All three species, 34Si4-, 35S2-, and 36Ar, have gained electrons and therefore have a negative charge.
The three species mentioned, 34Si4-, 35S2-, and 36Ar, share the common characteristic of having a negative charge. The negative charge indicates that these species have gained electrons. In the case of 34Si4-, the silicon atom (Si) has gained four electrons, resulting in a charge of -4. Similarly, 35S2- indicates that the sulfur atom (S) has gained two electrons, giving it a charge of -2. Lastly, 36Ar represents an argon atom (Ar) that has gained one electron, resulting in a charge of -1. Overall, these species demonstrate the phenomenon of electron gain, leading to their negative charges.
To learn more about electron gain, click here:
brainly.com/question/7484965
#SPJ11
calculate δg∘rxnδgrxn∘ and e∘cellecell∘ for a redox reaction with nnn = 1 that has an equilibrium constant of kkk = 22 (at 25 ∘c∘c). part a calculate δg∘rxnδgrxn∘ .
The formula for calculating δG°rxn is -RTln(K), where R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and K is the equilibrium constant. Given K = 22, T = 298 K, and R = 8.314 J/mol*K, we can calculate δG°rxn to be -4.4 kJ/mol.
To elaborate, δG°rxn represents the change in Gibbs free energy that occurs in a system when a reaction occurs under standard conditions (1 atm pressure, 298 K, and all reactants and products at their standard states). In this case, the reaction is a redox reaction with a stoichiometric coefficient of 1 (nnn = 1) and an equilibrium constant of 22 (kkk = 22) at 25°C.
Using the formula -RTln(K) with the given values for R, T, and K, we obtain -8.314 J/mol*K * 298 K * ln(22) = -4.4 kJ/mol as the δG°rxn. This negative value indicates that the reaction is spontaneous and proceeds in the forward direction under standard conditions.
Learn more about redox reaction here:
https://brainly.com/question/13293425
#SPJ11
2.8×10-5 mol of ionic compound m2x3 dissolves in 3.1 ml of water at 25c. determine the solubility product (ksp) of m2x3.
The solubility product (Ksp) of M2X3 is 3.13 x 10^-16 at 25°C.
To determine the solubility product (Ksp) of M2X3, we first need to calculate the molar solubility of the compound in water.
Molar solubility (S) = moles of solute (M2X3) / volume of solution (in liters)
We are given that 2.8×10-5 mol of M2X3 dissolves in 3.1 ml of water, which is equivalent to 0.0031 L of water.
Therefore;
S = 2.8×10-5 mol / 0.0031 L
S = 0.009 molar
Now that we know the molar solubility, we can use it to calculate the Ksp of M2X3. The general equation for the solubility product is:
Ksp = [M]n[X]3n
where [M] is the molar concentration of M2+ ions and [X] is the molar concentration of X3- ions. Since M2X3 dissociates into 2M3+ and 3X2- ions, we can rewrite the equation as:
Ksp = (2S)3(3S)2
Ksp = 54×S×5
Substituting the molar solubility we calculated earlier:
Ksp = 54(0.009)5
Ksp = 3.13 x 10^-16
To know more about solubility product, click below.
https://brainly.com/question/31493083
#SPJ11
A certain reaction has an activation energy of 26.38 kj/mol. at what kelvin temperature will the reaction proceed 4.50 times faster than it did at 289 k?
A certain reaction has an activation energy of 26.38 kj/mol; the temperature at which the reaction will proceed 4.50 times faster is 345.6 K.
To solve this problem, we can use the Arrhenius equation, which relates the rate constant (k) of a reaction to its activation energy (Ea) and temperature (T):
k = A * e^(-Ea/RT)
where A is the pre-exponential factor and R is the gas constant.
We are given that the reaction proceeds 4.50 times faster at some temperature T2 compared to its rate at 289 K (T1). We can use this information to set up the following equation:
4.50 = e^((Ea/R) * (1/T1 - 1/T2))
We can rearrange this equation to solve for T2:
T2 = (Ea/R) / (ln(4.50) + (Ea/R) / T1)
Plugging in the values given, we get:
T2 = (26.38 kJ/mol / (8.314 J/(mol*K))) / (ln(4.50) + (26.38 kJ/mol / (8.314 J/(mol*K))) / 289 K) = 345.6 K
Therefore, the temperature at which the reaction will proceed 4.50 times faster is 345.6 K.
Learn more about Arrhenius equation here:
https://brainly.com/question/30514582
#SPJ11
The change in enthalpy (δhorxn)(δhrxno) for a reaction is -24.8 kj/molkj/mol. What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction is 3.1×103 at 298 kk?
To answer this question, we can use the relationship between enthalpy and equilibrium constant:
ΔG = -RTlnK
where ΔG is the change in Gibbs free energy, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and K is the equilibrium constant.
We can relate ΔH to ΔG using the equation:
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
where ΔS is the change in entropy. At equilibrium, ΔG = 0, so we can rearrange the equation to solve for the equilibrium constant:
ΔH = -TΔS
ΔS = -ΔH/T
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS = ΔH - ΔH = 0
Therefore:
ΔH = -RTlnK
-lnK = ΔH/(RT)
lnK = -ΔH/(RT)
K = e^(-ΔH/(RT))
Now we can plug in the values given in the question:
ΔH = -24.8 kJ/mol
T = 298 K
R = 8.314 J/(mol·K)
K = e^(-(-24.8 kJ/mol)/(8.314 J/(mol·K) × 298 K))
K = 3.1 × 10^3
Therefore, the equilibrium constant for the reaction is 3.1 × 10^3.
learn more about equilibrium constant
https://brainly.in/question/8460195?referrer=searchResults
#SPJ11
2 moles of an ideal gas with a fixed volume of molar heat capacity of 12. 54 J / mol K are rapidly expanded adiabatically against a constant external pressure of 106 N / m2 before 300 K and 2x106 N / m2; then the initial state is restored by adiabatic reversible and isothermal reversible compression, respectively. Calculate and summarize the values of Q, W, ∆U and ∆H for each step and cycle. Explain the 1st Law of Thermodynamics with the terms state function and Path Function and interpret it using the values you find for the cycle (R: 8. 314 J / mol K).
