What is a common
ancestor?
A. the oldest living member of a family
or population of organisms
B. the first and oldest organism of a
new species
C. the first level of a family tree
D. the organism that was the
beginning of multiple new species as a
result of evolution this is answer

Answer:

Explanation:

Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, membrane potential, metabolic activity, and responsiveness to signals. These changes are largely due to highly controlled modifications in gene expression and are the study of epigenetics.

The three events that occur as an unspecialized cell differentiates into a cell that helps transport water in plants are as follows:

Cell differentiation may be defined as the process during which young, immature (unspecialized) cells take on individual characteristics and reach their mature (specialized) form and function.

In order for a cell to differentiate into its specialized form and function, it need only to manipulate those genes (and thus those proteins) that will be expressed, and not those that will remain silent. The primary mechanism by which genes are turned “on” or “off” is through transcription factors.

Therefore, the three events that occur as an unspecialized cell differentiates into a cell that helps transport water in plants are well-described above.

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Answer: D and A

Explanation:

The plasma membrane, or the cell membrane, provides protection for a cell. The cell membrane maintains homeostasis in three main ways

The one limitation of using a greenhouse as a model to represent a large farm is that a greenhouse is not exposed to the same weather patterns as a large farm. Thus, the correct option is B.

A greenhouse is a building with the glass walls and a glass roof. Greenhouses are the models which are used to grow plants, such as tomatoes and tropical flowers in a specific weather condition.

A greenhouse stays warm inside, even during the winter time. In the daytime, sunlight shines into the greenhouse and warms the plants and air that are present inside. A greenhouse helps in creating a microclimate that controls the temperature and humidity we want to expose the plants to.

Therefore, the correct option is B.

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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:

What might be one limitation of using a greenhouse as a model to represent a large farm?

A. A greenhouse is a controlled environment, and a large farm is not.

B. A greenhouse is not exposed to the same weather patterns as a large farm.

C. A greenhouse has a water system that can be controlled by the farmer

D. A greenhouse has more pests than a large farm.

Explanation:

Ans: D

by counting the no of electrons in the diagram we have 18 negatively charged particles (electrons)

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Atoms have negatively charged electrons. An atom's electrons balance the nucleus' protons' positive charge. By counting the red dots, we can say that there's total 18 electrons.

An atom is a subatomic particle of matter that serves as the fundamental unit of definition for each individual chemical element. Atoms are made up of a positively charged nucleus in the center that is surrounded by one or more electrons that have a negative charge. The nucleus has a positive electric charge and may house one or more relatively massive particles called protons and neutrons.

The positive charge that is carried by the protons in the nucleus of an atom is countered by the negative charge that is carried by all of the atom's electrons working together.

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4. Excretion and growth is a characteristics of living organisms that is shown as the head of a flower faces the sun all day.  

Option A is correct.

5. That which is common to all organisms is excretion.

Option C is correct.

6. Movement/ propulsion are features that are not common to living things and most machines.

Option B is correct.

7.  Large size has been least important to human evolutionary success?

Option B is correct.

8. The characteristic that is present in humans but not all other mammal species is vocal cords

Option D is correct

9. The Aedes mosquito transmits the dengue virus. The role of the mosquito is pathogen and the virus is a vector.

Option B is correct.

10. The feature of humans is best helped by them being bipedal is locomotion

So, option B is correct.

11. Growth and development,

reproduction

made of cells, response to its environment,

adaptation

11b, all the characteristics shown above.

12a  respiration is the movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues, and the removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction that's to the environment.

12b, Irritability is a feeling of agitation that you might experience as a result of stress, mental health conditions, or physical disorders

12c, Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life.

13.  eyes is for sight

noses are for smell,

we listen with our ears,

we taste with our tongue,

and we touch with our skin.

Excretion is described as a process in which metabolic waste is eliminated from an organism.

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Answer: A. The molecules of the colored substance move randomly through the water, with the majority moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Explanation: When a substance is dissolved in water or any other substance, the molecules will move to an area they have not. When food coloring is placed in water, it moves to areas it hasn't touched because it has to expand.

Answer:

1. Clostridium Botulinum can only grow in the absence of oxygen.

2. Clostridium Botulinum grows and produces toxins in food prior to consumption.

If you are to discover a new species, the characteristics of the species that need to be included in each of the kingdoms include the following below:

This is referred to as a taxonomic rank that is composed of smaller groups called phyla.

They have their unique properties which is checked before the organisms are grouped under any of them. An example is kingdom animalia which is  eukaryotic, multicellular, and has no cell wall.

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The statement which represents a negative effect of genetic drift is that it involves the loss of diversity within a population. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.

Genetic drift may be defined as a type of non-directional and random fluctuation in which allele frequencies of a population may change over generations due to chance or sampling errors. It takes place in all populations of non-infinite size.

This type of evolutionary force arises through a genetic bottleneck which develops when a population undergoes a drastic reduction in population size. So, the loss of genotypes of diversity within the population is one of the major negative effects of genetic drift.

