If there are 10,000 kCal of energy available in the producers, how much energy would be available to each of following levels of consumers?
Explain what happens to the energy as it moves from producer to the tertiary consumer.
Answer:
Primary Consumer - 1000 kCal
Secondary Consumer - 100 kCal
Tertiary Consumer - 10kCal
Explanation:
Each time a consumer consumes the previous organism, the energy that is consumed is ten percent of the last one. This is called the ten percent rule.
Help please ASAP !!
How do scientists know that Earth is currently in the middle of an ice age or interglacial period?
Select one
A. Due to climate change , and snow are rapidly melting .
B. Carbon dioxide levels are decreasing , which is causing Earth's temperature to become cooler
Which are correct examples of physical (P), chemical (C), and biological (B) barriers?
P: complement system; C: saliva; B: coughing
P: coughing; C: saliva; B: complement system
P: coughing; C: sneezing; B: complement system
P: complement system; C: saliva; B: sneezing
Answer:
(Explanation is answer) Hope this helps. Brainliest pls
Explanation:
The innate immune response is the first mechanism for host defense found in all multicellular organisms. The innate immune system is more ancient than the acquired or adaptive immune response, and it has developed and evolved to protect the host from the surrounding environment in which a variety of toxins and infectious agents including bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites are found (1).
The immune system is complex and is divided in two categories: i) the innate or nonspecific immunity, which consists of the activation and participation of preexistent mechanisms including the natural barriers (skin and mucosa) and secretions; and ii) the adaptive or specific immunity, which is targeted against a previously recognized specific microorganism or antigen. Thus, when a given pathogen is new to the host, it is initially recognized by the innate immune system and then the adaptive immune response is activated (2). Innate immunity is the host’s first line of defense and is intended to prevent infection and attack the invading pathogens.This nonspecific mechanism is fast (minutes to hours) while the adaptive response takes longer (days to weeks).
Innate immunity is comprised of different components including physical barriers (tight junctions in the skin, epithelial and mucous membrane surfaces, mucus itself); anatomical barriers; epithelial and phagocytic cell enzymes (i.e., lysozyme), phagocytes (i.e., neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages), inflammation-related serum proteins (e.g., complement, C-reactive protein, lectins such as mannose-binding lectin, and ficolins); surface and phagocyte granule antimicrobial peptides (e.g., defensins, cathelicidin, etc.); cell receptors that sense microorganisms and signal a defensive response (e.g., Toll-like receptors); and cells that release cytokines and inflammatory mediators (i.e., macrophages, mast cells, natural-killer cells). Once the interaction host-invader pathogen enters, a signaling cascade is initiated which enhances the immune response and activates specific mechanisms (3-5). This natural immune response is designed to: a) prevent infection, b) eliminate invader pathogens, and c) stimulate the acquired immune response.
The correct examples of physical, chemical, and biological barriers are coughing, saliva, and complement system respectively.
What do you mean by Barriers?Barriers may be defined as something that blocks the free passage of any object, compound, or thing.
Coughing mediates the physical barrier that kills the pathogen and improves the body's immune system at the physical level. Saliva consists of an enzyme that kills the pathogens on body surfaces, so it is classified under a chemical barrier. Biological barriers involve the action of the complement system which performs the activity of lysis of pathogen particle and stimulate the body's immune response.
Therefore, the correct examples of physical, chemical, and biological barriers are coughing, saliva, and complement system respectively.
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Can someone please help mePut them all in order
Answer:
The 4th one should be the 1st one
And the 1st one should be the 2nd one
And tge 2nd one should be the 3rd one and the 3rd one should be the 4th one.
Scientific studies show that identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different homes may vary in height, weight, and intelligence. The most probable explanation for these differences is that
Answer:
Their height and weight will differ depending on there diet, one might be smarter than the other naturally but as their were in different home they will have different ways of comprehending it
Explanation:
I hope that helped
Identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different homes may vary in height, weight and intelligence
Why difference is observed in height and weight?It is because of the different diet they are taking.The difference can be due to both quality and quantity.It is also because of exercise.The twin with good diet and exercise has appropriate weight.While the one with sedentary habit is over-weight.Why is the difference observed in intelligence?The intelligence not only depends on genetics it also depends on environment.It depends on factors like education, surrounding influences, etc.To learn more about education, height, weight, and intelligence here,
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The neurohypophysis is another name for the anterior pituitary.
