ti1ere are fewer benefits from budgeting in companies with uncertain or complicated environments.The given statement is true.
It is true that companies with uncertain or complicated environments may experience fewer benefits from budgeting. The reason for this is that budgeting is a process that involves forecasting future revenues and expenses based on historical data and assumptions about the future.
In uncertain or complicated environments, it can be challenging to accurately predict future events and outcomes, making it difficult to create a budget that is reliable.
For example, a company operating in a rapidly changing industry or facing unpredictable market conditions may find it challenging to create a budget that accurately reflects the current business environment. In such cases, the budget may become outdated very quickly, and the company may need to revise it frequently to keep up with changing circumstances.
Moreover, companies operating in complicated environments may face unexpected costs or revenue fluctuations that are difficult to account for in a budget. As a result, they may find it hard to accurately forecast future performance, making it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of their budgeting process.
In conclusion, while budgeting can be a useful tool for managing finances and resources in companies, it may not always provide the same level of benefits in uncertain or complicated environments. Companies operating in such environments should carefully consider their budgeting process and adjust it as needed to account for the unique challenges they face.
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Pina Colada Corp. has assets of $4471000, common stock of $1089000, and retained earnings of $600000. What are the creditors' claims on their assets? a. $4966000b. $4112000 c. $2782000 d. $2096000
The creditors' claims on Pina Colada Corp.'s assets are $2,782,000.
In order to calculate the creditors' claims on assets, we would need to know the total liabilities of the company. The formula for calculating creditors' claims is:
Total Assets = Common Stock + Retained Earnings + Creditors' Claims
In this case, we have:
$4,471,000 (Total Assets) = $1,089,000 (Common Stock) + $600,000 (Retained Earnings) + Creditors' Claims
To find the creditors' claims, we will rearrange the equation:
Creditors' Claims = Total Assets - Common Stock - Retained Earnings
Creditors' Claims = $4,471,000 - $1,089,000 - $600,000 = $2,782,000
So, the correct answer is (c) $2,782,000.
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account title debit credit cost of goods sold 6,000 merchandise inventory 6,000 what is the effect of this entry on the company’s financial statements?
Inventory decreases by $6,000, and cost of goods sold increases by $6,000.
What is the journal entry?The effect of this entry on the company's financial statements would be a decrease in the balance of the merchandise inventory account by $6,000 and an increase in the cost of goods sold account by $6,000.
This entry represents the cost of the merchandise that was sold during the period, which is recognized as an expense in the income statement. The cost of goods sold is subtracted from the revenue earned from the sale of merchandise to determine the gross profit of the company.
On the other hand, the decrease in the balance of the merchandise inventory account represents the cost of goods that were sold during the period and is reported as a current asset on the company's balance sheet.
Therefore, this entry would have the following effects on the financial statements:
Income statement:An increase in the cost of goods sold account by $6,000, which would decrease the gross profit of the company.
Balance sheet:A decrease in the merchandise inventory account by $6,000, which would decrease the current assets of the company.
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Consider a project of the Pearson Company. The timing and size of the incremental after tax cash flows for an all-equity firm are $-1000, $305, $610, $555, $500 from year 0 to respectively. 4 The unlevered cost of equity is 38%.
- The firm finances the project with $24000 debt at 11% with $100 after-tax flotation costs.
Principal is repaid at $3000 per year with added interest. Pearson's tax rate is 60%.
The net present value of the project under leverage? Now, Should this project be accepted?
To calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project under leverage, we need to discount the incremental after-tax cash flows at the appropriate cost of capital. Let's calculate the NPV step by step:
Calculate the levered cost of equity:Levered Cost of Equity = Unlevered Cost of Equity * (1 + (1 - Tax Rate) * (Debt / Equity))
Levered Cost of Equity = 0.38 * (1 + (1 - 0.6) * (24000 / 1000))
Levered Cost of Equity = 0.38 * (1 + 0.4 * 24)
Levered Cost of Equity = 0.38 * (1 + 9.6)
Levered Cost of Equity = 0.38 * 10.6
Levered Cost of Equity = 4.028
Calculate the present value of the incremental after-tax cash flows:PV = (Cash Flow / (1 + Levered Cost of Equity))^Period
PV of Year 0 Cash Flow = (-1000 / (1 + 4.028))^0
PV of Year 0 Cash Flow = -1000
PV of Year 1 Cash Flow = (305 / (1 + 4.028))^1
PV of Year 1 Cash Flow = 293.563
PV of Year 2 Cash Flow = (610 / (1 + 4.028))^2
PV of Year 2 Cash Flow = 532.826
PV of Year 3 Cash Flow = (555 / (1 + 4.028))^3
PV of Year 3 Cash Flow = 444.313
PV of Year 4 Cash Flow = (500 / (1 + 4.028))^4
PV of Year 4 Cash Flow = 369.258
Calculate the present value of the interest tax shield (debt):PV of Interest Tax Shield = (Interest * Tax Rate) * ((1 - (1 / (1 + Interest)^Period)) / (1 - (1 / (1 + Interest))))
PV of Interest Tax Shield = (24000 * 0.11) * ((1 - (1 / (1 + 0.11)^4)) / (1 - (1 / (1 + 0.11))))
PV of Interest Tax Shield = 2640 * ((1 - (1 / 1.4641)) / (1 - 0.8227))
PV of Interest Tax Shield = 2640 * (0.3173 / 0.1773)
PV of Interest Tax Shield = 4728.614
Calculate the total present value of the cash flows:Total PV of Cash Flows = PV of Year 0 Cash Flow + PV of Year 1 Cash Flow + PV of Year 2 Cash Flow + PV of Year 3 Cash Flow + PV of Year 4 Cash Flow + PV of Interest Tax Shield
Total PV of Cash Flows = -1000 + 293.563 + 532.826 + 444.313 + 369.258 + 4728.614
Total PV of Cash Flows = 5369.574
Calculate the NPV:NPV = Total PV of Cash Flows - Initial Investment
NPV = 5369.574 - 1000
NPV = 4369.574
The NPV of the project under leverage is $4,369.574. Since the NPV is positive, the project should be accepted.
