Answer:
A molecule consisting of a nitrogen-containing base ( adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine in DNA; adenine, guanine, uracil, or cytosine in RNA), a phosphate group, and a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA; ribose in RNA ).
Explanation:
Answer: A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate group.
Explanation:
all of the following occur during mitosis except a.the coiling of chromosomes. b.the formation of a spindle. c.the synthesis of dna. d.the degradation of the nuclear envelope.
The Synthesis of DNA do not occur during mitosis .
Mitosis is the process through which a mobile replicates its chromosomes and then segregates them, producing identical nuclei in coaching for cellular department. Mitosis is usually followed with the aid of equal department of the mobile's content into daughter cells which have equal genomes.
At some point of mitosis, a cell duplicates all of its contents, which includes its chromosomes, and splits to form identical daughter cells. because this procedure is so critical, the stairs of mitosis are cautiously controlled with the aid of certain genes.
It's far crucial that the daughter cells have a duplicate of each chromosome, so the procedure entails copying the chromosomes first after which cautiously isolating the copies to present each new cell a full set, before mitosis, the chromosomes are copied.
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rna viruses that infect animal cells always encode the enzymes needed to replicate their genomes because
Because host cells usually lack the appropriate enzymes, RNA Virus always encodes the enzymes needed to copy its genome.
Classification of Viruses Based on Nucleic Acid Type
Some viruses are classified based on the type of nucleic acid, including:
1. DNA viruses
DNA viruses are viruses in which the nucleic acid is DNA, for example parvovirus.
2. RNA viruses
RNA viruses are viruses in which the nucleic acid content is RNA, for example picornavirus.
UNDERSTANDING VIRUS
The word "virus" comes from the Latin word virion, which means poison. The virus itself is always developing from time to time, so you can say it is very difficult to die or disappear. In fact, it is possible that new viruses will appear which can sometimes make humans or other living things sick.
Viruses are part of microorganisms. Named part of microorganisms because they are living things with a size of only a few microns or maybe smaller than that, because 1 micron is equal to 0.001 mm. Based on the above understanding of viruses, it can be said that viruses are parasitic organisms, which require a host to survive. These microorganisms must find a host to reproduce, including through human cells.
Without hitching a ride onto its host's body, it cannot self-replicate. Some species of these organisms can even kill their host cells in order to reproduce. If it does not find a host, the virus cannot live for very long.
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which would be the route taken by lymph traveling from lymphatic vessels in the right leg to the bloodstream?
The left subclavian vein; the right lumbar trunk; the cisterna chyli; and the thoracic duct. blood from lymph system in the right leg.
What does the body's lymph do?Lymph: The excess fluid that leaks out of cells and tissues but is not recycled back into capillaries is what is referred to as lymph, also known as lymphatic fluid.
Lymph node cancer?A tumor of the lymph system, which is a component of the body's defense against infection, is lymphoma. The spleen, thymus gland, lymph (lymph glands), and bone marrow are all components of the lymphatic system. All of those locations, in addition to other organs in the body, can be impacted by lymphoma.
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the mutation that causes cystic fibrosis affects several traits and is, therefore, an example of a(n)
Cystic fibrosis affects several traits, therefore, it is an example of a pleiotropy .
Pleiotropy occurs when a gene mutation affects numerous traits, or when it results in many mutant phenotypes, affecting more than one attribute.
Pleiotropic genes are those that show multiple phenotypic expression. Due to the gene's product being employed by several cells or diverse targets with the same signaling function, a pleiotropic gene mutation may affect multiple features at once.
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Biodiversity describes the variety of life on earth. How does biodiversity contribute to the sustainability of an ecosystem?
Responses
A Greater genetic diversity ensures less competition for resources.Greater genetic diversity ensures less competition for resources.
B Large populations are less likely to be wiped out by a disaster than smaller populations.Large populations are less likely to be wiped out by a disaster than smaller populations.
C Greater genetic diversity within and between species increases the chances of survival despite changes to the ecosystem.Greater genetic diversity within and between species increases the chances of survival despite changes to the ecosystem.
