Answer:
DR Cash $599,000
CR Notes Payable $599,000
Explanation:
As this is the entry for the issuance of the note, interest will not be recorded as it is incurred as during the loan period.
Entry will be;
Date Details Debit Credit
Jan 1 Cash 599,000
Notes Payable 599,000
Ben sells stock (adjusted basis of $25,000) to his son, Ray, for its fair market value of $15,000. Ray sells the stock to his neighbor, Trish, for $26,000. Which of the following statements are most accurate?a. Ben’s recognized loss is $0 and Ray’s recognized gain is $1,000.b. Ben’s recognized loss is $10,000 and Ray’s recognized gain is $10,000.c. Ben’s recognized loss is $10,000 and Trish’s recognized gain is $1,000.d. Ray’s recognized gain is $11,000 and Trish’s basis is $26,000.e. None of the above
Answer:
Ray’s recognized gain = $11,000
Trish’s basis = $26,000.
Option "D" is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Given:
Adjusted value of stock = $25,000
Market vale = $15,000
Sales price = $26,000
Find:
Ray’s recognized gain
Trish’s basis
Computation:
Ray’s recognized gain = Sales price - Market vale
Ray’s recognized gain = $26,000 - $15,000
Ray’s recognized gain = $11,000
Trish’s basis = $26,000.
The table below lists the insurance options offered by AA Auto Insurance. Calculate the monthly payment for an insurance plan including the following options:
Bodily Injury: $50/100,000
Property Damage: $100,000
Collision: $500 deductible
Comprehensive: $100 deductible
AA Auto Insurance
Type of Insurance Coverage
Coverage Limits
Annual Premiums
Bodily Injury
$25/$50,000
$22.50
$50/100,000
$31.75
$100/300,000
$40.25
Property Damage
$25,000
$120.50
$50,000
$144.75
$100,000
$193.00
Collision
$100 deductible
$520.00
$250 deductible
$415.25
$500 deductible
$275.75
Comprehensive
$50 deductible
$110.25
$100 deductible
$100.00
a.
$50.04
b.
$50.90
c.
$54.31
d.
$68.73
Based on the information given, it can be deduced that the monthly payment for the insurance plan will be A. $50.04.
An insurance simply means a protection from financial loss. It's simply used on hedging against the risk of an uncertainty.
A deductible simply means the amount of money that an individual will pay towards an insured loss. From the table, the monthly payment for the insurance plan will be $50.04.
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Answer:
The answer would be A
Explanation: I Took the quiz
Use the information below to answer the following question. The following lots of a particular commodity were available for sale during the year: Beginning inventory 10 units at $60 First purchase 25 units at $65 Second purchase 30 units at $68 Third purchase 15 units at $75 The firm uses the periodic system, and there are 25 units of the commodity on hand at the end of the year. What is the amount of inventory at the end of the year using the FIFO method
Answer:
Ending inventory value= $1,805
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Beginning inventory 10 units at $60
First purchase 25 units at $65
Second purchase 30 units at $68
Third purchase 15 units at $75
Ending inventory in units= 25
To calculate the inventory value using the FIFO (first-in, first-out), we need to use the cost of the last units incorporated into inventory:
Ending inventory value= 15*75 + 10*68
Ending inventory value= $1,805
During August, Boxer Company sells $360,000 in merchandise that has a one-year warranty. Experience shows that warranty expenses average about 4% of the selling price. The warranty liability account has a credit balance of $12,400 before adjustment. Customers returned merchandise for warranty repairs during the month that used $9,000 in parts for repairs. The entry to record the estimated warranty expense for the month is:
Answer:
Debit Estimated Warranty Liability $12,400
Credit Warranty Expense $12,400
Explanation:
Warranty Expense = 0.04 * Total Sales
Warranty Expense = 0.04 * $360,000
Warranty Expense = $14,400
Warranty Liability Account = Warranty Expense + Opening balance of the Warranty liability Account
Warranty Liability Account = $14,400 + $12,400
Warranty Liability Account = $26,800
The business would incur actual warranty expense of $12,400.