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Atlanta Company has established a target rate of return of 16% for all divisions. For the most recent year, San Marcos Division generated sales of $10,000,000 and expenses of $7,500,000. Total assets at the beginning of the year were $5,000,000 and total assets at the end of the year were $7,000,000.Refer to Atlanta Company. In the most recent year, what was San Marcos Division's residual income?
San Marcos Division's residual income for the most recent year was $2,180,000.
To calculate the San Marcos Division's residual income, we first need to calculate its operating income. Operating income is calculated by subtracting expenses from sales, which gives us $2,500,000 ($10,000,000 - $7,500,000).
Next, we need to calculate the division's invested capital. Invested capital is calculated by subtracting total assets at the beginning of the year from total assets at the end of the year, which gives us $2,000,000 ($7,000,000 - $5,000,000). Now, we can calculate the San Marcos Division's residual income. Residual income is calculated by subtracting the division's required rate of return from its operating income, and then multiplying that difference by its invested capital. The required rate of return for all divisions is 16%, which is the same as the target rate of return. So, we can calculate the residual income as follows:
Residual income = ($2,500,000 - (0.16 x $2,000,000))
Residual income = $2,500,000 - $320,000
Residual income = $2,180,000
Residual income is a financial performance metric that measures the profitability of an organization's assets. It is a measure of how much money an organization has earned above and beyond its minimum required rate of return. This is important because it helps an organization understand whether its divisions are performing at a level that justifies their investment. In this case, the Atlanta Company has set a target rate of return of 16% for all divisions. The San Marcos Division generated sales of $10,000,000 and expenses of $7,500,000 in the most recent year. The division had total assets of $5,000,000 at the beginning of the year and $7,000,000 at the end of the year.
Using the formula for residual income, we calculated the San Marcos Division's residual income to be $2,180,000. This means that the division generated $2,180,000 in income above and beyond the 16% target rate of return.
This information is important for the Atlanta Company because it helps them determine whether they are investing in the right areas. If a division's residual income is consistently below the target rate of return, it may be an indication that the division is not performing as well as it should be. In contrast, if a division's residual income consistently exceeds the target rate of return, it may be an indication that the division is performing very well and may be a good area for the company to invest in further.
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A stock index is currently trading at 50. Paul Tripp. CFA, wants to value 2-year index options using the binomial model. The stock will either increase in value by 20% or fall in value by 20%. The annual risk-free interest rate is 6%. No dividends are paid on any of the underlying securities in the index 1) Construct a two-period binomial tree for the value of the stock index. 2) Calculate the value of a European call option on the index with an exercise price of 60. 3) Calculate the value of a European put option on the index with an exercise price of 60. 4) Calculate the intrinsic value and time value of the European put option on the index with an exercise price of 60. 5) Confirm that your solutions for the values of the call and the put satisfy put-call parity. 6) If the stock index is paying dividend, how would it affect the about put-call parity? (construct portfolios to show arbitrage opportunities)
The magnitude of the arbitrage opportunity would depend on the dividend yield and the volatility of the stock index.
What is the stock index trading at currently?To construct a two-period binomial tree for the value of the stock index, we start with the current index price of 50 and then consider two possible outcomes after each period, either an increase of 20% to 60 or a decrease of 20% to 40.Using the binomial tree, we can calculate the value of a European call option with an exercise price of 60 to be 2.43.Similarly, the value of a European put option with an exercise price of 60 can be calculated to be 10.75.The intrinsic value of the put option is the maximum of the exercise price minus the stock price or zero, which is 0 in this case. The time value is the difference between the put option price and the intrinsic value, which is 10.75.Put-call parity states that the value of a European call option minus the value of a European put option with the same exercise price and expiration date is equal to the difference between the current stock price and the exercise price, discounted at the risk-free rate.In this case, the put-call parity equation is satisfied, as (2.43 - 10.75) = -(60-50)*e^(-0.06*2), which is approximately -9.32.
If the stock index is paying a dividend, it would affect the put-call parity as the value of the put option would be adjusted downward by the present value of the expected dividend payments over the life of the option.This could create an arbitrage opportunity for traders to exploit by constructing a portfolio of long call options, short put options, and short stock positions to earn a riskless profit.The magnitude of the arbitrage opportunity would depend on the dividend yield and the volatility of the stock index.
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credit card balances are group of answer choices a. part of m1. b. part of m2. c. part of m3. d. not part of the money supply.
Credit card balances are not considered a part of the money supply. The correct option is d) not part of the money supply
The money supply is defined as the total amount of money that is available in the economy for spending, and it is divided into different categories depending on the level of liquidity or ease of access to the funds. The most commonly used classification system is the M1, M2, and M3 system.
M1 includes currency, coins, and demand deposits (checking accounts) held by individuals and businesses. M2 includes M1 plus savings deposits, time deposits, and money market funds. M3 includes M2 plus large-denomination time deposits, repurchase agreements, and institutional money market funds.
Credit card balances do not fall into any of these categories. They are liabilities that individuals owe to credit card companies, and they do not represent actual cash or funds that can be used for spending. While credit card balances can be used to make purchases, they are not a part of the money supply because they do not represent a direct claim on any assets or resources.
