What happened when force was applied to the ionic crystal? describe interactions between the ions within the crystal.

(a) The pressure of the gas if warmed to 100 °C at constant volume will be 0.743 atm.

(b) The pressure of the gas if the volume is increased to 7.00-L at constant temperature will be 0.016 atm.

(c) The temperature if the volume is decreased to 1.30-L at constant pressure will be -33.9 °C.

(d) If the amount of gas is doubled, the volume needed to maintain the pressure at 0.113 atm and the temperature at 21 °C will be 5.00-L.

What is Hydrogen?

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, accounting for approximately 75% of all matter. It is a non-toxic, colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas.

Hydrogen is the lightest element and the most basic of all atoms, with one proton and one electron. It is extremely flammable and, when combined with oxygen, can result in the formation of water and other compounds. Many everyday items, such as fertiliser, plastics, and fuel, contain hydrogen. It's also used as a fuel source in fuel cells, which can generate both electricity and heat.

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The equilibrium law for the nuclide is 0.388 days per one, according to the announcement.

By nuclide, what do you mean?

The amount of protons, protons, and the activity state of nucleus determine the species of atom known as a nuclide, also known as a nuclear species. Thus, a nuclide is identified by its number of protons and mass number (A) (Z).

A nuclide is similar to but distinct from an atom or a nucleus. It has several nucleons, which define it. Nuclide, to put it simply, is a type of atom or nucleus. We characterize it using the elements that make up its nucleus, as well as the quantity of protons, neutron, and energy.

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Soaps form micelles when added to water and can be used to remove dirt or grease from surfaces. The dirt or grease molecules get trapped inside the micelle and can be easily washed away using water.The core of a micelle is formed by hydrocarbon chains.

A chemical substance that is solely made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms is referred to be a hydrocarbon. Crude oil, natural gas, coal, and other significant energy sources are all made of hydrocarbons, which are substances that exist in nature.

The body's ability to absorb complex fats and fat-soluble vitamins depends on the creation of micelles. Micelles of fatty acids can develop thanks to the bile salts that the gall bladder and liver produce and exude.

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Pipeline transportation is only available for specialist goods like liquids and gases.

Delicate, invisible particles that are constant motion and layer on top of one another make up liquids. The particles are held together by cohesive forces, yet they are not firmly adhered to one another as in a solid. Despite touching one another, the particles can still pass freely one another.

An liquid is still a sample of stuff that adopts the shape of the container it is stored in and develops a defined surface when gravity is present. The state, or situation, of substance having this attribute is also referred to as liquid.

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In aerobic respiration, nadh is oxidized at complex I during electron transport in the chain, while fadh2 is oxidized at complex II.

GitHub created and maintains the open-source, free software framework known as Electron. The framework is made to enable the development of desktop web apps with a backend running on the Node.js runtime environment and being rendered using a variant of the Chromium browser engine. Unbound or bound to an atom, an electron seems to be a negative charge subatomic particle (not bound). The proton, neutron, and the electron that is attached to an atom are the three main types of particles.

JavaScript, HTML, and CSS can be used to create desktop applications using the Electron framework. With Electron, you can build cross-platform programs that run on Windows, macOS, and Linux with no prior knowledge of native development by incorporating Chromium and Node.js into its binary.

The electron, the smallest elemental part of an atom, has a negative charge. Protons and electrons both occur in equal numbers in neutral atoms. One electron and one proton are all that the hydrogen atom has. On the other hand, the uranium atom has 92 protons, which means 92 electrons.

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c. [Kr]5s^2 5p^6  electron configuration of xenon with the abbreviation of the previous noble gas to represent inner-shell electrons.

Xenon is a rare, inert, colorless, tasteless, and chemically inert gas. Before Neil Bartlett reported on the synthesis of xenon haxafluoroplatinate in 1962, it was thought to be entirely inert. When stimulated by an electrical discharge, xenon produces blue light within a gas-filled tube. There are not many commercial applications for xenon.

The smallest atom-building block, the electrons has a negative charge. A neutral atom has an equal amount of protons and electrons. For instance, the hydrogen atom only has one proton and one electron.