Therefore, the correct option for this question is C.

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Answer: Because whale swims and femur is not required in this.

Explanation:

Sometimes, parts of the body that were useful to our ancestors no longer are in our bodies. These structures, like the pelvis and femur in whales, are proof that natural selection over time allowed us to evolve from ancestors who possessed different characteristics.

Whales' femur and pelvis are regarded as vestigial structures. These buildings were passed down from relatives who used them, but they are no longer in use. Animals that once walked on land have given rise to whales.

For this reason, their forebears need a pelvis and femur bones. Whales have these structures today, but they did not develop the ability to swim, despite the fact that they do.

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Answer:

30

Explanation:

4,470,000,000 is 4.47 billion years

half-life of uranium-238 is 4.468 billion years

60 divided by 2 is 30

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After approximately 4,470,000,000 years, there would be approximately 30 uranium-238 atoms remaining from the initial 60 atoms as half-life of uranium-238 is approximately 4.5 billion years.

To calculate the number of remaining uranium-238 atoms after a given time,

N = N0 × [tex](1/2)^(^t^ /^ T^)[/tex]

Where: N = Number of remaining atoms N0 = Initial number of atoms t = Time that has elapsed T = Half-life of the substance

In this case, N0 (initial number of atoms) is given as 60, T (half-life of uranium-238) is 4.5 billion years, and t (time elapsed) is 4,470,000,000 years.

Let's plug these values into the formula:

N = 60 ×[tex](1/2)^(^4^,^4^7^0^,^0^0^0,^0^0^0^/^4,^5^0^0^,^0^0^0,^0^0^0^)[/tex]

Calculating this,

N ≈ 60× [tex](1/2)^0^.^9^9^3^3[/tex]

N ≈ 60 × 0.5005

N ≈ 30.03

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Seed shape and seed color these two traits did Mendel cross in the first dihybrid test.

Hence, Option A is the correct answer.

A mating experiment between two organisms that are equally hybrid for two traits is referred to as a dihybrid cross. A heterozygous organism is one that possesses two distinct alleles at a single genetic location or locus.

Mendel used a dihybrid cross to combine two contradictory features, such as the color and form of seeds, for breeding purposes. He selected the round yellow seed and the wrinkled green seed and crossed them.

In the F1 generation, he only succeeded in getting round yellow seeds. This demonstrated that seeds are often spherical and yellow in color in the natural world. While seeds' wrinkled appearance and green color are recessive characteristics. F1 offspring was later self-pollinated. Four different seed combinations in F2 were produced as a result.

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The statement Mendelian inheritance concerns the genetic traits of domesticated plants and animals, while non-Mendelian inheritance concerns human genetic traits is true (Option C).

Gregor Mendel was a Hungarian botanist who performed different crosses between pure lines of pea plants, which led him to develop a series of hypotheses that are nowadays laws in the genetic field.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that Gregor Mendel discovered several inheritance laws by working with pea plants and these discoveries can be applied to plant genetics, animal genetics and also to humans.

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Answer: Which of these is NOT a sex-linked disorder?

D. codominance

Explanation:

The correct answer is optionD. Codominance. Codominance is not a sex-linked disorder. Sex-linked disorders are genetic conditions that are associated with genes located on the sex chromosomes (X and Y). Option A, muscular dystrophy, and option C, hemophilia, are both examples of sex-linked disorders. These conditions are more commonly seen in males because the genes for these disorders are carried on the X chromosome, and males only have one X chromosome. Option B, color blindness, is also a sex-linked disorder. It is caused by a mutation in the genes on the X chromosome. However, option D, codominance, is not a sex-linked disorder. Codominance refers to a situation where both alleles of a gene are expressed equally in the phenotype of an individual. It is not specifically related to the sex chromosomes.

Answer:

Mutations, the changes in the sequences of genes in DNA, are one source of genetic variation. Another source is gene flow, or the movement of genes between different groups of organisms. Finally, genetic variation can be a result of sexual reproduction, which leads to the creation of new combinations of genes.

A common misconception of evolution is that it is when apes stood up and developed into humans (option D).

Evolution is the transformation of animals, plants and other living things into different forms (now understood as a change in genetic composition) by the accumulation of changes over successive generations.

The theory of evolution is based on the idea that all species are related and gradually change over time.

Charles Darwin, who developed evolution, proposed a theory which states that evolution happens by natural selection. Darwin published his theory of evolution in the origin of species where he presented evidence to support this theory that all life on earth evolved from a common ancestor.

Therefore, option D is a misconception of evolution.

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Answer: (1) The pupil of an eye decreases in size in bright light.

Explanation: When the light hits the eye, it stimulates the pupil to contract.

The Galápagos Islands have a distinctive island ecosystem because of environmental factors. Despite being close to the equator, the Galápagos Islands benefit from cool ocean currents.

The highest point in the Galapagos Islands, Wolf Volcano, is situated on Isabela Island. The mountain has a 5,600-foot peak (1,707 meters). It is named for a German geologist from the 19th century and is a shield volcano as well.