False
O True
Answer:
false
Explanation:
checked on a website and it said that it was another name
Which statement does NOT describe external regulatory proteins?
1 They respond to events occurring inside a cell.
2. Growth factors are one group of external regulatory proteins.
3. They can speed up or slow down the cell cycle.
4. Some can cause cells to slow down or stop their cell cycles.
Answer: 1) They respond to events occurring inside a cell.
Explanation:
The rest DO describe external regulatory proteins except the first option.
Hope this helps :)
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1. They respond to events occurring inside a cell.
External Regulators Proteins:
External Regulators Proteins that respond to events outside the cell are called external regulators. External regulators direct cells to speed up or slow down the cell cycle.Growth factors are among the most important external regulators.They stimulate the growth and division of cells.The three types of external regulators proteins are Cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), and the APC/C.Therefore, the statement that NOT describe external regulatory proteins is Statement 1.
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If a cell is placed in a HYPERTONIC solution, what will happen?
A. The cell will lose water to its enviroment because water will travel out of
the cell due to osmosis.
B. The cell will gain water because water will travel into the cell due to
osmosis.
C. The cell will remain the same because cells are not affected by solutions.
D. The cell will explode
Answer:
A
Explanation:
What is unique about obtaining water from an artesian well?
O The water is heated by magma or hot rocks.
O The water is found in an impermeable layer.
O The water is under pressure naturally and no pump is needed.
O Amechanical pump must be installed to bring water to the surface.
Answer:
c-The water is under pressure naturally and no pump is needed.
Explanation:
Water from Artesian well is the water is under pressure naturally and no pump is needed.
What is Artesian well?A well from which water flows under natural pressure without the need for pumping is known as an artesian well.
It is excavated or drilled whenever a gently sinking, permeable rock layer (such as sandstone) collects water at a level higher than the ground surface at the well site.
Water goes down into the aquifer (water-bearing layer) at the outcrop, but is blocked from escaping by impermeable rock layers above and below it (such as shale).
Water is forced to the surface of a well drilled down into the aquifer by the weight of the water (hydrostatic pressure) the pressure for the continuous up flow is maintained by the continued penetration of water into the aquifer at the intake region.
The ability to collect water is what distinguishes artesian wells.
The water is under pressure naturally and no pump is needed.
Pumping water isn't essential because there isn't any pressure in the water.
Hence, the correct option is C.
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characteristics of stone before placing it in water
Answer:
The characteristic of the stone before placing it in the water is of course dry because once you place it in the water it becomes wet.
Explanation:
Answer:
Round, tough, dry, firm, and solid.
Explanation:
Please tell me how does water flow through sponges in order
Answer:
Small and tube shaped, water enters the sponge through dermal pores and flows into the atrium. Choanocyte flagella create the current to expel it through a single osculum. Note that water enters the sponge through a modified cell known as a porocyte.
Explanation:
Hope this helped, Have a Wonderful Day!!
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In your own words, please explain how the process of meiosis leads to siblings that are not clones of each other.In your own words, please explain how the process of meiosis leads to siblings that are not clones of each other.
Explanation:
The process of cell division by which most of cells divide for growth is called mitosis.
In this process, each cell called mother cell divides to form two identical daughter cells. The daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes as mother cell. It helps in growth and repair of tissues in organisms.
Specific cells of reproductive organs or tissues in animals and plants divide to form gametes., which after fertilisation give rise to offspring.
They divide by a different process called MEIOSES.Which involves two consecutive divisions. When a cell divides by meiosis it produces four new cells instead of just two .
The new cells only have half the number of chromosomes than that of the mother cells.
Hope you understood!
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A medical imaging scan that includes a patient's right lung, heart, and left lung is examined. The scan doesn't indicate in which plane it was taken. Based on the contents of the image, which plane can be ruled out automatically?
A. The coronal plane
B. The sagittal plane
C. The anatomical plane
D. The transverse plane
Answer:
the anatomical plane...........
The diploid number of chromosomes in a species is always what
A diploid cell always contains two complete sets of chromosomes, which is described as 2n.
What is a diploid cell?Two complete sets of chromosomes are present in a diploid cell. The majority of human cells are diploid, with 23 chromosomal pairs totaling 46 chromosomes. This consists of a pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes. The mother and father each contributed one copy of each pair of chromosomes to the individual.
