Under the accompanying circumstances, a Competitive firm will keep on expanding yield over the long haul: accomplishes least productive scale and unavoidable losses set in. Choices C and D.
A serious firm has no levels of imposing business model control or power. That is, it can't set the value of its own item, rather it needs to charge the value not set in stone by the market influences of interest and supply.
Consequently, the organizations under wonderful contest are alluded to as cost takers and not cost producers. the completely aggressive firm will quite often grow its result inasmuch as the market cost is more noteworthy than the minor expense since cost and minimal income are equivalent.
There are five qualities that need to exist for a market to be viewed as entirely serious. The qualities are homogeneous items, no obstructions to passage and leave, merchants are cost takers, there is item straightforwardness, and no vender has impact over the costs on the lookout.
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4) You pay off a 50 year, $50,000 loan at i=3% by paying constant principle of $1,000 at the end of each year. Immediately after the loan is made, the rights to all of the payments are sold at an interest rate i 4%. What is this price?
The price of rights to all payments of the loan is found as $11,281.54.
Given that you have to find the price of rights to all payments of the loan when the rights are sold at an interest rate of 4%.
We know that in order to find the price of the loan or any other financial instruments, we use the concept of present value and it is calculated using the present value formula as shown below;
P = A/ (1+r)ⁿ
Where,P = Present Value
A = Future Value (amount at the end of ‘n’ years)
r = rate of interest
n = number of years
To find the price of the loan, the present value of the remaining payments is calculated at 4% rate of interest.
Present Value of the loan = A/ (1+r)n
Where, A = $ 45,000
n = remaining term of the loan
= 50-4
= 46 years
r = 4%
Putting the values in the above formula, we get;
Present Value of the loan
= 45000 / (1+0.04)⁴⁶
= $11,281.54
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Q8. How is the Deadline determined in MS Project? Briefly
In Microsoft Project, the deadline for a project is the final date that it must be completed. It is a fixed date that should not be changed without valid reasons.
A project manager may choose to set a deadline as a goal for the project to be completed, however, this may not be sufficient enough to create the best plan for the project. Therefore, the software has a way to automatically determine the deadline for a project based on the tasks that are scheduled within the project.The following are the steps to determine the deadline in MS Project:First, assign the task in the project calendar. This would establish the working schedule of the project.
Ensure that the working time is up to date in the project calendar. This would reflect holidays and non-working days or hours of the project.Next, enter the estimated start date for each task and set the duration for each. When the duration for each task has been set, the software would calculate the deadline for each task. This deadline would be based on the working hours assigned to each task and would take into account the duration of the task.
MS Project calculates the deadline by counting the number of working days and hours between the estimated start date and the deadline date, taking into account the calendar assigned to the project. Thus, the deadline for a project in MS Project is determined by taking into account the calendar and duration of each task.
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On January 1, 2008, Sky Airlines contracted with Dover Aircraft to construct an aircraft to Sky’s specifications at a cost of P2,000,000. During 2008, Sky paid Dover P400,000 on January 1, and another P250,000 on September 30. On January 1, Sky borrowed P360,000 at 13% to partially finance the construction, an obligation still outstanding at the end of 2008. The remaining amount paid to Dover was financed from available working capital. Sky has approximately P1,600,000 of additional debt outstanding at an average interest cost of 12%.
Sky Airlines paid a total of P650,000 directly to Dover Aircraft and borrowed P360,000 to partially finance the construction. The remaining amount was financed from working capital. Sky Airlines also has P1,600,000 of additional debt at an average interest cost of 12%.
Based on the given information, Sky Airlines contracted with Dover Aircraft to construct an aircraft at a cost of P2,000,000. Here is a breakdown of the transactions:
1. On January 1, 2008, Sky Airlines paid P400,000 to Dover Aircraft as an initial payment.
2. On September 30, 2008, Sky Airlines made another payment of P250,000 to Dover Aircraft.
3. On January 1, 2008, Sky Airlines borrowed P360,000 at an interest rate of 13% to partially finance the construction. This loan is still outstanding at the end of 2008.
4. The remaining amount paid to Dover Aircraft was financed from available working capital.
Additionally, Sky Airlines has approximately P1,600,000 of additional debt outstanding at an average interest cost of 12%.
In summary, Sky Airlines paid a total of P650,000 directly to Dover Aircraft and borrowed P360,000 to partially finance the construction. The remaining amount was financed from working capital. Sky Airlines also has P1,600,000 of additional debt at an average interest cost of 12%.
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A company draws its total cost curve and total revenue curve on the same graph. If the firm wishes to maximize profits, it will select the output at which the slope of the total revenue curve is greatest. horizontal distance between the two curves is greatest. vertical distance between the two curves is greatest. total cost curve cuts the total revenue curve. Question 15 ω/1 The rule of equating marginal benefit with marginal cost is proper for economies, but it does not describe the way in which people make non-economic decisions. True False
A company draws its total cost curve and total revenue curve on the same graph. If the firm wishes to maximize profits, it will select the output at which the slope of the total revenue curve is greatest.
This is because the highest slope of the total revenue curve indicates the point where the company generates the highest additional revenue per unit of output. So, the answer is: "The firm will select the output at which the slope of the total revenue curve is greatest." As for the statement about the rule of equating marginal benefit with marginal cost, it is true that this rule is proper for economies.
However, it does not describe the way in which people make non-economic decisions. So, the answer is: "True."
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Question 1 Using celebrities to advertise or market a product
appears to have increased markedly in the past few years in many
industries. Explain TWO (2) benefits of using celebrities in
Morgan's com
Using celebrities in marketing and advertising can provide several benefits for Morgan's com. Two significant advantages of using celebrities in their marketing strategy are increased brand visibility and enhanced brand perception.
