,000/ (1 + 0.12) ^ 3 + $130,000/ (1 + 0.12) ^ 4= -$360,000 + $116,071.43 + $103,321.60 + $91,944.72 + $81,872.09 + $72,053.57= $104,263.41
Since the net present value of Project Z is greater than the net present value of Project Y, Garcia Company should invest in Project Z.
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Use the table below to answer the following questions. a. Calculate the growth rate of real GDP for each year from 2003 to 2007. The growth rate of real GDP for 2004=% (Round your response to two decimal places) Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 RGDP (billions of 2005 dollars) $11,000 11,256 11,340 11,871 12,446
The growth rate of real GDP for 2004 is 2.33% (rounded to two decimal places).
To calculate the growth rate of real GDP for each year, we can use the following formula:
Growth Rate of Real GDP = ((RGDP₂ - RGDP₁) / RGDP₁) * 100
Given the following values:
Year RGDP (billions of 2005 dollars)
2003 $11,000
2004 $11,256
2005 $11,340
2006 $11,871
2007 $12,446
Now let's calculate the growth rate of real GDP for each year:
For 2004:
Growth Rate of Real GDP = (($11,256 - $11,000) / $11,000) * 100
Growth Rate of Real GDP = ($256 / $11,000) * 100
Growth Rate of Real GDP = 2.33%
Therefore, the growth rate of real GDP for 2004 is 2.33% (rounded to two decimal places).
To calculate the growth rate for the remaining years, you can use the same formula, substituting the appropriate values for RGDP₁ and RGDP₂.
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In your own words, explain how your previous, current or future
employer can use strategic training to improve its training
programs. Explain how the strategic training would align with the
business s
Strategic training involves providing training programs that align with the business's objectives and goals.
Employers can use strategic training to improve their training programs in several ways. These include:Conducting a skills gap analysis: A skills gap analysis helps identify areas where employees lack skills and knowledge required to carry out their roles effectively. By conducting this analysis, employers can tailor their training programs to fill the gaps and improve their employees' productivity and performance.
Aligning training programs with business goals and objectives: Employers should align their training programs with their business goals and objectives. This ensures that employees acquire skills and knowledge relevant to their roles and the business's goals.
Developing clear performance metrics: By setting clear performance metrics, employers can evaluate employees' performance after training. This helps identify the impact of the training on employees and the business and determine the effectiveness of the training program.
Developing a comprehensive training program: A comprehensive training program should include various types of training, such as online training, classroom training, and on-the-job training. This ensures that employees acquire skills and knowledge from various sources and apply them to their work.
Providing ongoing training: Employers should provide ongoing training to employees to keep them updated on new technologies, policies, and procedures. This ensures that employees remain competent and productive in their roles and helps the business achieve its objectives. Therefore, employers can use strategic training to improve their training programs by conducting a skills gap analysis, aligning training programs with business goals and objectives, developing clear performance metrics, developing a comprehensive training program, and providing ongoing training.
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The employer can use strategic training to improve their training with programs that help in the development of employees, so that objectives and goals are achieved more efficiently.
What is strategic training?It corresponds to a system focused on developing the skills of employees in a strategic way, that is, developing staff so that there is an increase in motivation, productivity, work efficiency.
Therefore, strategic training focuses on providing techniques and methods that satisfy the difficulties and bottlenecks at work so that employees develop new capabilities and improve their skills so that the company is more positioned and competitive.
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Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided. 1) Which of the following would be debited to the Investment account for when the equity method is used? A. Investee net losses B. Investee net profits C. Investee declaration of dividends. D. Depreciation of excess purchase cost attributable to investee equipment. 2) A parent company that uses the equity method of accounting for a 90% owned subsidiary prepare the following journal entry in its books Income from subsidiary xxx Investment in subsidiary xxxx A possible explanation for the above journal entry is A. To record dividends from subsidiary B. To amortized allocated difference C. To record 90% of subsidiary's net income for the year D. To eliminate 90% of subsidiary's net income for the year
Investment account is debited for investee net losses when the equity method is used. The journal entry "Income from subsidiary xxx; Investment in subsidiary xxxx" is made to record 90% of the subsidiary's net income for the year in the parent company's books.
When the equity method is employed, the investor recognizes its share of the investee's net income or loss. If the investee incurs a net loss, the investor would debit its Investment account to reflect the decrease in the value of its investment. This adjustment recognizes the investor's responsibility for its share of the investee's losses.
