Soil is a natural, complex mixture of minerals, organic matter, air, water, and living organisms that supports plant growth. It is the uppermost layer of the Earth's crust, and is formed through the weathering of rocks and the decomposition of organic matter. Soil has different layers, or horizons, that are characterized by differences in color, texture, and composition. The topsoil layer, also known as the A-horizon, is the most important layer for plant growth as it contains most of the nutrients and organic matter.
What about Earth's crust:
Earth's crust is the outermost layer of the planet and is composed of solid rocks and minerals. It is the thinnest and least dense layer of the Earth's interior, with an average thickness of about 30 kilometers under continents and 10 kilometers under oceans.
Define decomposition?
Decomposition is the natural process of breaking down complex organic matter into simpler substances by the action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, as well as through physical and chemical processes.
In the warm season, the soil stores energy, and in the winter, it releases it to the atmosphere . The ratio of energy absorbed to energy lost from the earth determines the temperature of the soil. It varies yearly and daily, primarily being impacted by changes in air temperature and solar energy. So, the given statement is true.
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A particle that is 1000 mm with traveling in a stream with a velocity of 10,000mms
The kinetic energy of the particle is approximately 26.18 gigajoules (GJ).
How to find the kinetic energy of the particle?
To convert the length of the particle from millimetres (mm) to meters (m), we divide by 1000:
Length of particle = 1000 mm / 1000 = 1 m
The velocity of the particle is given as 10,000 m/s.
We can use the equation for kinetic energy (KE) to calculate the energy of the particle:
[tex]KE = 1/2 * m * v^2[/tex]
where m is the particle's mass and v is its velocity.
To calculate the mass of the particle, we need to know its density. Let's assume it has a density of [tex]1 g/cm^3.[/tex]
The volume of the particle is:
[tex]V = (4/3) * pi * r^3[/tex]
where r is the radius of the particle. We know the length of the particle is 1 m, so the radius is:
r = 1/2 = 0.5 m
Substituting the value of the radius into the equation for the volume:
[tex]V = (4/3) * pi * (0.5)^3 = 0.5236 m^3[/tex]
The mass of the particle is:
m = density * volume[tex]= 1 g/cm^3 * 1000 kg/m^3 * 0.5236 m^3 = 523.6 kg[/tex]
Substituting the values of mass and velocity into the equation for kinetic energy:
[tex]KE = 1/2 * m * v^2 = 1/2 * 523.6 kg * (10,000 m/s)^2 = 26.18 GJ[/tex]
Therefore, the kinetic energy of the particle is approximately 26.18 gigajoules (GJ).
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Explain how Pythium infection may disrupt the transpiration stream
Pythium is a soil-borne fungal pathogen that can infect plant roots, causing a disease known as pythium root rot.
When plants are infected with Pythium, the fungus can colonize and damage the root tissues, including the root hairs responsible for water and nutrient uptake. As a result, the infected roots may not be able to take up water effectively from the soil, which can lead to reduced water availability in the plant tissues. This can then disrupt the transpiration stream, which is the process by which water is transported from the roots to the leaves of the plant. The disruption of the transpiration stream can cause wilted leaves, stunted growth, and even plant death.
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which two effects does sds (sodium dodecyl sulfate) have on proteins? multiple select question. sds denatures protein. sds precipitates proteins from solution. sds raises the ph of a protein. sds coats protein with a negative charge.
The two effects that SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) has on proteins are:
SDS denatures proteins by disrupting the non-covalent interactions that maintain the protein's folded structure.SDS coats proteins with a negative charge, allowing them to be separated based on size through SDS-PAGE (Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis).Therefore, the correct options are:
SDS denatures protein.SDS coats protein with a negative charge.Green construction involves following building practices that
adhere to the principles of
O regeneration
O depletion
O sustainability
O recycling
Green construction involves following building practices that adhere to the principles of sustainability.
What is green construction?
Green construction is a building practice that promotes sustainability and reduces environmental impact. It involves techniques such as energy-efficient designs, use of renewable energy, and incorporation of recycled materials. The goal is to create structures that are environmentally responsible and promote a healthy living environment, reducing the overall impact of the construction industry on the environment.