Debit Estimated Warranty Liability $12,400
Credit Warranty Expense $12,400
Bantam company calculated its net income to be $77,600 based on the unadjusted trial balance. The following adjusting entries were then made for: Salaries and wages owed but not yet paid of $795. Interest earned but not received from investments of $755. Prepaid insurance premiums amounting to $555 have expired. Deferred revenue in the amount of $755 has now been earned. Required: Determine the amount of net income (loss) that will be reported after the adjustments are recorded.
Answer:
$77,760
Explanation:
After adjustment items of expenses will be deducted from the Net income, and items of income will be added to the net income.
Item of expenses = unpaid salary + Prepaid insurance (Expired)
Item of income = Interest earned + revenue
Net income after deduction = 77,600 - 795 - 555 + 755 + 755
Net income after deduction = $77,760
who Is the most county plz tell it location?
The airline companies often change their flight prices over time. Assume Mary is planning her trip to New York City during the Christmas holiday. When she first checked the price in September, the ticket price was $300 round trip per person. However, when she checked the price again in early December, she noticed the price increased to $600 round trip per person for the same flight. This is an example of _______________.
Answer:
Third degree price discrimination
Explanation:
Price discrimination is when the same product is sold at different prices to customers in different markets
types of price discrimination
1. first degree price discrimination : here sellers charge each consumer at their willingness to pay in order to eliminate consumer surplus.
2. second degree price discrimination : here firms offer different prices depending on the quantity purchased. e.g. giving discounts for bulk purchases.
3, third degree price discrimination : firms charge different prices to different groups of customers. e.g. having a certain price for senior citizens, students
An important first step in adapting a product to a foreign market is to determine the Group of answer choices personal ethics of individuals in the target market. language problem of the intended market. product's compliancy to irrational beliefs of its potential foreign consumers. regional political parties present in the domestic market. degree of newness of the product as perceived by the intended market.
Answer:
degree of newness of the product as perceived by the intended market.
Explanation:
As the new product is in the market so the willing of the consumers are to evaluate the production that depends upon the product newness in the market
The other options are incorrect as if the evaluation of the consumers depend upon the irrational beliefs so it would not be intended to purchased
Therefore the last option is correct
hence, the same is to be considered
Chester Corp. ended the year carrying $21,490,000 worth of inventory. Had they sold their entire inventory at their current prices, how many more dollars of contribution margin would it have brought to Chester Corp.
Answer: $21,490,000
Explanation:
Contribution Margin is simply the Sales less the value of variable costs.
If the inventory had been sold in its entirety, it would have added its value to the sales which means that sales would have increased by the value of the inventory which is $21,490,000.
Define the three economic effects of oligopoly
Answer:
Some of the oligopoly effects are discussed as follows:
i. Restriction on output:
Implies that oligopoly results in small output and high prices as compared to other market structures, such as perfect competition.
ii. Price exceeds average costs:Implies that under oligopoly, there are restrictions on entry of new organizations. Thus, organizations charge prices more than the average costs. Therefore, consumers have to pay more in case of oligopoly market.
iii. Lower Efficiency:
Leads to non-optimum levels of output. This is because the output produced under oligopoly depends on the market share held by the organization. Thus, the oligopoly organizations fail to build the optimum scales of economies and achieve optimum output.
iv. Selling Costs:
Refer to high promotional costs. The oligopolists engage in high promotion tasks to take the share of its rivals. Thus, the resources are wasted in form of high selling costs which do not add to the satisfaction of customers.
Apart from aforementioned points, oligopoly shows the poor performance from various other angles. From the point of economic welfare, it fails to satisfy customers since the price charged is very high, even more than average costs. In addition, sometimes oligopolists may face wasteful fluctuations in output as the output is not determined optimally.
