False. The price of gasoline is not determined by oil companies but by supply and demand.
The price of gasoline is determined by the interaction between the forces of supply and demand in the market. Supply is the quantity of a good that a producer is willing to sell at a given price. Supply is represented by a supply curve on a graph, which shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity of it that suppliers are willing to sell. Demand refers to how much of a good or service consumers are willing to buy at a particular price. It is represented by a demand curve on a graph, which shows the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity of it that consumers are willing to buy.
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Examine the underlying principles of Malthusian theory of
population and how does the theory in your view relate to modern
times?
Malthusian theory of population is a theory that observes the relationship between the growth of the human population and the limited availability of resources.
Malthus was the first to suggest that the human population would eventually outstrip the earth's resources if it grew unchecked.Malthusian theory of population is based on the following principles:1. The population grows exponentially, while the food supply only increases arithmetically.2. Populations have a natural tendency to increase unless they are checked by social factors like war, famine, disease, and natural disasters.3. The poor will have more children than the rich because they cannot afford to support their families.4. Food scarcity, poverty, and overcrowding are the inevitable consequences of uncontrolled population growth.5. Checks on population growth like famine, disease, war, and natural disasters are necessary to maintain balance
. In modern times, the Malthusian theory of population has been challenged because of the technological advancement and the globalisation of markets. The green revolution and the use of genetically modified crops have significantly increased food production and reduced famine in some parts of the world.The availability of natural resources has also increased due to technological advancements and better management. However, the Malthusian theory of population is still relevant because of the following reasons:1. The global population is still increasing exponentially.2. Many people in developing countries still live in poverty and cannot afford to support large families.3. Food scarcity and malnutrition are still prevalent in many parts of the world.4. The earth's natural resources are finite and cannot sustain unlimited growth indefinitely.In conclusion, the Malthusian theory of population is relevant in modern times because it reminds us of the need to balance population growth and resource availability. We need to continue to develop new technologies, reduce waste, and manage resources sustainably if we are to avoid the negative consequences of unchecked population growth.
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List Three remedies that available to the plaintiff if breach of
contract occurred.
Three remedies available to the plaintiff if a breach of contract occurs are: 1) Damages, 2) Specific Performance, and 3) Rescission. These remedies aim to compensate the affected party and ensure the contractual obligations are met.
There are several remedies available to a plaintiff in the event of a breach of contract. Here are three of them:
1. Damages: This is the most common remedy sought by a plaintiff in a breach of contract case. Damages refer to the monetary compensation that a plaintiff may seek from the defendant for any losses suffered as a result of the breach. This could include actual damages (such as lost profits or expenses incurred as a result of the breach) or consequential damages (such as damages that flow naturally from the breach, but were not specifically mentioned in the contract).
2. Specific Performance: In some cases, a plaintiff may seek an order of specific performance from the court. This means that the court orders the defendant to perform their obligations under the contract as promised. This remedy is usually sought when the subject matter of the contract is unique or when damages would not be an adequate remedy.
3. Rescission: Rescission is a remedy that seeks to undo the contract and restore the parties to their pre-contractual positions. This remedy is usually sought when there has been a fundamental breach of contract or where one party has been induced into entering the contract by fraud or misrepresentation. Rescission can be granted by the court or agreed to by the parties.
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Question 3 In a credit market any borrower needs to borrow one unit of capital to invest in its project. Any project results in one of the two outcomes: success (return $2500), or failure (return $0). There are two types of borrowers: type s (safe) and type r (risky). The probability of success is 1/4 for type s and 1/8 for type r. Loans are given to groups of two borrowers through the joint liability contract (630, 480), where 630 is the individual liability component and 480 is the joint liability component. Denote by Yab the average net income of a borrower whose own type is a and whose group partner is of type b. (a) (12 points] Showing all steps of your work, determine ysr, Yrs, Yss, Yrr. (b) (2 points] Suppose there are four borrowers: two of type s, two of type r. Show that same types forming groups is a stable formation.
(a) To determine the average net income for each borrower type in different group compositions, we can calculate the expected values of net income for each scenario.
Ysr: This represents the average net income for a borrower of type s paired with a borrower of type r.
Probability of success for type s borrower: 1/4
Probability of failure for type r borrower: 7/8 (complement of success)
Net income for success: $2500
Net income for failure: $0
Ysr = (1/4) * $2500 + (7/8) * $0
Ysr = $625
Yrs: This represents the average net income for a borrower of type r paired with a borrower of type s.
Probability of success for type r borrower: 1/8
Probability of failure for type s borrower: 3/4 (complement of success)
Net income for success: $2500
Net income for failure: $0
Yrs = (1/8) * $2500 + (3/4) * $0
Yrs = $312.50
Yss: This represents the average net income for a pair of borrowers both of type s.