D The presence of more members of single-species ensures more protection against disease outbreaks.
Biodiversity contributes to the sustainability of an ecosystem because greater genetic diversity within and between species increases the chances of survival despite changes to the ecosystem (Option C).
What is biological biodiversity?The term biological biodiversity makes reference to all genetic variation contained by a given community living in an ecosystem, which is a fundamental issue to facing disturbance in the environment and re-establish normal conditions.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that biological biodiversity is a key issue to recover the health of an ecosystem after any type of disturbance in the community.
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The way in which biodiversity contribute to the sustainability of an ecosystem is as follows: Large populations are less likely to be wiped out by a disaster than smaller populations (option B).
What is biodiversity?Biodiversity is the diversity (number and variety of species) of plant and animal life within a region.
Genetic means something related to traits passed from parent to offspring while diversity means having a range of different things.
Genetic diversity refers to the range of different inherited traits within a species. In a species with high genetic diversity, there would be many individuals with a wide variety of different traits.
This means that biodiversity will contribute to the sustainability of an ecosystem by making a larger population.
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explain how you know that there is food coloring in the last well, in part 1, for the serial dilution?
Food coloring diffuses quickly in water.
Transfer a small amount of the well-mixed solution to a new container and add water or another solvent to dilute the original solution. They use visible light absorption to determine the concentration and identify different dyes. If the concentration of the solution is unknown, the concentration can be determined by measuring the amount of light.
Absorbs specific wavelengths in a spectrophotometer. The purpose of the serial dilution method is to estimate the concentration of an unknown sample by counting the number of cultured colonies from serial dilutions of the sample and tracing the measured counts to the unknown concentration.
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What is the difference between active and passive transport?
A. Active transport can only move SMALL molecules.
B. Active transport does NOT use energy.
C. Active transport uses DIFFUSION to move molecules across the cell membrane.
D. Active transport USES energy.
A student is examining an igneous rock. She notices that it has many crystals that are different colors
and can be seen without the aid of a hand lens. She identifies the rock as granite. Based on the
information, what can she conclude about the origin of therock?
A.) it’s an extrusive rock and cooled rapidly at the surface
B.) it’s an extrusive rock and cooled slowly at the rock
C.) it’s an intrusive rock and cooled rapidly below the surface
D.) it’s an intrusive rock and cooled slowly below the surface
Based on the information, the student can conclude that granite is an intrusive igneous rock and cooled slowly below the surface.
What are igneous rocks?
One of the three primary rock types, along with sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, is igneous rock, also known as magmatic rock.The cooling and solidification of magma or lava results in the formation of igneous rock.The planet's crust or mantle may partially melt existing materials to produce the magma. A rise in temperature, a fall in pressure, or a change in composition are typically one or more of three processes that lead to melting. Extrusive rocks form on the surface or intrusive rocks form below the surface as a result of solidification into rock.Intrusive refers to igneous rocks that have solidified and cooled below the surface. Rocks that are intrusive to a pluton are also referred to be plutonic. A pluton is an intrusive rock body made of igneous material that has cooled within the crust. The cooling of magma inside the Earth happens gradually. Large crystals can form because of slow cooling, which is why intrusive igneous rocks can be seen to include crystals. Most intrusive igneous rocks are made of granite.
Hence, granite is an intrusive rock and cooled slowly below the surface
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How are ecosystems started
Answer:
An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble of life. Ecosystems contain biotic or living, parts, as well as abiotic factors, or nonliving parts. Biotic factors include plants, animals, and other organisms.
Besides the supinator, which other muscle is a powerful supinator of the forearm?.
Besides the supinator, the other muscle that is a powerful supinator of the forearm is: the biceps brachii. The biceps brachii is responsible for elbow flexion and forearm supination.
What is the biceps brachii?The biceps brachii is a large, thick muscle on the front of our upper arm that is located between the shoulder and the elbow. This muscle often looks like a horseshoe shape. The biceps brachii’s primary function is as an extension of the elbow joint.