Through the process of mitosis, diploid cells replicate and maintain the same number of chromosomes by making a copy of each chromosome and dividing their DNA equally among their daughter cells.
Blood cells, skin cells, and muscle cells are examples of diploid cells. These cells are called somatic cells. Different organisms have different numbers of chromosomes.
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12. Why does Dr. Jablonski dismiss the hypothesis that protection from skin cancer provided selection for the evolution of darker skin in our human ancestors
Answer:
Because skin cancer does not usually arise until after an individual's peak reproductive years.
Explanation:
A ___ studies abiotic factors.
a.geologist
b.paleontologist
c.biologist
d.botanist
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Answer:
Ecology
Explanation: Try figuring out what ecology is in your question
Why are people scared of germs
What is the difference between a pathogen and an antigen
Answer:
Antigen is a molecule capable of causing the immune system to produce antibodies against it. Pathogen is an infectious agent that may cause a disease.
Explanation:
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#teamtrees
Please support the cause. If we all plant a tree, just 1 each, even 1 per family, it will save us from the future that global warming will bring us without these trees. plant a tree today and say to yourself, "wow i just planted a tree for a very important cause, and i saved someone's life today!"
===================================================================
Answer:
ok
Explanation:
Answer:
Well said m8. POGCHAMP
Explanation:
#teamtrees #WAP (Water And Plant) #ELM (Every Life Matters)
Why is it necessary to reduce the number of chromosomes in gametes, but not in other cells
Answer:
The reduction of chromosomes in the gametes is necessary to make sexual reproduction possible, in which each parent contributes half of their chromosomes and in fertilization a cell with the complete amount of chromosomes is produced, the zygote.
Explanation:
The reduction of chromosomes to form gametes is done by meiosis, a reductive cell division. Sex cells or gametes are haploid cells, i.e. with half the chromosome charge, as each parent must contribute a gamete in the reproductive process.
The union of the parents' gametes is called fertilization and its product is the zygote, whose chromosome charge is complete or diploid.
For a diploid zygote to be formed, it is necessary for the sex cells or gametes to be haploid, or with half of the chromosomes of the species..
The genetic content built of proteins and nucleic acid found in the nucleus of cells are called chromosomes.
The reduction of the chromosome is essential for sexual reproduction.
In this sort of reproduction gametes from each parent fuse to form offspring.Each parent provides half the number of chromosomes (n) to form a complete offspring with the total set of chromosomes (2n).In the process of gamete formation chromosomes, get halved due to meiosis.The reproductive gametes from both the parent combine via fertilization and form the diploid offspring.Therefore for a diploid offspring to be formed the gametes need to be haploid.
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Rachal Corporation produces and sells a single product whose selling price is $150.00 per unit and whose variable expense is $57.00 per unit. The company's monthly fixed expense is $381,300.
Required:
a. Assume the company's monthly target profit is $9,300. Determine the unit sales to attain that target profit. Show your work!
b. Assume the company's monthly target profit is $18,600. Determine the dollar sales to attain that target profit. Show your work!
Answer:a) if the company's monthly target profit is $9,300, 4,200 units sales is needed
b) if the company's monthly target profit is $18,600, 4,300 units sales is needed
Explanation:
Using The Contribution Margin Approach:
Contribution Margin = Sales expense - variable expense
=$150.00 - $57.00
=$93
Contribution Margin Ratio= Contribution Margin/ sales expense x 100
=93/150 x 100
= 62%
Assume the company's monthly target profit is $9,300.
A) Sales to attain the target profit = [(Fixed expenses + Target profit) ÷ Contribution Margin ratio]
= ($381,300. + $9,300) ÷ 0.62
$390,600 ÷ 0.62
= $630,000
No. of units to be sold =Sales to attain the target profit/ selling price
$630,000/$150.00
=4,200 units
Assume the company's monthly target profit is $18,600
B) Sales to attain the target profit = [(Fixed expenses + Target profit) ÷ Contribution Margin ratio]
= ($381,300. + $18,600 )÷ 0.62
$399,900 ÷ 0.62
= $645,000
No. of units to be sold =Sales to attain the target profit/ selling price
$645,000/$150.00
=4,300 units
Challenge: In the process of photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and light energy to produce a sugar (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2). In the process of aerobic respiration, animals and plants release energy from sugar and oxygen and produce carbon dioxide and water. The chemical equations that describe these reactions look like this:
6CO2 + 6H2O + light C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
How do these equations explain why the total amount of O2 and CO2 remains the same?