This includes reducing environmental impact, minimizing resource depletion, promoting regeneration of natural systems, and maximizing the use of recycled materials. Sustainable building practices can involve a variety of techniques, such as energy-efficient designs, use of renewable energy sources, and incorporation of recycled materials into construction.
The goal of green construction is to create structures that are environmentally responsible, energy-efficient, and promote a healthy living environment. By following these principles, green construction can help to reduce the overall environmental impact of the construction industry and promote a more sustainable future.
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which is not characteristic of the parasympathetic division of the ans? no rami communicantes long postganglionic axons terminal ganglia close to the target organ craniosacral preganglionic neuron cell bodies long preganglionic axons
No Rami Communicantes is not characteristic of the parasympathetic division of the ANS. The other three characteristics are all common to the parasympathetic division.
Parasympathetic division of ANS is one of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system. This division is responsible for the activation of the body during a relaxed state.
The parasympathetic division of the ANS is characterized by having no rami communicantes. Parasympathetic fibers are normally not found on thoracic spinal nerves. Instead, they emerge from sacral spinal nerves S2 through S4 and from the vagus nerve (CN X).
The parasympathetic division, unlike the sympathetic division, does not have a chain of ganglia adjacent to the spinal cord, but rather has terminal ganglia located close to the target organ. The preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division are quite long, while the postganglionic fibers are quite short.
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A carrot would be an example of a _______ system.
The apical meristem and new growth in the roots are protected by the _______.
Stems of _______ contain a ring of vascular tissue, which includes the xylem and phloem.
Stems thicken to support plants growing taller during _______ growth.
_______ regulate the exchange of gases in the leaves and help maintain homeostasis.
The leaves are often broad and flat because they are the main site of _______ in a plant.
The force that allows water molecules to stick to other water molecules is called _______.
The process by which plants release water into the air as vapor, while pulling more water upward into the leaves is called _______.
Plants absorb liquid from the substrate and expel evaporation into the atmosphere through their leaves during transpiration.
What causes plants' flying components to produce water vapour, primarily through their leaves' stomata?Transpiration is the process through which trees transfer water vapour from various flying components. Pores on the leaves are the primary way that it happens. It increases under dry air as well as whenever the wind blows, and it moves most quickly during the hottest parts of the day.
What is the method that uses daylight to desalinate sea into evaporation and back into water?The Sunlight reaches your ocean's surface water, giving it energy. When given enough force, liquid hydrogen atoms transform into evaporation and disperse into the atmosphere. Evaporation is the term for this action.
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Answer:
1.taproot
2.root cap
3.dicot
4.secondary
5.Stomata
6.photosynthesis
7.cohesion
8.transpiration
9.Cohesion describes water molecules sticking together, while adhesion allows them to stick to the sides of the xylem that runs up the plant stem. When water at the top of this chain breaks free and evaporates from the leaf, it pulls on the water molecules behind it. In this way, water molecules are pulled up the plant stem from the roots and into the leaves.
10.Leaves have adaptations such as broad or narrow widths, rounded or pointy tips, and straight versus many vertices. These adaptations allow different species of plants to optimize water retention and photosynthesis in different climates (in other words, cloudy, sunny, rainy, dry).
11.Plants can show many different deficiencies based on their nutrients. An iron deficiency will result in yellowing or brittle leaves. A potassium deficiency causes leaves to turn yellow at the edges and phosphate deficiencies cause plants to have darker green than normal leaves.
Explanation: penn foster :)
How did Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase's experiments using radioactive
labeling support Avery's findings?
A. They showed that proteins carry genetic material.
B. They showed that the material that carries genetic information is
DNA.
C. They showed that traits are coded for by RNA.
D. They showed that carbohydrates carry the code for inherited traits.
Answer:C
Explanation:
Answer:
They showed that the material that carries genetic information is DNA
Explanation:
Geneticists are currently working to alter some strains of streptomyces so they no longer produce geosmin. It is a highly coveted discovery for factors that manufacture antibiotics from streptomyces. How will this discovery help those companies?