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According to Dalton's Atomic Theory, the individual elements making up the compound has a fixed ratio. This law is known as the Law of Definite Proportions. Obeying this law, the number of hydrogen to oxygen should be a constant, so we can use ratio and proportion.

The ratio can be determined from the molecular formula of methyl tert-butyl ether:  C5H12O. This is the correct molecular formula of the compound. To check, try searching it in the internet. From the molecular formula, we can see that there are 5 carbons in every 12 hydrogens and in every 1 oxygen. So, the hydrogen to oxygen ratio is 12/1. Applying ratio and proprotion,

12/1 = 0.0723 moles of hydrogen/x, where x is the amount of moles oxygen. Solving for x,

x = 0.006025 moles of oxygen

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The average molecular speed at 25°C is: CO₂ < O₂ < N₂ < He.

The speed associated with atom collecting is typical. The particles in an ideal gas do not interact with one another. There are three kinds of molecular speeds: rms (root mean square) velocity, average velocity, and most likely velocity.

A gas's average speed is determined by its molar mass; the smaller the mass, the quicker the average speed.

Average molecular speed is inversely proportional to molar mass.

So, if molar mass is large, average velocity will be small.

Now, order of molar mass is: He < N₂ < O₂ < CO₂

So, order of average speed will be: CO₂ < O₂ < N₂ < He.

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The pH of a weak base solution at 0.24M is 10.962.

A measurement of a solution's acidity or alkalinity that is equal to the common logarithm of the reciprocal of the amount of hydrogen ions present in the solution in moles per cubic decimeter. A pH of 7 refers to pure water, a pH of less than 7 to acid solutions, and a pH of more than 7 to alkaline solutions.

A good balance of acidity and alkalinity is something that the human body is designed to do on its own. The kidneys and lungs play a significant role in this process. On a scale of 0 to 14, where 0 is the most acidic and 14 is the most alkaline.

Breif:

Kb = 3.5X 10^ —6

Concentration, C= 0.24M

Since it's basic solution, there will be OH ^-

But,[ OH-] = √KbC

= √(3.5×10−6 X 0.24 ) = 9.1652 X10^ —4

[OH- ] = 9.1652 X10^ —4

POH = -log[OH- ]

= -log (9.1652 X10^ —4) = 3.038

POH = 3.038

From PH + pOH =14, PH = 14 - pOH

PH = 14 — 3.038 = 10.962

pH = 10.962

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A cup of hot coffee initially at 95ºc cools to 80ºc in 5 min while sitting in a room of temperature 21ºc. using just newton’s law of cooling, determine when the temperature of the coffee will be a nice 50ºc

In 10 minutes the hot coffee will attain the temperature of 50 degrees Celsius.

Initially the hot cup of coffee at the temperature of 95 degrees Celsius but after 5 minutes its temperature decreases from 95 to 85 degrees Celsius which is 15 degrees Celsius decrease so in other 5 minutes, the temperature decreases to 65 degrees Celsius.

Again after 5 minutes the temperature will further decrease finally the cup of coffee attain the temperature of 50 degrees Celsius so we can conclude that in 10 minutes the hot coffee will gain the 50 degrees Celsius temperature.

According to Newton's Law of cooling, the charge of loss of heat from a body is immediately proportional to the difference in the temperature of the frame and its surroundings.

The price, wherein a frame that is uncovered, modifications the temperature thru radiation is about proportional to the difference among the item's temperature and its environment, and the furnished difference is low. that is called Newton's law of cooling.

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The rate equation illustrates how altering the reactant concentrations affect the rate of the reaction. All of these are incorporated into the so-called rate constant, which is only really constant if the only variable changing is the reactant concentration.

The rate constant is the quantity that describes the connection between the molar concentration of the reactants and the rate of the chemical reaction. At 546 K, the hydrocarbon breakdown rate constant is 2.418 105 s1.

The slower the reaction is at a given temperature, the greater the Ea. The steric factor is the percentage of orientations that cause a response. The Arrhenius equation has a relationship between the rate constant and the frequency factor, steric factor, and activation energy: k=AeEa/RT.