Probability of success for both type s borrowers: (1/4) * (1/4)
Probability of failure for both type s borrowers: (3/4) * (3/4)
Net income for success: $2500
Net income for failure: $0
Yss = (1/4) * (1/4) * $2500 + (3/4) * (3/4) * $0
Yss = $156.25
Yrr: This represents the average net income for a pair of borrowers both of type r.
Probability of success for both type r borrowers: (1/8) * (1/8)
Probability of failure for both type r borrowers: (7/8) * (7/8)
Net income for success: $2500
Net income for failure: $0
Yrr = (1/8) * (1/8) * $2500 + (7/8) * (7/8) * $0
Yrr = $273.44
(b) To show that same types forming groups is a stable formation, we compare the net income of borrowers within the same type group (Yss and Yrr) with the net income of borrowers in mixed type groups (Ysr and Yrs).
Yss = $156.25 (average net income for same type s group)
Yrr = $273.44 (average net income for same type r group)
Ysr = $625 (average net income for mixed type group)
Yrs = $312.50 (average net income for mixed type group)
We can observe that Yss < Ysr and Yrr < Yrs, which indicates that borrowers within the same type group have lower average net incomes compared to borrowers in mixed type groups. Therefore, same types forming groups is a stable formation as it provides higher net incomes for borrowers.
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Question 2 of 17 Check My Work eBook Problem 7-04 You annually invest $1,000 in an individual retirement account (TRA) starting at the age of 20 and make the contributions for 10 years. Your twin sister does the same starting at age 30 and makes the contributions for 30 years. Both of you earn 7 percent annually on your investment. What amounts will you and your sister have at age 60? Use Appendix A and Appendix C to answer the question. Round your answers to the nearest dollar. Amount on your account: $ O Amount on your sister's account: $ O Who has the larger amount at age 60? -Select- the larger amount. Check My Work MAAY 000 O Icon Key 6,753
The amounts in your account at age 60 will be $14,486, and the amount in your sister's account will be $81,713.
to determine the amounts you and your sister will have in your individual retirement accounts (ira) at age 60, we can use the concept of future value and the given information.
given:
- annual investment: $1,000
- investment period for you: 10 years (starting at age 20)
- investment period for your sister: 30 years (starting at age 30)
- annual interest rate: 7%
- rounding: round the answers to the nearest dollar
using appendix a (future value of $1 table) and appendix c (future value of an ordinary annuity of $1 table), we can calculate the future values of the annual investments for both you and your sister.
for your investments:
using appendix c, look up the future value factor for n = 10 (years) and i = 7% (annual interest rate). the future value factor is 14.486.
multiply this factor by the annual investment amount:
future value for your investments = $1,000 * 14.486 = $14,486
for your sister's investments:
using appendix c, look up the future value factor for n = 30 (years) and i = 7% (annual interest rate). the future value factor is 81.713.
multiply this factor by the annual investment amount:
future value for your sister's investments = $1,000 * 81.713 = $81,713 your sister will have the larger amount at age 60.
please note that these calculations assume the investments earn a constant annual interest rate of 7% and no additional contributions or withdrawals are made after the specified investment periods.
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Flag The state of South Africa’s Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita is plummeting and the forecast is not looking much better. GDP is not the same as average income, as the Gross domestic product measures how much an individual contributes to the production of a country. This indicates the uncertainty in the job market especially for youth. Based on the higher rate of youth unemployment and the state of the South African economy, government directs its policy to promote entrepreneurship programmes for youth. After two years of implementation of these entrepreneurship programmes, government is keen to investigate in order to establish the impact of these programmes. You are required to write a research proposal of the study using the structure as per questions asked: Answer ALL the questions in this section.
Question 2 Formulate FIVE (5) research objectives and FIVE (5) research questions that are relevant to your study.
Research objectives To establish the impact of entrepreneurship programs initiated by the South African government in combating youth unemployment.
To determine if the entrepreneurship programs initiated by the South African government have contributed to a reduction in youth unemployment. To identify the factors that lead to the success of entrepreneurship programs among youth in South Africa. To determine the factors that hinder the successful implementation of entrepreneurship programs among youth in South Africa. To recommend policies that can enhance the success of entrepreneurship programs among youth in South Africa. Research questions What is the impact of entrepreneurship programs initiated by the South African government in combating youth unemployment? Have the entrepreneurship programs initiated by the South African government contributed to a reduction in youth unemployment? What are the factors that lead to the success of entrepreneurship programs among youth in South Africa? What are the factors that hinder the successful implementation of entrepreneurship programs among youth in South Africa? What policies can enhance the success of entrepreneurship programs among youth in South Africa?
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after the terminal speed has been reached, at what rate is work being done on the bar by gravity?
After the terminal speed has been reached, the rate at which work is done on the bar by gravity is zero. The rate at which work is done on the bar by gravity is zero.
Terminal speed is the steady speed reached by an object when it is dropped through a fluid or gas.
At this speed, the frictional resistance force acting on the object is equal to the driving force, and the object stops accelerating and falls at a constant speed.This can be obtained by the following equation:
vt = √((2mg)/(pAC))where, vt is the terminal velocity, m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity, p is the density of the fluid, A is the cross-sectional area of the object, and C is the drag coefficient.