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Sheffield Company originally issued 5400 shares of $10 par value common stock for $162000 ($30 per share). Sheffield subsequently purchases 530 shares of treasury stock for $26 per share and resells the 530 shares of treasury stock for $31 per share. In the entry to record the sale of the treasury stock, there will be a:______.
a. credit to Paid-In Capital from Treasury Stock for $2650.
b. credit to Common Stock for $13780.
c. credit to Treasury Stock for $5300.
d. debit to Paid-In Capital in Excess of Par of $15900.
Answer:
a. credit to Paid-In Capital from Treasury Stock for $2650.
Explanation:
the complete journal entries required to record the 3 operations:
Dr Cash 162,000
Cr Common stock 54,000
Cr Additional paid in capital 108,000
Dr Treasury stock 13,780
Cr Cash 13,780
Dr Cash 16,430
Cr Treasury stock 13,780
Cr Additional paid in capital 2,650
Assets Liabilities
Total Reserves $60,000
Demand Deposits $200,000
Loans $140,000
The balance sheet above shows the financial situation for the Car central bank has set a reserve requirement of 10 percent. What is additional money Carland National Bank can create?
a. $600,000.
b. $40,000.
c. $200,000.
d. $60,000.
e. $400,000.
Answer:
b. $40,000
Explanation:
Calculation for What additional money Carland National Bank can create
Using this formula
Additional money=Total Reserves-(Demand Deposits*Reserve requirement percentage)
Let plug in the formula
Additional money = $60,000 -( $200,000*10%)
Additional money = $60,000-$20,000
Additional money = $40,000
Therefore the additional money Carland National Bank can create will be $40,000
Newton Manufacturing has 31,000 labor hours available for producing M and N. Consider the following information: Product M Product N Required labor time per unit (hours) 2 3 Maximum demand (units) 6,500 8,000 Contribution margin per unit $ 5 $ 5.70 Contribution margin per labor hour $ 2.50 $ 1.90 If Newton follows proper managerial accounting practices in terms of setting a production schedule, how much contribution margin would the company expect to generate
Answer:
total contribution margin = $68,500
Explanation:
31,000 hours of labor available
Product M Product N
Required labor time per unit (hours) 2 3
Maximum demand (units) 6,500 8,000
Contribution margin per unit $5 $5.70
Contribution margin per labor hour $2.50 $1.90
since the constraint here is the total number of labor hours, the company must first produce the product that generates the highest contribution margin per labor hour = product M.
total units produced of product M = 6,500
total labor hours required = 6,500 x 2 = 13,000
contribution margin product M = 13,000 x $2.50 = $32,500
remaining labor hours = 31,000 - 13,000 = 18,000
total units of product N produced = 18,000 / 6 = 6,000
contribution margin product N= 18,000 x $2 = $36,000
total contribution margin = $68,500
You are planning to save for retirement over the next 25 years. To do this, you will invest $820 per month in a stock account and $420 per month in a bond account. The return of the stock account is expected to be 10.2 percent, and the bond account will pay 6.2 percent. When you retire, you will combine your money into an account with a return of 7.2 percent. How much can you withdraw each month from your account assuming a 20-year withdrawal period
Answer:
$10,460
Explanation:
You will contribute 25 x 12 = 300 monthly payments to your savings accounts. In order to determine their future value, we must first determine the effective interest rates:
stock account = 1.102 = (1 + r)¹²
¹²√1.102 = ¹²√(1 + r)¹²1.008127 = 1 + rr = 0.008127 = 0.81% monthly ratebond account = 1.102 = (1 + r)¹²
¹²√1.062 = ¹²√(1 + r)¹²1.0050 = 1 + rr = 0.005 = 0.5% monthly rateIn 25 years, you will have:
stock account = $820 x 1,265.21433 (PV annuity factor, 0.81%, 300 periods) = $1,037,475.75bond account = $420 x 692.99396 (PV annuity factor, 0.5%, 300 periods) = $291,057.46total = $1,328,533.21using the payout annuity formula:
P₀ = [d (1 - (1 + r/x)⁻ⁿˣ)] / (r/x)
P₀ = $1,328,533.21d = monthly withdrawal = ? r = annual interest rate = 0.072 x = number of compounding periods = 12n = number of years = 20$1,328,533.21 = [d (1 - (1 + 0.072/12)⁻²⁴⁰)] / (0.072/12)
$7,971.20 = d (1 - 0.23795)
$7,971.20 = d (0.762)
d = $7,971.20 / 0.762 = $10,460
Bramble Corp. purchased a truck at the beginning of 2020 for $109000. The truck is estimated to have a salvage value of $3700 and a useful life of 121000 miles. It was driven 21000 miles in 2020 and 29000 miles in 2021. What is the depreciation expense for 2021
Answer:
2020 = 18275.206
2021 = 25237.190
Explanation:
Cost of truck at beginning of 2020 = $109,000
Salvage value = $3700
Useful life = 121,000 miles
Miles driven in 2020 = 21000
Miles driven in 2021 = 29000
Depreciation expense 2020:
((Cost of asset - salvage value) / useful life) * miles driven in 2020
((109,000 - 3700) / 121000) * 21000
0.8702479 * 21000 = 18275.206
Depreciation expense 2021:
((109,000 - 3700) / 121000) * 29000
= 25237.190
Beginning inventory, purchases, and sales data for prepaid cell phones for May are as follows: Inventory Purchases Sales May 1 1,300 units at $36 May 10 650 units at $38 May 12 910 units May 20 585 units at $40 May 14 780 units May 31 390 units Assuming that the perpetual inventory system is used, costing by the LIFO method, determine the cost of merchandise sold for each sale and the inventory balance after each sale. Under LIFO, if units are in inventory at two different costs, enter the units with the HIGHER unit cost first in the Cost of Merchandise Sold Unit Cost column and LOWER unit cost first in the Inventory Unit Cost column.
Answer:
total cost of goods sold = $78,520
Explanation:
Inventory Purchases Sales
May 1 1,300 units at $36
May 10 650 units at $38
May 12 910 units
Cost of goods sold = (650 x $38) + (260 x $36) = $34,060
May 20 585 units at $40
May 14 780 units
Cost of goods sold = (585 x $40) + (195 x $36) = $30,420
May 31 390 units
Cost of goods sold = 390 x $36 = $14,040
total cost of goods sold = $34,060 + $30,420 + $14,040 = $78,520
Brad's Diner is expanding and expects operating cash flows of $32,000 a year for 4 years as a result. This expansion requires $39,000 in new fixed assets. These assets will be worthless at the end of the project. In addition, the project requires $3,000 of net working capital throughout the life of the project. What is the net present value of this expansion project at a required rate of return of 12 percent
Answer: $57,101.73
Explanation:
First find the present value of the cash inflows. The $32,000 is a constant payment so is an annuity. The net working capital will be realized at the end of the project as well.
Present value of cash inflows = (32,000 * Present value interest factor of an annuity, 4 years, 12%) + 3,000/ (1 + 12%)⁴
= (32,000 * 3.0373) + 1,906.55
= $99,101.73
NPV = Present value of inflows - Outflows
= 99,100.15 - (39,000 + 3,000)
= $57,101.73
Mini, Inc., earns pretax book net income of $1,900,000 in 2019. Mini deducted $196,400 in bad debt expense for book purposes. This expense is not yet deductible for tax purposes. Mini reports $1,995,000 of pretax book net income in 2020. Mini did not recognize any bad debt expense for book purposes in 2020 but did deduct $147,300 in bad debt expense for tax purposes. Mini reports no other temporary or permanent differences. The applicable U.S. Federal corporate income tax rate is 21%, and Mini earns an after-tax rate of return on capital of 8%. Enter below the 2020 end-of-year balance in Mini's deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability balance sheet accounts.
If an amount is zero, enter "0". If required, round your answers to the nearest dollar.