In summary, credit card balances are not a part of the money supply because they are not a form of money or currency. They are liabilities that individuals owe to credit card companies and do not represent actual funds that can be used for spending or investment purposes.
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true/false. Only about 50 percent of corporate venturing efforts reach profitability within six years of their launch.
Answer:
TRUE. Only about 50% of corporate venturing efforts reach profitability within 6 yrs of their launch
In her essay, Exploring the Managed Heart, Arlie Hochschild compares the flight attendant to the child laborer because: a) She works long, hard hours, like the child. b) She is expected to smile all day, and so is the child. c) Her work is boring like the child's factory job. d) She is poorly paid, like the child. e) Her emotions are being used, like the child's body
In her essay, Exploring the Managed Heart, Arlie Hochschild compares the flight attendant to child labour because both are expected to suppress their true emotions and present a façade to the public.
The flight attendant's job is to make the passengers feel comfortable and safe, which often means putting on a smile even when dealing with difficult customers or stressful situations. Similarly, child labourers in factories were often expected to appear cheerful and productive, even though they were working long hours in difficult conditions.
Both the flight attendant and the child labourer are also poorly compensated for their work. The flight attendant may have to work long hours, deal with difficult passengers, and constantly smile, but she is not paid enough to compensate for these demands. Similarly, child labourers were often paid very little for their work, even though they were working in dangerous conditions and often suffered from health problems as a result.
Finally, both the flight attendant and the child labourer are being exploited in different ways. The flight attendant's emotions are being used to make the airline look good and keep the passengers happy, while the child labourer's body is being used to produce goods for the factory owner. Both are expected to give up a part of themselves in order to meet the demands of their employers.
Overall, Arlie Hochschild's comparison of the flight attendant and the child labourer highlights the ways in which emotional labour and physical labour can be similar in their demands, compensation, and their exploitation.
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question content area if the cost of an item of inventory is $54 and the current replacement cost is $67, the amount included in inventory according to the lower of cost or market is
Since the original cost is lower than the replacement cost, the inventory should be valued at $54 according to the lower of cost or market rule.
Based on the terms provided, I'll answer your question:
When determining the value of inventory, the lower of cost or market (LCM) rule is applied.
This rule states that inventory should be valued at the lesser of its original cost or current market replacement cost.
In this scenario, the original cost of the item is $54 and the current replacement cost is $67.
Applying the LCM rule, we compare the original cost ($54) and the replacement cost ($67).
Since the original cost is lower than the replacement cost, the inventory should be valued at $54 according to the lower of cost or market rule.
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At December 31, 2016, Vanderpool's price-earnings ratio was 14.6. For 2016, Vanderpool's net income was $1,320,000, its earnings per share was $14.00, and its annual dividend per share was $8.00 What was the per share market price of Vanderpool's stock at December 31, 2016? A. $132.80 B. $116.80 C.$165.60 D. $204.40 QUESTION 18 Beltower. Inc. has net income for 2016 of $370.000. At January 1, 2016、the company had outstanding 54,000 shares of S50 par value common stock and 10.000 shares of 6%, $100 par value cumulative preferred stock. On September 1, 2016, an additional 18,000 shares of common stock were issued. What is the earnings per share for 2016 (to the nearest cent)? A. $4.44 B. $6.17 C. $5.17 D. $4.31
Plugging in the given values, we get: Market price per share = 14.6 * $14.00 = $204.40. Therefore, the answer is D. $204.40.
For the first question, we can use the formula for price-earnings ratio: P/E ratio = Market price per share / Earnings per share. Rearranging the formula, we can solve for the market price per share: Market price per share = P/E ratio * Earnings per share.For the second question, we need to calculate the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the year. Since the additional 18,000 shares were issued on September 1, we need to prorate the number of shares outstanding for the year. The weighted average number of common shares outstanding is: (54,000 * 12) + (18,000 * 4) = 720,000. Now we can calculate the earnings per share: EPS = (Net income - Preferred dividends) / Weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Since the preferred stock is cumulative, we need to calculate the amount of preferred dividends for the year. The preferred dividend is: 10,000 * $100 * 6% = $60,000. Therefore, the earnings available to common shareholders is: $370,000 - $60,000 = $310,000.
Now we can calculate the earnings per share: EPS = $310,000 / 720,000 = $0.431 (rounded to the nearest cent). Therefore, the answer is D. $4.31.
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Duerr Company makes a $60,000, 60-day, 12% cash loan to Ryan Co. The note and interest to be collected at maturity is: (Use 360 days a year.)
A) $67,200. B) $60,000. C) $1,200. D) $58,800. E) $61,200.
The Duerr Company makes a $60,000, 60-day, 12% cash loan to Ryan Co. To calculate the interest and total amount to be collected at maturity, use the following formula:
Interest = Principal x Rate x Time
In this case, the principal is $60,000, the rate is 12% (0.12), and the time is 60/360 (since it's a 60-day loan and we're using a 360-day year).
Interest = $60,000 x 0.12 x (60/360) = $1,200
Now, to find the total amount to be collected at maturity, add the interest to the principal:
Total = Principal + Interest = $60,000 + $1,200 = $61,200
So, the correct answer is E) $61,200.
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Barnes and Miller Manufacturing is trying to determine the equivalent units of production for conversion costs with 10,000 units of ending work in process inventory at 80% completion and 22,000 completed units that were transferred to Finished Goods Inventory. There were no beginning units in the production department. Conversion costs are incurred evenly throughout the production process. What are the equivalent units of production for conversion costs for the current period
The equivalent units of production for conversion costs for the current period are 32,000 units.
To calculate the equivalent units of production for conversion costs, we consider the units that are partially completed.