For an object falling through a fluid, work is done on the object by gravity until the object reaches terminal velocity. After that, the gravitational force and the resistance force are equal and opposite, so there is no further acceleration, and thus no further work is done. Therefore, after the terminal speed has been reached, the rate at which work is done on the bar by gravity is zero.
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In some self-sufficient countries, there is an exclusive competitive market with a market size of S, and N companies are competing to sell differentiated similar goods.The total cost of each company is , and the expected demand of each company is .Let F and c be the fixed and marginal costs given respectively, is the sales volume (supply) of i company, is the price set by i company, is the average price of each market participant, and b (>1) is the reactivity coefficient (constant) of the sales volume (supply) for the goods price. 1)Derive an optimal pricing strategy for company i that satisfies the profit maximization condition as a formula.
2) Use the formula to explain why the optimal sales volume of the i company should be constant at .
3) Calculate the long-term equilibrium number of companies in the market under self-sufficiency.
4) Let's say that there is a side effect in which consumers change more sensitively about the price of goods than at the time of self-sufficiency according to free trade. In such a case, how will free trade change the long-term equilibrium price of the market and the number of long-term equilibrium companies? Draw a graph and answer
Pricing and sales strategies in competitive markets depend on costs, market size, and consumer price sensitivity, influencing equilibrium conditions under self-sufficiency or free trade.
1) The optimal pricing strategy for company i that satisfies the profit maximization condition is given by the formula:
[tex]\[ P_i = F + \frac{1}{2b} \left(\frac{c - F}{N}\right) + \frac{1}{2b} \left(\sum_{j\neq i} \frac{c - F}{N}\right) \][/tex]
where represents [tex]\( P_i \)[/tex] the price set by company i, [tex]\( F \)[/tex] is the fixed cost,[tex]\( c \)[/tex] is the marginal cost, [tex]\( N \)[/tex] is the number of competing companies, and [tex]\( b \)[/tex]is the reactivity coefficient.
2) The optimal sales volume of company i should be constant at [tex]\( \frac{S}{N} \)[/tex]because each company aims to capture an equal market share in a competitive market. Dividing the total market size [tex]\( S \)[/tex] by the number of companies [tex]\( N \)[/tex] ensures an equitable distribution of customers among the competitors.
3) To calculate the long-term equilibrium number of companies in the market under self-sufficiency, further information about the market structure, consumer preferences, and industry dynamics is required. Without additional data, it is not possible to determine the specific equilibrium number of companies.
4) In the case where consumers become more price-sensitive due to free trade, the long-term equilibrium price of the market is likely to decrease. This is because heightened price sensitivity would lead to increased competition among companies, resulting in lower prices to attract customers. The number of long-term equilibrium companies may also decrease due to intensified competition, potentially driving some less efficient or less competitive firms out of the market.
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Projects may significantly impact the environment and communities in which they are executed. Research examples of how projects have positively (and negatively) impacted the environment. Write a paper using APA guidelines outlining the types of sustainability impact that should be considered before taking on a project. Feel free to describe a specific example in your paper if it is helpful. This paper should be a minimum of two pages in length.
Supportability has been a frequently referenced objective of organizations, charities and states in the previous ten years.
John Elkington endeavored to gauge supportability during the mid-1990s by enveloping another structure to quantify execution in corporate America.1 This bookkeeping system, called the triple primary concern (TBL), went past the conventional proportions of benefits, profit from venture, and investor worth to incorporate natural and social aspects.
Triple bottom line reporting can be an important tool for supporting sustainability goals by focusing on comprehensive investment results—that is, performance in relation to the interrelated dimensions of profits, people, and the environment.
Premium in triple main concern bookkeeping has been developing across revenue driven, not-for-profit and government areas. The TBL sustainability framework has been used by many businesses and non-profit organizations to evaluate their performance, and a similar strategy has gained traction with federal, state, and local governments.
examines the TBL concept, explains how it can be useful for businesses, policymakers, and practitioners of economic development, and draws attention to some current examples of TBL implementation.
The Triple Bottom Line :Defined The TBL is a framework for accounting that takes into account three aspects of performance: social, ecological and monetary. This contrasts from customary announcing systems as it incorporates natural (or ecological) and social estimates that can be hard to allot fitting method for estimation. The three Ps are another common name for the TBL dimensions: Earth, people, and money. We will allude to these as the 3Ps.
A long time before Elkington presented the manageability idea as "triple main concern," hippies grappled with proportions of, and systems for, supportability. Over the past three decades, the number of academic fields centered on sustainability has increased dramatically. People who have studied and practiced sustainability, both inside and outside of academia, would concur with the general.
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Which of the following statements is correct? 1. Treasury bills are short-term debt instruments issued by companies and/or the government. II. Repurchase agreements have a very liquid secondary market. OI only O II only O Both I and II ONeither I nor II
The correct statement is II only: Repurchase agreements have a very liquid secondary market.
