Using the information given in 12. above, and assuming that alt the required ad usting entries have tieen correctly. made - whist thould be the amount shown on Greens june 30,2017 Balance 5 heet for Unearned Service Revenue? A. 560,000 8. $48,000 C. $36,000 D. 10 E. None of the above

In an organization implementing a Total Quality Management (TQM) strategy, there are several changes that need to occur to achieve the desired outcomes.

TQM focuses on continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, and employee involvement. Let's explore the difference between problem-solving and decision-making within this context using an organization as an example.

Problem-Solving:

Problem-solving refers to the process of identifying, analyzing, and resolving issues or challenges within an organization. In a TQM strategy, problem-solving is an essential component for achieving continuous improvement. Here's how a company may approach problem-solving:

Define the problem: Clearly identify the issue or challenge that needs to be addressed. This involves gathering information, analyzing data, and understanding the root cause of the problem.

Generate possible solutions: Encourage employees at all levels to contribute ideas and potential solutions. This can be done through brainstorming sessions, employee suggestion programs, or cross-functional teams.

Evaluate options: Assess the feasibility and effectiveness of each potential solution. Consider factors such as costs, resources required, impact on quality and customer satisfaction, and alignment with organizational goals.

Select and implement a solution: Choose the most appropriate solution and develop an action plan for its implementation. Assign responsibilities, set timelines, and establish measurable objectives.

Monitor and evaluate results: Regularly review the implemented solution to assess its effectiveness and make necessary adjustments. Monitor key performance indicators (KPIs) and solicit feedback from employees, customers, and other stakeholders.

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In the United Kingdom, it is recommended that adults should consume at least five portions of a variety of fruit and vegetables every day. An adult portion of fruit or vegetables is considered 80 g. The significance of a balanced diet with an appropriate intake of nutrients is well-established.

Vegetables and fruits are an important source of minerals and vitamins. However, the consumption of fruits and vegetables is deficient among UK adults, despite numerous campaigns promoting their intake. According to the 2018 report, only 28% of adults were eating the recommended five portions of fruit and vegetables per day. The average (mean) was 3.7 portions per day. This indicates that the majority of the population is not meeting the recommended dietary guidelines. This poor dietary habit poses a risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers.

Further, fewer men than women meet the five-a-day guideline, and young people aged 16 to 24 are also less likely than other adults to get their five-a-day. One possible reason for this could be that people have difficulty incorporating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables into their busy lives or a lack of awareness about the benefits of eating fruits and vegetables. These issues must be addressed with effective initiatives and campaigns aimed at promoting fruit and vegetable consumption. Furthermore, governments and schools should take action to promote healthy eating habits, including the incorporation of fruits and vegetables into meals, to raise awareness about the importance of a balanced diet.

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The statement that is NOT correct is c) Financial media seems to recognize how overconfident CEOs describe their business opportunities. A description of the correct statement has been discussed below.Overconfident CEOs are likely to exercise their ESOs nearer the ESO’s expiration date than non- overconfident CEOs: Financial media is not capable of recognizing CEO's overconfidence while describing their business opportunities.

This statement is correct. Overconfident CEOs believe that their firm's stock prices will rise in the future, hence the overconfidence in their abilities makes them postpone the exercise of their ESOs.CEO’s overconfidence is likely to increase when it takes time before the outcome is revealed: This statement is correct. CEOs become more overconfident when it takes a more extended period to observe the outcome of their decisions. CEO's Overconfidence is one form of agency conflict between owners and managers: This statement is correct. The agency conflict arises when the CEO’s interest is not aligned with the owner's interest, leading to a conflict of interest. CEO's Overconfidence is a type of conflict that arises due to CEO's overestimating their ability to make successful decisions. Therefore, option c) is NOT correct. Financial media is not capable of recognizing CEO's overconfidence while describing their business opportunities.

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Case Study Seven: Starbucks at the Airport: Discrimination in Public Spaces

Starbucks at the Airport: Discrimination in Public Spaces

The Starbucks Coffee Company, which operates a worldwide chain of coffeehouses, is the protagonist of the case study number seven, “Starbucks at the Airport: Discrimination in Public Spaces.”

The case study discusses a Starbucks in the airport where a barista refused to serve a Black man in June 2015. The barista allegedly refused to provide the client with a receipt as well.

The case study discusses how the racism in public spaces and public institutions can lead to more extensive racist issues within society.

This can create systemic inequality that can have a significant effect on the long-term lives of individuals belonging to underrepresented and marginalized groups in society.

Starbucks decided to apologize and take corrective measures following the incident. After this incident, Starbucks launched a “Race Together” campaign to encourage discussions of racism and promote dialogue about the subject.

This case study is related to the concepts of equity, diversity, and inclusion.

Discrimination, especially when it is structural and ingrained in social systems, can have a severe impact on the marginalized population.

The Starbucks case study demonstrates the significance of using inclusive and equitable approaches to make public spaces more accessible and welcoming to all.

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To hedge a short sale, an investor could buy a call to benefit from an increase in the price of this underlying asset. Short-selling is a strategy that involves borrowing securities and selling them to profit from the decline in prices.