The discovery of altering some strains of streptomyces so they no longer produce geosmin will benefit companies that manufacture antibiotics from this bacteria.
Geosmin is a compound that gives soil its characteristic earthy smell and taste, but it can also give antibiotics an unpleasant taste and odor.
By removing geosmin from the production process, the antibiotics will be more palatable and easier to administer to patients. This could lead to increased sales and better patient compliance with antibiotic regimens.
Additionally, geneticists may be able to use this knowledge to develop new strains of streptomyces that produce even more effective antibiotics without the unwanted side effect of geosmin.
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a late nineteenth century technique to treat trigeminal neuralgia was to inject alcohol into the trigeminal ganglion, which destroys all of the sensory fibers in the ganglion. once the procedure was successfully implemented, the patient would:
This would result in an alleviation of their symptoms, such as severe facial pain, numbness, and paralysis.
The late nineteenth-century technique to treat trigeminal neuralgia was to inject alcohol into the trigeminal ganglion, which would destroy all of the sensory fibers in the ganglion. Once the procedure was successfully implemented, the patient would experience a complete loss of sensation in the trigeminal nerve.
Trigeminal neuralgia is an excruciating condition of the face. In this condition, the trigeminal nerve, which is responsible for sensory nerve function in the face, becomes inflamed. Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by a severe and sharp pain in the face, which can be triggered by routine activities like speaking, brushing the teeth, or eating.
The trigeminal ganglion is a collection of nerve cell bodies that sense pain, temperature, touch, and pressure in the face's skin and mucous membranes.
As a result, injecting alcohol into the trigeminal ganglion would destroy all of the sensory fibers in the ganglion, resulting in numbness and pain relief. Therefore, the pain is likely to have been relieved at least temporarily after alcohol was injected into the trigeminal ganglion.
Therefore, the answer is: "The pain is likely to have been relieved at least temporarily after alcohol was injected into the trigeminal ganglion."
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An organism is found that has the following traits:
• Produces seeds
• Has a vascular system
• Multicellular
What kingdom does this organism most likely belong in?
O A. Fungi
• B. Plantae
• C. Animalia
• D. Protista
Answer: The Organism that produces seeds, has a vascular system and a multicellular belongs to kingdom of Plantae. Hence option B is the correct answer.
Explanation:
The Plantae kingdom consists of multicellular eukaryotic creatures such as mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants. They are autotrophic, which means that they generate their own food via photosynthesis. A cellulose cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a big central vacuole for storage are all features of plant cells.
Plants can reproduce sexually or asexually, and their life cycles alternate between haploid and diploid stages. They can react to external stimuli such as light and gravity, and they can adapt to their surroundings through processes such as growth and development.
Plants are also essential given that they produce oxygen and sequester carbon.
Why do we need to have a system of classification? What are characteristics that scientists look for when classifying organisms, and what does this information tell us about these organisms' histories?
The classification system delivers a great value of knowledge about the features of organisms. This knowledge separates the different species of organisms.
The classification system is a hierarchical method that groups organisms related to their characteristics like physical characteristics, genetic makeup, and evolutionary connections. Each organism has a special scientific name that combines genus and species names. This system of scientific terms is known as binomial terminology.
Scientists categorize organisms according to their evolutionary past and how connected to each other. All organisms can be categorized into three domains known Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. This information can be used for all living organisms.
As the forensic scientist on a poisoning case, Aaliya is conducting a color test on a sample from the victim. The victim was reportedly suffering from
headaches and nausea before a respiratory failure occurred. Which poison is Aaliya MOST likely testing for?
O A. arsenic
OB. cyanide
OC. strychnine
O D. ricin
Explanation:
Based on the symptoms mentioned, the poison that Aaliya is most likely testing for is B. cyanide. Cyanide poisoning can cause headache, nausea, and respiratory failure, which are the symptoms the victim reportedly experienced. Arsenic and strychnine poisoning can also cause headaches and nausea, but respiratory failure is not a common symptom. Ricin poisoning can cause respiratory symptoms, but it does not typically cause headaches and nausea.
