The standard reaction free energy ΔG° is -77.393 kJ for the following redox reaction using standard reduction potentials from the aleks data tab.
The redox reaction occurs at anode :
6Cl-(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + 8H+(aq) → 3 Cl2(g) + 2NO (g) + 4H2O(l)
[tex]E^0_{cell}[/tex] = 0.957
[tex]E^0_{cell}[/tex] = 1.35827 - 0.957
[tex]E^0_{cell}[/tex] = 0.401
There were 2 moles of electrons involved in this redox reaction, according to the reaction.
[tex]G^0[/tex] = - (2) * 96,500 * 0.401
[tex]G^0[/tex] = - 77393 joules or -77.393 kJ
Hence, the standard reaction free energy is -77.393 kJ.
the complete question is:
Using standard reduction potentials from the ALEKS Data tab, calculate the standard reaction free energy for the following redox reaction. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.
6Cl-(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + 8H+(aq) -> 3 Cl2(g) + 2NO (g) + 4H2O(l)
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a chemist prepares a solution of calcium sulfate by measuring out 0.53 umol of calcium sulfate into a 350 ml volumetric flask and filling the flask to the mark with water. calculate the concentration in of the chemist's calcium sulfate solution. round your answer to significant digits.
The chemist prepares a solution of calcium sulfate by measuring out 0.53 umol of calcium sulfate into a 350 ml volumetric flask and filling the flask to the mark with water. The concentration of a solution is 1.5 uM.
The concentration or molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles present in the specific volume of a solution. It is calculated as
Concentration=moles/volume(in L)
The volume of a solution is in mL. Convert the given volume in L
350 ml×(1 L/1000 mL)=0.35 L
Plug the value of moles and volume in the formula
Concentration=0.53 umol/0.35 L
Concentration=1.51429 umol/L
Concentration=1.5 uM (∵M=mol/L)
Therefore, the concentration of a solution is 1.5 uM.
I have answered the question in general as given question is incomplete. The complete question is
a chemist prepares a solution of calcium sulfate by measuring out 0.53 umol of calcium sulfate into a 350 ml volumetric flask and filling the flask to the mark with water. calculate the concentration in uM of the chemist's calcium sulfate solution. round your answer to two significant digits.
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alpha polonium crystallizes in a simple cubic unit cell with an edge length of 336 pm. what is the density of alpha polonium (in g/cm^3)?
Simple cubic structure there is only one lattice point at each corner of the cube-shaped unit cell. Here, particles are present at the corners of the cube and not on the body center or face center.
Alpha polonium is a high radioactive heavy metal.
How to calculate density in simple cubic cell?
We will use the equation,
ρ=Z×Ma/a³×Na
where,
Z = number of atoms in a unit cell (Z = 1 for a simple cubic unit cell)
a = edge length= 336 pm
Na=6.022×1023particles/mol
Ma = 209
ρ=Z×Ma/a³×Na
= 1× 209 / (336) ³× 6.023
= 3.31 ^-5
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What is the major organic product obtained from the following sequence of reactions? OH TSCI NaOCH, pyridine 2 1. Identify the order of the alcohol (1, 2, 3) 2. Name the reactant. S-2-pentanol 3. Name the product(s). pent-2-ene 4. Draw the product(s) of the reaction on your file to upload.
1- and 2-pentene are produced via the reaction of pentanol with tscl and pyridine. It's not the booze that matters. Pent-2-chloride (C5H9Cl) is produced by the reactions of pentanol (C5H11OH) with thionyl chloride (TSCA).
What purposes does pentanol serve?Pentanol burns readily and smells like fusel when it is at room temperature. In the production of goods for the home and industry, such as paint, lubricants, fuels, and resins, pentanol is frequently employed as a solvent.
Can pentanol be toxic?Eyes, skin, and respiratory systems are all irritated by the chemical. The material may make you throw up and result in aspiration pneumonitis if you accidentally consume it. On the central nervous system, the chemical could have an impact. Unconsciousness may set in after prolonged high-level exposure.