Values of Q heat transfer, W, ∆U, and ∆H for each step would need to be calculated using the appropriate equations based on the specific conditions involved. Without the information, it is not possible to slolve
In the given scenario, a gas undergoes a series of processes, including adiabatic expansion, adiabatic reversible compression, and isothermal reversible compression. The goal is to calculate and summarize the values of Q (heat transfer), W (work done), ∆U (change in internal energy), and ∆H (change in enthalpy) for each step and the overall cycle.Unfortunately, the values necessary to calculate Q, W, ∆U, and ∆H are not provided in the given information. The molar heat capacity and external pressure alone are not sufficient to determine these values. To accurately calculate these quantities, additional information such as temperature changes, volumes, and specific heat capacities of the gas would be required.
Now, let's discuss the first law of thermodynamics and the terms state function and path function. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is conserved in any thermodynamic process. It can be expressed as ∆U = Q - W, where ∆U is the change in internal energy, Q is the heat transferred to the system, and W is the work done by the system.
State functions are properties that depend only on the current state of the system and are independent of the path taken to reach that state, such as internal energy (U) and enthalpy (H). On the other hand, path functions, like heat (Q) and work (W), depend on the path taken during a process.
To learn more about heat transfer click here : brainly.com/question/13433948
#SPJ11
An insulated piston cylinder device initially contains 0.3 m
3
of carbon dioxide at 200 kPa and 27 ∘
C. An electric switch is turned on, and a 110-V source supplies current to a resistance heater inside the cylinder for a period of 10 min. The pressure is held constant during the process, while the volume is doubled. Determine the current that passes through the resistance heater.
The current passing through the resistance heater is approximately 0.970 A.
To determine the current passing through the resistance heater, we need to use the energy balance equation:
ΔU = Q - W
where ΔU is the change in internal energy of the system, Q is the heat added to the system, and W is the work done by the system. Since the piston is insulated, there is no heat transfer (Q=0), and the work done is only due to the expansion of the gas against the piston:
W = PΔV
where P is the constant pressure, and ΔV is the change in volume. Therefore, we can simplify the energy balance equation to:
ΔU = -PΔV
Assuming carbon dioxide behaves as an ideal gas, we can use the ideal gas law to determine the initial number of moles of CO2 in the cylinder:
PV = nRT
where P is the initial pressure, V is the initial volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the initial temperature. Solving for n, we get:
n = PV/RT
Substituting the given values, we get:
n = (200 kPa)(0.3 m3)/(8.314 kPa⋅L/mol⋅K)(300 K) = 0.036 mol
Since the volume is doubled, the final volume is 2 times the initial volume or 0.6 m3. Using the ideal gas law again, we can determine the final pressure:
P = nRT/V
Substituting the given values, we get:
P = (0.036 mol)(8.314 kPa⋅L/mol⋅K)(300 K)/(0.6 m3) = 110 kPa
Since the pressure is held constant, the work done by the gas is:
W = PΔV = (200 kPa)(0.6 m3 - 0.3 m3) = 60 kJ
The change in internal energy can be determined using the equation:
ΔU = ncVΔT
where cV is the molar-specific heat at constant volume, and ΔT is the temperature change. For carbon dioxide, cV = 0.718 kJ/mol⋅K. The temperature change can be determined using the equation:
PΔV = nRΔT
where R is the gas constant. Substituting the given values, we get:
ΔT = PΔV/nR = (200 kPa)(0.3 m3)/(0.036 mol)(8.314 J/mol⋅K) = 172.4 K
Therefore, the change in internal energy is:
ΔU = (0.036 mol)(0.718 kJ/mol⋅K)(172.4 K) = 4.0 kJ
Finally, we can solve for the heat added to the system using the energy balance equation:
ΔU = Q - W
Substituting the given values, we get:
4.0 kJ = Q - 60 kJ
Q = 64.0 kJ
The electrical energy supplied to the resistance heater can be determined using the equation:
E = IVt
where I is the current, V is the voltage, and t is the time. Substituting the given values, we get:
64.0 kJ = (110 V)I(10 min)(60 s/min) = 66,000 I
Therefore, the current passing through the resistance heater is:
I = 64.0 kJ / 66,000 = 0.970 A (approximately)
To learn more about heaters
https://brainly.com/question/11863285
#SPJ4
Propose an explanation for the wide diversity of minerals. Consider factors such as the elements that make up minerals and the Earth processes that form minerals
The wide diversity of minerals can be attributed to the vast array of elements that make up minerals and the numerous Earth processes that form minerals.
The Earth's crust contains a variety of elements that can combine in countless ways to form minerals. Elements that commonly form minerals include silicon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, and potassium.
The combination of these elements can also vary widely, resulting in a vast range of mineral compositions and colors.
Additionally, various Earth processes, such as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic processes, contribute to the creation of minerals. Through these processes, existing minerals can be transformed or new minerals can be formed.
The temperature and pressure conditions during these processes also play a significant role in the types of minerals that are created.
For example, diamonds are formed under immense pressure deep within the Earth's mantle, while quartz crystals can form in hot springs at the Earth's surface.
Overall, the wide diversity of minerals is a reflection of the complexity and richness of the Earth's composition and geological history.
Learn more about pressure here.
https://brainly.com/questions/30673967
#SPJ11
A 3.75-g sample of limestone (caco3) contains 1.80 g of oxygen and 0.450 g of carbon. what is the percent o and the percent c in limestone?
The percent oxygen in limestone is 48% and the percent carbon is 12%.