Based on the following phylogenetic tree, is the sun bear more closely related to the sloth bear or to the brown bear? explain your reasoning sloth bear sun bear american black bear asiatic black bear polar bear brown bear
The sun bear is not the same species as the sloth bear. In particular, sloth bears are members of the Melursus ursinus species, and because of their protruding lips, they are also known as labiated bears.
Which bear is the sun bear's closest relative?Sun and sloth bears group with the Asiatic black bear in the species tree based on coalescence, and the American black bear groups with polar and brown bears.
What distinguishes a bear from a sloth bear?The top two front teeth (incisors) of adult sloth bears are absent, allowing them to easily suck up termites and other insects. Their premolars and molars are smaller than those of other bears due to their diet of insects and fruit, but they have robust canines to help them bite prey.
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Explain where the moon should be in comparison to the Earth and Sun for each of the phases.
New Moon:
Between the sun and the earth
Crescent Moon:
Quarter Moon:
Gibbous Moon:
Full Moon:
hope this helps
I add a song too.
How a drop of blood would travel through the vessels
Answer:
Blood comes into the right atrium from the body, moves into the right ventricle and is pushed into the pulmonary arteries in the lungs. After picking up oxygen, the blood travels back to the heart through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium, to the left ventricle and out to the body's tissues through the aorta.
A woman who has the blood type A positive has a daughter who is type O positive and a son who is type B negative. Rh positive is a trait that shows simple dominance over Rh negative and is designated by the alleles R and r, respectively. A third gene for the MN blood group has codominant alleles M and N. Which of the following is a possible genotype for the mother?
IAi
IAIB
IAIA
IBIB
ii
Answer:
IAi
If the son has o blood then
Mother and FATHER must have an o allele. Then we know that the mom has A blood, so the father probably has B bloodI hope this helps
1) A child having a tantrum in a department store screams louder the more upset his parent gets. This is example of:
A)Negative Feedback
B)Positive Feedback
C)Survival of the fittest
D)Dynamic equilibrium
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
I think this is negative feedback because it says that the child continues to scream yet also screams louder the more that the parents seem to be upset with them screaming and the child’s tantrum.
If lots of solid wastes are thrown away in the plastic all around the place where you stay what can you do to change people's behaviour why such an action is necessary
Explanation:
you start by being the change , you can provide waste bins if they're lacking, maybe address them in a friendly way a little talk or walk won't break a leg
lastly don't act mad at them cos of the wastes around
6-2 assume that the disease illustrated with the following pedigree is due to the phenotypic manifestation of a rare recessive allele of an autosomal gene that is paternally imprinted. a. what would you predict is the genotype of i-1?
Based on the pedigree, we can predict that i-1 has a genotype of heterozygous (i.e., the rare recessive allele is present in one of the homologous chromosomes).
Given that the disease shown in the pedigree is due to the phenotypic expression of a rare recessive allele of an autosomal gene that is paternally imprinted. Thus, i-1 may be a carrier of the disease since he does not express the phenotype associated with the disease. Therefore, the genotype of i-1 should be h/H, where h is the recessive allele and H is the dominant allele.
Imprint refers to the pattern of gene expression in which an allele is expressed or silenced based on its parent of origin. Imprinting is often associated with a single, differentially methylated CpG site in the promoter or near the promoter of the imprinted gene. Imprinting can occur in both males and females and applies to both autosomes and sex chromosomes.
However assuming the disease illustrated with the following pedigree is due to the phenotypic manifestation of a rare recessive allele of an autosomal gene that is paternally imprinted.
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Submit your 750-word biography of a leading individual in the Industrial Revolution.
Industrial Revolution Biography
George Washington gave the Continental Army instructions during the American Revolution War (1775–1783).Following to stepping in as the nation's leader (1789 to 1797), he rapidly was liable for another army in 1798.Prior to the Revolutionary War, he participated inside the Virginia Volunteer Military & engaged in combat with the British forces, gaining military command and strategy.