In the given journal entry, the parent company is using the equity method for a 90% owned subsidiary. This implies that the parent company has significant influence over the subsidiary. The journal entry is made to record 90% of the subsidiary's net income for the year as income from the subsidiary. The parent company's ownership percentage determines its share of the subsidiary's earnings, and this entry reflects the recognition of the parent company's proportionate share of the subsidiary's profitability.
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Some schools of thought distinguish between the decision process
(that is, the techniques and the methods used to make decisions)
and the decision outcome. Discuss why this distinction is important
an
The distinctiοn between the decisiοn prοcess and the decisiοn οutcοme is impοrtant because they represent twο different aspects οf the decisiοn-making prοcess, each with its οwn significance and implicatiοns.
What is impοrtance οf decisiοn-making?Effective decisiοn-making may imprοve wοrkflοws and create an envirοnment that cultivates innοvatiοn. If yοu're a member οf yοur cοmpany's management team, learning the prοper steps in the decisiοn-making prοcess may help yοu make infοrmed chοices.
Here are a few reasοns why this distinctiοn is impοrtant:
1. Accοuntability and Evaluatiοn: Separating the decisiοn prοcess frοm the decisiοn οutcοme allοws fοr a clearer evaluatiοn οf the decisiοn-making prοcess itself. By assessing the techniques, methοds, and apprοaches used, οrganizatiοns can identify areas οf imprοvement and determine the effectiveness οf their decisiοn-making practices. This prοmοtes accοuntability and cοntinuοus imprοvement in decisiοn-making prοcesses.
2. Learning and Knοwledge Transfer: Understanding the decisiοn prοcess independently οf the οutcοme enables οrganizatiοns tο capture valuable knοwledge and insights frοm bοth successful and unsuccessful decisiοns. By analyzing the decisiοn prοcess, οrganizatiοns can identify best practices, lessοns learned, and pοtential pitfalls tο avοid in future decisiοn-making scenariοs. This facilitates knοwledge transfer and prοmοtes οrganizatiοnal learning.
3. Risk Management: Decisiοn οutcοmes can be influenced by variοus factοrs, including unfοreseen circumstances, external events, and uncοntrοllable variables. By fοcusing οn the decisiοn prοcess, οrganizatiοns can assess the quality οf decisiοn-making inputs, such as data accuracy, analysis techniques, stakehοlder invοlvement, and risk assessment. This helps οrganizatiοns identify pοtential risks and imprοve their decisiοn-making capabilities, even if the οutcοme is nοt as desired.
4. Cοntinuοus Imprοvement: The distinctiοn between the decisiοn prοcess and the decisiοn οutcοme encοurages οrganizatiοns tο adοpt a mindset οf cοntinuοus imprοvement. By emphasizing the prοcess, οrganizatiοns can establish feedback lοοps, cοllect data, and measure the effectiveness οf decisiοn-making techniques. This allοws them tο refine their apprοaches, incοrpοrate new methοdοlοgies, and adapt tο changing envirοnments, ultimately leading tο better decisiοn οutcοmes οver time.
5. Ethical Cοnsideratiοns: Separating the decisiοn prοcess frοm the οutcοme highlights the impοrtance οf ethical decisiοn-making. Even if a decisiοn leads tο a pοsitive οutcοme, it is essential tο evaluate whether the prοcess fοllοwed ethical principles, fairness, and transparency. By examining the decisiοn prοcess, οrganizatiοns can ensure that ethical cοnsideratiοns are integrated intο decisiοn-making practices, aligning with οrganizatiοnal values and sοcietal expectatiοns.
In summary, distinguishing between the decisiοn prοcess and the decisiοn οutcοme allοws οrganizatiοns tο evaluate and imprοve their decisiοn-making practices, capture valuable knοwledge, manage risks, fοster cοntinuοus imprοvement, and uphοld ethical standards. By fοcusing οn bοth aspects, οrganizatiοns can enhance their decisiοn-making capabilities and increase the likelihοοd οf favοrable οutcοmes while mitigating pοtential negative cοnsequences.
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Discuss the reasons for 2008 Global Mortgage Crisis.
Please limit your report to no more than 300 words in
total.
The global mortgage crisis of 2008 occurred due to various factors. It was a result of a combination of an array of factors such as financial, political, and economic reasons. The event resulted in a worldwide recession, and it took years for the world's economy to recover.
