[tex]\Large\textbf{ACTIVE AND PASSIVE IMMUNITY}[/tex]
Active Immunity, Immunity which is acquired by the own immune response of the body.
Passive Immunity, Immunity which is acquired and dependent upon the antibodies transported from another person or even an animal. A person's immune system does not acquire or make the antibodies itself. A newborn baby acquires passive immunity from its mother through the placenta.
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[tex]\Huge\text{Vaccination:}[/tex]Vaccination is a artificial active immunity. Artificial because the antibodies are not acquired by any natural infection but it is injected into the healthy body of the person. It is Active immunity because the body does not get already made (from other animal) antibodies but it acts on the small amount of the pathogen which is injected in the body and acquires the antibodies itself. So the person acquires antibodies naturally acting on the antigen. Antigen is any foreign agent which triggers the immune system to produce antibodies against it. Vaccines contains antigen which is a harmless form of the bacteria or a virus that causes the disease you are being immunised against. The bacteria or virus are in small proportion and greatly weakened in the vaccine so they just trigger an immune response without causing any real damage. When Vaccine is injected in the body, the immune system starts to make antibodies of different forms against the antigen(Virus or bacteria in the vaccine). When the appropriate shape antibody reacts with the antigen and forms antibody-antigen complex which destroys the antigen. This means that type and shape of antibody is perfect to work against that antigen, then the immune system start forming only those kind of antibodies in great proportion and the Person gets immunised by the vaccine in a natural way.
_____________________________________Best Regards,'Borz'What are the advantages of asexual propagation.
Answer:It may be the only way to perpetuate particular cultivars.Or
It maintains the juvenile or adult characteristics of certain cultivars.
Explanation:
If this is not the answer you want sorry i tried my best. :)
The HeLa cancer call genome is vastly different from Henrietta’s normal genome. A gene transfer from the human papillomavirus 18 virus (HPV18) to human cervical cells created the original HeLa strain of cancer cells.
a) Describe the type of evidence scientists would need to justify this claim.
b) From this discovery, an HPV vaccination was developed. Without HeLa cells, this would not have been possible. Yet, these cells were taken for research without Mrs. Lack’s knowledge. Evaluate the pros and cons of designating biopsy cells as "free cells," cells that can be used without required patient consent.
Answer:
a. Sequencing the genome and transcriptome of these cells
b. Pros: these cells can be very useful in research (as in Henrieta case)
Contras: 1. patient's family may have inherited the same genetic defect from their common ancestors, thereby this information might be used for malicious people
2. Ethical issues
Explanation:
By using genome sequencing technologies it is possible to determine the nucleotide sequence of the genome (DNA) and their transcriptomic products (i.e., RNAs, especially mRNAs) obtained from a particular cell type. Therefore, these technologies can be used to compare the genome of cancer cells and Henrietta’s normal genome.
HeLa cells have been very useful in pharmaceutical research. These cells have been used in cancer research, in the development of vaccines (e.g., polio vaccine and HPV vaccine), Parkinson's Disease, etc. Moreover, the use of cells without required patient consent may affect the patient’s family by exhibiting information about the genetic conditions of multiple generations of this family, which might be considered unethical and lead to problems associated with the malicious use of this information.
HeLa Cell
It is the first human immortal cell line.
a). The scientist took a tissue sample from a patient named Henrietta Lacks. She was a cervical cancer patient.
Now when the scientist observed the cell sample in the laboratory, they saw that cell was growing indefinitely, i.e. 'immortal'.
So, they named it the HeLa Cell.
Later, the scientist found many copies of HPV-18 (Human Pappiloma Virus-18) in these HeLa cells which is a strain of HPV.
These strains has caused cervical cancer in Henrietta Lacks.
b). The Pros
It could not have claimed if any medical negligence would have occurred.We can overcome the false perception of the patient.The research could be progressed without any interruption from the patient.The Cons
If the consent of the patient was not taken then there would have been legal issues as well as ethical issues.Also, the law orders to stop the research without patient's consent.Without the right patent, the commercialization of the cells would begin.Learn More :
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2. What do you call the structure of the DNA?
DNA is made up of molecules called nucleotides. ... Nucleotides are attached together to form two long strands that spiral to create a structure called a double helix. If you think of the double helix structure as a ladder, the phosphate and sugar molecules would be the sides, while the bases would be the rungs
Explanation:
Who was the first scientist to monitor the movement of the stars and moon?
Aristotle
Hedu’Anna
Archimedes
Copernicus
Answer:
Aristotle
Explanation:
Aristotle created his own system for mapping the stars first, the others studied and discovered things in different subjects. :)
Answer:
Isn't it Galileo.
I think it is Galileo
What type of molecule is used to cut genes from a DNA of an organism
Answer:
It is restriction enzymes
Explanation:
If blood is in short supply which blood type would be the most beneficial to have on hand if someone needed a blood transfusion
When a sperm cell and egg cell join together what is it called?
1. sperm
2. Gamete
3. baby
4. Zygote
Answer:
4. Zygote is the answer
Answer:
Zygote
Explanation:
During fertialization a sperm cell and an egg cell come together to form a zygote.
someone please help it’s due in 10 minutes
Answer:
the answer is D good luck
Answer:
bilateral symmetry
Explanation:
which tricks do you use to reduce pressure in everyday activities .
if you know so answer this question dont tell that mark me as a brainlist
Hope this helps
Please help please and thank you
Answer:
The answer is : recombinant DNA combines genes from two different organisms
Could someone help me out on this problem
which factor makes enzymes well-suited to the role of catalyst in bio chemical reaction?