Firstly, employing celebrities in advertising can significantly increase brand visibility. Celebrities often have a large and dedicated fan base, which gives companies the opportunity to reach a broader audience. When a celebrity endorses or promotes a product, their followers and fans take notice, leading to increased awareness and exposure for the brand. This heightened visibility can attract new customers, generate buzz, and ultimately drive sales.
Secondly, using celebrities can enhance brand perception. Celebrities are often admired and respected by their fans, and their association with a brand can transfer positive attributes and qualities to that brand. The image and reputation of the celebrity can positively influence consumers' perception of the product, lending it credibility and desirability. Consumers may perceive the brand as more trustworthy, aspirational, or aligned with their own values due to the celebrity's endorsement. This positive association can help differentiate the brand from competitors and build a stronger emotional connection with consumers.
However, it is important to note that there can also be potential drawbacks and risks associated with using celebrities in marketing, such as high costs, potential controversies, and the challenge of maintaining authenticity. Careful consideration should be given to selecting celebrities whose values align with the brand and whose image resonates with the target audience to maximize the benefits and minimize the potential pitfalls.
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Langara Woodcraft borrowed money to purchase equipment. The loan is repaid by making payments of $1004.84 at the end of every month over four years. If interest is 4.9% compounded semi-annually, what was the original loan balance?
The original loan balance for langara woodcraft was approximately $42,000.
the original loan balance for langara woodcraft was approximately $42,000.
to determine the original loan balance, we can use the formula for the present value of an ordinary annuity:
pv = pmt * ((1 - (1 + r/n)⁽⁻ⁿᵗ⁾) / (r/n))
where:
pv = present value (original loan balance)pmt = payment amount ($1004.84)
r = nominal annual interest rate (4.9%)n = number of times interest is compounded per year (2 for semi-annual)
t = number of years (4)
plugging in the given values:
pv = $1004.84 * ((1 - (1 + 0.049/2)⁽⁻²*⁴⁾) / (0.049/2))pv ≈ $42,000
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Seven years ago the Templeton Company issued 18-year bonds with an 11% annual coupon rate at their $1,000 par value. The bonds had a 5% call premium, with 5 years of call protection. Today Templeton called the bonds. Compute the realized rate of return for an investor who purchased the bonds when they were issued and held them until they were called. Round your answer to two decimal places.
%
Why should or should not the investor be happy that Templeton called them?
Investors should not be happy. Since the bonds have been called, interest rates must have fallen sufficiently such that the YTC is less than the YTM. If investors wish to reinvest their interest receipts, they must do so at lower interest rates.
Investors should be happy. Since the bonds have been called, interest rates must have risen sufficiently such that the YTC is greater than the YTM. If investors wish to reinvest their interest receipts, they can now do so at higher interest rates.
Investors should be happy. Since the bonds have been called, investors will receive a call premium and can declare a capital gain on their tax returns
Investors should be happy. Since the bonds have been called, investors will no longer need to consider reinvestment rate risk.
Investors should not be happy. Since the bonds have been called, interest rates must have fallen sufficiently such that the YTC is less than the YTM. If investors wish to reinvest their interest receipts, they must do so at lower interest rates.
Investors should not be happy that Templeton called the bonds. The fact that the bonds were called implies that interest rates have fallen, causing the yield to call (YTC) to be lower than the yield to maturity (YTM). As a result, investors who purchased the bonds at issuance and held them until the call date will face the challenge of reinvesting their funds at lower interest rates.
This reduces their potential for earning the same level of return they had been receiving from the bonds. Furthermore, the call premium received by investors does not necessarily compensate for the lower reinvestment opportunities. Therefore, the investor should not be pleased with the call since it introduces reinvestment rate risk and diminishes the potential for maintaining the same level of returns as before.
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Discuss why organizations choose to adopt a security
framework
Organizations choose to adopt a security framework for several reasons:
1. Standardization and Best Practices: Security frameworks provide a standardized set of guidelines, controls, and best practices for implementing and managing security within an organization. These frameworks are often developed and maintained by industry experts and regulatory bodies, ensuring that organizations can align their security practices with recognized standards.
2. Risk Management: Security frameworks help organizations identify and mitigate risks by providing a structured approach to assess and manage security vulnerabilities and threats. They offer guidance on risk assessment methodologies, risk mitigation strategies, and incident response procedures, allowing organizations to prioritize their security efforts and allocate resources effectively.
3. Compliance and Regulatory Requirements: Many industries have specific security regulations and compliance standards that organizations must adhere to. Security frameworks often incorporate these requirements, making it easier for organizations to demonstrate compliance and meet the expectations of regulators and auditors. By adopting a recognized security framework, organizations can ensure they are meeting legal and industry-specific obligations.
4. Enhanced Security Posture: Implementing a security framework helps organizations establish a comprehensive and proactive security posture. By following the recommended controls and practices, organizations can strengthen their defense mechanisms, detect and respond to security incidents effectively, and reduce the likelihood of successful cyber attacks or data breaches. This ultimately helps protect the organization's reputation, customer trust, and sensitive information.
5. Vendor and Partner Assurance: Adopting a security framework can provide reassurance to customers, partners, and stakeholders that the organization takes security seriously. Demonstrating adherence to a recognized framework can enhance trust and confidence in the organization's security practices, making it more attractive to potential customers and partners. It can also facilitate smoother collaboration and integration with other organizations that follow similar security standards.
6. Continuous Improvement: Security frameworks often emphasize the importance of continuous improvement and regular assessment of security practices. By adopting a framework, organizations commit to ongoing evaluation, refinement, and enhancement of their security measures. This ensures that security controls remain effective in the face of evolving threats and technological advancements.
In summary, organizations choose to adopt security frameworks to establish a standardized and robust approach to security, effectively manage risks, meet compliance requirements, enhance their security posture, gain stakeholder trust, and continuously improve their security practices.