An investor needs to return the borrowed securities by buying them back from the market. If the price of the underlying asset rises, it could lead to a loss for the investor. In order to hedge this risk, an investor can buy a call option that gives them the right but not the obligation to purchase the underlying asset at a pre-determined price. If the price of the underlying asset rises, the call option will also rise in value, offsetting the losses incurred from the short sale. A put option would be an appropriate hedge for a long position since it allows the holder to sell the underlying asset at a pre-determined price.

A call option is an appropriate hedge for a short position since it allows the holder to buy the underlying asset at a pre-determined price. In conclusion, to hedge a short sale, an investor could buy a call option to benefit from an increase in the price of the underlying asset.

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The rights and acceptable activities within a profession are defined by professional ethics and standards.

Professional ethics and standards play a crucial role in defining the rights and acceptable activities within a profession. These guidelines are established to ensure that professionals adhere to certain principles, maintain a high level of competence, and act in the best interests of their clients, organizations, or the public. Professional ethics outline the moral and ethical obligations that professionals must uphold. They provide guidelines for behavior, integrity, confidentiality, and the responsible use of professional knowledge and skills. These ethics are often developed and enforced by professional associations or regulatory bodies specific to each profession. In addition to ethics, professional standards set forth the expected level of knowledge, competence, and performance within a profession.

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(a) Forward price for such a contract can be computed as follows: Forward price (Fo)

= Spot price × e^(Rf × T), where Rf is the risk-free rate and T is the time to maturity. Here,Spot price

= $12.50 per bushel, Rf

= 1.0% per annum with continuous compounding,

T = 6/12

= 0.5 (as six months

= 0.5 year)

= $12.50 × e^(0.01 × 0.5)

= $12.5665 (rounded off to four decimal places).The cost of storage is $0.50 per bushel (in present value terms).

= $13.00 per bushel. The lower bound on the forward price is equal to the spot price because the seller can store the soybeans for six months and then deliver them in the forward contract.

Therefore, the lower bound on Fo is $12.50 per bushel. Hence, the bounds on the forward price Fo are:$12.50 ≤ Fo ≤ $13.00 per bushel.(b) Yes, this is an arbitrage opportunity because the market price of $12.20 per bushel is less than the lower bound of $12.50 per bushel computed in part (a). Hence, an arbitrageur can buy soybeans at the current market price of $12.20

= $0.80 per bushel. Therefore, the arbitrage strategy is to buy soybeans at the current market price, store them for six months, and then sell them in the forward market at the lower bound price.

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Quantitative easing is an example of expansionary monetary policy where the central bank purchases longer-term assets that are not normally purchased from commercial banks.

Quantitative easing (QE) is a monetary policy where a central bank purchases securities, typically longer-term government bonds, from commercial banks and other financial institutions, in order to increase the supply of money and reduce interest rates. This results in an increase in the money supply, which makes it easier for consumers and businesses to borrow money in order to increase spending, which in turn, can help stimulate economic growth.

This is an example of expansionary monetary policy as it helps to expand the money supply. When interest rates are low, banks are more willing to lend, which can lead to increased spending by businesses and consumers. This increased spending can help to stimulate economic growth. Therefore, the central bank purchases longer-term assets that are not normally purchased from commercial banks in order to expand the money supply and increase economic activity.

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The capital efficiency ratio (NPV/PVI) for the given project is 24.4%.

In order to calculate the capital efficiency ratio (NPV / PVI) for the project, we need to follow the given steps:

Calculation of present value of all the cash flows associated with the project:

Year0Outflow (47,000)Year1-4

Outflow (47,000)Year5-10

Inflow (110,000)Year11-16Inflow (120,000)Year17-22Inflow (160,000)Year5-10

Outflow (70,000)Year11-16

Outflow (80,000)Year17-22

Outflow (100,000)

The present value of all cash flows can be calculated as:

NPV = -47,000 - 47,000 - 47,000 - 47,000 + 110,000/(1.12)^5 + 110,000/(1.12)^6 + 110,000/(1.12)^7 + 110,000/(1.12)^8 + 110,000/(1.12)^9 + 110,000/(1.12)^10 + 120,000/(1.12)^11 + 120,000/(1.12)^12 + 120,000/(1.12)^13 + 120,000/(1.12)^14 + 120,000/(1.12)^15 + 120,000/(1.12)^16 + 160,000/(1.12)^17 + 160,000/(1.12)^18 + 160,000/(1.12)^19 + 160,000/(1.12)^20 + 160,000/(1.12)^21 + 160,000/(1.12)^22 - 70,000/(1.12)^5 - 70,000/(1.12)^6 - 70,000/(1.12)^7 - 70,000/(1.12)^8 - 70,000/(1.12)^9 - 70,000/(1.12)^10 - 80,000/(1.12)^11 - 80,000/(1.12)^12 - 80,000/(1.12)^13 - 80,000/(1.12)^14 - 80,000/(1.12)^15 - 80,000/(1.12)^16 - 100,000/(1.12)^17 - 100,000/(1.12)^18 - 100,000/(1.12)^19 - 100,000/(1.12)^20 - 100,000/(1.12)^21 - 100,000/(1.12)^22NPV = R$45,876.74

Calculation of the present value of investments (PVI):

PVI = R$47,000 + R$47,000 + R$47,000 + R$47,000PVI = R$188,000

Capital efficiency ratio (NPV/PVI):

Capital efficiency ratio = NPV/PVI

Capital efficiency ratio = R$45,876.74/R$188,000

Capital efficiency ratio = 0.244 or 24.4%

Therefore, the capital efficiency ratio (NPV/PVI) for the given project is 24.4%.