Answer:
Enzymes can be reused because they do not permanently bond with substrate
Explanation:
Which of the following normally leads to the production of functional messenger RNA in eukaryotic cells?
Answer: The removal of portions of RNA known as intervening sequences (introns)
Explanation:
The removal of portions of RNA is known as intervening sequences (introns).
What is the process of splicing?In order to enable the translation of mRNA into a protein, RNA splicing puts together the protein-coding regions (exons) and cuts out the intervening, non-coding segments of genes (introns) from pre-mRNA.
Intron sequences are cut out and exon sequences are joined during the splicing process.
As RNA matures, introns are cut out via RNA splicing, which means that they are not expressed in the resulting messenger RNA (mRNA) product.
In contrast, exons continue to be chemically bound to one another to produce mature mRNA. Exons are expressed sequences, whereas introns can be thought of as intervening sequences.
Therefore, the removal of portions of RNA is known as intervening sequences (introns).
Learn more about splicing, here;
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What is an enzyme?.....
what a Lunar Phase ?
Answer:
It’s something like The lunar phase or Moon phase is the shape of the Moon's directly sunlit portion as viewed from Earth. The lunar phases gradually change over a synodic month as the Moon's orbital positions around Earth and Earth around the Sun shift
Answer with Explanation:
A lunar phase is also known as a "moon phase." This refers to how we see the Moon in different shapes as it is reflected back to Earth. Such reflection depends on the portion of the Moon that is illuminated by the sun. This explains why the amount of moon that we view from Earth changes over time.
It consists of 8 phases: New Moon, Waxing Crescent, First Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, Third Quarter and Waning Crescent.
pls help me with this question
Answer:
C
Explanation:
A plant cell has a large Vacuole and a animal cell has a small Vacuole.
What shares ¼ of its genes with humans?
The sequence of bases on one strand of a DNA molecule is AGT GTA GAC. After replication of the strand of DNA, what is the sequence of nitrogen bases on the complementary (opposite)strand?
Answer:
TCA CAT CTG
Explanation:
If there is an A, then on the complementary strnad there will be a T (and vice versa) since Adenine (A) always bonds with Thymine (T)
If there is an C, then on the complementary strnad there will be a G (and vice versa) since Cytosine (C) always bonds with Guanine (G)
The sequence of nitrogen bases on the complementary (opposite) strand is TCA CAT CTG
What are complementary strands of DNA?Complementary strand is either of the two chains that make up a double helix of DNA, with corresponding positions on the two chains being composed of a pair of complementary bases.
The complementary strand for DNA must follow the base pairing and polarity rules. Pairing means that A=T and G=C. Polarity means that the strands have to run in opposite directions.
The upper strand of DNA is the "mRNA-like" strand. The lower strand is the strand that is complementary to the mRNA.
Learn more about complementary strands:
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The DNA of a plant or animal cell is found in which of the following parts of a cell? *
1 point
Chloroplasts
Chlorophyll
Cell wall
Chromosomes
concentration.
a. The video clip explains that you can also look at water as moving to a
concentration of solute molecules.
b. Why can it also be viewed this way?
Answer:
A. The video clip explains that you can also look at water as moving to a HIGHER concentration of salute molecules.
B. Why can it also be viewed this way?
Because there is more salute and less water.
Vegetables help us have:
A restful night's sleep
Healthy skin and eyes
Indigestion
Properly working sweat glands
Answer:
healthy skin and eyes.
Explanation:
Answer:
Yes vegetables do help u with that is that the only question feel free to ask me for more questions.
Analogy of Cell wall
Answer:
In school, I was taught that it is like a bouncer who controls who enters and exits the club because the cell membrane controls what is able to permeate into the cell. It’s good, but I like to think of it as a door.
*
What is the male part of the flower called
Answer:
anther
Explanation:
Stamen: The pollen producing part of a flower, usually with a slender filament supporting the anther. Anther: The part of the stamen where pollen is produced. Pistil: The ovule producing part of a flower. The ovary often supports a long style, topped by a stigma.
define natural greenhouse
Answer:
the natural process that warms the earth's surface is known as natural greenhouse.
What
process cannot occur in the dark
treatment of photosynthesis?
I WILL GIVE YOU BRAINLYEST!!
Answer:
the complete process
Explanation:
i hope this helped!
HELP PLZ
explain whether the following statement is true or false: “All arteries carry blood with oxygen and all veins carry blood with carbon dioxide.”
Answer:
Its true because blood flow thru our veins
Explanation:
Which two words would BEST replace "mimicked" and composition in the selection above WITHOUT Changing the meaning?
(A) dissolved contents
(B) located, foundation
(C)
formed, structure
(D)
resembled, makeup
Answer:
The answer is D.
Explanation:
I need this ASAP plzzz help!!
5. How does the inheritance of blood groups in humans demonstrate that Mendelian laws are not
always followed in heredity?
what happens in a warm front
Answer: A warm front forms when a warm air mass pushes into a cooler air mass, also shown in the image. Warm fronts often bring stormy weather as the warm air mass at the surface rises above the cool air mass, making clouds and storms.
Viruses replicate the host cell
True, viruses replicate the host cell
False, viruses replicate the virus, inside the host cell
Answer: False viruses replicate the virus inside the cell so that it will overfill and burst and let the viruses infect other cells.
I deserve brainliest after that.