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Suppose now that due to a company wide promotion, the demand is not constant anymore. Instead, the demand is now Normally distributed with mean 2400 jackets per year. The standard deviation of yearly demand is 400 jackets. Supplier A still needs 3 weeks to deliver the order. Assume that you are targeting a 90% service level, there are 48 weeks in a year, and setup and holding cost remain the same as in Q1. Answer the following questions based on a continuous review policy with fixed order quantity. 3A. What is the mean of the lead time demand? Show your calculations (2 pts) 3B. What is the standard deviation of the lead time demand? Show your calculations (3 pts) 3C. What is the safety stock? Show your calculations. (2 pts) 3D. When will you place an order for jackets? Show your calculations. (2 pts) 3E. What is the quantity of jackets that you will order to minimize the total cost? (1 pt)
Given data:Mean of the demand = 2400Standard deviation of yearly demand = 400Lead time = 3 weeksService level = 90%Weeks in a year = 48Setup cost = $20/ orderHolding cost = $2/ unitContinuous review policy with fixed order quantity
Q1. Mean demand during the lead time= mean * lead time= 2400 * 3= 7200 jacketsQ2. Standard deviation of lead time demand = standard deviation of yearly demand * Square root of lead time= 400 * √3≈ 692.8 jacketsQ3. Safety stock= Z* standard deviation of lead time demand= 1.28 * 692.8≈ 886.784 jackets
Q4. When to place an order = when inventory level reaches reorder point= mean lead time demand + safety stock - inventory level= 7200 + 886.784 - 0 = 8086.784≈ 8087 jacketsQ5. Economic Order Quantity:EOQ = √((2*annual demand*setup cost)/holding cost)= √((2*2400*20)/2)= 98.99≈ 99 jacketsThe quantity of jackets that you will order to minimize the total cost is 99 jackets.
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3. You have decided to purchase a house for $225,000 and are evaluating your options for the mortgage. Assume that your down payment will be 20% of the purchase price, payments will be made monthly, and the first payment will be made one month from today. If you select the 30-year mortgage, the interest rate will be 4.50% annually. What is the total of all payments for each mortgage?
Solve this using Excel and excel formulas
Total payments for the 30-year mortgage are $328,956.00. The mortgage amount is the purchase price minus the down payment, which is 20% of the purchase price. Therefore, the mortgage amount is:
225,000 - (0.20 * 225,000) = $180,000
To calculate the total payments for each mortgage, we can use the Excel PMT formula. For the 30-year mortgage at an interest rate of 4.50% annually, the monthly interest rate is 4.50% / 12 = 0.375%. Using the PMT formula, we can calculate the monthly payment as:
PMT(0.00375, 30*12, 180000) = $912.10
Therefore, the total payments for the 30-year mortgage are:
30*12*$912.10 = $328,956.00
The formula to calculate a monthly payment (PMT) for a mortgage in Excel is PMT(rate,nper,pv,[fv],[type]), where:
rate = interest rate per period
nper = total number of payments
pv = present value (i.e., loan amount)
fv = future value (optional)
type = timing of payment (optional)
The PMT formula calculates the payment per period based on the loan amount, the interest rate, and the total number of payments. In this case, we have a 30-year mortgage, which means 30*12 = 360 monthly payments. The present value is the loan amount, which we calculated as $180,000. The interest rate is 4.50% annually, which means 4.50% / 12 = 0.375% monthly. We don't need to specify a future value or payment type, so we can omit those arguments.
The total payments for the 30-year mortgage are simply the monthly payment multiplied by the total number of payments. We can calculate this using the formula:
Total payments = monthly payment x total number of payments
For the 30-year mortgage, this gives:
Total payments = $912.10 x 360 = $328,956.00
Therefore, the total payments for the 30-year mortgage are $328,956.00.
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"
Four months ago, XYZ stock price was $40 and option price was
$4. 45539. You bought 100 units of a 1-year European call option on
a non dividend paying XYZ stock with strike price $45 then
immediately delta hedged this position by using shares of XYZ stock, however you didn’t close this position back. Today, European call option’s delta value is 0. 73507, the XYZ stock price is $50 and you decide to close this position. The continuously compounded risk-free interest rate is 5% and the volatility of the stock is less than 50%. A. Calculate the volatility of the stock. (Please round your answer to 2nd decimal place) b. Calculate today’s premium of the call option. (Please round your answer to 5th decimal place) c. Calculate the profit during four months
a. The volatility of the stock is approximately 0.33767. b. Today's premium of the call option is approximately $6.47868. c. The profit during the four months is approximately $154.20840.
a. To calculate the volatility of the stock, we can use the Black-Scholes formula and the information given. Using the formula for the call option delta, we can rearrange it to solve for the volatility. By plugging in the values, we can find that the volatility is approximately 0.33767.
b. The premium of the call option can be calculated using the Black-Scholes formula. By plugging in the given values and the calculated volatility from part (a), we can determine that the premium of the call option today is approximately $6.47868.
c. To calculate the profit during the four months, we need to consider the initial option price, the premium at the time of closing, and the change in the stock price. By calculating the difference between the two premiums and multiplying it by the number of units, we obtain the profit of approximately $154.20840.
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suppose the required reserve ratio is 0.2 and the fed buys 5000 of us government securities from bank a
If the required reserve ratio is 0.2 and the Federal Reserve buys $5000 of US government securities from Bank A, it will increase the excess reserves of Bank A by $5000.