In this case, we have 10,000 units of ending work in process inventory at 80% completion, which is equivalent to 8,000 units (10,000 units x 80%). Additionally, we have 22,000 completed units that were transferred to Finished Goods Inventory, which are fully completed and count as 22,000 units. Therefore, the total equivalent units of production for conversion costs would be 8,000 units + 22,000 units, which equals 32,000 units.
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The accountant for a subunit of Mountain Sports Company went on vacation before completing the subunit's monthly responsibility report. This is as far as she got: EEB (Click the icon to view the responsibility report.) Read the requirements Requirement 1. Complete the responsibility report for this subunit. Mountain-Subunit X Revenue by Product Downhill-FI Downhill-RII Cross-EXI Cross-EXI Snow-LXI Total Actual Flexible Budget Flexible Sales Volume Static Results Variance Budget Variance Budget $ 16,000F 303,000 148,000 303,000 269,500 402,000 $ 1,425,500 $ 327,000 156,000 286,000 257,000 426,000 167,000 288,000 252,000 2,000 U 17,500 U 3,000 1,452,000 Requirement 2. Based on the data presented what type of responsibility center is this subunit?
Requirement 1- A favorable sales volume variance indicates that the subunit sold more products than expected, while an unfavorable variance indicates that the subunit sold fewer products than expected.
Requirement 2- The responsibility report shows the revenue earned by the subunit and the variances between the actual revenue and the budgeted revenue. Profit centers are responsible for both revenues and costs and are evaluated based on their profitability.
Requirement 1: The flexible budget column shows the revenue that should have been earned based on the flexible budget for the period. The static budget column shows the revenue that was planned to be earned in the period, and the variance columns show the differences between the actual revenue and the two types of budgeted revenue.
The flexible budgeted price is the budgeted revenue per unit of product, assuming the subunit achieves the budgeted sales volume. A favorable flexible budget variance indicates that the subunit earned more revenue than expected, while an unfavorable variance indicates that the subunit earned less revenue than expected.
The completed responsibility report is shown in the table below:
Mountain-Subunit X Responsibility Report
Revenue by Product Downhill-FI Downhill-RII Cross-EXI Cross-EXI Snow-LXI Total Actual $16,000F $303,000 $148,000 $303,000 $269,500 $1,040,500 Flexible Budget $17,000F $329,250 $154,000 $295,500 $263,250 $1,058,000 Flexible Sales Volume $1,000U $26,250 $6,000U $7,500F $6,250F $37,000 Static Budget $17,000F $327,000 $156,000 $286,000 $257,000 $1,043,000 Variance Budget $1,000U $3,000U $2,000F $17,500U $3,000U $20,500U
Requirement 2: The responsibility report shows the revenue earned by the subunit and the variances between the actual revenue and the budgeted revenue. Profit centers are responsible for both revenues and costs and are evaluated based on their profitability.
This control over pricing and volume is a characteristic of profit centers. Furthermore, the report does not show any information about costs, which would be expected in a profit center. Therefore, based on the information provided, we can conclude that this subunit is a profit center.
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23. The Tree House has a pretax cost of debt of 6.3 percent and a return on assets of 10.8 percent. The debt–equity ratio is .41. Ignore taxes. What is the cost of equity?
25. Cross Town Cookies is an all-equity firm with a total market value of $735,000. The firm has 46,000 shares of stock outstanding. Management is considering issuing $170,000 of debt at an interest rate of 8 percent and using the proceeds to repurchase shares. Before the debt issue, EBIT will be $65,600. What is the EBIT if the debt is issued? Ignore taxes.
23. The cost of equity for The Tree House is 13.62%.
25. If Cross Town Cookies issues debt to repurchase shares, the new EBIT will be $79,160.
23. The cost of equity can be calculated using the formula:
return on assets = (total debt / total assets) * pretax cost of debt + (total equity / total assets) * cost of equity
Plugging in the given values:
10.8% = (0.41) * 6.3% + (1 - 0.41) * cost of equity
Solving for the cost of equity:
cost of equity = (10.8% - (0.41) * 6.3%) / (1 - 0.41) = 13.62%
Therefore, the cost of equity is 13.62%.
25. Before the debt issue, the earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) is given as $65,600. After issuing $170,000 of debt at an interest rate of 8%, the new EBIT can be calculated as follows:
EBIT = $65,600 + $170,000 * (1 - 0.08) = $79,160
Therefore, the new EBIT will be $79,160.
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1. List The names of employees and his/her division who do not work on another division's project (hint: correlated subquery)
2. List the names of projects that Chen and Larry both works on but Larry spent more time on it.
3. List the name of divisions that has at least 2 employees spend more than 30 hours on ‘web development.
You need to use SQL queries with different techniques such as correlated subqueries, self-joins, and GROUP BY queries to filter and aggregate data from your database.
Can you modify the SQL query to include the number of projects each employee is working on in their division?General guidance on how to approach such queries.
To list the names of employees and their divisions who do not work on another division's project, you can use a correlated subquery. The subquery can find all the projects that an employee is working on, and the outer query can filter out the employees who are working on projects from other divisions. Here's an example SQL query:SELECT e.name, e.division
FROM employees e
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
SELECT *
FROM projects p
WHERE p.employee_id = e.id
AND p.division <> e.division
);
To list the names of projects that Chen and Larry both work on but Larry spent more time on it, you can use a self-join query to match the projects they work on, and then compare their time spent on each project. Here's an example SQL query:SELECT p.name
FROM projects p
JOIN projects p2 ON p2.name = p.name
WHERE p.employee_name = 'Chen'
AND p2.employee_name = 'Larry'
AND p2.time_spent > p.time_spent;
To list the names of divisions that have at least two employees spend more than 30 hours on web development, you can use a GROUP BY query to group the employees by division and project, and then filter out the divisions that don't meet the criteria. Here's an example SQL query:SELECT d.name
FROM divisions d
JOIN employees e ON e.division_id = d.id
JOIN projects p ON p.employee_id = e.id
WHERE p.name = 'web development'
GROUP BY d.name, p.name
HAVING COUNT(*) >= 2 AND SUM(p.time_spent) > 30;
You need to use SQL queries with different techniques such as correlated subqueries, self-joins, and GROUP BY queries to filter and aggregate data from your database.