Treasury bills, also known as T-bills, are short-term debt instruments issued by the government, not by companies. They are typically issued to finance government expenditures and have maturities ranging from a few days to one year.
Repurchase agreements, on the other hand, are short-term agreements where one party sells a security to another party with an agreement to repurchase it at a later date. These agreements are commonly used in the money markets for short-term financing. Repurchase agreements do have a very liquid secondary market, meaning they can be easily bought or sold before their maturity date.
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In a closed economy, Y = $18 billion C = $14.4 billion I= $1.8 billion TR = $4.0 billion T = $3.0 billion Calculate each of the following (round each answer to one decimal place). Private savings = $ billion Public savings = $ billion Total savings in this economy = $ billion The government's budget deficit or surplus = $1 billion (enter a negative number for a deficit, positive number for surplus).
The answers are Private savings = $0.6 billion, Public savings = -$1 billion, Total savings in this economy = -$0.4 billion, Government's budget deficit or surplus = $1 billion (surplus).
To calculate the different components, we can use the following formulas:
Private Savings = Y - T - C
Public Savings = T - TR
Total Savings in the economy = Private Savings + Public Savings
Government's Budget Deficit or Surplus = TR - T
Given the following values:
Y = $18 billion
C = $14.4 billion
I = $1.8 billion
TR = $4.0 billion
T = $3.0 billion
Let's calculate each component:
Private Savings = Y - T - C
Private Savings = $18 billion - $3 billion - $14.4 billion
Private Savings = $0.6 billion
Public Savings = T - TR
Public Savings = $3 billion - $4 billion
Public Savings = -$1 billion
Total Savings in the economy = Private Savings + Public Savings
Total Savings = $0.6 billion + (-$1 billion)
Total Savings = -$0.4 billion
Government's Budget Deficit or Surplus = TR - T
Government's Budget Deficit or Surplus = $4 billion - $3 billion
Government's Budget Deficit or Surplus = $1 billion (surplus)
Therefore, the answers are as follows:
Private savings = $0.6 billion
Public savings = -$1 billion
Total savings in this economy = -$0.4 billion
Government's budget deficit or surplus = $1 billion (surplus)
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1- Please, express how inflation affect the three functions of money.
2- Explain the role of commercial banks in terms of expansion of money supply, emphasizing the limitations of the process.
3- There is an initial deposit in RBC Bank of $5,000.00. The required reserve ratio is 5%. Assume the bank does not keep any excess reserves and people deposit all money into the banking system. Answer these questions: (think that bank has a fractional reserve banking system):
a- How much are RBC Bank’s required reserves with this deposit?
b- By how much do RBC Bank’s excess reserves increase with this deposit?
c-Assume RBC bank loans out its excess reserves to Jennifer. Jennifer buys a new boat with her loan and therefore writes a check on her new account to Jack. Jack then deposits this check in Union Bank. Union Bank then must keep $_____ as required reserves and it lends out $___to Angelina. At this point in the process, by how much has the money supply increased (assuming the initial deposit is new money)? ___
d-If this process continues and all checks are re-deposited back into the banking system, by how much will the money supply increase when the process is complete? $___
Inflation affects the three functions of money, namely medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account.
In terms of the medium of exchange, inflation reduces the purchasing power of money, making it less effective in facilitating transactions. As a store of value, inflation erodes the real value of money over time, diminishing its ability to retain purchasing power. Inflation also hampers money's function as a unit of account by distorting price signals and creating uncertainties in economic calculations.
Commercial banks play a crucial role in expanding the money supply through the process of fractional reserve banking. When banks receive deposits, they are required to hold a fraction of those deposits as reserves. The remaining portion is available for lending and investment, effectively creating new money in the form of loans. However, this expansion of the money supply has limitations. Banks must maintain a minimum reserve requirement set by the central bank, limiting the extent to which they can create new money. Additionally, banks' lending decisions are influenced by factors such as creditworthiness, liquidity needs, and regulatory constraints, further restricting the expansion of money supply.
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From 1929 to 1932, U.S. output growth was:
Select one:
a. consistently near zero.
b. consistently negative.
c. consistently positive.
d. negative in the first few years, and then mostly positive in
t
B. consistently negative. From 1929 to 1932, U.S. output growth was consistently negative. This period corresponds to the Great Depression, one of the most severe economic downturns in history.
The stock market crash of 1929 marked the beginning of the Depression, leading to a sharp decline in consumer spending, investment, and overall economic activity.
The negative output growth during this period can be attributed to several factors. The collapse of the financial system and widespread bank failures resulted in a severe credit crunch, limiting businesses' ability to borrow and invest. High levels of unemployment and poverty further contributed to decreased consumer demand and reduced production.
The government's response to the Depression, initially characterized by limited intervention, also played a role in the negative output growth. The implementation of protectionist trade policies, such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, led to a decline in international trade and further contraction of economic activity.