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convert the following potentials. the ag | agcl and calomel reference electrodes are saturated with kcl. (a) 0.523 v versus s.h.e. ? versus ag | agcl (b) 0.111 v versus ag | agcl ? versus s.h.e. (c) 0.222 v versus s.c.e. ? versus s.h.e. (d) 0.023 v versus ag | agcl ? versus s.c.e. (e) 0.023 v versus s.c.e. ? versus ag | agcl
the ag | agcl and calomel reference electrodes are saturated with kcl.
a) +0.326 V vs Ag/AgCl for 0.523 V vs Ag/AgCl
+0.523- 0.197= 0.326
e) 0.021 V vs Ag/AgCl
+0.218-0.197= 0.0021
Calomel reference electrode is a salt electrode that is readily soluble in metals. It serves as a supplemental reference electrode to ascertain the electrode's standard potentials. Construction: The electrode is made of a glass tube with a bent side tube and another side tube, designated B.
Using a platinum wire contained in a glass tube and submerged in a layer of mercury, an external electrical contact is created. A salt bridge and the side tube come into touch electrically. The calomel electrode can act as either an anode or a cathode depending on the makeup of the other electrodes in the cell.
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what are the spectator ions int he solution after the complete neutralizaastion reaction occurs when mixing the weak acid h2so34 and the strong base naoh
The neutralization reaction between the weak acid H2S(aq)and the strong base KOH(aq) can be represented using the following total ionic equation.
2H2S+K^+ + 20H^- → 2H2O +2S^2- + K^+
From this equation, we can see that the spectator ion would be the K+ion since it is present in both sides.
Spectator ions exist on both sides of the equation in the same state because they are present during the reaction but are unaffected by it. Every neutralization reaction involves this shift.
Ions present in a reaction solution but not participating in the reaction are known as "spectator ions." As ions, they persist in solution. In this instance, both the hydride H+ and hydroxide OH1 ions from the LiOH and HBr remain in solution.
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explain why there is no minus sign in this equation for heat (unlike the equation for work). (think in terms of microscopic definition of entropy.)
Entropy generation cannot be negative, but entropy change can be for a system or its surroundings.
Can entropy be negative?The total entropy is negative if the amount of heat released exceeds the amount of heat absorbed. As a result, total entropy can be negative, and a reaction loses its spontaneity in this case.
What occurs when the entropy is negative?When the entropy changes negatively, it means that an isolated system's disorder has diminished. Because liquid particles are more disordered than solid particles, the reaction that turns liquid water into ice, for instance, represents an isolated decrease in entropy.
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Description/Functions Illuminating/magnifying/mechanical
parts of microscope
The main function of the coarse adjustment knob simply is that it helps to focus an image on the microscope.
What is meant by a microscope?In science, a microscope is an instrument which is used in viewing objects or cells which cannot be be seen with the ordinary eyes. This instrument is also used to view microscopic organisms, cell and tissues.
That being said, the coarse adjustment knob help in focusing an image on the microscope by way of moving the stage up and down and the lens too. Some few parts of microscope aside the coarse adjustment knob are as follows:
ArmStageEyepieceNosepiece Objective lensIn conclusion, it can be deduced from all said and done above that objectives lens and the stage of the microscope helps the coarse adjustment knob to perform its function easily.
Complete question:
Description/Functions Illuminating/magnifying/mechanical parts of microscope.
What is the function of the coarse adjustment knob of a microscope?
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Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with _____.
Fractional bond orders are frequently produced by partial bonding, such as when it's a component of a resonance hybrid.
Resonance hybrid: what is it?
Resonance structures are collections of two or more Lewis structures, including fractional bonds and fractional charges, that collectively represent the electronic bonding of a single polyatomic species.
Resonance structures can represent delocalized electrons that are not described by a single Lewis formula with an integral number of covalent bonds.
Do resonance hybrids include any partial charges?
A resonance structure must never have any net formal charge. On the other hand, the weighted average of the formal plus partial charges on an atom in each resonance contributor is the net partial charge on that atom.
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in determining how many moles of water are produced by the reaction of 1.50 moles of octane, which conversion factor should be used?
1.5 moles of Octane will react to produce = (1.5 × 18)/2 = 13.5 moles of H2O.
Thus, 13.5 moles of water were obtained from the reaction.
How to solve ?We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction. This is illustrated below below:
2C8H18 + 25O2 —> 16CO2 + 18H2O
From the balanced equation above,
2 moles C8H18 reacted to produce 18 moles of H2O.
Finally, we shall determine the number of moles of H2O produced by the reaction of 1.5 moles of C8H18. This can be obtained as follow:
From the balanced equation above,
2 moles C8H18 reacted to produce 18 moles of H2O.