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Patricia Regula, Liliana and Julien form PRLJ, LLC, each owning 25%. PRLJ borrows $200,000 from Barnett Bank in year 1. The Bank concerned about the creditworthiness of the LLC asks Liliana to sign a personal Guaranty for $50.000. In year 4 of the LLC PRL is insolvent and sues the LLC for the unpaid balance of $100,000. Assuming PRL is insolvent and Liliana has significant personal assets: o the Bank is unable to recover the $100.000 from the LLC. It can still proceed against Liliana for $50,000 The Bank can recover $25.000 from each of Patricia, Regula, Liliana and Julien regardless of the Insolvency of PRU The Bank will be unable to collect any of the $100.000 because of the limited flability Shield protection of the LLC The Bank can recover the entire 5100.000 from any one of Patricia Regula Liliana or Julien because they are jointly and severally liable for the debt
In this scenario, the bank can recover $50,000 from Liliana due to her personal guaranty. However, if PRLJ LLC is insolvent, the bank may not be able to recover the remaining $100,000 from the LLC due to the limited liability shield protection.
As for the liability of the owners, Patricia, Regula, Liliana, and Julien, they each own 25% of the LLC and are jointly and severally liable for the debt. This means that the bank can potentially recover the entire $100,000 from any one of them, or $25,000 from each owner.
It's important to note that Liliana's personal assets may be at risk due to her personal guaranty, while the other owners may have some protection due to the LLC's limited liability shield.
Overall, it's important for business owners to understand the potential risks and liabilities associated with borrowing money and operating as an LLC.
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how do you distinguish between the concepts of demand and supply functions in microeconomics and the concepts of ad and as functions in macroeconomics? why are they different?
In microeconomics, demand and supply functions refer to the relationship between the price of a good or service and the quantity that consumers are willing and able to buy, and the quantity that producers are willing and able to sell, respectively.
These functions are used to determine the equilibrium price and quantity of a good or service in a market. In macroeconomics, the concepts of aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) functions refer to the relationship between the overall level of prices and the level of output in the economy.
AD represents the total amount of spending in the economy, while AS represents the total amount of goods and services produced. These functions are used to determine the equilibrium level of output and price level in the overall economy.
The main difference between these concepts is the level of analysis. Demand and supply functions are used to analyze the behavior of individual consumers and producers in a specific market, while AD and AS functions are used to analyze the behavior of the entire economy as a whole.
Additionally, AD and AS functions take into account factors such as inflation, unemployment, and government policies, which are not typically included in demand and supply functions. Another key difference is the nature of the relationship between price and quantity.
In demand and supply functions, there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity, meaning that as price increases, quantity demanded decreases and quantity supplied increases. In AD and AS functions, there is a positive relationship between price and output, meaning that as prices increase, the level of output also increases.
In summary, while demand and supply functions in microeconomics and AD and AS functions in macroeconomics are related concepts, they differ in their level of analysis and the nature of the relationship between price and quantity or output.
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Consider a monopolistically competitive market with N firms. Each firm's business opportunities are described by the following equations:Demand: Q=100/N-PMarginal Revenue: MR=100/N-2QTotal cost: TC=50+Q(squared)Marginal Cost: MC=2Qa. How does N, the number of firms in the market, affect each firms demand curve? Why.b. How many units does each firm produce? (The answer to this and the next two questions depend on N.)c. What price does each firm charge?d. How much profit does each firm make?e. In the long run, how many firms will exist in this market?
(a)This reduces the demand curve slope for each firm because they must lower their prices to compete with other firms in the market.(b)Each firm is produced 100/3N units. (C)Each firm charges a price of 200/3N. (d) Each firm makes a profit of 4.71 (e) There would be 70 firms in the long run.
a. The number of firms N in the market affects each firm's demand curve by determining the overall level of competition in the market. As N increases, the market becomes more competitive, and each firm's market share decreases.
b. To determine how many units each firm produces, we can set marginal revenue equal to marginal cost, i.e., MR=MC. Using the equations given, we get:
100/N-2Q = 2Q
Solving for Q, we get:
Q = 100/3N
Each firm produces Q units, so substituting Q into the above equation, we get:
Each firm produces 100/3N units.
c. To determine the price each firm charges, we can substitute the quantity produced Q into the demand equation, which gives:
Q = 100/N - P
P = 100/N - Q
Substituting Q, we get:
P = 100/N - 100/3N = 200/3NEach firm charges a price of 200/3N.
d. To determine the profit each firm makes, we need to calculate total revenue and total cost. Total revenue is simply the price times the quantity, i.e., TR = P*Q. Total cost is given by the equation TC = 50 + Q². Substituting the values for P and Q from above, we get:
TR = (200/3N)*(100/3N) = 20000/9N²
TC = 50 + (100/3N)² = 5000/9N² + 50
Profit is given by the difference between total revenue and total cost, i.e., Profit = TR - TC. Substituting the values for TR and TC, we get:
Profit = 20000/9N² - 5000/9N² - 50 = 15000/9N² - 50
Each firm makes a profit of 15000/9N² - 50 = N² = 200/9 = 4.71
e. In the long run, new firms can enter the market if there is a positive profit, and existing firms can exit if there is a negative profit. In this case, we can calculate the break-even price, i.e., the price at which the profit is zero:
15000/9N² - 50 = 0
N = √(5000)
This gives us approximately N = 70.7. Since N must be an integer, we can conclude that there will be 70 firms in the long run.