While the biceps are located on the front upper arm, there are other muscles known as the triceps on the back of the upper arm, which are responsible for arm extension.
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vitamin d is necessary for a. reduce osteoclast activity; b. increase osteoblast activity; c. the formation of the organic framework of bone d. collagen formation; e. absorption of calcium and phosphate ions;
Using the theories of vitamins, we got vitamin d is necessary for absorption of calcium and phosphate ions.
Vitamin D is actually a fat-soluble vitamin in a family of compounds that includes vitamins D1, D2, and D3.
Your body produces vitamin D naturally when it’s directly exposed to the sunlight. You can also get vitamin D from certain foods and the supplements to ensure adequate levels of the vitamin in your blood.
Vitamin D has various important functions. Perhaps it is the most vital are regulating the absorption of calcium and the phosphorus and facilitating normal immune system function (1).
Getting enough vitamin D is important for the typical growth and development of bones and teeth, as well as it improved resistance to certain diseases.
Hence, vitamin D is necessary for absorption of calcium and phosphate ions.
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There are four primary categories of energy expenditure. Of the following, which one represents the majority of total energy use by the body?.
There are four primary categories of energy expenditure, and basal metabolism is one representing the majority of total energy use by the body.
What is Basal Metabolism
Basal Metabolism is the minimum energy required to sustain life.
Basal metabolism is the number of calories needed by the body to carry out its basic functions such as breathing, moving the heart rate, brain function and various activities in the body over time.
Even when eating, absorbing to processing food also requires calories.
In essence, all the small parts in the body are like engines that burn gasoline as they work. Never stop during life, even keep working while sleeping. Just like a car, where when the car starts, gasoline is still used.
The more we move or activity, the more gasoline is burned. A simple example, the lungs burn energy when breathing. They will work harder when climbing stairs than when sitting. That is, whatever we do above the Basal Metabolism level, the more gasoline (energy) we use. The more active we are in daily life, the more our metabolism will increase.
Another way to increase metabolism is to exercise regularly. Exercise can not only increase metabolism, but also can burn energy in cells faster.
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Concept of artificial ecosystems
Hello..!
They are created with the intervention of the human being and can be modified at any time
Example:
Urban ecosystems; The gardensAgricultural ecosystems; the orchardswhich human skeletal muscle fiber has the highest oxidative capacity? select one: a. type iia b. type iib c. type i
Human skeletal muscle fiber has the highest oxidative capacity is type I.
Human skeletal muscle fibers are divided into 3 types of muscle fibers:Type I (slow twitch oxidative): This type of muscle fiber contains large amounts of oxidative enzymes large, which contract slowly and release energy gradually the needs required by the body in a state of activity.Type IIa (fast-twitch oxidative): This type of muscle fibers contracts quickly and release energy quickly, this is due to this type of muscle fibers containing more sarcoplasmic reticulum so that they are faster in releasing and taking back calcium ions, the structure of the myosin head is also slightly different than slow type muscle fibers causing muscle fibers it is more efficient at hydrolyzing ATP. Type IIb (fast twitch glycolytic): This type of fiber is the same as type IIa, the difference is that type IIb does not require oxygen while type IIa requires oxygen.Learn more about 3 types of muscle fibers here https://brainly.com/question/16951957
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how many tetrads (bivalents) are formed in a cell with 20 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis i?
10 bivalents formed in a cell with 20 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis I.
Meiosis I is division of a cell in two stages that results in four cells, each with half the chromosomes of the original cell. Meiosis is cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and results in production of four gamete cells.
The paired chromosomes are called bivalents. During the prophase homologous chromosomes pair and form synapses. bivalent contain two chromosomes and four chromatids, with one chromosome coming from each parent.
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which is not an example of paleoclimate proxy data? group of answer choices corals ice cores ocean temperatures tree rings
Not example of paleoclimate proxy data is ocean temperatures.
What is paleoclimate proxy data?