To find the percent oxygen and carbon in limestone, we need to use the formula:
% element = (mass of element / total mass of compound) x 100%
First, we need to calculate the mass of calcium in the sample:
Mass of calcium = total mass of compound - mass of oxygen - mass of carbon
Mass of calcium = 3.75 g - 1.80 g - 0.450 g
Mass of calcium = 2.52 g
Now we can calculate the percent oxygen:
% O = (1.80 g / 3.75 g) x 100%
% O = 48%
And the percent carbon:
% C = (0.450 g / 3.75 g) x 100%
% C = 12%
Therefore, the percent oxygen in limestone is 48% and the percent carbon is 12%.
To know more about limestone visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30717890
#SPJ11
Which of the following is TRUE?
Group of answer choices
A basic solution does not contain H3O+.
A basic solution has [H3O+] < [OH-]
A neutral solution contains [H2O] = [H3O⁺].
An acidic solution does not contain OH-
A neutral solution does not contain any H3O+or OH-.
The TRUE statement is: A basic solution has [H3O+] < [OH-].
In aqueous solutions, the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) determines whether the solution is acidic, neutral or basic. An acid solution has a higher concentration of H+ ions than OH- ions, while a basic solution has a higher concentration of OH- ions than H+ ions. In a neutral solution, the concentration of H+ ions and OH- ions are equal.
The pH of a solution is a measure of the concentration of H+ ions. A pH value of 7 is considered neutral, while a pH value less than 7 is considered acidic and a pH value greater than 7 is considered basic.
In a basic solution, the concentration of OH- ions is higher than the concentration of H+ ions. This means that the concentration of H3O+ ions (which are formed when water molecules combine with H+ ions) will be lower than the concentration of OH- ions. Therefore, the statement "A basic solution has [H3O+] < [OH-]" is true.
To know more about basic solutions:
https://brainly.com/question/30549961
#SPJ11
calculate the number of molecules of acetyl-scoa derived from a saturated fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms. express your answer as an integer.
10 acetyl-CoA molecules will contain a total of 230 atoms: 20 carbon atoms, 30 oxygen atoms, 10 sulfur atoms, and 190 hydrogen atoms.
To calculate the number of molecules of acetyl-CoA derived from a saturated fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms, we need to first break down the fatty acid into individual acetyl-CoA molecules. Each acetyl-CoA molecule is produced by the breakdown of a two-carbon unit from the fatty acid chain. Therefore, a saturated fatty acid with 20 carbon atoms will produce 10 acetyl-CoA molecules.
Since acetyl-CoA is a molecule composed of atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, we cannot express the number of molecules as an integer. However, we can express the number of atoms in the 10 acetyl-CoA molecules as follows:
Each acetyl-CoA molecule contains 23 atoms: 2 carbon atoms, 3 oxygen atoms, 1 sulfur atom, and 19 hydrogen atoms.
Therefore, 10 acetyl-CoA molecules will contain a total of 230 atoms: 20 carbon atoms, 30 oxygen atoms, 10 sulfur atoms, and 190 hydrogen atoms.
To know more about hydrogen atoms visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29695801
#SPJ11
the measured hk of some material is 164. compute the applied load if the indentation diagonal length is 0.24 mm.
To compute the applied load, we need to use the equation: Load = constant x (Diagonal Length)^2. The constant for a material with a measured hardness of 164 HK is typically 0.2.
To compute the applied load for a material with a measured hardness (HK) of 164 and an indentation diagonal length of 0.24 mm, please follow these steps:
Step 1: Recall the formula for Knoop hardness (HK):
HK = P / A, where P is the applied load in kgf, and A is the projected area of the indentation in mm².
Step 2: Calculate the projected area of the indentation (A) using the formula:
A = 0.0703 * L², where L is the indentation diagonal length in mm (0.24 mm in this case).
A = 0.0703 * (0.24)²
A ≈ 0.00403 mm²
Step 3: Rearrange the HK formula to solve for the applied load (P):
P = HK * A
P = 164 * 0.00403
P ≈ 0.66092 kgf
Therefore, the applied load for the material with a measured hardness of 164 and an indentation diagonal length of 0.24 mm is approximately 0.66092 kgf.
To know more about hardness (HK) visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29729585
#SPJ11
Write balances molecular and net ionic equations for reactions of:
A. Here is what they said the answer was for hydrochloric acid and nickel as a chemical equation
2Hcl(aq)=Ni(s) arrowNiCl2(aq)+H2(g) Now
Write a net IONIC equation for hydrochloric acid and nickel
Express as a balanced new ionic equation - identify all phases
B. dilute sulfuric acid with iron
Express as a balanced chemical equation identify all phases
Express as a balanced net ionic equation identify all phases
C. hydrobromic acid with magnesium
Express as a balanced chemical equation identify all phases
Express as a balanced net ionic equation edentify all phases
D. acetic acid, CH3COOH with zinc
Express as a balanced chemical equation identify all phases
Express as a balanced net ionic equation identify all phases
For each of the reactions, the net ionic equations and the molecular equations have been given, together with a list of all the phases.
A. 2HCl(aq) + Ni(s) NiCl2(aq) + H2(g) is the balanced molecular equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and nickel.
This reaction's net ionic equation is 2H+(aq) + Ni(s) Ni2+(aq) + H2(g)
B. Fe(s) + H2SO4(aq) FeSO4(aq) + H2(g) is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of diluted sulfuric acid with iron.
Fe(s) (solid) is one of the substances' phases.
aqueous H2SO4 (aq)
FeSO4 (aq) (water)
H2(g) (gas)
This reaction's balanced net ionic equation is Fe(s) + H+(aq) Fe2+(aq) + H2(g)
C. The chemical reaction involving magnesium and hydrobromic acid has the following balanced equation:
Mg(s) + 2HBr(aq) = MgBr2(aq) + H2(g)
The chemicals come in the following phases: 2HBr(aq) (aqueous).