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Answer:

Nitrogen (N)

Atomic number – 7

mass number – 14

Electronic configuration – 2,5

Explanation:

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3[tex]Sr^{2+}[/tex](aq) +    6Cl- (aq) + 6Na+ (aq) +  2PO43-(aq) → Sr3(PO4)2(s)  +   6Na+ (aq) + 6Cl- (aq) is the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction when strontium chloride and sodium phosphate are mixed in aqueous solution.

When the general reaction equation of any reaction is represented by dissociating its ions is know as ionic equation.

Strontium chloride and sodium phosphate are mixed in aqueous solution to react.

To find:

The balanced net ionic equation for the given statement.

So,

first the general reaction equation for the given Statement is given below

3SrCl2 (aq)   + 2Na3PO4(aq) → Sr3(PO4)2(s)    + 6 NaCl(aq)

Now, we dissociate the ions to get the ionic equation for the same given reaction for the statement provided above:

So the net ionic equation for the same is :

3[tex]Sr^{2+}[/tex](aq) +  6Cl- (aq) + 6Na+ (aq) +  2PO43-(aq) → Sr3(PO4)2(s)  + 6Na+ (aq) + 6Cl- (aq)

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The equilibrium constant of the reverse reaction is 0.394.

It is given that the equilibrium constant for the forward reaction is 2.54. Then the equilibrium constant of the reverse reaction is calculated by taking the reciprocal of the equilibrium constant of the forward reaction. This is given by,

K reverse = 1/K forward

On Substituting we get,

K reverse = 1/2.54

K reverse = 0.394

Therefore, the equilibrium constant of the reverse reaction is 0.394.

Generally, the equilibrium of a chemical reaction is given by the equal concentrations of reactant and the product during the reaction. This can be  expressed as,

The concentration of reactants = concentration of products

Therefore the equilibrium constant of the reactant side will be reciprocal of the product side.

The reaction side is the forward reaction and the product side is the reverse reaction.

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Specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius of one gram of a substance. Therefore, student a and student b are correct.

Enthalpy term is basically used in thermodynamics to show the overall energy that a matter have. Mathematically, Enthalpy is directly proportional to specific heat capacity of a substances.

Mathematically,

q = n ×ΔH

where

q = amount of heat

n = no of moles

ΔH = enthalpy

n = w / M.M

Both students are correct as energy can be positive as well as negative. Any reaction in which energy is added, energy value comes out to be positive and reaction is called endothermic reaction. Any reaction in which energy is released, energy value comes out to be negative and reaction is called exothermic reaction.

Therefore, student a and student b are correct.

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At constant pressure, 0.279 kg of of heat are produced if 13.8 ml of got its start m lead(ii) nitrate interacts and 90.0 ml of stars m chloride, releasing 23.3 kJ.

An easy way to demonstrate pressure is to put a knife against some fruit. If you place the flat part of the blade against the fruit, the skin won't be cut. A large area is covered either by energy (low pressure).

The physiological force applied to an object is referred to as pressure. Per unit area, a perpendicular force is delivered to a surface of the objects. F/A seems to be the primary formula for pressure (Force per unit area). Pascals are a pressure unit (Pa).

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The complete question is-

When 13.8 mL of 0.870 M lead(II) nitrate reacts with 90.0 mL of 0.777 M sodium chloride,0.279 kJ of heat is released at constant pressure.

What is ΔH° for this reaction?

Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaCl(aq) → PbCl2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)

(a). 23.3kJ

(b). 8kJ

(c). 1.84kJ

(d). 3.41kJ

(e). 4kJ

The partial pressure of each component is based on its mole fraction and the given total pressure: PO2=0.622×565 mm Hg=351 mm HgPN2=0.378×565 mm Hg=214 mm.

The partial pressure of N2 N2when the partial pressure of He is 24751 should be 7.47 atm.

What is Partial Pressure?

In a gas mixture, each constituent gas has a partial pressure equal to the notional pressure of its constituent gases as if they alone occupied the entire volume of the original mixture at the same temperature.