The Industrial Revolution was being led by who?Many of the technical and architectural improvements that characterized the Industrial Revolution were developed in Britain, where the movement got its start.By the middle of the seventeenth century, She was the most prosperous country in the world, ruling a vast trading empire that included colonies in the Americas and the Caribbean.
Who were the major figures in industry?By today's standards, the wealth of John D. Rockefeller, Lucius Vanderbilt, Henry General motors, and Andrew Carnegie will be measured inside the hundreds of trillions of dollars, far surpassing that of tech titans like Elon, Bill Gates, Zuckerberg, and even Bezos, the world's richest person as of 2019.
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What two properties of smooth muscle were measured using electrodes and a transducer during the experiments described in the tutorial? muscle membrane action potential and force of contraction muscle neurotransmitter activity and rate of contraction muscle calcium ion potential and strength of contraction muscle actin and myosin binding activity and duration of contraction?
The two properties of smooth muscle that were measured using electrodes and a transducer during the experiments described in the tutorial were the muscle membrane action potential and the force of contraction.
The membrane action potential was measured using intracellular electrodes, which were inserted into the smooth muscle cells. The electrodes detected the changes in the electrical potential across the cell membrane during the contraction cycle. This allowed the researchers to study the ion channels responsible for generating and propagating the action potential.
The force of contraction was measured using a transducer, which was attached to the muscle tissue. The transducer detected the changes in the length of the muscle and the amount of force produced during the contraction cycle. This allowed the researchers to study the mechanical properties of the muscle and the mechanisms that control the strength of contraction.
Overall, the combination of these two measurements allowed the researchers to gain a better understanding of the complex processes that regulate smooth muscle contraction and to identify potential targets for pharmacological intervention.
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A 1 mL volume of master mix with a 10M concentration of substrate has been prepared in order to run an enzyme kinetics assay. The required concentrations for the assay are 5M,1M,0.5M and 0.25M. The concentrations are to be prepared using the master mix and protein-free sterile water. What volume of master mix should be used to make 100 ul of the 0.5M concentration? a. 0.5ul b. 500ul c. 5 ul d. 50ul
The volume of the master mix of enzyme required to make 100 ul of a 0.5M concentration solution is 5 ul.
How can you determine an enzyme's concentration?A simple time-course experiment paired with enzyme titrations can be used to find the ideal enzyme concentration and assay timing. The linear phase of the reaction should be used to evaluate HAT activity in a perfect assay.
To calculate the volume of master mix required to make 100 ul of a 0.5M concentration solution, we can use the dilution formula: C1V1 = C2V2
Substituting the given values, we get:
10M x V1 = 0.5M x 100 ul
V1 = (0.5M x 100 ul) / 10M
V1 = 5 ul
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Taking CO2 and turning it into C6H12O6 is what type of chemical reaction (catabolic/anabolic, endergonic/exergonic). Justify your answer.
In contrast, catabolic reactions break down complex molecules into simpler ones, and are generally exergonic, meaning they release energy. For example, when glucose is broken down through cellular respiration
Briefly defined, what is cellular respiration?Through the process of cellular respiration, which involves combining oxygen with food molecules, organisms direct the chemical energy contained in these substances toward life-sustaining processes while excreting carbon dioxide and water as waste, they are able to maintain their own existence.
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?In order to release energy in the form of ATP, sugar must be broken down in the presence of oxygen within the mitochondria of organisms (both animals and plants). This process is known as cellular respiration. As waste products, this process emits water and carbon dioxide.
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Pls help. I need answers for my Evolution crossword puzzle. What are the words to the definitions?
Evolution scientific theory explaining how new species and varieties originate. The process by which new species or populations of living organisms develop from preexisting ones over repeated generations.
3 terms that best describe evolution?Three words—change over time—are all it takes to sum up evolution. The diversity we witness now is the product of the lengthy history of change that life has undergone.
What are the five evolutionary lines?There are visible results of evolution. The fossil record, biogeography, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, and molecular biology are the five sources of evidence that support evolution. Evolution is the process by which a population of organisms changes as new generations replace ancestors.