Magnesium (solid)
MgBr2(aq) (water-based)
H2(g) (gas)
This reaction's balanced net ionic equation is 2H+(aq) + Mg(s) Mg2+(aq) + H2(g)
D. Acetic acid reacting with zinc results in the chemical equation 2CH3COOH(aq) + Zn(s) Zn(CH3COO)2(aq) + H2(g)
The chemicals exist in two phases: 2CH3COOH(aq) (aqueous) and Zn(s) (solid).
Zn(CH3COO)aqueous 2(aq)
H2(g) (gas)
For this reaction, the balanced net ionic equation is 2H+(aq) + Zn(s) Zn2+(aq) + H2(g) + 2CH3COO-(aq).
For each of the reactions, the net ionic equations and the molecular equations have been given, together with all of the phases' names.
To know more about hydrochloric acid visit :
https://brainly.com/question/22469941
#SPJ11
Of the following, which form a neutral solution? Assume all acids and bases are combined in stoichiometrically equivalent amounts. (select all that apply) Select all that apply:a) HCN(aq) + KOH(aq) ⇌ KCN(aq) + H2O(l)b) NH3(aq) + HCl(aq) ⇌ NH4Cl(aq)c) HBr(aq) + KOH(aq) ⇌ KBr(aq) + H2O(l)d) HClO4(aq) + LiOH(aq) ⇌ LiClO4(aq) + H2O(l)
The neutral solutions formed when acids and bases combined in stoichiometrically equivalent amounts are option c and option d.
The following reactions forms a neutral solution:
c) HBr(aq) + KOH(aq) ⇌ KBr(aq) + H₂O(l)
d) HClO₄(aq) + LiOH(aq) ⇌ LiClO₄(aq) + H₂O(l)
The above reactions involve the combination of an acid and a base to form a salt and water. In these reactions, the acid and base react completely to form their respective salt and water, resulting in a neutral solution. These are reaction of strong acids, HBr and HClO₄ and; strong bases, KOH and LiOH, which results in formation of neutral salts.
The NH₃(aq) + HCl(aq) ⇌ NH₄Cl(aq) reaction involve the formation of an acid salt (NH₄Cl) respectively, and therefore, do not form a neutral solution.
HCN(aq) + KOH(aq) ⇌ KCN(aq) + H₂O reaction involve weak acid plus strong base producing alkaline salts.
To learn more about neutral solutions visit:
https://brainly.com/question/31358270
#SPJ11
CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) ----> CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
At what rate is CH4 reacting if the rate of water production is 0.082 M/s?
-0.082 M/s
-0.164 M/s
-0.041 M/s
0.082 M/s
In the given statement, -0.041 M/s rate is CH4 reacting if the rate of water production is 0.082 M/s.
The balanced chemical equation shows that one mole of CH4 reacts with two moles of O2 to produce two moles of water. Therefore, the molar ratio between CH4 and water is 1:2. This means that for every mole of CH4 reacted, two moles of water are produced.
To find the rate of CH4 reaction, we can use the rate of water production and the molar ratio between CH4 and water.
Assuming that the reaction is first order with respect to CH4, the rate of CH4 reaction is equal to half the rate of water production divided by the stoichiometric coefficient of CH4:
rate of CH4 reaction = (0.082 M/s) / 2 / 1 = 0.041 M/s
Therefore, the answer is -0.041 M/s since the question is asking for the rate of the reaction (and the negative sign indicates that the reaction is consuming CH4).
To know more about CH4 visit:
brainly.com/question/27926556
#SPJ11
Given 25. 0 g of Chromium and 57. 0 g of Phosphoric acid, what is the maximum amount of Chromium (III) Phosphate formed? *
We need to identify the limiting reactant, which is the reactant that is completely consumed and determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed, we found the maximum amount of Chromium (III) Phosphate formed is 107.35 g.
First, we need to calculate the number of moles for each reactant. The molar mass of Chromium (Cr) is 52 g/mol, and the molar mass of Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is 98 g/mol.
Number of moles of Chromium = 25.0 g / 52 g/mol = 0.481 moles
Number of moles of Phosphoric acid = 57.0 g / 98 g/mol = 0.581 moles
Next, we determine the stoichiometric ratio between Chromium (III) Phosphate (CrPO4) and the reactants from the balanced equation. The balanced equation is: 3Cr + 2H3PO4 → CrPO4 + 3H2
From the equation, we can see that 3 moles of Chromium (Cr) react with 2 moles of Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) to form 1 mole of Chromium (III) Phosphate (CrPO4). Comparing the moles of reactants to the stoichiometric ratio, we find that 0.481 moles of Chromium is less than the required 1 mole of Chromium for the reaction. Therefore, Chromium is the limiting reactant.
Since 1 mole of Chromium (III) Phosphate has a molar mass of 107.35 g, the maximum amount of Chromium (III) Phosphate formed is 107.35 g.
LEARN MORE ABOUT limiting reactant here: brainly.com/question/10255265
#SPJ11
1. give an example of a type of real-world item that is organized or sorted in a specific way.
One example of a real-world item that is organized or sorted in a specific way is a library's book collection. The books are typically sorted using the Dewey Decimal Classification system, which categorizes them based on subject matter.
There are many types of real-world items that are organized or sorted in specific ways. One example is a library. Libraries organize books according to various systems, such as the Dewey Decimal System or the Library of Congress Classification System. These systems allow books to be organized by subject matter, author, and other criteria, making it easier for patrons to locate specific books or browse for new ones. In addition, libraries often have specific sections for different types of materials, such as reference books, periodicals, and audiovisual materials.
This organization helps users to find the specific type of material they need, while also allowing library staff to manage the collection more efficiently. Overall, many real-world items are organized or sorted in specific ways in order to make them more manageable and user-friendly. Whether it's a library, a grocery store, or another type of organization, these systems help people find what they need and make the most of the resources available to them.
To know more about matter visit :-
https://brainly.com/question/28945834
#SPJ11
chromium is precipitated in a two-step process. what are those two steps?
