In this activity, students learn about the Human Genome Project. They do an interactive Web activity which simulates the process scientists use to determine the sequence of chromosomal DNA bases. Then they learn how two teams of scientists raced to decode the human genome. Next they explore a stretch of sequenced DNA on the Web to learn about the function of different sections of DNA code. They learn how knowledge of the human genome is being applied to medicine. They also learn about genetic variation among humans and between humans and other species. Finally, they assess what they have learned about the Human Genome Project by playing a game of Jeopardy.
Objectives
Learn about the purpose and work of the Human Genome Project
Describe the process of sequencing human DNA
Understand the functions of different stretches of code on a chromosome
Recognize the similarity in the genetic code among humans and between humans and other species
Learn how the Human Genome Project can contribute to curing diseases
Suggested Time
1-2 class periods
Multimedia Resources
Human Genome Project QuickTime Video
Sequence for Yourself Flash Interactive
The Sequencing Race Begins QuickTime Video
Explore a Stretch of Code Shockwave Interactive
HIV Immunity QuickTime Video
Genetic Variation QuickTime Video
Genome Facts HTML Document
Jeopardy Game Show PDF Document
Extract Human DNA from Cheek Cells HTML Document
Use these resources to create a simple assessment or video-based assignment with the Lesson Builder tool on PBS LearningMedia.
Materials
Jeopardy Game Show (PDF) review
Before the Lesson
Review the concepts of and relationships between DNA, genes, proteins, chromosomes, and traits.
After the Lesson
Do a wet lab in which students extract their own DNA from a cheek cell (see Extract Human DNA from Cheek Cells activity).
The Lesson
Part I
1. Show the Human Genome Project video. Discuss the following:
What does the Human Genome Project decode?
How is that code represented?
What has the project revealed about the differences between humans and bananas?
What questions does the Human Genome Project raise for you?
2. Now have students explore the DNA sequencing process by doing the Web activity Sequence for Yourself. Use the following questions to elicit student responses, either in writing or as part of a whole-class discussion:
Why does the DNA have to be cut into pieces? How is this done?
How are DNA copies made in the lab?
How do primers and special fluorescent nucleotides help determine the DNA sequences?
How does the overlapping of DNA segments allow the entire sequence of a DNA molecule to be read?
3. Show video The Sequencing Race Begins. Ask:
What is the process for sequencing the human genome?
How has the way scientists read the genetic code changed in recent years?
Why is the map of the human genome considered only the beginning of the Human Genome Project?
4. Have students Explore a Stretch of Code and take notes as they do it. Then ask the following and discuss as a class:
What does the majority of the DNA in chromosomes code for?
What is the role of gene promoters like TATA boxes?
How does the "machinery" of the cell know where to begin reading the gene?
What are exons, and what is their function in the chromosomes?
What are introns, and what do they do? What happens to them when DNA is transcribed into mRNA?
What are the roles of "hitchhiking" and ancient code in human DNA, and where did they come from?
How alike is the DNA from two different humans?
What is a gene, and what role do genes play in the human body?
5. Show the video HIV Immunity to examine some of the benefits of mapping the human genome. Ask:
What are outliers, and what is their value in understanding disease?
How can a genetic mutation be advantageous?
How is the knowledge of mutations being used to combat the HIV virus?
6. Show the video Genetic Variation and discuss the following:
Whose genes are being sequenced in the two human genome projects?
Are these genes representative of the human species? Why or why not?
What is the percentage of genetic difference between any two humans?
What does the similarity of basic functions between different organisms indicate?
7. Finally, have students read the Genome Facts document. Have students use these facts and what they have learned about the Human Genome Project to create a series of answers and questions for a Jeopardy quiz show. (
When a virus or bacterium is used to transfer a piece of foreign dna to host cell it’s known as a
A. Vector
B.transgenic
C.clone
D. Hybrid
3. After learning about chemical reactions, Olivia investigated different
kinds of chemical changes using substances she found in her kitchen
so she could see these changes. Which of the following can occur when
a chemical reaction takes place? Choose the three statements that
apply.
Answer:
ABC
Explanation:
Lets say baking soda and vinegar when they react there is a chemical reaction where bonds break and from changing it into a new compound no longer just baking soda and vinegar.
What is the function of the Cornea?
Answer:
The function of the cornea is it acts as the eye's outermost lens. It functions like a window that controls and focuses the entry of light into the eye. The cornea contributes between 65- 75 percent of the eye's total focusing power.