It was not until the mid-1930s, with the implementation of New Deal policies and increased government spending, that the U.S. economy began to recover and experience positive output growth. However, during the period from 1929 to 1932, the U.S. output growth remained consistently negative, reflecting the severity of the Great Depression.\
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Ted is Sharon's father and also a UCLA law school alumnus and an "Attorney to the Stars". His law practice is very successful. Sharon recently graduated from Beverly Hill High School. Ted tells Sharon he has a sincere desire that she one day attend law school preferably, UCLA and come practice with him, and if she graduates from law school he will pay her $50,000. Ted also agrees to pay all of Sharon's college expenses. Ted, indeed does pay all of his daughter's college expenses. However, upon Sharon receiving her Bachelor's degree from UCLA she is accepted to Yale University Law School (an ivy league law school). Sharon believes it would be far better for her if she attends an Ivy League law school.The cost of attending Yale is $50,000 annually and Yale is willing to give Sharon a scholarship in the amount of $40,000 annually for 3 years. At the end of the 3 years Sharon graduates from Yale and asks her father for the $50,000. Ted refuses to pay because Sharon did not graduate from UCLA law school Must Ted pay. Please explain. (15 points)
Ted should honor his commitment and pay Sharon the $50,000 as per their agreement, regardless of the law school she attended.
In this scenario, Ted made an agreement with Sharon that he would pay her $50,000 if she graduates from law school, preferably UCLA law school, and he also agreed to pay all of Sharon's college expenses. However, Sharon decides to attend Yale University Law School instead of UCLA, which is not the specific law school mentioned in the agreement. Now the question is whether Ted is obligated to pay Sharon the $50,000.
Based on the information provided, the agreement between Ted and Sharon does not specify that the $50,000 payment is contingent upon Sharon graduating from UCLA law school. The agreement simply states that if Sharon graduates from law school, Ted will pay her $50,000. It does not explicitly restrict her choice of law school.
Furthermore, Ted fulfilled his promise of paying all of Sharon's college expenses, which implies that he intended to support her education regardless of the specific institution she attended. By paying for her college education, Ted demonstrated his commitment to Sharon's academic pursuits.
Therefore, it would be unreasonable for Ted to refuse payment based on the fact that Sharon graduated from Yale instead of UCLA law school. The agreement did not stipulate that she must attend UCLA law school to receive the $50,000. As long as Sharon has successfully completed her law degree, which she did at Yale, she is entitled to the agreed-upon payment.
In conclusion, Ted should honor his commitment and pay Sharon the $50,000 as per their agreement, regardless of the law school she attended.
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Please use Excel to answer these question What is the effective cost of a combination of an 80% mortgage at 3.5% and a second mortgage (for 10% of the purchase price) at 4.5%? Both mortgages carry a 30-year term and have no points/closing costs.
The value in cell B10 will represent the effective cost of the combination of the mortgages.
To calculate the effective cost of the combination of an 80% mortgage at 3.5% and a second mortgage for 10% of the purchase price at 4.5% using Excel, we can use the PMT function to calculate the monthly payments for each mortgage and then sum them up to find the total monthly payment.
Finally, we can convert the monthly payment to an annual effective rate using the EFFECT function. Here's how you can do it:
1. Open Microsoft Excel and create a new spreadsheet.
2. In cell A1, enter "Purchase Price."
3. In cell B1, enter the purchase price value.
4. In cell A2, enter "80% Mortgage Rate."
5. In cell B2, enter 3.5% (in decimal form as 0.035).
6. In cell A3, enter "Second Mortgage Rate."
7. In cell B3, enter 4.5% (in decimal form as 0.045).
8. In cell A4, enter "Loan Amount for 80% Mortgage."
9. In cell B4, enter the formula "=B1*0.8" to calculate the loan amount for the 80% mortgage.
10. In cell A5, enter "Loan Amount for Second Mortgage."
11. In cell B5, enter the formula "=B1*0.1" to calculate the loan amount for the second mortgage.
12. In cell A6, enter "Term (in years)."
13. In cell B6, enter 30 to represent the 30-year term.
14. In cell A7, enter "Monthly Payment for 80% Mortgage."
15. In cell B7, enter the formula "=PMT(B2/12, B6*12, -B4)" to calculate the monthly payment for the 80% mortgage.
16. In cell A8, enter "Monthly Payment for Second Mortgage."
17. In cell B8, enter the formula "=PMT(B3/12, B6*12, -B5)" to calculate the monthly payment for the second mortgage.
18. In cell A9, enter "Total Monthly Payment."
19. In cell B9, enter the formula "=B7+B8" to calculate the total monthly payment.
20. In cell A10, enter "Annual Effective Rate."
21. In cell B10, enter the formula "=EFFECT(B9,12)-1" to convert the monthly payment to an annual effective rate.
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Recruiting workers with disabilities (WWDs)
Issues
Identify issues with workers with disabilities within
recruitment. The issues should be discussed within the Australian
context. For example, this g
Issues associated with workers with disabilities in recruitment are discussed below; Employers' Perception: A major barrier to recruitment is the negative attitude held by employers towards WWDs. The employer's stereotype of disability contributes to discrimination during the recruitment process.