The steep mountainous terrain of the Galápagos Islands was shaped by several volcanic eruptions. Most people recognize the Galápagos for their wide variety of plant and animal species. Numerous species are endemic, which implies they can only be found in certain specific areas.

Being on the equator, the climate in the Galapagos Islands does not change significantly throughout the year. The Islands' climate is most appropriately categorized as subtropical. 

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The action of muscle 3 elevates the shoulder joint, abducts, and rotates the scapula.

What is scapula?

The scapula is a bone with a flat, triangular form. It is situated on the dorsal side of the rib cage in the upper thoracic area. It forms the shoulder joint by joining with the humerus at the glenohumeral joint and the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint.

The scapula is a crucial bone for the shoulder joint's proper operation. It engages in six different motions, including protraction, retraction, elevation, depression, upward rotation, and downward rotation, all of which enable full-functional movement of the upper extremities. The scapula covers the posterior upper chest, including the underlying nerves and blood arteries, in addition to stabilizing the other bones involved in rotating the shoulder.

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Answer:

Carbon gets removed by a number of 65 GtC each year from the ocean and land plants.

Explanation:

The antelope population has a negative population growth rate. So, the birth rate + immigration rate of the population will be less than the death rate and emigration rate. Thus, the correct option is C.

Population growth rate is the increase or decrease in the number of individuals in a population or a dispersed group. Population growth depends upon several factors which include:

1. Birth rate: It is the total number of new births in a population. It increases the population growth.

2. Death rate: It is the total number of deaths in a population. It decreases the population growth.

3. Immigration: It is the entry of new individuals through migration into a population. It increases the population growth.

4. Emigration: It is the removal or migration of individuals from a population. It decreases the population growth.

Thus, a population with negative population growth rate will have birth rate and immigration less than the death rate and emigration rate.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

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Answer:

but,

Answer:

D Air.

Explanation:

All the other options are needed for food except air.

The reaction satisfies the Law of Conservation of Matter because the number of each type of atom is the same in the products and reactants.

The above given statement is true.

What is the "Law of Conservation of Matter"?

The "Law of Conservation of Matter" states that "matter can neither be created nor be destroyed". In other words, the total mass of an isolated system remains constant over time, as mass is neither created nor destroyed. This law applies to all types of matter, including atoms, molecules, and energy.

What are Atoms?

Atoms are basically the basic building blocks of matter. They are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons and are the smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of that element. Atoms are the fundamental units of chemistry and form the basis of all matter in the universe.

Therefore the option that is true is Option B.

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The graph shows the projected increase in the world population and the projected changes in the populations of individual continents: (A) Earth's population will increase quickly because the graph is between millions of people and world population growth.

Any whole group that shares at least one trait is referred to be a population. Populations are more than simply individuals. Populations may include—but are not restricted to—people, animals, organizations, structures, houses of worship, automobiles, farms, and other things or occasions.

Rapid population growth makes it more difficult for low- and lower-middle-income nations to finance the per capita rise in public spending required to eradicate poverty, end hunger and malnutrition, and assure universal access to health care, education, and other important services.

The current world population of 7.6 billion is expected to reach 8.6 billion in 2030, and 9.8 billion in 2050 according to the UN.

Thus, we can conclude that the earth's population will increase quickly.

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Phospholipids compose the cell membrane, arranged as a bilayer. Their heads can be in contact with water. Their tails are against each other in the interior of the membrane. Structure D represents the lipidic bilayer.

The cell membrane is composed of a lipidic bilayer, cholesterol, proteins, and glucans incrusted in between.

Lipidic bilayer

The lipidic bilayer is composed of phospholipids.

Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Cholesterol

These molecules are incrusted in the membrane between the hydrophobic tails of lipids.

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates associate with lipids and proteins to compose glycolipids and glycoproteins.

They are mostly located in the external lipidic monolayer, facing the cell exterior.

In the image, structure D is representing the lipidic bilayer.

We can identify

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The digestion of starch carbohydrate is initiated in mouth due to the action of starch digesting enzyme ptyalin or salivary amylase present in saliva secreted by salivary glands. Enzymatic hydrolysis helps in the partial breakdown of starch (polysaccharide) into maltose and isomaltose (disaccharides) and small dextrins called 'limit' dextrins. Nearly 30% of the starch is hydrolysed in the oral cavity because of the shorter time the food is retained here

due to the action of starch the carbohydrate digestion occurs first in mouth

Organisms capable of sexual reproduction are diploid. Humans only have haploid cells in the egg and sperm.

Reproduction is defined as the process by which new organisms (offspring) of the same sort are created. It contributes to evolution by generating variants through genetic recombination. The ecosystem's species diversity is aided by it.

Two complete sets (2n) of chromosomes are present in diploid cells. A haploid cell only has one complete pair of chromosomes and has half as many chromosomes (n) as a diploid cell.

Thus, organisms capable of sexual reproduction are diploid. Humans only have haploid cells in the egg and sperm.

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