Assessment and evaluation of climate change must be carried out using recorded observational data as well as prepared and provided proxy data. Paleoclimatologists (climatologists who study past climates or paleo) use the term "proxies" to describe the way climate change is recorded in nature.
Here's paleoclimate proxy data:
Historical data can contain a lot of information about past climates.Corals, build their hard skeletons from calcium carbonate a mineral extracted from seawater.PollenIce cores, located high in the mountains and near the poles, have accumulated from snowfall over thousands of years.Tree rings, climatic conditions affect tree growth, patterns of tree ring widths, densities, and isotopic composition reflect variations in climate.Caves, these dungeons contain secrets to Earth's climate in speleothems also known as stalactites, stalagmites, and other formations.Pack rat middensareOcean and lake sediments, billions of tones of sediment accumulate in the sea and lake basins each year, providing a tremendous amount of information about the environment.Learn more about paleoclimate proxy here https://brainly.com/question/23529208
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why do humans suffer from sleepiness, decreased muscle activity, and decreased sex drive during illness? group of answer choices the virus saps the organism's energy and uses it to attack the body. an illness decreases blood flow to the brain and muscles. they are useful ways of conserving energy while the body is attacking the illness. the body is so weakened from illness that it cannot do much of anything.
Humans suffer from these shortcomings during sickness as they are useful ways to conserve energy while the body is fighting the sickness.
How does our body fight illness?
Keeping foreign things out of our body is the most general way for our body to fight illness. This is the primary job of the immune system of our body.
Our primary defense against harmful things is the physical barriers, like skin. Our body also produces chemicals that destroy pathogens like, lysozyme that are found on skinless parts of our body, which includes tears and mucus membranes.
As long as the immune system works smoothly, we don’t even notice its presence. But the reason we get ill/sick is when it stops working properly. This is due to a weak immune system or harmful aggressive bacteria.
Without our immune system, we would be susceptible to all and every harmful pathogen.
Hence, when we get sick, we suffer with things like decreased muscle activity, sleepiness etc as our body is conserving energy as it fights off the illness.
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Which of the following affects recreational activities that people do in a region?
A.
soil type
B.
plants
C.
presence and quality of water
D.
oil
Answer:
A. Soil Type, B. Plants, and C. Presence and Quality of Water
Explanation:
A) Soil contains air, water, and minerals as well as plant and animal matter, both living and dead, which is why it must be the first answer
B) Plant Elements include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, chlorine, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, and nickel. It is used for photosynthesis
C) Do i really need to explain this one?
when sexual hormone production increases, bone growth a. accelerates rapidly; b. increases, but only in thickness; c. increases slowly; d. is not affected.
When sexual hormone production increases, bone growth accelerates rapidly.
What are sexual hormones?
Sex hormones are steroid hormones that interact with vertebrate steroid hormone receptors. They are also known as sex steroids, gonadocorticoids, and gonadal steroids. Androgens, estrogens, and progestogens are among the sex hormones . Their effects are mediated by both fast nongenomic mechanisms through membrane-associated receptors and signaling cascades as well as by slow genomic mechanisms through nuclear receptors. Although they serve significant sex-related roles, the polypeptide hormones luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone—all of which are connected to the gonadotropin axis—are typically not regarded as sex hormones.
Hence, sexual hormone production increases, bone growth accelerates rapidly.
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1.explain the relationship between the light reactions and the calvin cycle in photoautotrophs. 2.what is the function of the magnesium atom in a chlorophyll molecule? 3.where do replacement electrons come from in photosystem ii? 4.diagram the flow of an electron from photosystem ii to eventually winding up in a molecule of nadph. 5.explain how atp is produced in photosynthesis. 6.why are plants green in color? 7pare and contrast cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation. include the products of each and the fates of those products. 8.why is water necessary for photosynthesis? 9.why is oxygen produced during the light reactions?
Photosynthesis is a process during which plants synthesise sugar using chlorophyll molecule and further this chlorophyll molecule along with mitochondria uses the sugar and convert it to energy molecule ATP.
1. The Calvin cycle receives ATP and NADPH from the light reactions and gives back ADP, Pi, and NADP+ to the light processes.