One issue with recruiting WWDs in the Australian context is the employer's perception. This is a significant barrier to the recruitment process, as negative attitudes and stereotypes can contribute to discrimination. Employers' perception of WWDs, such as their lack of productivity or motivation, contributes to discrimination during the recruitment process.
A lack of communication between employers and WWDs also contributes to discrimination. Employers may not be aware of the potential benefits of hiring WWDs due to limited communication. Some employers may not have the necessary resources to meet the unique needs of WWDs, such as workplace adjustments and training, making it difficult for them to be recruited.
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Dartboard Startup (Part d) You are considering opening a new business to sell dartboards. You estimate that in order to start the business, your manufacturing equipment will cost $100,000 and facility updates will cost $200,000. You are able to raise $120,000 from investors with a promise of a 12% return on their investment. Your bank has agreed to loan you the remaining $180,000 at a 7% rate of interest. You estimate that you will bring in $50,000 per year in profit and that your equipment and facility updates will last 10 years. Thus, in the current year (year zero), you incur a $300,000 cost, and in years one through ten of your investment, you make $50,000 in profit each year. Your dartboard venture proves to be a success and so you are considering expanding your business by starting a division that specializes in making darts. You need new manufacturing equipment to make the darts, which you estimate will cost $50,000. You will also need to expand the facility itself to make space for the new division, this will cost you $100,000. On average, it will cost you $10 (in labor and material) to produce a set of darts. If you can sell each set of darts for $20, what is your break-even quantity? Interpret this number in the context of this question.
The break-even quantity for selling darts is 15000 units. This is explained below.Let's first calculate the fixed costs of the manufacturing of darts:Total Fixed Costs = Manufacturing Equipment Costs + Facility Upgrade Costs= $50,000 + $100,000= $150,000
Now let's calculate the contribution margin for each unit of darts:Contribution Margin = Selling Price per unit - Variable cost per unit= $20 - $10= $10We can then use the contribution margin to calculate the break-even point in units:Break-even Quantity = Total Fixed Costs ÷ Contribution Margin= $150,000 ÷ $10= 15000 unitsTherefore, the break-even quantity is 15000 units. This means that the business needs to sell 15000 units of darts in order to cover its fixed costs.
Total Fixed Costs = Manufacturing Equipment Costs + Facility Upgrade Costs= $50,000 + $100,000= $150,000 Now let's calculate the contribution margin for each unit of darts:Contribution Margin = Selling Price per unit - Variable cost per unit= $20 - $10= $10We can then use the contribution margin to calculate the break-even point in units:Break-even Quantity = Total Fixed Costs ÷ Contribution Margin= $150,000 ÷ $10= 15000 unitsTherefore, the break-even quantity is 15000 units. This means that the business needs to sell 15000 units of darts in order to cover its fixed costs.
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although embargos are enacted upon both imports and exports, this form of trade protectionism is often the result of
Although embargos are enacted upon both imports and exports, this form of trade protectionism is often the result of political, social or economic issues.
Embargos refer to the restriction of trade on a particular good or country. It is a form of trade protectionism, that involves the imposition of tariffs and quotas on imports and exports. They are often used to achieve specific economic and political objectives.Embargos can be put in place as a form of economic sanctions, where a country restricts trade with another country to punish them for a specific action or behavior. For instance, an embargo can be imposed on a country that has been found to be in violation of international law.Embargos can also be put in place for political reasons, to isolate a country or to protect national security interests. They are often used as a tool to exert pressure on a particular government or regime. However, embargos can also have negative consequences on the country that imposes them. They can lead to a decline in trade and a reduction in economic growth.
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How will an organisation that has just completed its recruitment and selection of new hires after two years of a work from home (WFH)modality increase the performance and productivity of these employee
This can include bonuses, promotions, or other rewards. By providing incentives, remote workers will be more likely to stay motivated and engaged in their work, leading to increased productivity and improved performance.These strategies can help organizations increase the performance and productivity of new hires who have been recruited and selected after two years of a work from home (WFH) modality.