Therefore, The partial pressure of each component is based on its mole fraction and the given total pressure: PO2=0.622×565 mm Hg=351 mm HgPN2=0.378×565 mm Hg=214 mm.

The partial pressure of N2 N2when the partial pressure of He is 24751 should be 7.47 atm.

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A tank holding 4.00 moles of helium gas at 77 °C has a pressure of 4.20 atm. the tank in liters is 27.33 L

given that :

moles of the helium gas = 4 mol

temperature of helium ga = 77 °C = 77 + 273 = 350 K

pressure of the helium gas = 4.20 atm

using the ideal gas equation , we get :

P V = n R T

V = n R T / P

V = (4 × 0.082 × 350 ) / 4.20

V = 27.33 L

Thus, the volume of the helium gas is 27.33 L.

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The energy gap between the 2s & 2p orbitals widens from boron to fluorine due to the difference in the nucleus's attraction for 2s and 2p.

As would be expected, the energy gap between the 2s and 2p orbitals in atoms like Li, Be, B, C, and N is quite small, which causes the 2s and 2pz orbitals in the diatomic molecule that results from mixing these atoms to overlap. We refer to this as "2s-2p mixing." This causes the energy of 2pz to rise, surpassing that of 2px and 2py, which is not the case for oxygen and fluorine.

Hence, diatomic molecule on s-p mixing result energy gap.

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Answer:

they're good I guess

Explanation:

different

Around the centre beryllium atom, there are two zones of electron density that will arrange themselves in a linear geometry. There must be two unhybridized p orbitals in BeCl2 since beryllium must be sp hybridised.

The areas of electron density are corresponding to hybridised orbitals. The number of unhybridized p orbitals can be calculated by deducting the number of electron density regions from the maximum number of hybridised 1s and 3p orbitals, which is 4.

What is the unhybridized orbital?

The common atomic orbitals that we are familiar with are those that are not hybridised. Orbitals that are hybridised are made up of a variety of unhybridized orbitals. These orbitals aid in determining the shape of molecules by illuminating the actual bonding process.

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There are 8 atoms in total in one molecule of H3PO4.

There are 3 atoms of hydrogen, 1 atom of phosphorous and 4 atoms of oxygen in the one molecule of this compound, which is called hydrogen phosphate.

The charge number of an atomic nucleus is known as the atomic number or nuclear charge number (sign Z) of a chemical element. This is equivalent to the proton number (np), or the number of protons present in the nucleus of every atom of that element, for conventional nuclei. Ordinary chemical elements can be uniquely identified by their atomic number. The atomic number and the number of electrons are both equal in a typical, uncharged atom.

The total number of atoms in one molecule can be calculated as :

= 3 (H) + 1 (P) + 4(O)

=8 atoms in total

Therefore, there are 8 atoms in total in one molecule of H3PO4.

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As octane is burned in a calorimeter, the amount of energy released by the system is 10,533.6 J.

A calorimeter refers to a device used in the process of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes and heat capacity. It measures the volume and heat released during a certain time interval. The heat energy q which is absorbed or released from a reaction can be determined using total mass m, specific heat capacity c and temperature change ΔT which is given by:

q = mcΔT.

According to the provided information,

The total mass, m = 10g + 200g = 210g

The specific heat capacity of water, c = 4.18 J/°C g

The change in temperature, ΔT = 37 – 25 = 12°

Hence, the heat energy released is:

q = 210 × 12 × 4.18 = 10, 533.6 J

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Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with fractional bond orders.

What is resonance hybrid?

A resonance hybrid is a substance that exhibits resonance and has a structure that is stated as the average of two or more structural formulas, each of which is separated from the next by a double-headed arrow. For instance, benzene.

It is possible to explain the equal bond lengths using the resonance hybrid of this polyatomic ion, which was created from its various resonance structures.

Therefore, Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with fractional bond orders.

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What is Stoichiometry?

Stoichiometry is the relationship between two substances through use of ratios.