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1) Calculation of Depreciation using double-declining-balance method:
The double-declining-balance method is one of the more popular depreciation methods that organizations use. This method is faster than the straight-line method. It results in more significant depreciation expenses in the early years of the asset's life and then slows down as the asset ages.

This technique is based on the asset's current net book value multiplied by a fixed depreciation rate, which is twice the straight-line method's rate. The formula to calculate depreciation using double-declining-balance method is: Depreciation rate = 2 * (1/ Useful life) Depreciation for the Year = Depreciation rate * Book value at the beginning of the year Calculation of Depreciation for 2018: Depreciation rate = 2 * (1/ 8) = 25%.

Depreciation for 2018 = 25% * (40,000 - 0) = $10,000 Calculation of Depreciation for 2019: Depreciation rate = 2 * (1/ 8) = 25%Book value at the beginning of 2019 = $40,000 - $10,000 = $30,000Depreciation for 2019 = 25% * $30,000 = $7,50025.

2).Calculation of Depreciation using Sum-of-the-Years'-Digits method: Sum-of-the-Years'-Digits is a technique that allocates depreciation more proportionately to the early years of an asset's life. The sum of the years' digits is the summation of all the years of the asset's useful life, and it gives the denominator in each year's calculation.

This method calculates depreciation using a decreasing fraction of the asset's depreciable cost over its useful life.

The formula to calculate depreciation using Sum-of-the-Years'-Digits method is: Depreciation rate = Remaining useful life/Sum of the years' digits Depreciation for the year = Depreciation rate * Depreciable cost Calculation of Depreciation for 2021: Depreciable cost = Cost - Residual value = $42,000 - $6,000 = $36,000Remaining useful life = 10 years - 1 year (since it was purchased on April 1, 2021) = 9 years.

Sum of the years' digits = 10 + 9 + 8 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 55 Depreciation rate = Remaining useful life/Sum of the years' digits= 9/55Depreciation for 2021 = 9/55 * $36,000 = $5,872.73.

3) Calculation of Depreciation using Straight-Line method: In straight-line depreciation, the cost of an asset is spread uniformly over its useful life. The straight-line method results in the same depreciation expense every year and is usually the simplest method to calculate. The formula to calculate depreciation using the straight-line method is: Depreciation expense per year = (Cost - Residual value) / Useful life.

Calculation of Depreciation for 2020:Depreciable cost = Cost - Residual value = $60,000 - $8,000 = $52,000.

Useful life = Total life - Life already expired = 6 - 4 = 2 years. Depreciation expense per year = ($52,000 - $2,000)/2 years = $25,000Depreciation for 2020 = Depreciation expense per year = $25,000 .

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TQM maximizes customer satisfaction by involving all employees in efforts to continually improve quality. TQM or Total Quality Management is a management approach that aims to maximize customer satisfaction and improve the overall quality of an organization's products or services. The following are the ways by which TQM maximizes customer satisfaction:

Involving all employees in efforts to continually improve quality:TQM involves all employees in the organization in efforts to continually improve quality. This approach is based on the belief that quality is everyone's responsibility, not just the responsibility of a particular department or group. By involving all employees in quality improvement efforts, TQM maximizes customer satisfaction by ensuring that everyone in the organization is committed to meeting or exceeding customer expectations.

Viewing external customers as coworkers: TQM views external customers as coworkers. This approach recognizes that the relationship between a company and its customers is a partnership, and that both parties have a stake in the success of the relationship. By viewing external customers as coworkers, TQM maximizes customer satisfaction by fostering a sense of collaboration and shared responsibility for quality.

Limiting product defects to 3.4 million or fewer: TQM does not limit product defects to 3.4 million or fewer. This statement is not accurate. Rather, TQM aims to eliminate defects altogether, rather than just limiting them to a certain number. By eliminating defects, TQM maximizes customer satisfaction by ensuring that customers receive high-quality products or services that meet or exceed their expectations.

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The statement that "Every finite extensive-form game of imperfect information admits at least one pure-strategy Nash equilibrium" is true. A pure strategy Nash equilibrium is a situation in a game where each player has made their best choice and no player has an incentive to change their strategy given the other player's choices.

The Nash equilibrium is named after Nobel Prize-winning economist John Nash. This principle is used in game theory, which is a branch of mathematics and economics that models decision-making in situations where multiple players interact with each other and have competing interests. In a finite extensive-form game of imperfect information, there exists at least one Nash equilibrium that is in pure strategy.

The proof of the theorem relies on backward induction. It states that for each subgame of the original game, we can identify the Nash equilibria of that subgame. This is true because, in the subgame, each player knows the strategies of the other players. Therefore, they can predict each other's moves and choose their own strategies accordingly. From this, we can work backwards until we reach the root of the game tree, where the Nash equilibrium of the entire game can be found. Therefore, we can conclude that the statement is true.