An organization that has just completed its recruitment and selection of new hires after two years of a work from home (WFH) modality can increase the performance and productivity of these employees by doing the following:Establish expectations and standards: A productive and efficient remote workforce starts with well-defined expectations and standards. It's critical to set goals and standards for job responsibilities, communication practices, and other key aspects of the job. By doing so, remote workers can be held to the same high standards as office-based employees, ensuring that they remain motivated, engaged, and productive.Communication: Communication is key in any organization, and even more so when employees are working from home. Regular check-ins, meetings, and daily communications should be established to ensure that employees are not only meeting expectations but also feeling supported. A communication platform can be used to help facilitate this.Measurement of performance: It is important for managers to be able to measure employee performance. This can be done through regular check-ins and performance reviews. These reviews can be used to help identify areas where employees are excelling, as well as areas where they need improvement.Supportive environment: A supportive environment can help increase employee productivity and job satisfaction. This can be achieved through team building exercises, training, and other activities that help to build a sense of camaraderie among remote workers. This can help to ensure that employees feel valued and appreciated, which can help to increase their motivation and productivity.Incentives: Finally, incentives can be used to help motivate and reward employees who are meeting or exceeding expectations. This can include bonuses, promotions, or other rewards. By providing incentives, remote workers will be more likely to stay motivated and engaged in their work, leading to increased productivity and improved performance.These strategies can help organizations increase the performance and productivity of new hires who have been recruited and selected after two years of a work from home (WFH) modality.
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(1) With practical examples in economics, explain the constraints individuals and companies face
in decision-making.
(a) Discuss any five uses of elasticities in Ghana.
(b) Discuss any five factors that influence the elasticity of demand.
(c) With the concept of elasticity, differentiate between normal goods and inferior goods.
(d) Managerial economics is a science of decision-making in a company. Discuss.
(e Explain any five principles of economics that guide decision-making.
In decision-making, individuals and companies face various constraints, including limited resources, budget constraints, time constraints, information asymmetry, and external market forces. Elasticities play a crucial role in economic analysis in Ghana, as they help measure the responsiveness of various economic variables.
In decision-making, individuals and companies face constraints that influence their choices. Limited resources, such as time and money, create trade-offs, requiring individuals and companies to make choices based on their budget constraints. For example, an individual may have to choose between spending money on a vacation or saving for retirement, while a company may have to allocate its limited budget between research and development or marketing. In addition to resource constraints, information asymmetry can pose challenges in decision-making. Individuals and companies often have limited access to complete information, which can lead to uncertainties and risks. External market forces, such as changes in demand, competition, and government regulations, also impose constraints on decision-making. Elasticities, such as price elasticity of demand and income elasticity of demand, are useful tools in economic analysis. In Ghana, elasticities are applied in various ways, including determining the impact of changes in price on demand, assessing consumer responsiveness to income changes, evaluating tax incidence, estimating market power, and guiding policy decisions. The elasticity of demand is influenced by several factors. The availability of substitutes is a key determinant, as goods with close substitutes tend to have more elastic demand. The necessity or luxury status of a good also affects elasticity, with luxury goods often having more elastic demand. The time frame considered is another factor, as demand tends to be more elastic in the long run. Income level plays a role, with goods being classified as normal goods (demand increases as income increases) or inferior goods (demand decreases as income increases). Lastly, habit formation can influence elasticity, as goods that are habitually consumed may have inelastic demand.
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Here is information related to Concord Company for 2022. Total credit sales $2,495,000 Accounts receivable at December 31 907,000 Uncollectibles written off 34,900 (a) What amount of bad debt expense will Concord Company report if it uses the direct write-off method of accounting for uncoll
(b) Assume that Concord Company uses the percentage-of-receivables basis to record bad debt expenseand concludes that 5% (c) Assume that Concord Company uses the percentage-of-receivables basis to record bad debt expenseand concludes that 5%
(a) The amount of bad debt expense is $34,900. (b) Bad Debt Expense = 45,350 (c) Bad Debt Expense = 45,350.
(a) To calculate the bad debt expense using the direct write-off method, we need to determine the amount of uncollectible accounts. The uncollectibles written off is given as $34,900, which represents the accounts that have been determined as uncollectible and removed from the accounts receivable.
Therefore, the bad debt expense reported under the direct write-off method would be equal to the amount of uncollectible written off, which is $34,900.
(b) To calculate the bad debt expense using the percentage-of-receivables basis, we need to multiply the accounts receivable at December 31 by the percentage determined as uncollectible. In this case, the percentage is provided as 5%.
Bad debt expense = Accounts receivable at December 31 * Percentage of receivables
Accounts receivable at December 31 = $907,000
Percentage of receivables = 5% or 0.05
Bad debt expense = $907,000 * 0.05
Bad debt expense = 45,350
(c) The information provided for part (c) is the same as in part (b), which assumes a 5% uncollectible rate. Therefore, the amount of bad debt expense under the percentage-of-receivables basis would also be $45,350.
So, the amount of bad debt expense reported by Concord Company under both the direct write-off method and the percentage-of-receivables basis would be $45,350.
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The Law of Demand states that
a. with an increase in the price, the quantity demanded increases.
b. with an increase in the price, the quantity demanded decreases.
c. quantity demanded does not change with any increase in price.
d. with an increase in price, demand decreases.
The Law of Demand states that with an increase in price, the quantity demanded decreases. The correct option is b.
The Law of Demand is a fundamental concept in economics that describes the inverse relationship between the price of a product and the quantity demanded by consumers. According to this law, when the price of a good or service increases, ceteris paribus (assuming all other factors remain constant), consumers tend to demand a smaller quantity of that good or service. This inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded can be explained by the behavior of consumers.