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12. real gdp is nominal gdp a. plus depreciation. b. adjusted for changes in the price level. c. minus depreciation. d. minus taxes.
The answer is, Real GDP is nominal GDP- b. adjusted for changes in the price level.
How to calculate it?To calculate real GDP, you need to follow these steps:
1. Determine the nominal GDP, which is the market value of all final goods and services produced in a country during a specific period, measured in current prices.
2. Determine the price level or GDP deflator, which is an index that measures the average changes in prices of all goods and services included in the economy.
3. Divide the nominal GDP by the GDP deflator and multiply by 100 to obtain the real GDP, which reflects the value of goods and services in constant prices.
In this case, the correct answer is option (b) - adjusted for changes in the price level.
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FILL IN THE BLANK. The ________ rule sequences jobs in decreasing order of the ratio of the job's cost per unit of time in the system to its processing time.weighted shortest processing timefirst-come-first-servedshortest processing timelongest processing time
The weighted shortest processing time rule sequences jobs in decreasing order of the ratio of the job's cost per unit of time in the system to its processing time.
In the weighted shortest processing time rule, jobs are prioritized based on their cost-to-time ratio. This means that jobs with a higher cost per unit of time in the system and shorter processing times will be given higher priority. This rule aims to optimize the utilization of resources by minimizing the cost incurred while maximizing efficiency. By sequencing jobs in this manner, it helps to minimize overall costs and potentially improve throughput.
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8.1 Seattle Health Plans currently uses zero debt financing. Its operating profit is $1 million, and it pays taxes at a 40 percent rate. It has $5 million in assets and, because it is all-equity financed, $5 million in equity. Suppose the firm is considering replacing half of its equity financing with debt financing that bears an interest rate of 8 percent.
a. What impact would the new capital structure have on the firm’s profit, total dollar return to investors, and return on equity?
b. Redo the analysis, but now assume that the debt financing would cost 15 percent.
c. Repeat the analysis required for Part a, but now assume that Seattle Health Plans is a not-for-profit corporation and hence pays no taxes. Compare the results with those obtained in Part a.
I have seen this question being answered over and over however, the answers differ thus I am thrown off on how to actually do the problem.
Seattle Health Plans can increase return on equity by replacing half equity with 8% interest rate debt, but not if debt financing costs 15%. For a not-for-profit corporation, the total dollar return to investors would remain at $1.2 million, and the return on equity would increase to 12%.
a. If Seattle Health Plans replaces half of its equity financing with debt financing that bears an interest rate of 8 percent, the firm's new capital structure would have a significant impact on its profit, total dollar return to investors, and return on equity.
The firm's new capital structure would be 50 percent debt and 50 percent equity. The interest expense associated with the debt financing would be $200,000, and the firm's net income would decrease to $600,000 ($1 million operating profit - $400,000 interest expense - $0 taxes).
The total dollar return to investors would increase to $1.2 million ($600,000 net income + $600,000 return to debt holders) from $1 million when the firm was all-equity financed. The return on equity would also increase to 12 percent ($600,000 net income / $5 million equity) from the previous 10 percent.
b. If the debt financing would cost 15 percent, the interest expense associated with the debt financing would be $375,000, which is higher than the firm's operating profit.
Therefore, Seattle Health Plans should not pursue this financing option, as it would result in a net loss of $275,000 ($1 million operating profit - $375,000 interest expense - $0 taxes).
c. If Seattle Health Plans is a not-for-profit corporation and hence pays no taxes, the interest expense associated with the debt financing would remain at $200,000. The firm's net income would still decrease to $600,000, but the total dollar return to investors would remain at $1.2 million.
However, the return on equity would increase to 12 percent ($600,000 net income / $5 million equity) from the previous 10 percent due to the increase in return to debt holders.
In summary, the impact of changing the capital structure on a firm's financial metrics can be significant. Seattle Health Plans' decision to replace equity financing with debt financing would increase the total dollar return to investors but decrease net income and return on equity.
The cost of debt financing must be carefully considered to ensure that it does not result in a net loss for the firm. In the case of a not-for-profit corporation that pays no taxes, the impact on total dollar return to investors may be the same, but the return on equity would be affected differently due to the lack of taxes.
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What is one thing that Alderfer recognized and changed about Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? a) That recognition and rewards was more important than inclusion. b) That employees need to feel rewarded and have job security. c) That physiological safety is the most important human need. d) That employees can pursue belonging and self-actualization at the same time.
That employees can pursue belonging and self-actualization at the same time is one thing that Alder fer recognized and changed about Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Thus, option (d) is correct.
Maslow's Hierarchy of demands was recognized and revised by Alderfer, who condensed the five levels of demands into three categories: being alive, being connected, and developing.
Individuals can pursue connection and self-actualization simultaneously under Alderfer's ERG theory, which differs from Maslow's theory, which indicates that individuals must satisfy lower-level wants before moving on to higher-level needs.
As a result, the significance of the Alder fer recognized and changed about Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is the aforementioned. Therefore, option (d) is correct.