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The statement "The purchase transaction related to a billable expense can be posted to another asset account" is true. The correct statement is d).

When recording a purchase transaction for a billable expense, it is common to post it to an asset account, such as an accounts payable or a specific expense account.

This allows for proper tracking of the expense until it is billed to the customer. Once the billable expense is invoiced to the customer, it can then be posted to an income account to recognize the revenue and offset the expense.

Additionally, a default markup dollar amount can be added when invoicing for billable expenses, but it is not required. The correct answer is d).

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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is given below "  Which statement is true about billable expenses?

a default markup dollar amount can be added

b invoicing for a billable expense must always be posted to an income account

c The purchase transaction related to a billable expense can be posted to an income account

d The purchase transaction related to a billable expense can be posted to another asset account"--

Title: The Most Significant Legal Issues Confronting Businesses Expanding into Foreign Markets

Expanding into foreign markets presents businesses with numerous opportunities for growth and profitability. However, such ventures are accompanied by various legal challenges that require careful consideration and planning. This paper aims to explore two of the most crucial legal issues facing businesses seeking to enter foreign markets and provide an in-depth analysis of their significance. The chosen issues are intellectual property rights protection and compliance with foreign laws and regulations.

Intellectual property (IP) rights encompass patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets, among others. Protecting these rights is crucial for businesses as they venture into foreign markets. Failure to adequately safeguard IP can lead to substantial financial losses, loss of competitive advantage, and damage to brand reputation. Two key aspects within IP rights protection include:

Counterfeiting and piracy pose significant challenges to businesses entering foreign markets. The unauthorized reproduction and distribution of counterfeit goods and the infringement of copyrighted materials can undermine a company's reputation and erode consumer trust. These activities not only result in lost sales and revenue but also hinder market penetration and long-term growth.

Moreover, certain countries may have weak enforcement mechanisms or lax IP protection laws, making it easier for counterfeiters to operate. This necessitates proactive measures such as monitoring the market, collaborating with local authorities, and employing technology to detect and deter counterfeiting activities. Developing strong relationships with local partners and stakeholders can also enhance a business's ability to combat counterfeiting effectively.

Expanding into foreign markets often requires businesses to engage in technology transfer, such as sharing trade secrets or licensing proprietary technologies. However, this transfer can expose businesses to the risk of intellectual property leakage. Foreign partners or competitors may exploit vulnerabilities in legal systems, misappropriate technology, or engage in reverse engineering, thereby compromising a business's competitive advantage.

To mitigate this risk, businesses must carefully structure and negotiate technology transfer agreements, emphasizing confidentiality and security measures. Conducting due diligence on potential partners and monitoring compliance with contractual obligations is essential. Additionally,

leveraging legal frameworks such as patents and trademarks, and seeking registration and protection of IP rights in the target country, can strengthen a business's position and deter unauthorized use.

II. Compliance with Foreign Laws and Regulations:

Entering foreign markets necessitates understanding and adhering to the legal and regulatory frameworks of the host country. Non-compliance can result in severe consequences, including fines, legal disputes, reputational damage, and the potential for business closure. The two primary legal compliance issues are:

Many countries have stringent laws and regulations in place to combat corruption and bribery. However, businesses may encounter jurisdictions with higher corruption levels, which can present ethical dilemmas and legal challenges. Offering or accepting bribes to secure contracts or gain business advantages is not only unethical but also illegal under various international laws, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) in the United States and the UK Bribery Act.

To navigate this issue, businesses must implement robust anti-corruption policies, provide training to employees on ethical practices, and establish internal control mechanisms. Conducting thorough due diligence on business partners, agents, and intermediaries is crucial to ensure they align with anti-corruption standards. Additionally, establishing transparency in financial transactions and maintaining accurate records can help demonstrate compliance with regulations and prevent potential legal entanglements.

Expanding into foreign markets necessitates compliance with local labor and employment laws. These laws govern aspects such as minimum wages, working hours, overtime, employee benefits, and safety regulations. Failure to comply with these laws can lead to legal disputes, fines, and damage to a business's reputation.

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This is higher than the company's required rate of return of 8%. As a result, Plan A would be considered a good investment.

Compute the payback period, the AFR, and the NPV of these two plans.

What are the strengths and weaknesses of these capital budgeting modes? Begin by computing the payback period for both plans.

Payback period for Plan A:

Since Glascoe needs to earn $8,740,000 on the initial investment of $8,740,000, payback period is obtained by adding the inflows until they are equal to the outflow:

$8,740,000 ÷ $1,450,000 per year = 5.97 years

Payback period for Plan B:

Since Glascoe needs to earn $8,440,000 on the initial investment of $8,440,000, payback period is obtained by adding the inflows until they are equal to the outflow:

$8,440,000 ÷ $1,300,000 per year = 6.49 years

ARR for Plan A:

ARR is computed by dividing the average net income by the average book value of the investment.

(average annual net income ÷ average investment) × 100% or

(average annual net income ÷ average annual net income + average annual depreciation) × 100%(1,450,000 ÷ (8,740,000 ÷ 2)) × 100% = 16.67%ARR for Plan B:(1,300,000 ÷ (8,440,000 ÷ 2)) × 100% = 15.42%NPV for Plan A:

NPV is computed by finding the present value of all cash inflows and outflows.