The reaction can be written as:2Cr3+ (aq) + 7H2O2 (aq) + 6OH- (aq) → 2CrO42- (s) + 14H2O (l) this method is less commonly used because of the environmental hazards associated with the use.
Chromium can be precipitated from an aqueous solution in a two-step process as follows:
Step 1: Chromium(III) hydroxide, Cr(OH)3, is formed by adding a base, such as sodium hydroxide, NaOH, or ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH, to the solution containing the chromium ions. The reaction can be written as:
Cr3+ (aq) + 3OH- (aq) → Cr(OH)3 (s)
Step 2: The precipitated chromium(III) hydroxide is then converted to the oxide, Cr2O3, by heating in air at high temperature:
2Cr(OH)3 (s) → Cr2O3 (s) + 3H2O (g)
The reaction can also be carried out in a single step by adding a strong oxidizing agent, such as hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, to the solution containing the chromium ions. The oxidizing agent converts the chromium ions to the hexavalent form, Cr(VI), which can then be precipitated as the insoluble chromate, CrO42-. The reaction can be written as:
2Cr3+ (aq) + 7H2O2 (aq) + 6OH- (aq) → 2CrO42- (s) + 14H2O (l)
For more such questions on reaction visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29470602
#SPJ11
would you expect iron to corrode in water of high purity? why or why not?
Corrosion is essentially described as a natural process that happens when pure metals react with elements like water or air to change into undesired materials. The metal is harmed and disintegrates as a result of this reaction, which first affects the area of the metal that is exposed to the environment before spreading to the bulk of the metal as a whole.
Due to the fact that every reduction reaction requires the presence of an impurity component like H⁺ or Mn⁺ ions or dissolved oxygen, iron would not corrode in highly pure water.
Iron won't rust in the absence of water because oxygen need moisture or water as a catalyst and as a reactant to speed up the reaction. In addition, iron does not rust in pure water devoid of dissolved salts.
To know more about corrosion, visit;
https://brainly.com/question/20407861
#SPJ1
A reaction mixture of 4.0 mL of 0.002 M SCN- and 5.0 mL of 0.002 M Fe3+ is diluted to 10.0 mL with deionized water to form the blood-red FeNCS2+ complex. The equilibrium molar concentration of the FeNCS2+ determined from a standardization curve, is 1.5 x 10-4 mol/L. Calculate, in sequence, each of the following quantities in the aqueous solution to determine the equilibrium constant for the reaction.Fe3+ (aq) + SCN- (aq) <----> FeNCS2+ (aq)A.) moles of FeNCS2+ that form in reaching equilibriumB.) moles of Fe3+ that react to form the FeNCS2+ at equilibriumC.) moles of SCN- that react to from the FeNCS2+ at equilibriumD.) moles of Fe3+ initially placed in the reaction systemE.) moles of SCN- initially placed in the reaction systemF.) moles of Fe3+ that remain unreacted at equilibrium (d-b)G.) moles of SCN- that remain unreacted at equilibrium (e-c)H.) molar concentration of Fe3+ (unreacted) at equilibriumI.) molar concentration of SCN- (unreacted at equilibriumJ.) molar concentration of FeNCS2+ at equilibrium 1.5 x 10-4 mol/LK.) Kc= [FeNCS2+] / [Fe3+][SCN-]
Moles of FeNCS²⁺ that form in reaching equilibrium is 0.008 mmol, moles of Fe³⁺ that react to form the FeNCS²⁺ at equilibrium is 0.008 mmol, moles of SCN⁻ that react to form the FeNCS²⁺ at equilibrium is 0.008 mmol, moles of Fe³⁺ initially placed in the reaction system is 0.01 mmol, moles of SCN⁻ is; 0.008 mmol, moles of Fe³⁺ is 0.002 mmol, moles of SCN⁻ at equilibrium (e-c) is 0 mmol, molar concentration of Fe³⁺ is 0.2 mM, and molar concentration of FeNCS²⁺ is 1.25 x 10¹⁹.
Moles of FeNCS²⁺ that form in reaching equilibrium;
Using the balanced equation, the stoichiometry of the reaction is 1:1:1 (Fe³⁺:SCN⁻: FeNCS²⁺). Therefore, the number of moles of FeNCS²⁺ formed will be equal to the number of moles of Fe³⁺ and SCN⁻ that reacted. From the dilution, the initial moles of Fe³⁺ and SCN⁻ are:
moles Fe³⁺ = 5.0 mL x (0.002 mol/L) = 0.01 mmol
moles SCN⁻ = 4.0 mL x (0.002 mol/L) = 0.008 mmol
Thus, the moles of FeNCS²⁺ formed will be equal to the limiting reagent, which is SCN⁻. Since the stoichiometry is 1:1, 0.008 mmol of FeNCS²⁺ will form at equilibrium.
moles of Fe³⁺ that react to form the FeNCS²⁺ at equilibrium;
From the balanced equation, the number of moles of Fe³⁺ that reacted is equal to the number of moles of FeNCS²⁺ formed, which is 0.008 mmol.
Moles of SCN⁻ that react to form the FeNCS²⁺ at equilibrium;
From the balanced equation, the number of moles of SCN⁻ that reacted is equal to the number of moles of FeNCS²⁺ formed, which is 0.008 mmol.