Explanation:
A chemical which consists of just one kind of atom is always:
a molecule
an element
a mineral
a rock
please help! Out of the 100 cells shown, how many are in the process of dividing?
Answer:
I think 7 cells are going to divide
Answer:
13?
explanation
If you are studying a gene within DNA and find out that guanine makes up 41% of it, how much is Adenine?
(GIVING BRAINLIEST!!)
Which reservoir is found underground in the cracks and spaces in the soil, sand, and rock?
A) Glaciers
B) Ground water
C) Polar ice caps
D) Rivers
Explain Why
Answer:
ground water
Explanation:
Mitosis creates how many daughter cells
If prey are keeping predator population sizes in check then we would consider this interaction to be
O prey abusing their position of power! Throw the bums out! Vote predator!
O top-down control
O carrying capacity control
O bottom-up control
below control
Answer:
The correct answer is C
(Bubble #3)
When a chemical change occurs, the identity of matter does not change.
True or False?
Answer:
true because matter can't dissapear or be created
Answer:
False
Explanation: Chemical changes are changes that occur when one substance is turned into another substance. The particles of one substance are rearranged to form a new substance.
Mushroom rocks are formed by ___________________
Answer:
wind erosion
Explanation:
The rocks are deformed in a number of different ways: by erosion and weathering, glacial action, or from a sudden disturbance. Mushroom rocks are related to, but different from, yardang. A mushroom rock, rock pedestal, or gour is a typical mushroom-shaped landform that is formed by the action of wind erosion.
mushroom rocks are corn as fungi
please help its 6th grade science
Answer:
CAR C
Explanation:
I think
High salinity, or salt content, is a problem for many soils. Which of the
following best describes the relationship between high levels of salt and
environmental water such as rainwater?
A. High salinity results in too little water.
B. High salinity results in too much water.
C. Too much water results in high salinity.
O D. Too little water results in high salinity.
SUBMIT
Answer:
D. Too little water results in high salinity
Answer:
Too little water results in high salinity.
Explanation:
I just did the quiz and I got it right.
You would most likely find ants living in hollow spaces without causing harm to the plant in which of the following?
A)
epiphytes
B)
browses
C)
myrmecophytes
D)
folivores
E)
hedgerows
Answer: The correct option is C.
myrmecophytes.
Explanation:
This is because ants and myrmecophytes have mutualistic relationship in which the plants provide food, and accomodation to the ants through the structural adaptations of plants like dormatia, fruiting bodies, nectaries flowers. The ants inturn ahelp the myrmecophyte in pollination, seed dispersal, to defend it against Intruders and also help it to gather nutrients.
define biomass plzzzzzzzzzz
Answer:
the total mass of organisms in a specific area or volume
Explanation:
hope this helps!!
The ovaries,cervix, uterus, fallopian tube, and vagina belong to the same.
a.cell
b.tissue
c.organ
d.organ system
Answer: organ system
Explanation: the all belong to the female reproductive system
If an organism converts energy in the environment into food, what is the ecological role
of the organism?
Answer:
I'm guessing that's a decomposer.
Explanation:
Decomposers like mushrooms use dead animals, plants, and nutrients in their environment to make their own food.
5: What does water have to do with our metabolism?
Answer:
Studies have shown that drinking 17 ounces (0.5 liters) of water increases resting metabolism by 10–30% for about an hour ( 22 , 23 ). This calorie-burning effect may be even greater if you drink cold water, as your body uses energy to heat it up to body temperature ( 21 , 24 ). Water can also help fill you up.
Answer:
Studies have shown that drinking 17 ounces (0.5 liters) of water increases resting metabolism by 10–30% for about an hour ( 22 , 23 ). This calorie-burning effect may be even greater if you drink cold water, as your body uses energy to heat it up to body temperature ( 21 , 24 ). Water can also help fill you up.
Explanation:
Hope this helps.
What are some living and non living things that change mountains over time?
Answer:
Rocks are important to the mountain ecosystem they can provide homes for animals like Pika and Ermine. Pika and Ermine can live in stacks of rocks. Soil is also important, it can provide homes for example Ermine can live in burrows. Another non living thing that helps the mountain ecosystem is water.
Explanation:
Why are green plants considered producers?
Green plants directly absorb sunlight to make energy.
Green plants contain chlorophyll.
Decomposers consume green plants.
Green plants are eaten by secondary consumers.