$1,450,000 (PVIFAn-10, 8%) + $1,450,000 (PVIFAn-9, 8%) + ... + $1,450,000 (PVIFAn-1, 8%) - $8,740,000 = $22,739.68NPV for Plan B:

$1,300,000 (PVIFA10, 8%) + $925,000 (PVIF10, 8%) - $8,440,000 = $1,331,712.12Strengths of payback period method:

It's easy to calculate and understand.

It emphasizes liquidity and reduces the risk of loss from uncertain future cash flows.

It's useful for assessing risk and uncertainty of future cash flows.

Weaknesses of payback period method:

It ignores the time value of money and the profitability of a project.

It ignores cash flows beyond the payback period.

It doesn't measure value or wealth creation.

A strength of the ARR method is that it accounts for time value of money, profitability, and risk.

The method is simple to use and understand.

Weaknesses of the ARR method include its emphasis on accounting earnings, which may not be reliable indicators of value or wealth creation. It is also difficult to assess risk and uncertainty under the ARR method.

NPV is the most reliable method because it takes into account the time value of money, profitability, and risk. The weakness of the NPV method is that it is difficult to understand, calculate, and interpret.

Which expansion plan should Glascoe choose? Why?

The expansion plan that Glascoe should choose is Plan B, the expansion of three larger shops at a cost of $8,440,000. It has a positive NPV of $1,331,712.12, which is higher than the NPV of Plan A. It also has a lower payback period of 6.49 years, which is less than the payback period of Plan A.

The ARR for Plan A is 16.67%, while the ARR for Plan B is 15.42%.

Therefore, Plan B is the most profitable investment.3. Estimate Plan A's IRR. How does the IRR compare with the company's required rate of return?

IRR for Plan A is approximately 18%.

This is higher than the company's required rate of return of 8%. As a result, Plan A would be considered a good investment.

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These recommendations will help improve the learning experience of the students, making it more engaging and informative.

To make the class a better experience for coming semesters, certain improvements are recommended. In order to achieve that, the use of interactive media should be increased to hold student's interest. Simultaneously, it would be great if the professor can provide a regular feedback of the students' performance during the course. Lastly, the class policies should be communicated to students from the beginning of the semester.

COVID-19 has brought changes in all aspects of life. With the transition to online classes, many students have found it difficult to cope. The professor should be applauded for making class enjoyable. The following recommendations can be made to make the class a better experience for coming semesters: Interactive media should be used more to hold student's interest.

Provide regular feedback on the students' performance.

Communicate the class policies from the beginning of the semester.

These recommendations will help improve the learning experience of the students, making it more engaging and informative.

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The journal entry at the date of the bond purchase would be as follows:

Date: January 1, 2020

| Account Titles              | Debit ($)    | Credit ($)   |

|----------------------------|--------------|--------------|

| Bonds Payable              |              | $467,000.00  |

| Discount on Bonds Payable  | $14,467.83   |              |

| Cash                       | $482,467.83  |              |

Explanation:

- The Bonds Payable account is credited for the maturity value of the bonds, which is $467,000.

- The Discount on Bonds Payable account is debited for the difference between the purchase price and the maturity value ($482,467.83 - $467,000), which is $14,467.83. This represents the unamortized discount on the bonds.

- Cash is debited for the amount paid to acquire the bonds, which is $482,467.83.

Note: Please be aware that bond accounting can involve complex calculations and subsequent journal entries over the life of the bonds. This initial journal entry represents the purchase of the bonds, and additional entries will be required to account for interest expense, amortization of the discount, and other related transactions.

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1. What is more attractive for investors: bonds or stocks? Provide calculations for each of the options. Additionally, discuss risk and reward in relation to these options as well as other advantages and disadvantages of debt and equity for an investor.

Bond:Current Yield = (Coupon Payment / Market Price of Bond) × 1000 = (80 / 980) × 1000 = 8.16%Yield to Maturity = 8.72% (calculated using Excel's RATE function: RATE(10, 40, -980, 1000) x 2)Stock:Dividend yield = Last Dividend Paid / Current Market Price = 4.5 / x = 0.045 x = $100Dividend in Year 1 = 4.5 x (1 + 2.8%) = 4.632Dividend in Year 2 = 4.632 x (1 + 2.8%) = 4.765Dividend in Year 3 = 4.765 x (1 + 2.8%) = 4.900Dividend in Year 4 = 4.900 x (1 + 2.8%) = 5.037Dividend in Year 5 = 5.037 x (1 + 2.8%) = 5.177Pricing of shares would depend on market conditions and supply and demand for the shares.

The current market price is assumed to be the same as the par value. The estimated dividend growth rate of 2.8% is also an assumption based on past trends. The dividend growth rate may or may not continue at the same rate in the future. Therefore, a combination of debt and equity financing would be appropriate for the company. The company could issue bonds to finance part of the investment and use the proceeds to pay for part of the new product line. The company could issue shares to finance the remaining part of the investment. The use of a combination of debt and equity financing would reduce the financial risk of the company while keeping the cost of capital reasonable.