2. A magnesium ion stabilises the chlorophyll molecule at the core of the porphyrin ring and sends electrons down an electron transport chain to power the photosynthetic reaction.
3. water
4. Light hits PS2 and pigment molecule absorbs energy and gets excited to release electron. The electron is taken by the primary electron acceptor. Enzyme separates water into H+ (the two electrons) and O-, and supplies p680 with the electrons (strong oxidising agent). H+ is discharged into the thylakoid space, and oxygen from a split water molecule joins with another oxygen to produce O2.Photoexcited electrons travel from PS2 to PS1 through ETC. In PS1, electrons move to a lower energy level, supplying ATP with energy. As they descend, their energy pumps H+ into the chemiosis-related thylakoid luman. The electron in PS1 reaction complex P700 is excited by light energy that has been transferred there. After the electron passes through a second ETC, NADP+ reductase adds an electron, converting NADP+ into NADPH.
5. ATP synthase generates ATP by facilitating the flow of electrons back into the stroma.
6. Instead of absorbing green light, chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light. green light reflects
7. When the electrons from PS1 go to the ETC and produce ATP before returning, it is considered cyclic (no water required). Noncyclic occurs when NADP+ is converted to NADPH by NADP-reductase using electrons transferred from PS1 to PS2.
8. It serves as the sugar's supply of hydrogen.
9. After light energy splits water, the waste product, oxygen, is released into the atmosphere.
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the endangered species act is considered one of the strongest environmental law because it: a. mandates the listing of species that are endangered b. it develops a procedure that must be followed for a species to be listed c. it requires that habitat of listed species be protected d. it requires that all countries of the world acknowledge species listed as endangered e. it requires that migratory species habitat be protected in both countries that the species are found in (breeding grounds country and overwintering countries)
The endangered species Act is considered one of rhe strongest environmental law because option D: it requires that all countries of the world acknowledge species listed as endangered.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and/or the NOAA Fisheries Service must be consulted by federal agencies to ensure that any actions they authorise, fund, or carry out are not likely to endanger the existence of any listed species or cause the destruction or adverse modification of any designated critical habitat of such species, according to the law. As a result, option D is the best one.
The law forbids any activity that results in the "taking" of any listed endangered fish or wildlife species. Similar restrictions apply to the import, export, interstate, and international trade of the species listed.
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The Three Domain classification system developed by Dr. Woese is based partly on
O sensitivity to antivirals.
O RNA sequences.
O enzyme similarities.
O DNA sequences.
Dr. Woese's three Domain classification approach is partially based on RNA sequences. The three-domain classification system was put forward as an alternative to the conventional prokaryote-eukaryote and five-kingdom concepts.
Organisms can be divided into one of three domains according to differences in the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) nucleotide sequences, antibiotic susceptibility, and membrane lipid structures. Woese divided them into groups based on differences in the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) structure. Carl Woese from the University of Illinois in the United States proposed a phylogenetic taxonomy of bacterial species in 1987 using variations in the nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA molecules.
Thus, we can conclude that RNA sequences serve as a foundation for some of Dr. Woese's Three Domain classification methods. Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea are the three domains.
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PLEASE HELPPPPP
Identify the process that occurs in this organelle, and explain the importance of this process to the survival
of organisms.
Answer:
Explanation:
its c
Climate change can threaten the stability or even the existence of many
communities on Earth. Which of the following communities is most likely to
be threatened by climate change?
O A. Temperate deciduous forest communities
OB. Tropical rain forest communities
OC. Deep ocean communities
O D. High mountain communities
D. High mountain communities are most likely to be threatened by climate change.
What is climate change?