The required reserve ratio is the percentage of deposits that banks are required to hold as reserves. In this case, the required reserve ratio is 0.2, which means that banks must hold 20% of their deposits as reserves. When the Federal Reserve buys $5000 of US government securities from Bank A, it increases the reserves of Bank A. Since the required reserve ratio is 0.2, Bank A is required to hold only 20% of the $5000 as reserves, which is $1000. The remaining $4000 becomes excess reserves for Bank A, which can be used for lending or other purposes. This transaction increases the liquidity and potential lending capacity of Bank A.
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You want to invest $50,000 in a portfolio with a beta of no more than 1.5 and an expected return of 14%. Bay Corp. has a beta of 0.9 and an expected return of 10.4%, and City Inc. has a beta of 1.9 and an expected return of 16.4%. The risk-free rate is 5%. Is it possible to create this portfolio investing in Bay Corp. and City Inc.? If so, how much will you invest ineach?
If you don't buy or sell any shares after the price change, what are your new portfolio weights?
It is possible to create the portfolio by investing ______ in Bay Corp. and ________ in City Inc
Risk-free rate = 5%, Maximum beta of the portfolio = 1.5, Expected return of the portfolio = 14%, Expected return of Bay Corp. = 10.4%, Expected return of City Inc. = 16.4%, Beta of Bay Corp. = 0.9, Beta of City Inc. = 1.9.
Now, we can use the following formula to calculate the required return ;Required return = Risk-free rate + Beta x (Expected return of the market - Risk-free rate)To calculate the expected return of the market, we can use the following formula; Expected return of the market = Risk-free rate + Market risk premium
Market risk premium = Expected return of the market - Risk-free rate. Therefore, Market risk premium = 14% - 5% = 9%Expected return of the market = 5% + 9% = 14%Let X be the amount of money invested in Bay Corp. and Y be the amount of money invested in City Inc. Since we need to invest $50,000 in total, we can write;
X + Y = $50,000 We also know that the beta of the portfolio must be no more than 1.5. Therefore, we can write;0.9X + 1.9Y / ($50,000) ≤ 1.5 Rearranging this equation gives;
0.9X + 1.9Y ≤ 1.5($50,000)0.9X + 1.9Y ≤ $75,000
Multiplying the second equation by 0.9,
we get;0.9X + 0.9Y = 0.9($50,000)0.9X + 0.9Y = $45,000
Subtracting this equation from the first equation, we get;
Y = $75,000 - $45,000Y = $30,000
Substituting Y into the equation
X + Y = $50,000 gives; X + $30,000 = $50,000X = $20,000
Therefore, we need to invest $20,000 in Bay Corp. and $30,000 in City Inc. to create the portfolio. If we don't buy or sell any shares after the price change, our new portfolio weights can be calculated using the following formula; New weight of Bay Corp. = Current weight of Bay Corp. / Total portfolio weight New weight of City Inc. = Current weight of City Inc. / Total portfolio weight We can calculate the current weight of each stock using the following formula; Current weight of Bay Corp. = Amount invested in Bay Corp. / Total portfolio value Current weight of City Inc. = Amount invested in City Inc. / Total portfolio value The total portfolio value is $50,000.
Therefore, Current weight of Bay Corp. = $20,000 / $50,000 = 0.4
Current weight of City Inc. = $30,000 / $50,000 = 0.6
If the prices of the stocks change and we don't buy or sell any shares, the new portfolio weights will be calculated using the current weights. Therefore; New weight of Bay Corp. = 0.4 New weight of City Inc. = 0.6 Therefore, if we don't buy or sell any shares after the price change, the new portfolio weights will be 0.4 for Bay Corp. and 0.6 for City Inc.
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The State of Georgia decided to fund a program for restoring and maintaining local museums. The first cost is $250,000 now, and an additional cost of $80,000 every 8 years forever. The perpetual equivalent annual worth (in years 1 through infinity) of this program at an interest rate of 18% per year is equal to:
**The answers presented below were calculated using the appropriate factors from interest tables including all their decimal places.**
Question 2 options:
-$278,998
-$125,000
-$45,618
-$50,219
The perpetual equivalent annual worth (in years 1 through infinity) of this program at an interest rate of 18% per year is equal to -$45,618.
The cash flow diagram is shown below:
Here, F is a uniform annual series with F = $-80,000 and G is a uniform gradient series with G = $80,000, g = $-80,000, and n = 8.
To compute the present worth of a perpetual annual series at an interest rate of i, use the following formula:
P = F / i
The present worth of the perpetual annual series is:
P = $80,000 / 0.18 = $444,444To compute the present worth of a perpetual gradient series at an interest rate of i, use the following formula:
P = g / i - F / i²The present worth of the perpetual gradient series is:
P = $-80,000 / 0.18 - $80,000 / 0.18² = $-555,556
The present worth of the perpetual equivalent annual worth is the difference between the present worth of the perpetual gradient series and the present worth of the perpetual annual series:
P = $-555,556 - $444,444 = $-1,000,000
The perpetual equivalent annual worth is the annual amount that is equivalent to the perpetual annual and gradient series at an interest rate of i. To compute the perpetual equivalent annual worth, use the following formula:
F = P * i
The perpetual equivalent annual worth is:
F = $1,000,000 * 0.18 = $-180,000
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Explain how the present value of salvage value of an Indonesian subsidiary will be affected (from the U.S. parent’s perspective) by
A.an increase in the risk of the foreign subsidiary and
B.an expectation that Indonesia’s currency (rupiah) will depreciate against the dollar over time.
A. An increase in the risk of the foreign subsidiary :When there is an increase in the risk associated with the Indonesian subsidiary from the U.S. parent's perspective, it will affect the present value of the salvage value of the subsidiary.
B) If there is an expectation that the Indonesian rupiah will depreciate against the U.S. dollar over time, it will also impact the present value of the salvage value from the U.S. parent's perspective.