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The following is a partially completed performance report forSurf SideSurf Side.LOADING...(Click the icon to view the information.)Read the requirementsLOADING....REQUIREMENTS:1. How many pools didSurf SideSurf Sideoriginally think it would install in April?2. How many pools didSurf SideSurf Sideactually install in April?3. How many pools is the flexible budget based on? Why?4. What was the budgeted sales price per pool?5. What was the budgeted variable cost per pool?6. Define the flexible budget variance. What causes it?7. Define the volume variance. What causes it?8. Fill in the missing numbers in the performance report.MORE INFO:
1. Surf Side originally planned to install 50 pools in April. 2. Surf Side actually installed 45 pools in April.
General understanding of the concepts and terms mentioned in the requirements:
The original number of pools that Surf Side initially planned or expected to install in April.
The actual number of pools that Surf Side actually installed in April.
The number of pools that the flexible budget is based on. The flexible budget is designed to adjust to changes in activity levels, and the number of pools is a key factor in determining the budgeted amounts.
The budgeted sales price per pool refers to the planned or estimated price at which Surf Side intended to sell each pool.
The budgeted variable cost per pool represents the estimated cost directly associated with producing or installing each pool.
The flexible budget variance is the difference between the actual results and the flexible budget. It shows the variation in costs or revenues that can be attributed to the difference between the actual activity level and the budgeted activity level.
The volume variance reflects the difference between the flexible budget and the static budget. It indicates the variation in costs or revenues resulting from differences in activity levels.
The missing numbers in the performance report would need to be filled in with the relevant data from the partially completed report.
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For most companies and organizations, integrity and ethics start or fail:in middle management level at the worker level
Integrity and ethics are essential for the success and sustainability of any company or organization. These values should be instilled at all levels of the organization, from top-level executives to the lowest level of workers. However, there is often a debate about where integrity and ethics start or fail in an organization, whether it is at the middle management level or the worker level.
On the one hand, some argue that integrity and ethics start at the middle management level. These individuals are responsible for setting the tone for the entire organization, as they are the ones who communicate the company's values and expectations to their subordinates. They are also the ones who make decisions about hiring, firing, promotions, and performance evaluations, which can influence the behavior of workers. If middle managers lack integrity or ethical principles, this can create a toxic work environment where workers feel undervalued and unappreciated.
In conclusion, integrity and ethics are essential for the success and sustainability of any company or organization. Both middle managers and workers should be responsible for upholding these values, and the company's culture should be based on honesty, fairness, and transparency. By prioritizing integrity and ethics at all levels of the organization, companies and organizations can build trust, improve their reputation, and ultimately achieve their goals.
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How does persistence assist a school leaver to become a successful business owner
Persistence is a key trait that enables individuals to overcome challenges, persevere through setbacks, and stay committed to their goals and aspirations.
Persistence is the ability to continue striving towards goals and objectives despite obstacles, failures, or difficulties. For a school leaver aspiring to become a successful business owner, persistence becomes a valuable asset in several ways.
Firstly, starting and growing a business requires resilience in the face of inevitable challenges. Persistence allows entrepreneurs to navigate obstacles, adapt to changing circumstances, and find creative solutions to problems. It helps them remain focused and determined, even when faced with setbacks or initial failures.
Secondly, building a successful business takes time and effort. It involves long hours, hard work, and the willingness to learn from mistakes. Persistence allows individuals to stay committed to their vision, push through difficult times, and maintain motivation and enthusiasm for their entrepreneurial journey.
Additionally, persistence is essential for continuous learning and improvement. Successful business owners understand that setbacks and failures are part of the process. They use these experiences as learning opportunities, adjust their strategies, and persistently pursue growth and innovation.
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Gunny Grocery Corporation reported the following information in its comparative financial statements for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018: (Click the icon to view the data.) Read the requirements Requirement 1. Compute net profit margin ratio (%) for the years ended January 31, 2018 and 2017. Did it improve or worsen in 2018? percent, X.XX%.) Identify the formula, then calculate profit margin for 2018 and 2017. (Round your answers to the nearest hundredth of Net income Net sales =Net profit margin ratio % 2018 % 2017 i Requirements Data Table 1. Compute net profit margin ratio for the years ended January 31, 2018 and 2017. Did it improve or worsen in 2018? January 31, January 31, 2. Compute asset turnover for the years ended January 31, 2018 and 2017. Did improve or worsen in 2018? 2018 2017 91,000 $ 89,500 Net sales 3. Compute return on assets for the years ended January 31, 2018 and 2017. Did it improve or worsen in 2018? Which component-net profit margin ratio or asset turnover-was mostly responsible for the change in the company's Net earnings 6,370 $ 6,220 ... $ 65,000 $ Average total assets 64,400 return on assets?
The improvement in each ratio was not significant enough to draw any substantial conclusions.
The net profit margin ratio measures the percentage of net income generated from each dollar of net sales. It indicates the company's ability to control its expenses and generate profit from its sales. The formula for calculating the net profit margin ratio is:
Net profit margin ratio = (Net income / Net sales) x 100%
Using the data provided, the net profit margin ratio for Gunny Grocery Corporation for the years ended January 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:
Net profit margin ratio 2018 = ($6,370 / $91,000) x 100% = 7.00%
Net profit margin ratio 2017 = ($6,220 / $89,500) x 100% = 6.95%
The net profit margin ratio improved slightly in 2018, increasing by 0.05%. It suggests that the company's profitability increased as a percentage of sales. However, this increase is not significant enough to draw any substantial conclusions.
The asset turnover ratio measures the company's efficiency in using its assets to generate sales. The formula for calculating the asset turnover ratio is:
Asset turnover = Net sales / Average total assets
Using the data provided, the asset turnover ratio for Gunny Grocery Corporation for the years ended January 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:
Asset turnover 2018 = $91,000 / $65,000 = 1.40
Asset turnover 2017 = $89,500 / $64,400 = 1.39
The asset turnover ratio improved slightly in 2018, increasing by 0.01. It indicates that the company's efficiency in using its assets to generate sales improved marginally.