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Identify the stages of mitosis
The stages of mitosis described are as follows:
Prophase MetaphaseAnaphaseTelophaseWhat are the stages of mitosis?The events described refer to the different stages of mitosis, which is the process by which a eukaryotic cell divides its nucleus and genetic material to produce two identical daughter cells.
The events occur in the following stages of mitosis:
The DNA molecules are progressively shortened and condensed by coiling, to form visible chromosomes during the prophase stage of mitosis.
The chromosomes move and line up down the middle of the cell during the metaphase stage of mitosis. This alignment of chromosomes is known as the metaphase plate.
The chromosome pairs split and separate during the anaphase stage of mitosis. The sister chromatids, which make up each chromosome, are pulled apart by spindle fibers and move toward opposite poles of the cell.
The chromosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell during the telophase stage of mitosis. The nuclear membrane reforms around each set of chromosomes to form two separate nuclei. Finally, the chromosomes uncoil and return to their less-condensed state, completing the process of mitosis.
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6
Which process takes place in both plants and animals?
A Xylem and Phloem
B) Cellular Respiration
C) Photosynthesis
D) Transpiration
Answer:
Cellular Respiration
Explanation:
Because yes
Please answer the question in the image.
Answer:a
Explanation:
Waves ___ with one another when they travel in close proximity to one another
Waves interact with one another in a variety of ways when they travel in close proximity to each other.
One of the most common types of wave interaction is interference, where two waves combine to form a new wave pattern. When waves interfere constructively, their amplitudes add together, creating a larger wave. Conversely, when waves interfere destructively, their amplitudes cancel out, creating a smaller wave. Waves can also diffract or bend around obstacles, refract or change direction when they pass through a medium with a different density or speed, and reflect off surfaces. The precise way in which waves interact with one another depends on a variety of factors, including the type of wave, the frequency, and the angle of incidence.
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Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. an ecosystem now receives far less rain than it used to. the weather also became drier and hotter. over time, plants with structures that helped them to conserve water became more prevalent than plants that didn’t have those structures. from this information, we can conclude that the plants developed because of .
The plants developed structures that helped them conserve water due to natural selection, specifically the process of adaptation. Here option A is the correct answer.
Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution that occurs when organisms with certain advantageous traits survive and reproduce better than others in their environment, leading to the gradual emergence of new traits in a population over time.
The reduction in rainfall, combined with drier and hotter weather, created a selective pressure that favored plants with structures that helped them conserve water.
Over time, these plants became more prevalent in the ecosystem because they were better adapted to the changing environmental conditions. This is an example of adaptation through natural selection, where the traits that confer a survival advantage become more common in the population over generations.
Complete question:
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. an ecosystem now receives far less rain than it used to. the weather also became drier and hotter. over time, plants with structures that helped them to conserve water became more prevalent than plants that didn’t have those structures. from this information, we can conclude that the plants developed because of .
A - Natural selection
B - Genetic drift
C - Gene flow
D - Mutation
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Most of the mass of organic material of a plant comes from
A. water
B. carbon dioxide
C. soil minerals
D. atmospheric oxygen
E. nitrogen
Also, explanations for answers on why it's correct/incorrect please
Answer:
B. Carbon dioxide is the primary source of organic material in plants.
Plants are autotrophs, which means they produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants use energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into organic molecules like glucose, which they use as a source of energy and building material. Oxygen (O2) is also produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis.
While water and soil minerals are important for plant growth and development, they do not contribute significantly to the organic mass of the plant. Nitrogen is also important for plant growth and is a component of many organic molecules, but it is not the primary source of organic material in plants.
Therefore, the correct answer is B. Carbon dioxide, which is converted into organic material during photosynthesis, is the main source of the plant's organic mass.
Answer: B, carbon dioxide
Explanation:
the mass is primarily carbon because the carbon comes from the carbon dioxide used during photosynthesis. during photosynthesis, plants will convert the sun's energy into a chemical captured within the bonds of carbon molecules created from carbon dioxide and water. The Caborn ends up in the plant's food as well