moles of Fe³⁺ initially placed in the reaction system;
From the dilution, the initial moles of Fe³⁺ is;
moles Fe³⁺ = 5.0 mL x (0.002 mol/L) = 0.01 mmol
moles of SCN⁻ initially placed in the reaction system;
From the dilution, the initial moles of SCN⁻ is;
moles SCN⁻ = 4.0 mL x (0.002 mol/L)
= 0.008 mmol
Moles of Fe3+ that remain unreacted at equilibrium (d-b);
The number of moles of Fe³⁺ that remain unreacted at equilibrium is equal to the initial moles minus the moles that reacted, which is:
moles Fe³⁺ unreacted = 0.01 mmol - 0.008 mmol
= 0.002 mmol
Moles of SCN⁻ that remain unreacted at equilibrium (e-c);
The number of moles of SCN⁻ that remain unreacted at equilibrium is equal to the initial moles minus the moles that reacted, which is;
moles SCN⁻ unreacted = 0.008 mmol - 0.008 mmol
= 0 mmol
Molar concentration of Fe³⁺ (unreacted) at equilibrium;
The molar concentration of Fe³⁺ unreacted at equilibrium is equal to the moles unreacted divided by the final volume;
[Fe³⁺] = (0.002 mmol / 0.01 L)
= 0.2 mM
Molar concentration of SCN⁻ (unreacted) at equilibrium;
The molar concentration of SCN⁻ unreacted at equilibrium is equal to the moles unreacted divided by the final volume;
[SCN⁻] = (0 mmol / 0.01 L)
= 0 M
The molar concentration of FeNCS²⁺ at equilibrium is given as 1.5 x 10⁻⁴ mol/L.
[Fe³⁺] = 5.7 x 10⁻⁴ mol/L (from part F)
[SCN⁻] = 2.3 x 10⁻⁴ mol/L (from part G)
[ FeNCS²⁺] = 1.5 x 10⁻⁴ mol/L
Kc = [ FeNCS²⁺] / ([Fe³⁺][SCN⁻])
Kc = (1.5 x 10⁻⁴) / (5.7 x 10⁻⁴)(2.3 x 10⁻⁴)
Kc = 1.25 x 10¹⁹
Therefore, the equilibrium constant for the reaction Fe³⁺ (aq) + SCN⁻ (aq) ↔ FeNCS²⁺ (aq) is Kc = 1.25 x 10¹⁹.
To know more about molar concentration here
https://brainly.com/question/29429999
#SPJ4
The theory stating that the cation is surrounded by a sea of mobile electrons is related to. ?
• MX Compounds
• MM compounds
• MXO compounds
• TmX Compounds
The theory stating that the cation is surrounded by a sea of mobile electrons is related to MX compounds.
In MX compounds, the cation (M) is typically a metal atom, and the anion (X) is typically a non-metal atom. The theory being referred to is known as the "metallic bonding" theory. According to this theory, in MX compounds, the metal cation loses one or more electrons to form a positively charged ion. These cations are then surrounded by a sea of mobile electrons that are delocalized and not associated with any specific atom. This sea of electrons is responsible for the metallic properties observed in MX compounds, such as high electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability, and ductility.
To learn more about metal cation click here : brainly.com/question/8098159
#SPJ11
what is the vapor pressure of ethanol at 84.6 °c if its vapor pressure at 45.9 °c is 108 mmhg? (∆hvap = 39.3 kj/mole)
According to the statement the vapor pressure of ethanol at 84.6 °C is approximately 56.6 mmHg.
To find the vapor pressure of ethanol at 84.6 °C, we can use the Clausius-Clapeyron equation:
ln(P2/P1) = (-∆Hvap/R) x (1/T2 - 1/T1)
where P1 is the known vapor pressure at 45.9 °C (108 mmHg), P2 is the vapor pressure at 84.6 °C (what we're trying to find), ∆Hvap is the heat of vaporization (given as 39.3 kJ/mol), R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol-K), T1 is the known temperature (45.9 °C + 273.15 K = 319.3 K), and T2 is the temperature we're trying to find (84.6 °C + 273.15 K = 357.3 K).
Plugging in these values and solving for P2, we get:
ln(P2/108) = (-39.3/(8.314))(1/357.3 - 1/319.3)
ln(P2/108) = -0.0386
P2/108 = e^-0.0386
P2 = 108 x e^-0.0386
P2 = 56.6 mmHg
Therefore, the vapor pressure of ethanol at 84.6 °C is approximately 56.6 mmHg.
To know more about vapor pressure visit :
https://brainly.com/question/11864750
#SPJ11
the temperature of an object increases by 29.8 °c when it absorbs 3803 j of heat. calculate the heat capacity of the object.
The heat capacity of the object is approximately 4.16 J/g°C.
To calculate the heat capacity of the object, we need to use the formula:
Q = m × c × ΔT
where Q is the amount of heat absorbed, m is the mass of the object, c is its specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
In this case, we are given that the temperature of the object increases by 29.8 °C when it absorbs 3803 J of heat. We don't know the mass of the object, but we can assume that it is constant. Therefore, we can rewrite the formula as:
c = Q / (m × ΔT)
Substituting the given values, we get:
c = 3803 J / (m × 29.8 °C)
However, we can rearrange the formula to solve for the mass instead:
m = Q / (c × ΔT)
Substituting the given values, we get:
m = 3803 J / (c × 29.8 °C)
Now we need to know the value of c. This will depend on the material and physical properties of the object. For example, the specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/g°C, while the specific heat capacity of aluminum is 0.9 J/g°C. Once we know the material, we can look up its specific heat capacity or use experimental data to determine it.
Let's assume that the object is made of water, so c = 4.18 J/g°C. Substituting this value, we get:
m = 3803 J / (4.18 J/g°C × 29.8 °C) ≈ 28.5 g
Therefore, the heat capacity of the object is: c = 3803 J / (28.5 g × 29.8 °C) ≈ 4.16 J/g°C
Note that the units of heat capacity are J/g°C, which means the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of the material by 1 degree Celsius.
To know more about Heat capacity refer here :
https://brainly.com/question/30551147
#SPJ11
draw a stepwise mechanism for the conversion of hex-5-en-1-ol to the cyclic ether a
To draw a stepwise mechanism for the conversion of hex-5-en-1-ol to the cyclic ether, follow these steps:
1. Begin with hex-5-en-1-ol, which has a double bond between carbons 5 and 6, and a hydroxyl group on carbon 1.
2. Utilize an acid-catalyzed intramolecular SN2 reaction. Introduce a catalytic amount of a strong acid, such as H2SO4, which protonates the hydroxyl group on carbon 1, forming a good leaving group (H2O).