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In the 21st century, ethics is critical to successful strategic planning. Below are some of the reasons why ethics is critical to successful strategic planning: Ethics sets the tone for decision making: Ethical values and principles establish the tone and context for decision-making in strategic planning.

They also assist leaders in maintaining their principles and ensuring that their behaviour aligns with their organization's objectives. Ethical considerations should be a part of strategic planning discussions, as they can help establish a shared vision and guide decision-making.Corporate social responsibility is enhanced: Corporate social responsibility is a significant aspect of successful strategic planning in the 21st century. The focus on sustainability, responsibility, and environmental protection is one example. These responsibilities are critical to the long-term success of businesses in the 21st century, which rely on the support of their stakeholders, such as employees, consumers, and investors. Ethics helps businesses to balance their social responsibilities with their corporate objectives.Business risk is reduced: Ethical considerations can be a critical factor in assessing risk in strategic planning. Leaders who value ethical considerations when making decisions are more likely to be proactive in addressing the risks that they identify. Ethical considerations are also useful in crisis management and can assist companies in navigating through difficult times.Stronger organizational culture is developed: Organizations that place a strong emphasis on ethics have a better chance of developing a positive culture, which is critical to success in the 21st century. A strong ethical culture can enhance employee engagement, reduce turnover, and boost productivity.

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According to the Wall Street Journal article, both the quantity of organic milk sold and the price per half gallon have been declining.

Each of the following situations is explained briefly to see whether it can account for this result: The demand for organic milk has been decreasing, while the supply of organic milk has been increasing: If demand for organic milk has decreased, while the supply of organic milk has increased, this could account for the reduction in both the amount of organic milk sold and the price per half gallon.

Because the market has more organic milk than it requires, this can trigger price reductions and a decrease in the quantity sold.b. The demand for organic milk has been increasing, while the supply of organic milk has been decreasing: The quantity of organic milk sold can decrease due to a drop in supply. If the quantity sold is decreasing, it may be as a result of a decrease in supply.

The demand for organic milk and the supply of organic milk have both been decreasing: If both demand and supply for organic milk have decreased, it should result in a fall in price and quantity sold, which is consistent with what is stated in the article. Thus, this scenario can account for the falling quantity and price of organic milk sold.

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Without the specific cost figures or the profit amount, it is not possible to provide the total costs, total cost per unit, total cost markup percentage, or the selling price of the cellular phones.

Vike Com, Inc, produces and sells cellular phones. To determine the pricing of their products, Vike Com, Inc uses the total cost concept, specifically the cost-plus approach. The company aims to achieve a profit of 15% on their invested assets of $776,870.

a. The total costs for producing and selling 5,500 units of cellular phones need to be calculated. However, the costs associated with production and sale are not provided in the question. Once those costs are determined, they can be summed up to obtain the total costs. Dividing the total costs by the number of units (5,500) will give us the total cost per unit.

b. The total cost markup percentage can be calculated by dividing the profit amount by the total costs. However, the profit amount is not given in the question. Without this information, it is not possible to calculate the total cost markup percentage.

c. The selling price of the cellular phones can be determined by adding the total cost per unit to the cost markup amount. However, since we do not have the cost markup percentage, we cannot calculate the selling price.

In summary, without the specific cost figures or the profit amount, it is not possible to provide the total costs, total cost per unit, total cost markup percentage, or the selling price of the cellular phones.

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Without the specific cost figures or the profit amount, it is not possible to provide the total costs, total cost per unit, total cost markup percentage, or the selling price of the cellular phones.

Vike Com, Inc, produces and sells cellular phones. To determine the pricing of their products, Vike Com, Inc uses the total cost concept, specifically the cost-plus approach. The company aims to achieve a profit of 15% on their invested assets of $776,870.

a. The total costs for producing and selling 5,500 units of cellular phones need to be calculated. However, the costs associated with production and sale are not provided in the question. Once those costs are determined, they can be summed up to obtain the total costs. Dividing the total costs by the number of units (5,500) will give us the total cost per unit.

b. The total cost markup percentage can be calculated by dividing the profit amount by the total costs. However, the profit amount is not given in the question. Without this information, it is not possible to calculate the total cost markup percentage.

c. The selling price of the cellular phones can be determined by adding the total cost per unit to the cost markup amount. However, since we do not have the cost markup percentage, we cannot calculate the selling price.

In summary, without the specific cost figures or the profit amount, it is not possible to provide the total costs, total cost per unit, total cost markup percentage, or the selling price of the cellular phones.

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Change is inevitable, but not everyone is always on board with it. Resistance to change is a natural response to new ideas or methods. There are many reasons why people resist change.

Threat to one’s self-interest:
When a change is proposed, it can sometimes be seen as a threat to the individual's self-interest.

Uncertainty:
Uncertainty can also be a significant factor in resistance to change. When people don't know what the outcome of a change will be, they may resist it.

Distrust of leadership:
If people don't trust the leadership that is proposing the change, they may resist it.This can lead to a sense of resistance to the change.

Threat to existing cultural values:
Sometimes, a proposed change can be seen as a threat to existing cultural values. They may feel that the change is not in line with their cultural values and resist it as a result.

In conclusion, there are many reasons why people resist change. To overcome resistance, it is important to understand these reasons and address them accordingly.