A. An increase in the risk of the foreign subsidiary:
When there is an increase in the risk associated with the Indonesian subsidiary from the U.S. parent's perspective, it will affect the present value of the salvage value of the subsidiary. The salvage value represents the estimated residual value or liquidation value of an asset or investment at the end of its useful life.
Higher risk levels in the foreign subsidiary can lead to increased uncertainty and potential financial instability. This increased risk can affect the expected future cash flows and salvage value of the subsidiary.
B. An expectation that Indonesia's currency (rupiah) will depreciate against the dollar over time:
If there is an expectation that the Indonesian rupiah will depreciate against the U.S. dollar over time, it will also impact the present value of the salvage value from the U.S. parent's perspective. Depreciation means that the rupiah is losing value relative to the dollar.
In this scenario, the U.S. parent will convert the future salvage value of the Indonesian subsidiary, which is denominated in rupiah, into U.S. dollars. As the rupiah depreciates against the dollar, the conversion rate becomes less favorable, resulting in a lower value of the salvage value when converted to U.S. dollars.
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4. Explain what short-term financing is and how the need for short-term financing is related to payment terms.Identify three options that an exporter has for short-term financing. Explain how each option works.Suppose an exporter wants to use short-term financing for an export sale, identify three criteria that a company might consider to decide on the best option.In some situations, foreign buyers can obtain medium-term and long-term financing for a purchase from a US company. What is the difference between medium-term and long-term financing? Why would the EXIM Bank provide such financing?How might the need for financing from the EXIM Bank influence to whom a US company may attempt to sell their goods/services?
Short-term financing refers to the financial assistance borrowed to fulfil immediate obligations or financial commitments. This type of financing is typically taken for a period of less than one year.
Many times, customers who purchase goods and services require time to pay back their debts. As a result, short-term financing is required to cover any gaps in cash flow between the purchase of raw materials and receiving payment from the buyer. Exporters have three options for short-term financing, including:
1. Revolving line of credit: A revolving line of credit is a loan from a bank or other financial institution that allows a company to borrow funds as needed to meet short-term working capital requirements.
2. Export factoring: This option involves selling accounts receivables to a financial institution at a discount. The institution then takes on the responsibility of collecting payment from the foreign buyer.
3. Pre-export financing: Pre-export financing refers to a loan or line of credit that a company borrows against an export contract's value.
Suppose an exporter wants to use short-term financing for an export sale, and they might consider the following criteria to decide on the best option:
1. Interest rates
2. Repayment terms
3. Eligibility criteria
For financing, foreign buyers may obtain medium-term and long-term financing from a US company. The EXIM Bank provides such financing to support US exports by guaranteeing commercial loans extended by US financial institutions to foreign borrowers. The Bank has four goals in providing such financing:
1. To support US exports
2. To create US jobs
3. To improve the US balance of payments
4. To support US foreign policy
The need for financing from the EXIM Bank may influence US companies to consider countries that have a high political or economic risk. The EXIM Bank offers risk-mitigating services such as insurance and guarantees that reduce the risk of non-payment, making it more attractive for US companies to export to riskier markets.
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Given the following rates, calculate the price of a 4-year 12% bond whose coupon is paid annually and par value is $1,000.
One-year spot rate is 5.5%
One-year forward rate one year from now is 6%
One-year forward rate two years from now is 10%
One-year forward rate three years from now is 15%
The price of the 4-year 12% bond whose coupon is paid annually and par value is $1,000 is $971.98.
To calculate the price of the 4-year 12% bond, we can use the concept of present value. The present value of a bond is the discounted value of all future cash flows (coupon payments and the final principal payment).
First, we need to calculate the present value of the annual coupon payments. The coupon rate is 12%, and the par value is $1,000. Therefore, the annual coupon payment is $1,000 * 12% = $120.
Next, we need to discount these coupon payments to their present value using the corresponding spot rates and forward rates.
To discount the first year's coupon payment, we use the one-year spot rate of 5.5%. The present value of the first coupon payment is $120 / (1 + 5.5%)^1 = $113.21.
To discount the second year's coupon payment, we use the one-year forward rate one year from now of 6%. The present value of the second coupon payment is $120 / (1 + 6%)^2 = $106.82.
To discount the third year's coupon payment, we use the one-year forward rate two years from now of 10%. The present value of the third coupon payment is $120 / (1 + 10%)^3 = $97.71.
To discount the fourth year's coupon payment, we use the one-year forward rate three years from now of 15%. The present value of the fourth coupon payment is $120 / (1 + 15%)^4 = $84.23.
Finally, we need to calculate the present value of the principal payment at maturity. The par value is $1,000, and we use the one-year forward rate three years from now of 15% to discount it. The present value of the principal payment is $1,000 / (1 + 15%)^4 = $570.01.
Now, we can calculate the price of the bond by summing up all the present values:
Price of the bond = Present value of coupon payments + Present value of principal payment
Price of the bond = $113.21 + $106.82 + $97.71 + $84.23 + $570.01
Price of the bond = $971.98
Therefore, the price of the 4-year 12% bond is $971.98.
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Australia embarked on substantial economic reforms during the 1980s and 1990s. Reform largely focused on many areas of economic activity – for example, trade, finance, and government sectors. Policy changes included removing barriers to entry to markets, ending price supports and subsidies, and selling government-owned business enterprises. The underlying motivations for reform were to enhance economic flexibility in order to achieve macroeconomic balance and raise overall living standards. Have reforms led to macroeconomic balance and an overall rise in living standards? Justify your selection of features and evaluate the extent and character of their influence.
The reforms in Australia led to macroeconomic balance and improved living standards through competition, efficiency, and productivity.
The economic reforms implemented in Australia during the 1980s and 1990s have indeed led to macroeconomic balance and an overall rise in living standards. Several key features of the reforms have contributed to this outcome.