To answer these questions, you must use the ratio:

1 mol of a substance      

6.022 × 10²³ molecules

Let's try the first question:

9.25 × 10³⁴ molecules H₂O     ×         1 mol H₂O        

                                                 6.022 × 10²³ molecules

The molecules will cancel out, leaving you with

9.25 × 10³⁴ mol

6.022 × 10²³ mol

Use your calculator to solve:  1.536 × 10¹¹ mol H₂O

Now, follow this same format to solve the rest of the questions:

2) 4.51 × 10¹⁵ molecules Al      ×       1 mol Al      

                                                 6.022 × 10²³ molecules

= 4.51 × 10¹⁵ mol Al

6.022 × 10²³ mol Al

= 7.489 × 10⁻⁹ mol Al

3) 3.78 × 10²⁰ molecules Li    ×         1 mol Li        

                                                 6.022 × 10²³ molecules

0.0006276 mol Li

_________________________________________________________

The circle's area changing when the radius of the oil slick is 20 m is 1256 m/min.

Given

[tex]\frac{d r}{d t}=10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{min}$$[/tex]

We have to find [tex]$\frac{d A}{d t}$[/tex] at r=20 metrs

Now [tex]$A=\pi r^2$[/tex]

[tex]$\frac{d A}{d t}=2 \pi r \frac{d r}{d t}$[/tex]

At [tex]$\mathrm{r}=20 \mathrm{~m}$[/tex]

[tex]$\frac{d A}{d t}=2 \pi \times 20 \times 10=400 \pi$[/tex]

[tex]$\frac{d A}{d t}=1256$[/tex]

Answer [tex]$1256 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{min}$[/tex]

The radius of a circle is the separation between any two points on its circumference. R or r is typically used to indicate it. a line segment connecting a circle, sphere, or object's centre to its perimeter or bounding surface. The circle's centre is where the diameter, which is a straight line, lies. Half of the diameter makes up the radius. It begins at one of the circle's points and comes to a conclusion there.

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The percent yield of the reaction is 65.7%.

Considering the equation:

2H₂(g)+O₂(g)⟶2H₂O(l)

Assuming there is an oversupply of oxygen, 2 moles of hydrogen will result in 2 moles of water.

We must determine theoretical yield in order to determine the reaction's percent yield (The yield assuming all hydrogen reacts producing water). We can calculate percent yield as 100 times the ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield using theoretical yield and actual yield (32.8g H₂O).

Theoretical yield-

5.58 mol of H₂:

5.58g H₂ times 1 mol/2.016g equals 2.768 moles of H₂.

If all hydrogen interacts, it will result in 2.768 moles of H₂O since 2 moles of H₂ generate 2 moles of H₂O. By weight:

(18.015g / mol) x 2.768 moles H₂O =

the theoretical yield is 49.86g H₂O

Yield percentage:

Actual yield divided by theoretical yield multiplied by 100 equals the percent yield.

32.8g H₂O / 49.86g ₓ 100 =65.7%

The percentage yield of the reaction is 65.7%

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The characteristics of the acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene is the characteristics of the acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene

The net addition of water across the double bond can convert alkenes to alcohol. This change can be attained in a number of different ways. Hydration of alkene  is the process of adding water to alkenes in a definite amount to convert alkene to alcohol. This method is often used for the preparation of alcohol from alkene.

The acid catalyst dissociates to give a H+ ion in solution - this H+ can be shown alone, but is typically attached to water to form an H3O+ hydronium ion.

Reaction undergoes carbocation rearrangement due to carbocation intermediates

The carbocation intermediate is a sp2 hybridised molecule. This allows water to attack the top or bottom of the racemic product.

This is a solvolytic reaction in which the solvent (water) is involved in the reaction.

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The heat gained or lost by the calorimeter, q cal, is determined from the formula, qcal = Ccal×Δt, where Δt is the change in temperature undergone by the mixture.

Calorimetry is the study or practice of monitoring changes in a body's state variables for the goal of determining the heat transfer associated with those changes, such as those brought on by chemical reactions, physical changes, or phase transitions, within certain bounds.

q = msp heatt, where q = heat quantity, expressed in joules (J). 1 degree C Mass, expressed in grams, is K. m. t = °C or K of temperature change. The amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of a specified quantity of a substance by one degree is known as the heat capacity, or C, of the substance.

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