3. The negatively charged oxygen from the hydroxyl group attacks the adjacent carbon 5 of the double bond, which forms a 5-membered cyclic ether and a tertiary carbocation on carbon 6.
4. The positively charged carbon 6 gains a hydrogen atom from the surrounding solvent or acid, regenerating the acid catalyst and restoring neutral charge. Following these steps will give you the cyclic ether product from hex-5-en-1-ol.
About carbonCarbon is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is a nonmetal and is tetravalent—its atoms make four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. It is in group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon only makes up about 0.025 percent of the Earth's crust.
You can learn more about Carbon at https://brainly.com/question/31019423
#SPJ11
the chemical composition of the sun 3 billion years ago was different from what it is now in that it had
The chemical composition of the sun 3 billion years ago was different from what it is now in that it had a higher concentration of hydrogen and a lower concentration of helium.
The sun, which is a star, primarily consists of hydrogen and helium, with trace amounts of other elements.
In its early stages 3 billion years ago, the sun had a greater abundance of hydrogen because it had not yet undergone as much nuclear fusion as it has today.
Nuclear fusion is the process by which the sun generates energy and heat. During this process, hydrogen atoms combine to form helium, releasing energy in the form of photons.
Over time, the sun's hydrogen content decreases while its helium content increases due to continuous fusion reactions.
Additionally, the sun's metallicity, which refers to the proportion of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, was lower 3 billion years ago. This is because the universe was younger, and heavier elements had not yet been produced in significant quantities by other stars.
As the sun ages, it accumulates heavier elements through processes such as nucleosynthesis and the absorption of interstellar material.
In summary, the sun's chemical composition 3 billion years ago was different from its current composition in that it had a higher concentration of hydrogen, a lower concentration of helium, and a lower metallicity. This difference is primarily due to the ongoing nuclear fusion process within the sun, which converts hydrogen into helium and generates energy. Additionally, the lower metallicity reflects the younger age of the universe at that time.
Learn more about hydrogen at: https://brainly.com/question/19579213
#SPJ11
which of the given aldehydes would produce glycine using a strecker synthesis? methanal ethanal propanal butanal
None of the given aldehydes would produce glycine using a Strecker synthesis. A Strecker synthesis is a method used to synthesize amino acids from aldehydes or ketones.
The reaction involves the condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with ammonium chloride and potassium cyanide, followed by hydrolysis to yield the corresponding amino acid.
However, only aldehydes or ketones that contain at least one α-hydrogen atom can undergo this reaction. Among the given options, only propanal and butanal have α-hydrogen atoms, but they would not produce glycine in a Strecker synthesis.
Glycine is the simplest amino acid and has a carboxyl group and an amino group attached to the same carbon atom, which cannot be formed from the given aldehydes using the Strecker synthesis.
To know more about aldehydes refer here :-
https://brainly.com/question/30459994#
#SPJ11
chlorine has two stable isotopes, and . calculate the binding energies per mole of nucleons of these two nuclei. the required masses (in g/mol) are = 1.00783, = 1.00867, = 34.96885, and = 36.96590.
The binding energy per mole of nucleons for chlorine-35 and chlorine-37 is 7.1178 x 10^12 J/mol and 7.0667 x 10^12 J/mol, respectively.
What are the binding energies per mole of nucleons for chlorine-35 and chlorine-37?The binding energy per mole of nucleons can be calculated using the formula:
Binding energy per mole of nucleons = [Z(mp + me) + N(mn)]c^2 / A
where Z is the atomic number, N is the neutron number, mp is the mass of a proton, me is the mass of an electron, mn is the mass of a neutron, c is the speed of light, and A is the mass number (A = Z + N).
For chlorine-35, Z = 17, N = 18, A = 35, mp = 1.00783 g/mol, me = 0.00055 g/mol, and mn = 1.00867 g/mol. Substituting these values into the formula gives:
Binding energy per mole of nucleons for chlorine-35 = [17(1.00783 + 0.00055) + 18(1.00867)]c^2 / 35
= 7.1178 x 10^12 J/mol
For chlorine-37, Z = 17, N = 20, A = 37, and using the same values for mp, me, and mn, we get:
Binding energy per mole of nucleons for chlorine-37 = [17(1.00783 + 0.00055) + 20(1.00867)]c^2 / 37
= 7.0667 x 10^12 J/mol
Learn more about binding energy
brainly.com/question/31817434
#SPJ11
uppose n2h4 (l) decomposes to form nh3 (g) and n2 (g). if one starts with 2.6 mol n2h4, and the reaction goes to completion, how many grams of nh3 are produced?
If 2.6 mol of [tex]N_{2}H_{4}[/tex] is completely decomposed, 88.46 grams of [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] will be produced.
The balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of [tex]N_{2}H_{4}[/tex] is: [tex]N_{2}H_{4}[/tex] (l) → 2 [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] (g) + N2 (g)
According to the equation, 1 mole of [tex]N_{2}H_{4}[/tex] produces 2 moles of [tex]NH_{3}[/tex]. Therefore, 2.6 mol [tex]N_{2}H_{4}[/tex] will produce 2 x 2.6 = 5.2 mol [tex]NH_{3}[/tex].
To convert moles of [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] to grams, we need to use the molar mass of [tex]NH_{3}[/tex], which is 17.03 g/mol.
mass of [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] = number of moles of [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] x molar mass of [tex]NH_{3}[/tex]
mass of [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] = 5.2 mol x 17.03 g/mol = 88.46 g
Therefore, if 2.6 mol of [tex]N_{2}H_{4}[/tex] is completely decomposed, 88.46 grams of [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] will be produced.
To know more about molar mass, refer here:
https://brainly.com/question/30640134#
#SPJ11
The initial activity of a sample of the cesium isotope 137Cs is 135 mCi . When delivered to a hospital 14 hours later, its activity is 95 mCi.