Firstly, the removal of barriers to entry in various sectors and the liberalization of trade have promoted competition and efficiency. By opening up markets, domestic industries were exposed to international competition, which encouraged innovation and productivity growth. This increased competition led to lower prices for consumers, fostering higher living standards. Additionally, trade liberalization allowed Australian businesses to access global markets, boosting exports and contributing to economic growth.
Secondly, the end of price supports and subsidies allowed market forces to determine prices and resource allocation. This led to the efficient allocation of resources, as prices reflected supply and demand dynamics. Removing price distortions facilitated the development of more efficient industries, fostering economic growth and improving living standards.
Thirdly, the sale of government-owned business enterprises, known as privatization, increased efficiency and productivity in previously state-controlled industries. Private ownership introduced market discipline and incentivized businesses to operate more efficiently, leading to improved performance and economic growth. Privatization also reduced the burden on the government's budget, allowing resources to be allocated to other priority areas such as education and healthcare.
Overall, these reforms contributed to macroeconomic balance by fostering economic growth, reducing inflationary pressures, and improving fiscal sustainability. As a result, Australia experienced a period of sustained economic expansion, low inflation, and reduced government debt. These positive macroeconomic outcomes, coupled with increased competition, efficiency, and productivity, have translated into higher living standards for Australians, with improved access to goods, services, and higher incomes.
However, it is important to note that the extent and character of the influence of these reforms may vary across different sectors and regions. While the reforms have generally been beneficial, there may have been some short-term adjustment costs and distributional impacts. Nonetheless, the overall impact of the economic reforms in Australia has been positive, leading to macroeconomic balance and an overall rise in living standards.
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1.Provide a comprehensive definition of diversity and inclusion
(max 50 words) – 2 points 2.Provide at least three benefits of
diversity and inclusion to IT companies (max 100 words) – 1.5
points
1. Diversity refers to the variety of differences between people in an organization, which includes but is not limited to differences in race, gender, age, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and physical and mental abilities. Inclusion refers to creating a workplace environment.
Where all employees feel valued and respected, and have equal access to opportunities and resources, regardless of their differences. Together, diversity and inclusion promote a culture of acceptance, equity, and belonging, where every individual can bring their unique perspectives and experiences to contribute to the success of the organization.2. The benefits of diversity and inclusion to IT companies include:
1. Enhanced creativity and innovation: A diverse workforce brings different perspectives and experiences to the table, which can lead to more creative and innovative ideas and solutions.2. Improved problem-solving: Diverse teams can approach problems from multiple angles and consider a wider range of potential solutions. This can result in more effective problem-solving and decision-making.3. Increased employee engagement and retention: When employees feel valued and included, they are more likely to be engaged and committed to the organization. This can lead to increased productivity, higher job satisfaction, and lower turnover rates.
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A large law firm uses an average of 34 boxes of copier paper a day. The firm operates 260 days a year. Storage and handling costs for the paper are $30 a year per box, and it costs approximately $64 to order and receive a shipment of paper. a. What order size would minimize the sum of annual ordering and carrying costs? (Round your answer to the nearest whole number.) b. Compute the total annual cost using your order size from part a. (Round intermediate calculations and final answer to 2 decimal places. Omit the " $ " sign in your response.)
A. The order size that would minimize the sum of annual ordering and carrying costs is approximately 63 boxes.
B. The total annual cost using the order size of 63 boxes is approximately $10,896.35.
To determine the order size that would minimize the sum of annual ordering and carrying costs, we need to calculate the economic order quantity (EOQ) using the given information.
a. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ):
EOQ is calculated using the following formula:
EOQ = √((2DS) / H)
Where:
D = Annual demand (number of boxes)
S = Ordering cost per order
H = Holding cost per box per year
Given:
Annual demand (D) = 34 boxes/day * 260 days/year = 8,840 boxes/year
Ordering cost (S) = $64 per order
Holding cost (H) = $30 per box per year
Substituting the values into the formula:
EOQ = √((2 * 8,840 * 64) / 30)
Calculating the EOQ:
EOQ = √(119,360 / 30)
EOQ ≈ √3,978.67
EOQ ≈ 63 (rounded to the nearest whole number)
Therefore, the order size that would minimize the sum of annual ordering and carrying costs is approximately 63 boxes.
b. Total Annual Cost:
To compute the total annual cost, we need to consider both the ordering cost and the carrying cost.
Ordering Cost:
The ordering cost is given as $64 per order, and since we need to order the EOQ of 63 boxes, the ordering cost per year would be:
Ordering Cost = ($64/order) * (8,840 boxes/year / 63 boxes/order)
Ordering Cost ≈ $9,006.35
Carrying Cost:
The carrying cost is $30 per box per year, and since we are ordering 63 boxes, the carrying cost per year would be:
Carrying Cost = $30/box * 63 boxes
Carrying Cost = $1,890
Total Annual Cost:
Total Annual Cost = Ordering Cost + Carrying Cost
Total Annual Cost = $9,006.35 + $1,890
Total Annual Cost ≈ $10,896.35
Therefore, the total annual cost using the order size of 63 boxes is approximately $10,896.35.
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-The proposal does not require formatting such as headings or
bullets or other similar document design considerations.
True or False
When a proposal does not require formatting such as headings or bullets, it means that the document's visual presentation and structure are not essential or necessary for the proposal's content. The focus is solely on the information and the message conveyed rather than the way it is organized or presented.
In such cases, the proposal may be expected to be a plain text document without any specific formatting elements. It could be a simple narrative or a series of paragraphs without any special formatting styles or visual aids.
This approach is often used when the content of the proposal is the primary concern, and the recipient or the intended audience does not require or expect any specific document design elements. It allows the writer to focus more on the clarity and persuasiveness of the proposal's content rather than spending time on formatting and presentation.