Long-term altercations in weather and temperature patterns are referred to as climate change. These changes might occur naturally, for instance through variations in the solar cycle. But since the 1800s, burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas has been the primary cause of climate change, which is mostly attributable to human activity.By trapping the sun's heat and increasing the temperatures, greenhouse gas emissions mostly produced by burning fossil fuels behave as a blanket over the planet.Methane and carbon dioxide are two examples of the greenhouse gases that are contributing to climate change. These result from using fuels like gasoline or coal to heat buildings, respectively. Carbon dioxide can also be released during logging and clearing land. Methane emissions are primarily produced by landfills for trash.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global warming is responsible for a number of extreme impact events, making mountain ecosystems particularly vulnerable to climate change.
As glaciers continue to recede, less water is available, which causes more erosion and landslides in mountainous regions. High mountains are considered "particularly temperature-sensitive locations," and there is data to suggest that temperatures are increasing more quickly at higher elevations.
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how does the second law of thermodynamics help explain the diffusion of a substance across a membrane?
The second law is the trend toward randomization, or increasing entropy.
Second law allows for diffusion because diffusion is an increase in entropy .Diffusion is the process of movement of molecule down the concentration gradient until they doesn't exist . This movement represents an increase in the entropy.
Second Law of Thermodynamics state that molecules will spontaneously move towards an area of lower concentration, from an area of higher concentration. Molecule are capable to travel across cell membranes known as lipophilic molecules as they dissolve in the lipid bilayer. Movement represents an increase in the entropy or disorder in the system .
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A sequence of biotic changes that regenerate or create an ecological community is known as?.
A sequence of biotic changes that regenerate or create an ecological community is known as Succession.
Ecological succession is the gradual evolution of a community's constituent species over time. The process by which a region's species and habitat mix evolves over time is called ecological succession. These communities gradually replace one another until a "climax community" is attained, such as a mature forest, or until a disruption, such as a fire, happens. A key idea in ecology is ecological succession.
Nudation, Invasion, Competition and Co-action, Reaction, and Climax or Stabilization are the five stages of succession. At the same location, a succession of biotic communities organically emerge one after another until the Climax stage is reached. In their early stages, biotic communities evolve slowly.
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which component of the epidermis initiates immune responses and provides a defense against environmental antigens?
Answer:
Which component of the epidermis initiates immune responses and provides a defense against environmental antigens?
~Langerhans cells~
Explanation:
Review the student data. Which trials, if any, indicated that osmosis took place?
Responses
A vinegar and blue distilled water vinegar and blue distilled water
B 10% salt water and blue distilled water10% salt water and blue distilled water
C vinegar, syrup, and blue distilled water vinegar, syrup, and blue distilled water
D blue distilled water
The trials that indicated that osmosis took place is: vinegar and blue distilled water; option A.
What is osmosis?Osmosis is a process by which molecules of water are transported from one region to another.
Osmosis is defined as the process by which water molecules move from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.
An example of osmosis taking place is when water molecules move hypotonic solution such as distilled water into vinegar a hypertonic solution.
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17.plants containing only chlorophyll b are exposed to radiation with the following wavelengths: 10nm(x-rays), 450nm (blue light), 670nm (red light), 670nm (red light), and 800nm (infrared light). which plants harness (use) the most energy for photosynthesis? blue light irradiated plants.
The greatest energy is captured (used) for photosynthesis by plants exposed to blue light.
Platids, which can be rounded, oval, or disk-shaped bodies and are used in the synthesis and storage of food, include chloroplasts. The presence of the two pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b gives chloroplasts their distinctive green colour, which sets them apart from other plastid types. The pigments' ability to absorb light energy for photosynthesis is one of their functions. The chloroplasts include other pigments, such as carotenoids, which act as accessory pigments by absorbing sun energy and transferring it to the chlorophyll. All green tissues in plants have chloroplasts, although they are notably dense in the parenchyma cells of the leaf mesophyll.
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Muscular strength is the ability of the ________ to exert force during an activity.
Muscular strength is the ability of the muscles to exert force during an activity.
We can describe muscular strength as the strength of the muscles in a person that allows him to lift heavy objects.
The muscular strength of a person can be built if a person engages in exercises that help in building his muscles. Also, muscle strength can be increased by lifting heavy objects constantly.
However, special care needs to be taken when building muscle strength as it can cause muscle damage.
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