2020
a. Deferred tax asset account balance $
b. Deferred tax liability account balance $
c. In time value of money terms, what has been the cost to Mini of the deferred tax deduction for bad debts? The present value factor at 8% is 0.9259.
Answer:
a. $10,311
b. $0
c. $9,546.95
Explanation:
a. Deferred tax asset account:
= Deferred tax asset 2019 + Deferred tax asset 2020
Deferred tax asset 2019 = Bad debt for book purposes * tax rate
= 196,400 * 21%
= $41,244
Deferred tax asset 2020 = Bad debt for tax purposes * tax rate
= 147,300 * 21%
= -$30,933
Deferred tax account balance = 41,244 + (- 30,933)
= $10,311
b. Deferred tax liability account = $0
From the given details there are no tax liabilities.
c. Cost to Mini;
= Deferred tax asset * Present value factor
= 10,311 * 0.9259
= $9,546.95
The amount of income tax payable in future years or subsequent periods in respect of taxable transitory differences is referred to as the deferred tax liability. To put it another way, deferred tax (DT) is a tax that is due in the future.
The answers for questions a, b, and c are $10,311, no tax liabilities ($0), and $ 9.546.95 respectively.
a. Computation of Deferred tax asset (DT) account:
[tex]= \text{DT of 2019} + \text {DT of 2020}\\\text{DT of 2019}= \text{ Bad debts for book purchases} \text{ x } \text{Tax rate}\\\text{DT of 2019}= 196,400 \text{ x } 0.21\\\text{DT of 2019}= 41,244\\\\\text{DT of 2020}= \text{ Bad debts for book purchases} \text{ x } \text{Tax rate}\\\text{DT of 2020}= 147,300 \text{ x } 0.21\\\text{DT of 2020}= 30,933\\\\\text{ DT balance}= 41,244 + (-30,933) \\\text{ DT balance}=10,311[/tex]
b. Deferred tax liability account = $0
There are no tax liabilities based on the information provided.
c. Computation of the cost to Mini;
DT = Deferred Asset Tax
PV = Present value factor
[tex]=\text{DT} \text{ x } \text{PV}\\\= 10,311 \text{ x } 0.9259\\\=9,546.95[/tex]
Therefore, the deferred tax deduction for bad debts is $9,546.95
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Assume that the accounts receivable (in millions) were $1,308 at the beginning of
1. Compute the accounts receivable turnover for Year 2 and Year 1. Round to two decima
Best Buy, Media Play,
Buy reported the following (in millions):
Sales
Accounts receivable at end of year
fiscal Year 1.
Year 2
$39,528
1,162
Year 1
$40,339
1,280
places.
2. Compute the days' sales in receivables at the end of Year 2 and Year 1. Use 365 dans
and round to one decimal place.
3.
What conclusions can be drawn from (1) and (2) regarding Best Buys
efficiency in collecting receivables?
4.
What assumption did we make about sales for the Best Buy ratio computa-
tions that might distort the ratios and therefore cause the ratios not to be comparable
for Year 2 and Year 1?
Answer:
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In the Month of March, Baldwin Corporation received orders of 147 units at a price of $15.00 for their product Bill. Baldwin uses the accrual method of accounting and offers 30 day credit terms. Baldwin delivers 98 units in March and the balance of 49 units in April. They received payment for 49 units in March, 49 units in April, and 49 units in May. How much revenue is recognized on the March income statement from this order
Answer: $1,470
Explanation:
The Accrual method of Accounting means that revenue is to be recognized in the period the product was delivered to the customers.
In March, Baldwin delivered 98 units so the revenue recognized in March is;
= 98 * 15
= $1,470
A project with a zero net present value indicates that it is acceptable. unacceptable. going to have an acceptable cash payback period. profitable.
Answer:
acceptable.
Explanation:
Project management can be defined as the process of designing, planning, developing, leading and execution of a project plan or activities using a set of skills, tools, knowledge, techniques and experience to achieve the set goals and objectives of creating a unique product or service.