Below are some of the reasons for the 2008 Global Mortgage Crisis:
1.Subprime Mortgage: A subprime mortgage is a loan offered to borrowers with low credit scores or a high risk of default. It offered loans to individuals who could not repay them back due to low creditworthiness.
2. Greed and Corruption: Mortgage lenders acted out of greed. They granted mortgages without checking creditworthiness. Furthermore, mortgage brokers offered subprime mortgages to borrowers, resulting in the borrowers being trapped with high-interest rates.
3. Credit Default Swaps: Credit Default Swaps (CDS) are complex financial instruments that act as insurance for the lender. It means that a borrower defaults on a loan. However, the lenders did not have enough money to compensate for the losses when the borrowers defaulted.
4. Housing Bubble: The housing bubble refers to the rise in property prices in the United States from 2000 to 2006. Lenders offered high-value mortgages to borrowers, which led to a rise in housing prices. Eventually, the housing prices grew more than the actual value of the houses. As a result, homeowners defaulted on their loans, leading to the mortgage crisis.
5. Lack of Government Regulation: The US government did not regulate the mortgage sector. It meant that the lenders acted out of greed, resulting in a lack of responsibility. Moreover, the government did not regulate the CDS market, which worsened the situation.The 2008 global mortgage crisis caused a worldwide recession that affected every sector of the economy. It shows that the greed and corruption of the market are detrimental to society and economies.
A fair system and government regulation are necessary for a stable economy. The crisis led to changes in the regulatory framework, and banks have implemented measures to prevent a repeat of the 2008 global mortgage crisis.
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Identify the scale to which the following statements/responses
belong
(i) Designations as to race, religion
(ii)TV Samsung is better than TV LG
(iii) Brand last purchased
(iv)Evaluation of sales perso
The scale to which designations as to race, religion belongs is prejudice. The term prejudice means pre-judgement.
It means that you judge someone or something before you get to know it. There are many different types of prejudice. Examples of prejudice include: racism, sexism, homophobia, religious prejudice, and ageism.(ii) TV Samsung is better than TV LG: The scale to which TV Samsung is better than TV LG belongs is Opinion. An opinion is a judgment or viewpoint formed about something, not necessarily based on fact or knowledge.
The scale to which brand last purchased belongs is Consumer Behavior. Consumer behavior refers to the actions and decisions made by individuals and households when they buy and use products and services.(iv) Evaluation of sales person: The scale to which evaluation of sales person belongs is Feedback. Feedback is the main answer to an action, process, or system. An explanation provides information about something.
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Detailed explanation of any two pestle components for
"Wellbeing therapy centers for pets in australia" .
(word limit 800) Please provide referencing
Pestle analysis is a strategic management tool used to identify and analyze the macro-environmental factors that affect an organization.
These factors are usually outside the control of the organization and include political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. This essay will explain two PESTLE components for Wellbeing therapy centers for pets in Australia.
PESTLE Analysis for Wellbeing therapy centers for pets in Australia
Political Factors:
Political factors refer to government policies and regulations that affect the business environment. These include laws and regulations related to tax policies, trade restrictions, labor laws, environmental regulations, and consumer protection laws. The political climate in Australia is favorable for businesses in the pet care industry. The government has implemented policies that promote the growth of the industry, such as tax incentives and grants for pet care businesses. In addition, there are no major trade restrictions or barriers to entry in the pet care industry. These factors create a favorable environment for Wellbeing therapy centers for pets in Australia to operate and grow.
Economic Factors:
Economic factors refer to the economic conditions that affect the business environment. These include factors such as inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, and economic growth. The Australian economy is currently experiencing steady growth, with low inflation and interest rates. The pet care industry is growing rapidly due to the increasing demand for pet care services. In addition, the pet care industry is largely recession-proof, as pet owners are willing to spend money on their pets even during economic downturns. These economic factors create a favorable environment for Wellbeing therapy centers for pets in Australia to operate and grow.
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PESTLE analysis is an effective tool to examine the macro-environmental factors that impact an organization. PESTLE stands for Political, Economic, Sociocultural, Technological, Legal, and Environmental.