Therefore, 1.5 moles of C8H18 will react to produce = (1.5 × 18)/2 = 13.5 moles of H2O.
Thus, 13.5 moles of H2O were obtained from the reaction.
What connection exists between moles of octane and moles of water?If that happens, we know from the balanced equation that for every two moles of octane consumed, we get 18 moles of H2O.
Why balanced equation is important ?The law of conservation of mass, which states that "the total mass of all the products of reaction in a chemical reaction is equal to the total mass of all the reactants," is satisfied by balancing chemical equations.
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a polymerization reaction is a process that joins together monomers to create very long polymer chains, which can be thought of as:
a polymerization reaction is a process that joins together monomers to create very long polymer chains, which can be thought of as chain reaction.
What is polymerization?
Polymerization is any chemical process in which relatively small molecules, known as monomers, combine to form a very big chainlike or network molecule known as a polymer. Monomer molecules might be identical or represent two, three, or more distinct chemicals.
What is chain reaction?
A chain reaction in which a polymer chain grows. progresses solely by reaction(s) between monomer(s) and active site(s) on the polymer chain, with active site(s) regeneration at the end of each growth step.
A typical polymerization reaction consists of three steps: chain start, chain propagation, and chain termination.
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a student wants to make a 0.250 m aqueous solution of silver nitrate, agno3, and has a bottle containing 15.89 g of silver nitrate. what should be the final volume of the solution?
The final volume of the solution is 0.21 L.
Given mass divided by molecular mass is used to represent moles.
Hence ,
n = w / m
moles = n
given mass = w
the molecular mass, or m.
Considering the query,
w = 15.89 g
AgNO3's mass value is 169.87 g/mol.
Consequently, the moles can be determined as -
n = w / m
n = 15.89 g / 169.87 g/mol
n = 0.094 mol
Molarity :
The number of moles in a liter of solution is the molarity of a substance.
M = n / V
M = molarity
V i= the solution's volume in liters.
Considering the query,
M = 0.250 M
n = 0.066 mol ( estimated above )
Using the above equation, one may determine the final volume of the solution.
M = n / V
0.250 M = 0.094 mol / V
V = 0.21 L
So, a student wants to make a 0.250 m aqueous solution of silver nitrate, agno3, and has a bottle containing 15.89 g of silver nitrate. The final volume of the solution should be 0.21 L.
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consider the ester (group a) molecules. describe the effect on carbonyl bond strength of adding one, and then two. oxygens.
The effects on carbonyl bond strength of adding one, and then two. oxygens: Both carboxylic acids and esters contain a carbonyl group with a second oxygen atom bonded to the carbon atom in the carbonyl group by a single bond.
The Nucleophile (Nu) attacks the positively charged carbon and pushes one of the double-bond electrons onto oxygen to give it a negative charge.
In organic chemistry, a carbonyl bond is a functional institution composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C=O. it's far commonplace to several instructions of natural compounds, as part of many larger functional groups. A compound containing a carbonyl institution is often called a carbonyl compound.
A carbonyl organization consists of a double bond linking a carbonyl carbon atom and a carbonyl oxygen atom. The carbonyl oxygen atom shares its six valence electrons with the carbonyl carbon atom. Its last 4 valence electrons remain as two sets of electron lone pairs.
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loss of chloride ion from 1-(chloromethyl)-4-methylcyclopentene (5) produces an allylic carbocation that has two resonance structures. complete one of these resonance structures by dragging bonds, electrons and charges to the appropriate locations.
After dragging the chlorine atom from number one carbon atom to the second one, it would be 2-cloromethyl-4-cylcopentane.
As chloride ions are larger in size than fluoride ions, oxide ions and most of cations of the metallic elements, it is difficult for them to migrate easily in solids. However, some chloride ion conductors are known although their conductivity is low compared to that of fluoride ion conductors.
SnCl2 shows higher chloride ion conductivity than a PbCl2-based conductor, but it is chemically unstable in the atmosphere.
As per the given condition we have to replace the chlorine from number one atom to the second atom in order to get the resonance structure.
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a student needs to prepare 50.0 ml of a 1.00 m aqueous h2o2 solution. calculate the volume of 5.1 m h2o2 stock solution that should be used to prepare the solution.