The return on assets (ROA) measures the company's ability to generate profit from its assets. It is calculated as the product of the net profit margin ratio and the asset turnover ratio. The formula for calculating the ROA is:
ROA = Net profit margin ratio x Asset turnover
Using the data provided, the ROA for Gunny Grocery Corporation for the years ended January 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:
ROA 2018 = 7.00% x 1.40 = 9.80%
ROA 2017 = 6.95% x 1.39 = 9.64%
The ROA improved slightly in 2018, increasing by 0.16%. The improvement in ROA was mainly driven by the improvement in the asset turnover ratio, offset by a small increase in the net profit margin ratio.
In conclusion, Gunny Grocery Corporation's financial performance improved marginally in 2018. The company's net profit margin ratio, asset turnover ratio, and return on assets all improved slightly.
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if a plant asset is sold before it is fully depreciated, only a gain on disposal can occur. only a loss on disposal can occur. either a gain or a loss can occur. neither a gain nor a loss can occur.
if a plant asset is sold before it is fully depreciated either a gain or a loss can occur.
When a plant asset is sold before it is fully depreciated, the amount received from the sale (the selling price) is compared to the asset's carrying amount (the original cost minus the accumulated depreciation). If the selling price is greater than the carrying amount, a gain on disposal occurs.
If the selling price is less than the carrying amount, a loss on disposal occurs. If the selling price is equal to the carrying amount, no gain or loss on disposal occurs.
The gain or loss on disposal is calculated as the difference between the selling price and the carrying amount. This gain or loss is reported on the income statement as a separate line item and is not included in the calculation of net income.
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Rate of Return If State OccursState of Probability of Economy State of Economy Stock A Stock BRecession .17 .05 − .21 Normal .62 .09 .08 Boom .21 .16 .25 Calculate the expected return for each stock. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)Expected returnStock A %Stock B %Calculate the standard deviation for each stock. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)Standard deviationStock A %Stock B %Expert Answer
The expected return for Stock A is 8.09% and the standard deviation is 0.50%. The expected return for Stock B is 6.64% and the standard deviation is 1.31%.
To calculate the expected return for each stock, we multiply the probability of each state of the economy by the corresponding rate of return for that state, and sum the results.
Expected return for Stock A:
= (0.17 * -0.05) + (0.62 * 0.09) + (0.21 * 0.16)
= -0.0085 + 0.0558 + 0.0336
= 0.0809 or 8.09%
Expected return for Stock B:
= (0.17 * -0.21) + (0.62 * 0.08) + (0.21 * 0.25)
= -0.0357 + 0.0496 + 0.0525
= 0.0664 or 6.64
To calculate the standard deviation for each stock, we need to calculate the variance first. The variance is the sum of the squared difference between each rate of return and the expected return, multiplied by the probability of each state.
Variance for Stock A:
= (0.17 * (-0.05 - 0.0809)^2) + (0.62 * (0.09 - 0.0809)^2) + (0.21 * (0.16 - 0.0809)^2)
= 0.000025053
Standard deviation for Stock A:
= sqrt(Variance)
= 0.005005 or 0.50%
Variance for Stock B:
= (0.17 * (-0.21 - 0.0664)^2) + (0.62 * (0.08 - 0.0664)^2) + (0.21 * (0.25 - 0.0664)^2)
= 0.000170488
Standard deviation for Stock B:
= sqrt(Variance)
= 0.013055 or 1.31%.
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Vijay owns land (adjusted basis of $81,400) that he uses in his business. He exchanges the land and $40,700 in cash for a different parcel of land worth $97,680. a. Vijay has a realized loss of b. Can Vijay avoid like kind exchange treatment and recognize his realized loss? because the $1031 like-kind exchange provision Therefore, Vijay the loss,
Vijay has a realized loss of $24,420, but he cannot recognize it due to the Section 1031 like-kind exchange provision.
Vijay has engaged in a like-kind exchange under Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code. In this transaction, he exchanged his land (adjusted basis of $81,400) and cash ($40,700) for a different parcel of land worth $97,680.
To determine if there's a realized loss, we need to compare the fair market value (FMV) of the property received to the adjusted basis of the property given up. The FMV of the received property is $97,680, while the adjusted basis of the given up property is $81,400, plus the cash given ($40,700), totaling $122,100.
Vijay's realized loss is calculated as the difference between the adjusted basis of the property given up and the FMV of the property received: $122,100 - $97,680 = $24,420.
However, due to the Section 1031 like-kind exchange provision, Vijay cannot recognize this realized loss. This is because Section 1031 allows taxpayers to defer recognition of gains and losses when exchanging like-kind properties used in a trade or business. Since both properties involved in this exchange are like-kind, Vijay is not allowed to recognize the loss for tax purposes. Instead, the basis of the new property will be adjusted to account for the deferred loss.
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Why would a company want to hire a member of its external audit team?
There are several reasons why a company would want to hire a member of its external audit team. Firstly, external auditors are professionals who have experience and expertise in auditing and financial reporting.
By hiring a member of their team, the company can leverage their knowledge and skills to improve their own internal audit processes and financial reporting practices. Secondly, external auditors can bring a fresh perspective to the company's operations and help identify areas of improvement. They can also help the company comply with regulations and industry standards, ensuring that they are operating within legal and ethical boundaries.
Thirdly, hiring a member of the external audit team can help build a stronger relationship between the company and the audit firm. This can lead to better communication and cooperation in future audits, which can ultimately benefit the company in terms of cost savings and improved audit outcomes.
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