A comprehensive PESTLE analysis provides information about the organization's external environment, which aids in the development of a strategic plan to manage risks and take advantage of opportunities. The pestle components that we will discuss are Economic and Sociocultural. Economic Component: Australian pets are often regarded as family members, and pet owners are willing to spend a significant amount of money on their pets' well-being. As a result, the market for well-being therapy centres for pets is expanding. The Australian pet industry is a profitable business, with over $12 billion spent on pets each year. The well-being therapy centres for pets must adapt their services to the current economic conditions. When economic conditions are favourable, the demand for services increases, whereas when economic conditions are unfavourable, the demand for services decreases. As a result, well-being therapy centres for pets must monitor the economic environment in which they operate to adapt their business operations accordingly. It may entail lowering prices or offering discounts during tough economic times to attract more customers. Sociocultural Component: Australians are pet lovers, and as a result, the pet industry is expanding. Pet owners regard their pets as family members and are willing to pay a premium for their pets' well-being. As a result, the demand for well-being therapy centres for pets is increasing. Pet owners are interested in the latest pet trends, which include pet therapy and well-being. Pet owners expect high-quality services from well-being therapy centres for pets. Therefore, pet centers must offer a wide range of services to meet the diverse needs of pet owners. Pet owners are also interested in the sustainability of the products and services provided by well-being therapy centres for pets. Pet centres must be environmentally friendly and use sustainable practices in their operations. They can also provide awareness campaigns to their clients to encourage them to follow environmentally friendly practices
In conclusion, the pestle analysis of the well-being therapy centres for pets in Australia is critical to assess the macro-environmental factors impacting the business. The pestle analysis of economic and sociocultural factors indicates that the Australian pet industry is a profitable business, and the demand for well-being therapy centres for pets is increasing. Economic and socio-cultural factors will have a significant impact on the business. Pet centres must monitor the economic environment in which they operate and adapt their business operations accordingly. Furthermore, pet centres must offer a wide range of services to meet the diverse needs of pet owners and be environmentally friendly. PESTLE analysis provides a framework for the well-being therapy centres for pets to evaluate the external factors impacting their business.
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a game theoritical description and explanation of the application social dilemmas especially the climate changes issue , historical and theoretical background, the main contributions, main approaches and results, as well as examples from the real world.
a paragraph of 600 words
The resources you use have to be included properly in the bibliography.
Game theory offers a valuable framework for understanding and addressing social dilemmas, particularly in the context of climate change.
Game theory provides a powerful tool for analyzing social dilemmas, including the challenges posed by climate change. The historical development of game theory, rooted in the work of scholars such as John von Neumann and John Nash, has laid the foundation for understanding strategic interactions among individuals and groups. In the context of climate change, game theory has been applied to model the behavior of countries, organizations, and individuals as they make decisions regarding environmental actions.
Game theory has also provided insights into the conditions under which cooperation or defection is more likely to occur, considering factors such as communication, reputation, repeated interactions, and the structure of incentives.
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Which statement is true? O a. Outsourcing should not be done at this point in time due to the significant risks in this volatile environment O b. Outsourcing is always helpful because the risks are typically much smaller than the benefits of outsourcing O c. Outsourcing is typically helpful when a firm has no access to labour to produce goods on their own premisses O d. Outsourcing is often helpful when a single firm does not achieve economies of scale
The statement that is true is that outsourcing is often helpful when a single firm does not achieve economies of scale. Economies of scale refer to the reduction in cost per unit of output resulting from large-scale production.
It usually means that when a business produces a large number of products, the cost of each unit decreases. Outsourcing allows a company to benefit from the same advantages as a larger corporation, without having to produce more of its goods. Outsourcing can be advantageous when companies lack the necessary resources to perform tasks on their own, have trouble finding specialized talent, or are unable to achieve economies of scale. However, outsourcing may come with some risks, such as quality control, communication problems, and a lack of control over the outsourcing company's operations.
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QUESTION 9 If two investment opportunities are equally profitable, most entities would... O not be concerned about which investment was chosen. O choose the investment where the outlaid cash is to be recouped in the longest amount of time. choose the investment where the outlaid cash is to be recouped in the shortest amount of time. choose neither investment.
If two investment opportunities are equally profitable, most entities would choose the investment where the outlaid cash is to be recouped in the shortest amount of time.
When faced with two equally profitable investment opportunities, entities typically consider the time it takes to recoup the initial cash outlay as a deciding factor. The main objective is to maximize the return on investment and minimize the time it takes to recover the invested funds. By choosing the investment with a shorter payback period, entities can free up their capital more quickly and potentially reinvest it into other ventures, thereby increasing their overall financial growth.