The volume of 5.1 m H₂O₂ stock solution that should be used to prepare the solution is 9.80 ml.
Dilution is defined as the process in which the concentration of a sample is decreased by adding more solvent. The dilution formula is given below.
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
where C₁ = initial concentration of sample = 5.1 m
V₁ = initial volume of sample
C₂ = final concentration after dilution = 1.00 m
V₂ = total final volume after dilution = 50.0 ml
Plug in the values to the formula and solve for the volume of the solution needed.
V₁ = C₂V₂/C₁
V₁ = (1.00 m)(50.0 ml)/(5.1 m)
V₁ = 9.80ml
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Add curved arrows to the reactant side of the following SN2 reaction to indicate the flow of electrons. Dravw the product species to show the balanced equation, including nonbonding electrons and formal charges Do draw in the leaving group as well as the main organic product, adn show the lone pairs and formal charge on the leaving group.
A graphic showing curved arrows pointing to the catalyst surface of the provided SN2 reaction to represent the passage of electrons cannot be produced since the statement is not complete.
When drawing in the leaving group and the major organic product, as well as showing the lone pairs with formal charges on the leaving group, the product species should be used to demonstrate the balanced equation, nonbonding electrons, and formal charges.
What do lone pairs mean?Lone pairs are those valence electrons in a covalent connection that are not shared with another atom.
One bond is ruptured and another is completed in one step in a chemical reaction known as an SN2 reaction.
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given a 100 gram sample of radioactive cobalt 60, half-life 5.26 years a chemist can predict exactly which cobalt atom is going to decay at any moment 100 grams of cobalt will remain up until the time all the cobalt decays at 5.26 years the cobalt will decay until such time, 5.26 years later, that 50 grams of cobalt remain
5.26 years later, that 50 grams of cobalt remain is the correct prediction that chemist can predict exactly which cobalt atom is going to decay.
A chemical element with the atomic number 27 and the symbol Co is cobalt. With the exception of minor concentrations found in alloys of naturally occurring meteoric iron, cobalt is only ever found in the Earth's crust in a chemically mixed state. Because of its look, hardness, and resistance to oxidation, cobalt is frequently used in electroplating.
Destructive dissolution is what is meant by the words decay, decompose, rot, putrefy, and spoil. The term "decay" refers to a gradual deterioration from a sound or perfect state. a dilapidated home. Decomposition causes a breakdown by chemical transformation and corruption when applied to organic substance. Because objects that are rotting or decaying typically don't look good or smell good, decay seems like an unpleasant process.
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3. plating 1.0 ml of a sample diluted by a factor of 10-3 produced 43 colonies. what was the original concentration in the sample?
The original concentration in the sample is 4.3 × [tex]10^{4}[/tex] CFU/mL.
What is colony forming unit?
Colony forming units, or CFUs, are frequently used to calculate the number of microorganisms present in a test sample. A CFU/ml result can be obtained by multiplying the number of visible colonies (CFU) present on an agar plate by the dilution factor.
Given:
CFU in 1.0mL of [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] dilution is 43.
Total CFU in original sample = [tex]\frac{Plate count}{Dilution factor}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{43}{10^{-3} }[/tex] = 43000
S0, 1 mL of the original sample = 4.3 × [tex]10^{4}[/tex] CFU.
we know, cell density of the sample = no. of cells per mL of solution.
= 4.3 × [tex]10^{4}[/tex] CFU/mL.
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assuming that the total pressure of the gases is 1.52 atmatm and that their mole ratio is 94:4.0:1.5:0.50, calculate the partial pressure (in atmospheres) of each gas.
Our mole ratio is 94: 4.0: 1.5: 0.50.
This suggests that there are 94 + 4.0 + 1.5 + 0.50 = 100 moles of natural gas in total.
Consider the formula: partial pressure = mole fraction * total pressure.
In the case of CH4, 94/100 * 1.48 atm = 1.39 atm
C2H6: 4/100 * 1.48 atm = 0.0592 atm
C3H8: 1.5/100 * 1.48 atm = 0.0222 atm
For C4H10, multiply 0.5/100 by 1.48 atm to get 0.0074 atm.
What exactly is a mole fraction?the proportion between the moles with one component in a fluid or other combination and the total moles of all the components.
How is the mole fraction determined?By dividing the total amount of moles of all the elements in a solution by the number of moles within one component in a solution, the molar ratio can be computed. It should be noted that the mole fractions of each component in the solution added up should equal one.