Answer:
The organisms that are capable of preparing their own food from simple inorganic substances like carbon dioxide and water by using sunlight energy in the presence of chlorophyll are called producers. The green plants synthesize their own food through the process of photosynthesis and thus are called the producers.plants produce food for themselves, they are known as producers.In the experimental set up above there are bubbles being
produced. What gas would be inside the bubbles?
Answer:
carbon dioxide
Explanation:
. What is one major difference between mitosis and meiosis?
a. In meiosis, homologous chromosomes are separated, while in mitosis, sister chromosomes are
separated.
b. In mitosis, homologous chromosomes are separated, while in meiosis, both homologous
chromosomes and sister chromosomes are separated.
c. There are two cellular divisions in mitosis while only one in meiosis.
d. Mitosis is divided into Mitosis 1 and Mitosis 2 and is sexual reproduction.
What happens next after the ribosome reaches the start codon?
Answer:
tRNA molecules attach to codons.
please answer this my friend needs help and I want to help her
Answer:
d
Explanation:
During which phases of the cell cycle are chromosomes composed of two chromatids?
Answer:
The correct phases are S phase, prophase, anaphase.
Explanation:
The cell cycle, the sequence of events spanning the period from the completion of one cell division to the end of the next division, involves both the division of the cell nucleus (karyokinesis) and the division of the cytoplasm (cytokinesis). S phase, the next section of the interface, is marked by a dramatic increase in DNA synthesis and the synthesis of histones which are major cellular proteins bound to DNA. The cell is preparing for the start of mitosis. Chromosomes duplicate lengthwise, and each chromosome consists of two identical "chromatids."During prophase, the degree of packing of the chromatin increases, so the chromosomes become shorter and thicker and the centromeres begin to become visible. Each of the chromosomes, due to its duplication in S phase, is made up of two identical chromatids, called sister chromatids. Anaphase is the short phase, the sister chromatids begin to separate and migrate to the poles. Once the two chromatids separate, each is called a chromosome.
What was a goal of Confucianism? HURRY TEST
what is the advantage and disadvantage of the Ocotillo and Hummingbird relationship
Advantages:
The plant is an integral member of the regional desert ecosystem and native pollinators such as hummingbirds and carpenter bees consume ocotillo nectar for nutrients. The hummingbird and the ocotillo have an important plant-pollinator relationship, as the hummingbird relies upon the flowers for a nectar source.
The relationship between Ocotillo and Hummingbird is an example of a mutualistic relationship, which means that both species benefit from each other's presence.
What are the various advantages and disadvantages of the relationship ?The advantages and disadvantages of this relationship can be described as follows:
Advantages:
Ocotillo provides a source of nectar for hummingbirds, which is an important source of energy for their high metabolic rate.
Hummingbirds are efficient pollinators of Ocotillo flowers, which helps to ensure their reproduction and genetic diversity.
Ocotillo provides a nesting site for hummingbirds, where they can raise their young in safety from predators.
Disadvantages:
The relationship between Ocotillo and hummingbirds is specific and may not be beneficial to other species of plants or animals.
Ocotillo is adapted to living in arid environments and may not provide a suitable habitat for some other species of birds or animals.
If the population of either Ocotillo or hummingbirds were to decline significantly, it could affect the survival of the other species in the mutualistic relationship.
Overall, the advantages of the Ocotillo-Hummingbird relationship outweigh the disadvantages, and this mutualistic relationship is an important part of the ecosystem in which they both live.
Learn more about mutualism at :
https://brainly.com/question/13800737
#SPJ2
The photograph shows a community. What kind of community is shown?
A. A mountainous community
B. An agricultural community
C. A metropolitan community
D. A coastal community
How does low turgor pressure affect a plant?
This is worth 100 points. Please answer and do not skip over this question.
Humans often like to help wild animals. A marine biologist near the area where Anchor’s offspring are located has decided to feed them. He begins putting medicine in the food that keeps the pups from contracting infections common to sharks in the area. Because of this, nearly all of Anchor’s offspring survive to adulthood. Eventually, the marine biologist gets a job transfer and leaves the area. Predict what we may see in the following generation (Anchor’s grandpops). Will they still be fitter than other sharks?
Answer:
I would predict that the the following generation will have a large amount of pups that are eaten by the sharks.
This question seems like its asking about natural selection.
"Natural selection is the process when organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring"
Explanation:
If the marine biologist did not give the pups medicine in the first generation, the pups that were less fit or not adaptive to the enviroment to naturally survive the infections would have died. This would have prevented these pups from passing on their genes.
The next generation would consists of pups that are more immune to the sickness or more fit for their enviroment and might experiece less pups to die.