Answer:
Picture below
Explanation:
hope it helps
The total amount of O₂ and CO₂ remains the same because their 6 molecules of carbon formed glucose and the remaining 6 molecules of oxygen are released as by-products.
What is the difference between respiration and photosynthesis?Green plants make their own food through a process called photosynthesis, which transforms light energy into chemical energy.
Living things use the process of respiration to change oxygen and glucose into carbon dioxide and water, which releases a significant quantity of energy.
There are two stages to photosynthesis: light reaction and dark reaction. Inhalation and exhalation are the two phases of respiration. Because photosynthesis depends on light, it only occurs during the day. No organism can survive without breathing, which is a constant activity.
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Question 13 of 25
The graph shows the change in a fish population over time. During this same
time, the algae population increased.
Which statement best explains the data?
O A. The pond was too small for the original fish population.
O B. The fish got sick from eating the algae.
O C. The pond experienced an aiyal bloom.
O D. The algae poisoned the pond.
Answer:
C. The pond experienced an algae bloom.
Explanation:
From the graph we see that the fish population continue to decrease with time. As time passed on, the fish population keeps suffering a decline. In retrospect, the population of the algae continued to increase.
We can ascribe this to the pond experiencing an algae bloom. It could be due to condition called eutrophication. When nutrients become very much in water and more algae is produced. This leads to dissolve oxygen amount reducing in the water body. Therefore, fishes will die off.Answer: c pond experienced a algae bloom
Explanation:
thx
What a consequence brings the fact that the cerebral cortex is more developed in humans than in animals
Answer: humans have a very high brain-weight-to-body-weight ratio, but so do other animals. ... Other intelligent animals, such as monkeys and dolphins, also have these folds in their cortex, whereas mice have smooth brains, he said. Humans also have the largest frontal lobes of any animal, Holland said.
Explanation:
What would happen if complexes I-IV of the electron transport chain pumped protons in the opposite direction?
a. Too much ATP would be synthesized.
b. None of the other answer options is correct.
c. No ATP would be synthesized.
d. There would be too many electrons in the mitochondrial matrix.
Answer:
The correct answer is - c. No ATP would be synthesized.
Explanation:
In the electron transport chain there are four complexes, complexes I-IV, pumps the protons from the matrix of the mitochondria into the intermembrane space. This is the downhill movement of the electrons that helps in synthesizing the ATP molecules.
If the complexes move or pump the electron uphill or against the gradient there would be no ATP formation as there would be no interchange of proton and electron interchange.
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Many people don't get enough vitamin D and calcium, which can cause bones to be fragile. The lack of vitamin D and calcium is an example of a
A. hereditary disease.
B. genetic disease.
C. toxicity.
D. deficiency.
Answer:
deficiency
Explanation:
PENN
Which of these factors is involved in earthquake formation?
Answer:
The factors involved in earthquake formation are: plates moving, rocks breaking and movement below the surface.
A brown mouse is crossed with a heterozygous black mouse if the mother has a litter of four what are the chances of one of them being brown
Answer:
I used a Punnet Square to determine what percentage of 1 of the mice would be brown.
Explanation:
A protein was not folded correctly after translation and needs to be degraded. Which organelle will this protein be transported to?
A. Mitochondria
B. Nucleus
C. Lysosome
D. Golgi apparatus
E. Rough ER
Answer:
The correct answer is - lysosome
Explanation:
Protein that are not correctly folded and needed to be degraded require help of lysosome an organelle that helps in degrading macromolecules.
It is also helps in digestion and regulate cellular functions by removing protein and molecules that are not required anymore and prevents from unwanted accumulation.
An A/a; B/b dihybrid is testcrossed, and about ¾ of the progeny phenotypically resembles the dihybrid parent, while ¼ resembles the tester parent. If the dihybrid parent was selfed, what would be the expected phenotypic ratio in the progeny?
a. 9:3:4
b.12:3:1
c. 9:3:3:1
d. 9:7
f. 15:1
e.13:3
Answer:
The expected phenotypic ratio in the population will be 15:1
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files.