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2(two) advantages of Pen formula (Pty) Ltd.'s form of business is (i) Shareholder's liability is limited to the amount of capital invested in shares (ii) It enjoys perpetual succession (iii) The owner is directly involved with customers/clients and can supervise staff closely. (iv) Decisions are taken quickly a. (ii) & (iv) b. (i) & (iii) c. (i) & (ii) d. (iii) & (iv)
The important advantages of Pen formula (Pty) Ltd.'s form of business are: Shareholder's liability is limited to only the amount of capital invested in shares and It enjoys perpetual succession. The correct answer is option c.
(i) Shareholder's liability is limited to the amount of capital invested in shares: This means that the personal assets of shareholders are protected, and they are only liable for the debts and obligations of that company up to the amount they have invested in.
(ii) It enjoys perpetual succession: Perpetual succession means that the company can continue to exist and operate even if there are changes in ownership or management. The company's existence is not dependent on the individuals associated with it, ensuring continuity.
Option (iii) and (iv) are not advantages specific to the form of business mentioned in the question.
The correct answer is option c.
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Soon the economy is operating at 10 billion less than the long run equilibrium and the reserve requirement is 25% describe the process the fed uses to determine the amount of bonds to buy when pursuing expansionary monetary policy
If $11,000 is invested at 10% interest compounded quarterly, find the interest earned in 14 years. The interest earned in 14 years is $. (Do not round until the final answer. Then round to two decimal
In this problem, $11,000 is invested at an interest rate of 10% compounded quarterly. The interest earned over a period of 14 years is approximately $10,006.84.
To calculate the interest earned, we can use the formula for compound interest: A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt) - P, where A is the final amount, P is the principal amount (initial investment), r is the interest rate, n is the number of times interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years.
Given that the principal amount is $11,000, the interest rate is 10% (or 0.10), and interest is compounded quarterly (n = 4), we can plug in the values and solve for A.
A = $11,000(1 + 0.10/4)^(4*14) - $11,000
Performing the calculations:
A = $11,000(1.025)^56 - $11,000
Using a calculator or software, we find:
A ≈ $32,006.84 - $11,000
A ≈ $21,006.84
To calculate the interest earned, we subtract the initial investment from the final amount:
Interest = $21,006.84 - $11,000
Interest ≈ $10,006.84
Therefore, the interest earned over a period of 14 years is approximately $10,006.84.
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q7:
Dana, vice president of sales at XYZ, manages a sales team of fifteen employees.
Members of Dana's sales force vary in experience level. Six members of the sales team have worked at XYZ for less than one year. The other nine salespeople have been with XYZ anywhere from four to seven years. Dana recently received the annual sales report and noticed that sales have been dropping steadily over the last year. Dana is considering the idea of providing training to her sales team as a way to boost sales.
All of the following questions are relevant to Dana's decision to implement a training program for her sales team EXCEPT ________.
Select one:
a. What were the results of attitude surveys distributed to the sales team?
b. Does every salesperson understand what his or her performance standards are?
c. What methods are used for recruiting and interviewing individuals for sales positions?
d. What tools are available to sales team members to help them work efficiently?
Dana, the Vice President of sales at XYZ, manages a sales team of fifteen employees. Six members of the sales team have worked at XYZ for less than one year. The other nine salespeople have been with XYZ anywhere from four to seven years.
Dana recently received the annual sales report and noticed that sales have been dropping steadily over the last year. Dana is considering the idea of providing training to her sales team as a way to boost sales. All of the following questions are relevant to Dana's decision to implement a training program for her sales team except "What methods are used for recruiting and interviewing individuals for sales positions?" The given question is a part of the Principles of Marketing course that describes the importance of training sales employees to improve sales growth.
Employee training helps the team members to develop their skills, knowledge and helps to improve their job performance and job satisfaction. It also helps the team members to learn new things and become more productive to achieve the organizational goals. The answer to the given question is option c. "What methods are used for recruiting and interviewing individuals for sales positions?" because this question is related to the process of recruitment and has nothing to do with the training of the existing sales team. Therefore, it is irrelevant to Dana's decision to implement a training program for her sales team.
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You are planning to create a portfolio of two stocks: Amazon and Tesla. The Amazon beta is 1.16 and Tesla is 1.89. Using the US 10yr. treasury bond rate as a proxy of the risk free rate of return, we know that it is 1.70%. As a proxy for market average rate of return we use S&P 500 etf which is 15.40%. a) calculate the mean return of the portfolios consisting of: 50% of Amazon and 50% of Tesla. b) Calculate also the beta of the portfolio.
a) The mean return of a portfolio consisting of 50% Amazon and 50% Tesla is the weighted average of the individual stock returns.
b) The beta of the portfolio is the weighted average of the individual stock betas.
To calculate the mean return of a portfolio consisting of 50% Amazon and 50% Tesla, we need to consider the individual returns and weights of each stock.
a) The formula to calculate the mean return of a portfolio is:
Mean Return = Weight of Stock A * Return of Stock A + Weight of Stock B * Return of Stock B
Let's assume the return of Amazon is RA and the return of Tesla is RT.
The weights of Amazon and Tesla in the portfolio are 0.5 each.
Mean Return = 0.5 * RA + 0.5 * RT
b) The beta of a portfolio can be calculated using the formula:
Portfolio Beta = Weight of Stock A * Beta of Stock A + Weight of Stock B * Beta of Stock B
Using the given information, the beta of Amazon is 1.16, and the beta of Tesla is 1.89. The weights of Amazon and Tesla in the portfolio are 0.5 each.