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I understand the question you are looking for is :
Natural gas is a mixture of many substances, primarily CH4, C2H6, C3H8, and C4H10. Assuming that the total pressure of the gases is 1.48 atm and that their mole ratio is 94 : 4.0 : 1.5 : 0.50, calculate the partial pressure in atmospheres of each gas.
During the transamination process, the enzyme transaminases uses ________ as a cofactor.
A) Tetrahydrofolate
B) Folate
C) Pyridoxal pyrophosphate
D) Phylloquinone
During the transamination process, the enzyme transaminases use Pyridoxal pyrophosphate as a cofactor.
All transamination reactions, as well as several amino acid oxylation and deamination processes, involve the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate. The aminotransferase enzyme's epsilon-amino group of a particular lysine group forms a Schiff-base bond with the aldehyde group of pyridoxal phosphate.
The epsilon-amino group of the lysine residue in the active site is replaced by the alpha-amino group of the amino acid substrate. The ensuing intermediate, a quinoid, undergoes deprotonation to become an aldimine, which is then protonated to become a ketimine by accepting a proton in a different position. Ketamine undergoes hydrolysis, leaving the amino group on the protein complex intact.
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the first excited state of an atom of a gas is 1.85 ev above the ground state. what is the wavelength of radiation for resonance absorption? give your answer in nm.
The wavelength of radiation of resonance absorption is 3.55 x 10⁻⁷ nm. If the first excited state of an atom of a gas is 1.85ev above the ground state.
First, we need to Calculate the frequency of the radiation.
Since the energy of the first excited state is 1.85 eV, we can calculate the frequency of the radiation (ν) using the equation
ν = E/h,
where E is the energy in Joules and h is the Planck's constant (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ Js).
Therefore,
ν = 1.85 x 1.60 x 10⁻¹⁹J/ (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ Js)
ν = 2.81 x 10¹⁵ Hz
Next we need to Calculate the wavelength of the radiation.
The wavelength of radiation (λ) is the inverse of the frequency (ν), so
λ = 1/ν.
Therefore,
λ = 1/ (2.81 x 10¹⁵ Hz)
λ = 3.55 x 10⁻¹⁶ m
Lastly, Convert the wavelength from meters to nanometers.
1 m = 10⁹ nm
Therefore, 3.55 x 10^-16 m = 3.55 x 10⁻⁷ nm
The wavelength of radiation for resonance absorption is 3.55 x 10⁻⁷ nm
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Nuclear decay occurs according to first-order kinetics. A nuclide decays in 23. 0 minutes from 12. 9 g to 2. 04 g. What is the rate constant for the nuclide?.
The kinetics of first order governs nuclear decay. A rate constant for a nuclide, which decays from 12.9 g to 2.04 g in 23.0 minutes, is 0.08.
What makes anything nuclear?identifying the root of the problem. The essential elements of a family, commonly their parents and kids, are referred to as the "nuclear family" in this phrase. Nuclear has a long history of metaphorical usage prior to its main association to "nuclear energy," with its meanings including "core" and even more merely "something basic."
Briefing:As far as we are aware, the first order reaction rate is provided by:
kt=2.303*log(R'/R)
We are aware that the following equation determines the rate of a first order reaction:
where k = rate of reaction
t = time = 23 minutes
R = end mass = 2.04 grams,
where R' = beginning mass = 12.9 grams.
We obtain k = 0.08 by plugging these values into the equation above.
i.e., the nuclide's rate constant is 0.08.
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Be sure to answer all parts.
Select the elements and compounds from the following lists that are gases at room temperature.
Elements
Cl
P
He
Br
F
S
Kr
O
Ge
Compounds
N2O
CO2
LiH
MgS
CaF2
AlCl3
HCl
SiO2
LiBr
The elements F and N are gases at room temperature. Both exists as diatomic gases (N2, F2), the compounds, only CO2 and N2O are gases, others are solid at room temperature.
What is gas?
A sample of matter that develops a uniform density inside a container and conforms to the shape of the container it is held in, despite gravity and regardless of the volume of the container in which it is held.
What is room temperature?
A temperature range that is comfortable for residence by humans is referred to as "room temperature." A person wearing typical attire experiences neither heat nor cold in this temperature range. When utilizing absolute temperature, it is also possible to use 300 K, or 27 o C, as the standard room temperature in science.