In financial decision-making, the payback period is an important metric used to evaluate the time it takes for an investment to generate sufficient cash flows to recover the initial investment. It indicates the speed at which an investment can start generating positive returns. By opting for the investment with the shortest payback period, entities can mitigate the risk associated with tying up their capital for an extended duration. This approach allows them to maintain flexibility, adapt to changing market conditions, and seize additional investment opportunities in a relatively shorter time frame. Thus, choosing the investment with the shortest payback period is the preferred option when profitability is equal.
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answer 7f
7) Consider a competitive exchange economy with two individuals, Adam and Beth, and two goods, candy bars X and cookies, Y. The economy has 30 units of each good. Initially, Adam has 30 candy bars, and Beth has 30 cookies. Preferences are presented by the following utility functions: UA=X11/3Y2A/3 UB=X18/3Y28/3 Where U A represents Adam's preferences and Us represents Beth's. Let py= 1 and px= p. a. Write down the budget constraint for each consumer. [4 points) b. Write down each consumer's constrained optimisation problem. [4 points) c. Find the demand curves for the two goods for Adam and Beth. [8 points) d. Write down two market clearing conditions. Hence find the Walrasian equilibrium relative price and allocation of this economy. [6 points) e. Draw an Edgeworth box, putting good X on the x-axis and good Y on the y-axis. Identify the initial endowment, the budget line and the Walrasian equilibrium allocation; sketch indifference curves for each consumer at the Walrasian equilibrium allocation. [8 points) f. A government official proposes a redistribution of goods between Adam and Beth in order to attain allocation (X,YA) = (X, Ya) = (15,15). Sketch the utility possibilities set and identify the competitive general equilibrium allocation and the proposed allocation in your diagram. Which of the two allocations would a Rawlsian social planner prefer? How about a Utilitarian social planner? Explain your answer. [10 points)
a. The budget constraint for Adam can be written as: pX + Y ≤ pA, where p is the price of candy bars (good X) and pA is Adam's income.
The budget constraint for Beth can be written as: X + pY ≤ pB, where p is the price of candy bars (good X) and pB is Beth's income.
b. Adam's constrained optimization problem can be stated as: Maximize UA = X^(1/3)Y^(2/3) subject to the budget constraint pX + Y ≤ pA.
Beth's constrained optimization problem can be stated as: Maximize UB = X^(8/3)Y^(2/3) subject to the budget constraint X + pY ≤ pB.
c. To find the demand curves for the two goods, we need to solve the constrained optimization problems for Adam and Beth. Taking the first-order conditions, we can find the demand functions:
For Adam: (1/3)X^(-2/3)Y^(2/3) = p
Solving for X: X = (3pY)^(3/2)
For Beth: (8/3)X^(5/3)Y^(-1/3) = 1/p
Solving for X: X = (3pY/8)^(3/5)
d. The market clearing conditions are:
Total demand for X equals the total supply: 2X = 30
Total demand for Y equals the total supply: Y + 2Y = 30
Solving these equations, we get X = 15 and Y = 10.
e. In the Edgeworth box, we put candy bars X on the x-axis and cookies Y on the y-axis. The initial endowment is (30, 30) which represents Adam having 30 candy bars and Beth having 30 cookies.
The budget line represents the combinations of X and Y that Adam and Beth can afford given their respective incomes. It can be drawn as a line connecting the points (0, pA) and (pB, 0) on the graph.
The Walrasian equilibrium allocation is (15, 10), where the demand for X and Y by Adam and Beth, respectively, equals the total supply.
Indifference curves for each consumer at the Walrasian equilibrium allocation can be drawn to represent their preferences. These curves should be tangent to the budget line at the equilibrium point.
f. The utility possibilities set can be drawn as a curve connecting the points representing different allocations of goods between Adam and Beth. The competitive general equilibrium allocation is (15, 15), which lies on the utility possibilities set.
The proposed allocation (X, Ya) = (15, 15) would be preferred by a Rawlsian social planner because it represents an equal distribution of goods between Adam and Beth, providing fairness and reducing inequality.
A Utilitarian social planner would prefer the competitive general equilibrium allocation as it maximizes the overall utility in the society, regardless of the distribution of goods.
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