Generally, projects are considered to be temporary because they usually have a start-time and an end-time to complete, execute or implement the project plan.
The net present value (NPV) of a project can be defined as the difference between present value of cash-inflow into a project and that of cash-outflow over a specific period of time. Thus, it is simply the value of all cash-flows for a project with respect to its life span.
A project with a zero net present value indicates that it is acceptable.
This ultimately implies that, investors and project managers are advised to only invest in projects that are having a positive net present value that is greater than or equal to zero.
why does this app suck i a way? i looked at this question: The managers want to know how many boxes of 12 cookies can be filled with the 3,258 cookies that have been baked. Fatima starts by subtracting the largest number of boxes she can easily calculate. She knows that 100 boxes of 12 cookies can be put into one crate. How many crates can be filled from the total of 3,258 cookies?
then an expert verified its 3 so i put it in and it said incorrect. am i not getting something or is it maybe incorrect in my platform?
Answer:
this app is fine, it has helped me a lot
Explanation:
BUT, you shouldnt rely on it all the time, unless you're genuinely struggling on grasping a topic I suggest trying to teach to yourself.
Problems and Applications Q4 Suppose that the government imposes a tax on heating oil. True or False: The deadweight loss from this tax would likely be larger in the fifth year after it is imposed than in the first year as demand for heating oil becomes more elastic. True False The tax revenue collected from a tax on heating oil is likely to be in the first year after it is imposed than in the fifth year.
Answer:
TrueTrueExplanation:
The deadweight loss in the fifth year will indeed be higher in the fifth year than in the first because deadweight loss has been shown to increase with elasticity.
As demand becomes more elastic as a result of the oil becoming more expensive, tax revenue will decrease in future which means that tax revenue will be less in five years than in the first.
On January 1, 2020, Novak Corp. had inventory of $56,500. At December 31, 2020, Novak had the following account balances.
Freight-in $4,800
Purchases 509500
Purchase discounts 8000
Purchase returns and allowances 2700
Sales revenue 807000
Sales discounts 6000
Sales returns and allowances 10,900
At December 31, 2020, Novak determines that its ending inventory is $66,500.
Required:
Compute Novak's 2020 gross profit.
Compute Novak's 2020 operating expenses if net income is $143,000 and thre are no nonoperating activities.
Answer:
Gross Profit ⇒ $296,500Operating expenses ⇒ $153,500Explanation:
Gross Profit;
= Net sales - Cost of Goods sold
Net sales = Sales revenue - sales discounts - sales returns and allowances
= 807,000 - 6,000 - 10,900
= $790,100
Cost of Goods sold
= Opening balance + Purchases + Freight-in - Purchase discounts - Purchase returns and allowances -closing balance
= 56,500 + 509,500 + 4,800 - 8,000 - 2,700 - 66,500
= $493,600
Gross Profit = 790,100 - 493,600
= $296,500
Operating Expense
Net Income = Gross profit - operating expenses
143,000 = 296,500 - operating expenses
Operating expenses = 296,500 - 143,000
= $153,500
how the consumer motivated to purchase product. what are the critaria and decision making
Answer:
In plain terms, the consumer motivation is the set of cognitive factors driving a customer's determination to make a single sale. The payment is the ultimate product of a "Purchaser's Process" scheme, a three-stage mechanism consisting of:
1.Awareness.
2.Interest.
Determination
Select the examples of layoffs. Check all that apply. India loses her job as an Urban Planner because the city ran out of funding. Tori loses her job as a Foreign Service Officer because she is not good at communicating with or negotiating with foreign officials. Hunter loses his job as a Tax Examiner because he keeps making mistakes. Fidel loses his job as an Eligibility Interviewer because Legislators decided to cut his department, even though Fidel was very good at his job.
Answer:
Fidel loses his job as an Eligibility Interviewer because Legislators decided to cut his department, even though Fidel was very good at his job.
Explanation:
A layoff refers to the termination of an employment contract due to a shortage of work. Employers initiate layoffs. They may be a temporary suspension of employment or permanent termination.