The elements F and N are gases at room temperature. Both exists as diatomic gases (N2, F2).
He, Xe and Kr are noble gases, they are monatomic and are gases in room temperature.
Among the compounds, only CO2 and N2O are gases, others are solid at room temperature.
Therefore, the elements F and N are gases at room temperature. Both exists as diatomic gases (N2, F2), the compounds, only CO2 and N2O are gases, others are solid at room temperature.
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convert the following potentials. the ag | agcl and calomel reference electrodes are saturated with kcl. (a) 0.523 v versus s.h.e. ? ? versus ag | agcl (b) ?0.111 v versus ag | agcl ? ? versus s.h.e. (c) ?0.222 v versus s.c.e. ? ? versus s.h.e. (d) 0.023 v versus ag | agcl ? ? versus s.c.e. (e) ?0.023 v versus s.c.e. ? ? versus ag | agcl
The ag | agcl and calomel reference electrodes are saturated with kcl. The answers should be as follows : (a) 0.326 v, (b) 0.086 v, (c) 0.019 v, (d) -0.021 v, (e) 0.021 v.
Chemical reaction known as oxidation. As a result of atoms as well as groups of atoms losing electrons, it is described as a process. The addition or loss of oxygen as well as hydrogen in such a chemical species would be another method to describe oxidation.
(a) 0.523 v versus S.H.E. = ? versus Ag | AgCl
E(measured) = E(ind) - E(red)
= 0.523 - 0.197
= 0.326 v
(b) - 0.111 v versus Ag | AgCl = ? versus S.H.E.
E(measured) = E(ind) - E(red)
0.197 = E(ind) - (-0.111)
E(ind) = 0.197 - 0.111
E(ind) = 0.086 v
(c) -0.222 v versus S.C.E. = ? versus S.H.E.
E(measured) = E(ind) - E(red)
0.241 = E(ind) - (-0.222)
E(ind) = 0.241 - 0.222
E(ind) = 0.0019 v
d) 0.023 v versus Ag | AgCl = ? versus S.C.E.
E(red) = 0.241 - 0.197 = 0.044
E(measured) = E(ind) - E(red)
= 0.023 - 0.044
= -0.021 v
(e) - 0.023 v versus S.C.E. = ? versus Ag | AgCl
E(measured) = E(ind) - E(red)
0.044 = E(ind) - (-0.023)
E(ind) = 0.044 - 0.023
E(ind) = 0.021 v
Hence, The responses are (a) 0.326 v, (b) 0.086 v, (c) 0.019 v, (d) -0.021 v, and (e) 0.021 v.
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b) why is the methyl group in toluene an ortho/para director? explain, using the reaction mechanism and drawings to support your answer. add an electrophile (you can use e ) to the ortho, meta, or para position,and compare the stabilities of the competing carbocation intermediates (the three possible sigma complexes).
The methyl group is toluene is not on meta position. The methyl group is electron releasing group.
In case of toluene, the methyl group connected to the ring, will increase the electron density at ortho and para positions via way of means of resonance with out converting some thing on the meta position. Thus the attacking reagent at once assaults on the electron wealthy site , accordingly the methyl institution is ortho directing. you may effortlessly apprehend the motion of electrons via way of means of following the route of arrows in structures. There isn't any shape wherein the electrons may be visible on meta position.
The resonating structures of toluene is attached below.
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Helium atoms do not combine to form he2 molecules, yet he atoms do attract one another weakly through.
Helium atoms do not combine to form he2 molecules, yet he atoms do attract one another weakly through dispersion forces.
The weakest intermolecular force is called the dispersion force. When the electrons in two nearby atoms occupy positions that cause the atoms to temporarily form dipoles, the resulting temporary attractive force is known as the London dispersion force. An induced dipole-induced dipole attraction is another name for this force. The attractive forces known as London forces are what cause nonpolar substances to condense into liquids and to freeze into solids when the temperature is sufficiently lowered.
An atom or molecule can produce an instantaneous (temporary) dipole when its electrons are dispersed asymmetrically around the nucleus due to the electrons' constant motion.
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a 10.0 ml solution of 0.10 m hcl is titrated with an unknown concentration of naoh solution. complete neutralization and the equivalence point is reached once 20.0 ml of naoh is added. what is the molarity of the naoh?