A) What is the isotope's half life? (in hours)
B) If the minimum usable activity is 10mCi, how long after delivery at the hospital is the sample usable? (also in hours)
A) The sample will be usable for approximately 104.45 hours (or about 4.35 days) after delivery to the hospital. To find the half life of 137Cs, we can use the formula for radioactive decay:
A = A0(1/2)^(t/T), where A is the activity at time t, A0 is the initial activity, T is the half life, and (1/2)^(t/T) is the fraction of the original activity remaining at time t.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
95 = 135(1/2)^(14/T)
Dividing both sides by 135 and taking the natural logarithm of both sides, we can solve for T:
ln(95/135) = ln(1/2)^(14/T)
ln(95/135) = -(14/T)ln(2)
T = -14/(ln(95/135)/ln(2))
T = 30.17 hours
Therefore, the half life of 137Cs is approximately 30.17 hours.
B) We can use the same formula as above to find the time it takes for the activity to drop to 10mCi:
10 = 135(1/2)^(t/30.17)
Dividing both sides by 135 and taking the natural logarithm of both sides, we can solve for t:
ln(10/135) = -(t/30.17)ln(2)
t = -30.17ln(10/135)/ln(2)
t = 104.45 hours
Therefore, the sample will be usable for approximately 104.45 hours (or about 4.35 days) after delivery to the hospital.
For more such questions on radioactive
https://brainly.com/question/25923400
#SPJ11
A) The radioactive decay equation, A = A0(1/2)(t/T), can be used to determine the half life of 137Cs. In this equation, A is the activity at time t, A0 is the starting activity, T is the half life, and (1/2)(t/T) is the percentage of the original activity still present at time t.
By entering the specified values, we obtain:
95 = 135(1/2)^(14/T)
We may find the value of T by taking the natural logarithm of both sides and dividing both sides by 135:
ln(95/135) = ln(1/2)^(14/T)
ln(95/135) = -(14/T)ln(2)
T = -14/(ln(95/135)/ln(2))
T equals 30.17 hours
As a result, 137Cs has a half life of about 30.17 hours.
B) The time it takes for the activity to decrease to 10 mCi can be calculated using the same calculation as above:
10 = 135(1/2)^(t/30.17)
by 135 and dividing both sides by, We can find t by using the natural logarithm of both sides:
ln(10/135) = -(t/30.17)ln(2)
t = -30.17ln(10/135)/ln(2)
t equals 104.45 hours
Therefore, after being delivered to the hospital, the sample will be useful for about 104.45 hours (or about 4.35 days).
learn more about radioactive here:
https://brainly.com/question/1770619
#SPJ11
(i). Balance the following chemical equation. (2 points) HCl+CaCO3 → CaCl2+H2O+CO2. (ii). Calculate the theoretical yield of CO2 if 4.5g of HCl is reacted with 12g of CaCO; based on your balanced equation. (2 points (iii). A student carried out the reaction and isolated 2.5g of CO2. Calculate the percent yield of CO2. (2 points).
(i) The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
[tex]2HCl + CaCO_3 = CaCl_2 + H_2O + CO_2[/tex]
(ii) The molar mass of [tex]CO_2[/tex] is 44.01 g/mol, so the theoretical yield of [tex]CO_2[/tex] in grams is 5.28 g [tex]CO_2[/tex]
(iii) The percent yield of [tex]CO_2[/tex] is 47.3%.
(i) The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
[tex]2HCl + CaCO_3 = CaCl_2 + H_2O + CO_2[/tex]
(ii) To calculate the theoretical yield of [tex]CO_2[/tex], we first need to determine the limiting reagent.
The molar mass of HCl is 36.5 g/mol, so 4.5 g of HCl corresponds to 0.123 mol:
4.5 g HCl x (1 mol HCl/36.5 g HCl) = 0.123 mol HCl
The molar mass of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] is 100.1 g/mol, so 12 g of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] corresponds to 0.12 mol:
12 g [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] x (1 mol [tex]CaCO_3[/tex]/100.1 g [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] ) = 0.12 mol [tex]CaCO_3[/tex]
The balanced equation shows that 1 mol of [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] produces 1 mol of [tex]CO_2[/tex] . Therefore, since [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] is limiting, the theoretical yield of [tex]CO_2[/tex] is 0.12 mol.
The molar mass of [tex]CO_2[/tex] is 44.01 g/mol, so the theoretical yield of [tex]CO_2[/tex] in grams is:
0.12 mol [tex]CO_2[/tex] x (44.01 g [tex]CO_2[/tex] /mol) = 5.28 g [tex]CO_2[/tex]
(iii) The percent yield of [tex]CO_2[/tex] is calculated using the actual yield (2.5 g) and the theoretical yield (5.28 g) as follows:
Percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%
Percent yield = (2.5 g / 5.28 g) x 100%
Percent yield = 47.3%
For more question on balanced chemical equation click on
https://brainly.com/question/11904811
#SPJ11
One of the D-2-ketohexoses is called sorbose. On treatment with NaBH4, sorbose yields a mixture of gulitol and iditol. What is the structure of sorbose?
Sorbose is a D-2-ketohexose. Its structure has a ketone functional group at position 2 and hydroxyl groups at positions 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
On treatment with NaBH4, sorbose is reduced to yield a mixture of gulitol and iditol. Sorbose is a monosaccharide with a six-carbon backbone, making it a hexose. It has a ketone functional group (-C=O) at position 2 and hydroxyl groups (-OH) at positions 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6. The full chemical structure of sorbose is When sorbose is treated with the reducing agent NaBH4, the ketone group at position 2 is reduced to a secondary alcohol (-CHOH-), yielding a mixture of two four-carbon polyols: gulitol and iditol. The reduction of the ketone group also changes the stereocenter at position 2 from R to S, which is reflected in the stereochemistry of the resulting polyols.
learn more about hydroxyl here:
https://brainly.com/question/23639315
#SPJ11