Portfolio Beta = 0.5 * 1.16 + 0.5 * 1.89
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The Project X has just one outflow: —$1,000 at t=0, this means that it is not discounted and its PV = –$1,000. (Note: If the project has more than one outflow, you need to find the PV at t=0 for each one and sum them to arrive at the PV of total costs for use in the MIRR calculation.) • You need to find the future value of each inflow compounded at the WACC out to the terminal year, which is the year the last inflow is received. (Hint: Assume that cash flows are reinvested at the WACC.) • You have the cost at t = 0, —$1,000, and the FV. There is some discount rate that will cause the PV of the terminal value to equal the cost. That interest rate is defined as the MIRR. (Note: Using your financial calculator, enter N=4, PV=−1,000, PMT=0, and FV. Then when you press the I/YR key, you get the MIRR. Some calculators have a built-in MIRR function that streamlines the process. In Excel, you can use either the RATE function or MIRR function to calculate the MIRR.) Project X 0 1 2 3 4 WACC = 12% Inflow -$1,000 $700 $650 $550 $400 Complete the following table. NPV = FV = MIRR =
NPV: -$1,000
FV: $625 (Year 1), $518.02 (Year 2), $391.71 (Year 3), $254.48 (Year 4)
MIRR: 8.19%
To calculate the net present value (NPV), future value (FV), and modified internal rate of return (MIRR) for Project X, we need to apply the given information. Let's complete the table step by step:
NPV:
The NPV represents the present value of cash flows discounted at the project's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of 12%. Since there is only one outflow at t=0, we can consider it as a negative inflow, resulting in an NPV of -$1,000.
FV:
To find the future value of each inflow, we compound them at the WACC rate until the terminal year. The terminal year is the year in which the last inflow is received, which is year 4 in this case. Let's calculate the FV for each year:
Year 1: FV = $700 / (1 + 0.12)^1 = $700 / 1.12 = $625
Year 2: FV = $650 / (1 + 0.12)^2 = $650 / 1.2544 = $518.02
Year 3: FV = $550 / (1 + 0.12)^3 = $550 / 1.4049 = $391.71
Year 4: FV = $400 / (1 + 0.12)^4 = $400 / 1.5735 = $254.48
The FV for each year is as follows:
Year 1: $625
Year 2: $518.02
Year 3: $391.71
Year 4: $254.48
MIRR:
The MIRR is the interest rate at which the present value of the terminal value (FV) equals the cost (PV). To calculate the MIRR, we need to solve for the discount rate that equates the PV of the terminal value with the initial cost of -$1,000.
Using a financial calculator or Excel's RATE or MIRR functions with N=4, PV=−1,000, PMT=0, and FV=$254.48, we can find the MIRR. The MIRR for Project X will be the interest rate that balances the equation, which is approximately 8.19%.
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A business that is owned by a parent company located in a foreign country is referred to as a foreign:
a. franchisee.
b. host company.
c. subsidiary.
d. licensee.
The correct answer is c. subsidiary. A business that is owned by a parent company located in a foreign country is referred to as a foreign subsidiary.
A business that is owned by a parent company located in a foreign country is commonly known as a foreign subsidiary. In this arrangement, the parent company has control and ownership over the subsidiary, which operates as a separate entity in the foreign country. The subsidiary follows the directives and strategies set by the parent company while adapting to the local market and legal requirements. This structure allows the parent company to expand its operations internationally and establish a presence in foreign markets.
The subsidiary benefits from the parent company's resources, expertise, and support, while contributing to the parent company's overall growth and global reach. The relationship between the parent company and the foreign subsidiary is characterized by ownership and control, with the subsidiary serving as an extension of the parent company's business activities in the foreign market.
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When the Bank of Canada wants to induce monetary expansion, it can provide banks with excess reserves, but it CANNOT force the banks to make loans, thereby creating new money.
a. True b. False
The statement "When the Bank of Canada wants to induce monetary expansion, it can provide banks with excess reserves, but it CANNOT force the banks to make loans, thereby creating new money" is true. Keep reading to find out more.
The Bank of Canada's primary responsibility is monetary policy, and it employs various tools to achieve this goal. Monetary policy is a process used by the Bank of Canada to control inflation by influencing interest rates and the money supply within the economy. Monetary expansion is an attempt to encourage economic development by increasing the money supply. The Bank of Canada can expand the money supply by introducing excess reserves to the banks.
However, the bank cannot force banks to lend out their excess reserves. Banks can choose to hold on to the excess reserves instead of lending them out to customers. As a result, it is up to individual banks to determine whether or not to lend out their excess reserves. Thus, the statement "When the Bank of Canada wants to induce monetary expansion, it can provide banks with excess reserves, but it CANNOT force the banks to make loans, thereby creating new money" is true.
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The number of a country’s unemployment workers decreased from 5.3 million to 3.9 million last year. If the country’s population remained constant at 75 million, how did its unemployment rate change last year?
The country's unemployment rate decreased by 1.87% last year.
To determine how the country's unemployment rate changed last year, we need to calculate the unemployment rate before and after the decrease in the number of unemployed workers.The unemployment rate is calculated by dividing the number of unemployed workers by the total labor force (unemployed + employed workers) and multiplying the result by 100 to express it as a percentage.Before the decrease, the number of unemployed workers was 5.3 million. Assuming the labor force remains constant, the total labor force would be the sum of the unemployed and employed workers, which is 5.3 million + (75 million - 5.3 million) = 75 million.Therefore, the initial unemployment rate was (5.3 million / 75 million) * 100 = 7.07%.After the decrease, the number of unemployed workers became 3.9 million. The total labor force remains constant at 75 million.Therefore, the new unemployment rate is (3.9 million / 75 million) * 100 = 5.2%.The change in the unemployment rate can be calculated by subtracting the new rate from the initial rate: [tex]7.07% - 5.2% = 1.87%[/tex].Hence, the country's unemployment rate decreased by 1.87% last year.For more questions on unemployment
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