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Modern management theories have built upon and expanded upon classical management theories and practices, such as the Industrial Revolution and the growth of large-scale organizations, while addressing evolving challenges and incorporating new perspectives.

Historical context played a significant role in influencing the development of classical management theories in several ways:

Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution, which occurred in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, brought about major changes in the nature of work and production.

The emergence of factories and mass production necessitated new management approaches to coordinate and control large numbers of workers effectively.

This historical context provided the impetus for the development of scientific management principles by Frederick Taylor and others.

Expansion of Organizations: The growth of large-scale organizations, such as railways and manufacturing companies, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries presented challenges in terms of coordination, efficiency, and control. This context influenced the development of bureaucratic management theories by Max Weber, emphasizing formalized rules, hierarchy, and clear division of labor.

Efficiency and Productivity Focus: The historical context of the early 20th century, with its emphasis on efficiency and productivity, heavily influenced the development of classical management theories.

Scientific management, advocated by Taylor, aimed to maximize efficiency through the application of scientific methods and the division of labor.

Regarding the existence of new universal management theories, it can be argued that modern management theories have built upon and expanded upon classical management theories and practices rather than completely replacing them.

Many modern theories and approaches, such as contingency theory, systems theory, and total quality management, have their roots in classical management principles.

Classical management theories provided foundational concepts and principles that are still relevant today, but they may not fully address the complex and dynamic nature of contemporary organizations.

New management theories have emerged to address evolving challenges, changing organizational structures, and a greater understanding of human behavior and motivation in the workplace.

Therefore, while new management theories have been developed, they often draw upon the principles and ideas established by classical management theories.

Modern theories build upon and refine these foundations, incorporating new perspectives and insights to address the complexities of contemporary organizations.

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Trade imbalances in the global supply chain occur when countries import more goods than they export. This imbalance creates a negative trade balance and negatively impacts trading activities of the countries in the world. Trade imbalance can lead to a trade war between countries as they attempt to protect their domestic industries.

The impact of trade imbalances in the global supply chain is that it leads to a surge in imports which hurts the domestic industries. The increased imports lead to the loss of jobs in the affected industries.  

They have a ready market for their goods and are able to generate income and create jobs within their domestic markets. Mitigation measures to address trade imbalances include encouraging exports, increasing domestic consumption, and implementing import substitution strategies.

For instance, countries can use tariffs or quotas to limit the amount of imports allowed into the country, while at the same time, increasing exports. Additionally, countries can engage in bilateral or multilateral trade agreements to create a fair trade environment, eliminate trade barriers, and create incentives to increase exports.

The parties that benefit from such measures are the exporting countries, the domestic industries in importing countries that are protected, and consumers in the importing countries that enjoy lower prices. The parties that lose out are the domestic industries in exporting countries that are not protected, and the consumers in importing countries that pay higher prices.

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Number of shares = 100 million Price per share = $20 Beta = 1.2 Risk-free rate = 3% Expected market return = 8% Marginal tax rate = 21% Total bonds outstanding = $2 billion Yield to maturity on bonds = 5% Target capital structure = 60% equity and 40% debt. The correct option is (B).

The before-tax cost of debt for the company can be calculated using the formula given below:

Before-tax cost of debt = yield to maturity on bonds × (1 - marginal tax rate)

Calculation: Given that yield to maturity on bonds = 5%

And, marginal tax rate = 21%

Before-tax cost of debt = 5% × (1 - 0.21)

Before-tax cost of debt = 5% × 0.79

Before-tax cost of debt = 3.95%

Therefore, the before-tax cost of debt for this company is 3.95%.

Hence the correct option is (B).

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As a future sales professional, I believe that corporate social responsibility is an essential concept to understand and apply to my future career. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to a company's efforts to operate in an economically, socially, and environmentally responsible manner.

In other words, CSR requires companies to consider the impact of their actions on various stakeholders, including employees, customers, communities, and the environment.

To me, CSR means that businesses have a responsibility to make a positive impact on society beyond just their bottom line. As a sales professional, I believe that it is important to work for companies that prioritize CSR and to help communicate those efforts to customers.

This includes ensuring that the products or services being sold are produced ethically and sustainably, and that the company is actively working to minimize its impact on the environment.

Additionally, I believe that it is important for salespeople to be transparent with their customers about the company's CSR efforts. This includes sharing information about the company's supply chain, the materials used in production, and any certifications or labels that indicate sustainable or ethical practices. Salespeople should also be prepared to answer any questions that customers may have about the company's CSR efforts.

In order to apply the concept of CSR to my future career, I plan to seek out companies that prioritize this concept and are committed to making a positive impact on society.

I will also strive to be a knowledgeable and transparent sales professional, providing customers with accurate information about the company's CSR efforts. Additionally, I plan to stay up-to-date on industry trends and best practices related to CSR, so that I can provide the best possible service to my customers.

In conclusion, I believe that corporate social responsibility is an important concept for sales professionals to understand and apply to their future careers. By working for companies that prioritize CSR and being transparent with customers about these efforts, sales professionals can help make a positive impact on society and the environment.

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Consumer practices such as shoplifting, improper returns, and product liability claims can lead to higher prices for consumers.

Consumer practices such as shoplifting, improper returns, and product liability claims can have an impact on prices in various ways.