Layoffs are not a result of an employee's fault or incompetency. They may be caused by declining revenue, some operations' shutdown, automation of processes, and outsourcing of some services.
Fidel's case was a layoff. There was no work available for him after his department was shutdown.
Answer:
A.) India loses her job as an Urban Planner because the city ran out of funding.
D.) Fidel loses his job as an Eligibility Interviewer because Legislators decided to cut his department, even though Fidel was very good at his job.
Explanation:
I don't have an explanation but I did get this right on edge
Rachel's Designs has 1,900 shares of 6%, $50 par value cumulative preferred stock issued at the beginning of 2019. All remaining shares are common stock. Due to cash flow difficulties, the company was not able to pay dividends in 2019 or 2020. The company plans to pay total dividends of $19,000 in 2021. How much of the $19,000 dividend will be paid to preferred stockholders and how much will be paid to common stockholders
Answer:
Preferred Dividend = $17,100Common Dividend = $1,900Explanation:
Cumulative preferred stockholders will always have their dividends paid to them eventually because the dividends will accrue for years where they went unpaid.
This means that in 2021 they will be paid their dividends for the years 2019, 2020 and 2021.
Yearly preferred dividend = 1,900 * 6% * 50
= $5,700
Preferred dividends in 2021 = 5,700 * 3
= $17,100
Common stockholders would get = 19,000 - 17,100
= $1,900
What are the step(s) when using the Sales with Payment customer
workflow?
Answer:
Option (d) is correct
Explanation:
Create Invoice > Receive Payment deposited to the Undeposited Funds account > Create Bank Deposit.
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Present owners of a network good receivegreater benefits as new buyers purchase the good. How do network externalities help a monopoly retain its market power? By exploiting network externalities, a firm can become a natural monopoly. If there are strong network externalities associated with a good, other goods are poor substitutes for it. Goods with network externalities are more likely to receive a government patent.
Answer:
How network externalities help a monopoly retain its market power:
By exploiting network externalities, a firm can become a natural monopoly.
Explanation:
In economics, Network externality describes a situation whereby the demand for a product depends on the demand of other consumers buying that product. This implies that the value of the product to the consumer is increased because others are joining as buyers. The present owners of a network product will actually gain more benefits as new buyers purchase the good because the fixed costs of rendering the service or providing the good are not increased with increasing buyers, but remain the same over a relevant range.
Mr. Dealer bought a fleet of SUVs (sport utility vehicles) from General Motors (GM) on credit, GM agreeing not to assign the resulting account receivable without Dealer's consent. GM later, without debtor dealer's consent, assigned the account to The Bank of New York (BNY) for consideration. Dealer made payments to BNY, but claimed damages from GM for breach of contract. 1. Could Dealer collect damages from GM
Answer:
Yes, Dealer could collect damages from GM because basically GM breached the contract. Any time a contract is breached, the non-breaching party can sue. But the real question here is what amount could the court assign to Dealer as compensation for damages incurred. If you want to rephrase this question, it would be: What damages did Dealer suffer due to GM's breach.
If the damages are not significant, then the court will probably assign some amount for nominal damages. To be honest, the greatest expenses here are actually the legal costs of the lawsuit. Unless Dealer can prove that assigning the contract actually hurt them (which I doubt), then the court will assign a small amount. Sometimes nominal damages can be very small and mostly symbolic, e.g. $1.
The Dealer could not collect damages from GM because he did not suffer any harm from the assignment of the account receivable.
The Dealer could have refused to pay the Bank of New York and claimed a breach of contract against GM Motors. But it was not a material breach.
Secondly, the sales agreement with GM Motors only required the debtor dealer's consent before the assignment. It did not forbid GM Motors from assigning the account. It does not seem that any penalty was agreed upon for breach of this clause.
Thus, the Debtor Dealer could not collect damages from GM Motors because he cannot substantially prove that GM's action put him in financial loss.
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