The molarity of the NaOH is 0.25M.
What is molarity?
The molar concentration or the molarity of the solution is inversely proportional to the dilution. An increased dilution will decrease the molarity of the solution.
What is concentration?
How much solute has been dissolved in the solvent is indicated by the concentration of the solution.
Therefore, molarity of the NaOH is 0.25M.
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jacob carelessly added only 40.0ml (instead of the recommended 50.0ml) of 1.1 m hcl to the 50.0ml of1.0 m naoh. explain the consequence of the error.
The combined masses of the acid and base, the enthalpy change would be less than anticipated.
What is pH?
An aqueous solution's pH indicates how basic or acidic it is; a pH of 7 or less indicates that the solution is basic. 7 is regarded as the neutral pH. The pH scale typically ranges from 0 to 14, though extremely strong acids and bases may have pH values that are higher than 14.
As 50 ml of HCl are needed to make 50 ml of NaOH, but Jacob only added 40 ml, all the H+ ions are consumed, and this limiting reactant is what prevents the production of the desired product.
[tex]NaOH + HCl - > NaCl + H2O[/tex]
Instead of NaOH, HCl would act as the limiting reactant. This error would result in fewer product. Due to the volume shift, this would also have an impact on the pH levels of the solution. Additionally, by reducing the combined masses of the acid and base, the enthalpy change would be less than anticipated.
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how many moles of gaseous boron trifluoride, bf3, are contained in a 4.3410-l bulb at 788.0 k if the pressure is 1.220 atm? how many grams of bf3?
The total mass of BF3 present is 5.552 g
What do you mean by ideal gas equation?
The Ideal gas law is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas. It is a good approximation to the behaviour of many gases under many conditions, although it has several limitations. The ideal gas equation can be written as.
PV = nRT
Where,
P is the pressure of the ideal gas.
V is the volume of the ideal gas.
n is the amount of ideal gas measured in terms of moles.
R is the universal gas constant.
T is the temperature.
Given situation is ,
( P) Pressure of BF3 gas is 1.220 atm
( V) Volume of BF3 is 4.3410L
( T) Temperature of BF3 is 788.0 K
Now, assuming this as an ideal gas,
Let us apply ideal gas equation,
PV = nRT
n = PV/RT = 1.220 atm * 4.3410L / 0.0821 L atm k-1 mol-1 * 788 K
n = 0.08186 moles of BF3 are present.
Now, we know molar mass of BF3 = 67.82 gmol-1
i.e. total mass of BF3 present = Number of moles * molar mass
= 0.08186 * 67.82g mol-1
= 5.552 g of BF3 is present.
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Which gas is most likely to depart from the assumption of the kinetic-molecular theory that says there are no attractive or repulsive forces between molecules?.
SF₆ is the gas, that is most likely to depart from the assumption of the kinetic-molecular theory that says there are no attractive or repulsive forces between molecules.
What is Kinetic- molecular theory?
The assumption that matter is made up of microscopic particles that are always in motion forms the foundation of the kinetic-molecular theory, which explains the states of matter. The observable characteristics and behaviours of solids, liquids, and gases are explained by this theory. The theory specifically pertains to the ideal gas model of a gas. An ideal gas is a hypothetical gas whose behaviour exactly matches all of the kinetic-molecular theory's presumptions.
What are molecules?
The smallest component of a substance possesses both its chemical and physical characteristics. One or more atoms make up molecules. They may have the same atoms or different atoms if they have more than one (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom).
Hence, SF₆ is the gas, that is most likely to depart from the assumption of the kinetic-molecular theory.
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a sample of gas is heated steadily in a closed rigid container. which of the following correctly describes the result? multiple choice question. the pressure in the container will increase. the pressure in the container will decrease. the volume of the gas will decrease. the volume of the gas will increase.
a) the pressure in the container will increase when a sample of gas is heated steadily in a closed rigid container.
Both the kinetic energy and the gas pressure will rise as a result. Typically, a rise in temperature will result in a rise in volume. The volume of the container cannot rise since the gas is contained inside a rigid container.
By definition, an increase in temperature results in an increase in kinetic energy. The gas's molecules will travel more quickly as a result of the increase in kinetic energy. The molecules smash more forcefully with one another as they move more quickly. Pressure will rise as a result of these encounters.
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