1. Shoplifting: Shoplifting refers to the act of stealing merchandise from a store without paying for it. When shoplifting occurs, retailers face financial losses. To compensate for these losses, retailers may increase the prices of their products. This is because they need to cover the cost of stolen goods and prevent further losses.

2. Improper returns: Improper returns involve returning products to stores in a condition that cannot be resold. For example, if a customer returns a damaged or used item as if it were new, the retailer may incur additional costs. These costs can include restocking fees, refurbishing expenses, or even the loss of the product's value. To account for these expenses, retailers may raise prices to maintain their profit margins.

3. Product liability claims: Product liability claims occur when consumers experience harm or damage due to a defective or unsafe product. If a company faces numerous product liability claims, it may result in significant financial settlements or legal fees. To cover these costs, companies may increase the prices of their products.

In conclusion, consumer practices such as shoplifting, improper returns, and product liability claims can lead to higher prices for consumers. Retailers and manufacturers need to recover their losses or expenses caused by these practices, which ultimately affects the overall cost of products.

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On January 1, 2021, Empresas Morosas issued bonds payable for a par value of $3,400,000. The bonds mature in 20 years. The interest rate on the contract is 9% payable semi-annually on 30 June and 31 December. As the market rate of similar bonds is at 8%, the bonds were sold at a premium at 102% of their maturity value (par value).

Journal entries are used to record transactions on a company's financial statements. These transactions are posted to accounts in a journal entry in order to keep a chronological record of the transactions. For each transaction, debits and credits must be equal.1. To determine the bond's premium, we must first compute the present value of the bond's interest and principal payments.

The present value of the bond's interest and principal payments is $4,146,621. Bond Premium is $746,621 ($4,146,621-$3,400,000).2. Bond Premium can be amortized using the straight-line method by dividing the bond premium by the bond's total interest payments.

Bond Premium Amortized is $18,731 per interest period ($746,621/40).3. The journal entry for the first semi-annual interest payment of $153,000 on June 30, 2021, with bond premium amortized by the straight-line method, would be as follows:DateAccountTitleDebitCredit30-JunInterest expense149,269 Premium on bonds.

payable4,731Cash153,000(To record semi-annual interest payment) Therefore, the journal entry to record the first interest payment on June 30, 2021, assuming that the premium is amortized by the straight-line method is:DateAccountTitlesDebitCredit30-JunInterest Expense (9% of $3,400,000) 153,000Bond Premium Amortization 18,731Cash 153,000Bond Premium on Payable 4,731 Interest Payable 149,269(To record semi-annual interest payment on bond payable)

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A single-price monopoly is a monopoly in which the firm sells all of its output at the same price. This is also known as a uniform price monopoly. A single-price monopoly is a type of monopoly that sets a single price for all consumers.

This is in contrast to other types of monopolies, such as price discrimination monopolies, that set different prices for different groups of consumers.A single-price monopoly sets a single price for all consumers, regardless of their willingness to pay. This means that some consumers may be willing to pay more than the price set by the monopoly, while others may not be willing to pay the price set by the monopoly.

However, the monopoly does not discriminate between these consumers, and charges the same price to all of them.A single-price monopoly may be beneficial for the firm, as it simplifies pricing decisions and reduces administrative costs. However, it may also lead to inefficiencies, as the monopoly is not able to capture the full value of its product from consumers who are willing to pay more than the price set by the monopoly.

In conclusion, a single-price monopoly sets a single price for all consumers. This is in contrast to other types of monopolies, such as price discrimination monopolies, that set different prices for different groups of consumers. A single-price monopoly may be beneficial for the firm, as it simplifies pricing decisions and reduces administrative costs. However, it may also lead to inefficiencies, as the monopoly is not able to capture the full value of its product from consumers who are willing to pay more than the price set by the monopoly.

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Leadership Through Quality program at Xerox has had a tremendous impact on the company. The program, which was started in the early 1980s, aimed to empower employees, improve customer satisfaction and product quality, reduce costs, and ultimately increase profits.

Here are some of the most obvious impacts of the Leadership Through Quality program at Xerox:Empowerment of employees: The Leadership Through Quality program at Xerox has empowered employees by encouraging them to participate in problem-solving teams and making them accountable for quality.

This has led to increased job satisfaction and a sense of ownership among the employees.Improved customer satisfaction: The program has helped Xerox improve its customer satisfaction by focusing on quality and customer needs. The company has introduced a number of initiatives such as customer feedback surveys, quality audits, and training programs to ensure that customer needs are met.

Reduced costs: The program has helped Xerox reduce costs by identifying and eliminating waste in its processes. This has helped the company become more efficient and competitive.Increased profits: The Leadership Through Quality program at Xerox has had a significant impact on the company's bottom line.

By improving quality, reducing costs, and increasing customer satisfaction, the company has been able to increase its profits.Moreover, the program has also helped Xerox establish itself as a leader in the quality movement. The company has won several awards for quality and has been recognized as a benchmark for other companies to follow.In conclusion, the Leadership Through Quality program at Xerox has had a significant impact on the company.

It has empowered employees, improved customer satisfaction, reduced costs, and increased profits. The program has also helped Xerox establish itself as a leader in the quality movement.

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