When the price of a product rises, consumers typically seek alternatives or reduce their consumption to mitigate the impact on their budgets. Higher prices can also signal a decrease in the perceived value or affordability of a product, leading to a decrease in demand. On the other hand, when the price of a product decreases, consumers generally find it more affordable and are inclined to buy more, resulting in an increase in the quantity demanded. Overall, the Law of Demand helps economists and businesses understand how changes in price affect consumer behavior and market demand.
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Sweet Company has two classes of capital stock outstanding: 9%, $20 par preferred and $5 par common. At December 31, 2020, the following accounts were included in stockholders' equity. Preferred Stock, 165,000 shares $ 3,300,000 Common Stock, 2,018,000 shares 10,090,000 Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Preferred Stock 204,000 Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Common Stock 27,531,000 Retained Earnings 4,490,000 The following transactions affected stockholders' equity during 2021. Jan. 1 29,100 shares of preferred stock issued at $24 per share. Feb. 1 49,800 shares of common stock issued at $21 per share. June 1 2-for-1 stock split (par value reduced to $2.50). July 1 29,400 shares of common treasury stock purchased at $9 per share. Sweet uses the cost method. Sept. 15 9,400 shares of treasury stock reissued at $12 per share. Dec. 31 The preferred dividend is declared, and a common dividend of 51¢ per share is declared. Dec. 31 Net income is $2,123,000. Prepare the stockholders' equity section for Sweet Company at December 31, 2021. (Enter account name only and do not provide descriptive information.) SWEET COMPANY Stockholders' Equity $ Prepare the stockholders' equity section for Sweet Company at December 31, 2021.
SWEET COMPANY Stockholders' Equity: Preferred Stock: $3,300,000, Common Stock: $11,440,500, Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Preferred Stock: $204,000, Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par-Common Stock: $29,280,000, Retained Earnings: $4,490,000, Treasury Stock: ($100,680)
To prepare the stockholders' equity section for Sweet Company at December 31, 2021, we need to consider the given transactions and their impact on the various components of stockholders' equity.
1. Preferred Stock: The initial balance of Preferred Stock remains the same as there were no transactions involving preferred stock during 2021.
2. Common Stock: The initial balance of Common Stock was $10,090,000. On January 1, 2021, 29,100 additional shares were issued at $24 per share, resulting in an increase of $697,200 ($24 x 29,100). On February 1, 2021, 49,800 shares were issued at $21 per share, resulting in an increase of $1,043,800 ($21 x 49,800). After considering these transactions, the Common Stock balance becomes $11,440,500.
3. Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par: The initial balances for both Preferred Stock and Common Stock remain the same as there were no transactions involving excess of par during 2021.
4. Retained Earnings: Net income for the year is $2,123,000, which is added to the retained earnings balance of $4,490,000. The new retained earnings balance becomes $6,613,000 ($4,490,000 + $2,123,000).
5. Treasury Stock: On July 1, 2021, 29,400 shares of common treasury stock were purchased at $9 per share, resulting in a decrease of $265,600 ($9 x 29,400). On September 15, 2021, 9,400 shares of treasury stock were reissued at $12 per share, resulting in an increase of $112,800 ($12 x 9,400). The net effect of these transactions on treasury stock is a decrease of $152,800 ($265,600 - $112,800).
After considering all the transactions, the stockholders' equity section for Sweet Company at December 31, 2021, is as shown above.
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1) Net Revenue before bad debt is _________.
a) $ 700,000
b) $ 500,000
c) $ 1,200,000
d) $ 990,000
e) None of the above
[Questions 10-17] New Hospital, Inc. has the following T-account summaries: (All accounts have normal balances-that is, accounts that normally have a debit balance, have a debit balance and accounts t
1) Net Revenue before the bad debt is $700,000.
Net revenue before bad debt refers to the total revenue generated by a company before accounting for any potential bad debts or uncollectible accounts. It represents the revenue earned by the company from its core operations before factoring in any losses due to non-payment by customers. In this case, the answer is $700,000, which is the closest option provided.
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Points n August 1, 2021, LYZ Co. paid $12,000 for 12 months of rent coverage. No adjustments have been made to the prepaid rent account, and now it's December 31, 2021. Required: adjustment entry at December 31, 2021 will be A Dr Rent Expense 5,000 Cr Prepaid Rent 5,000 Dr Prepaid Rent 2,000 (В Cr Rent Expense 2,000 Dr Cash 5,000 Cr Rent Expense 5,000
The adjustment entry at December 31, 2021 for LYZ Co. would be to Debit the Rent Expense account by $5,000 and credit the Prepaid Rent account by $5,000.
Here, LYZ Co. pays $12,000 for 12 months of rent coverage on August 1, 2021. But the company has not made any adjustments to the prepaid rent account. And now, it's December 31, 2021. So, the rent expense account needs an adjustment entry. Dr Rent Expense 5,000 Cr Prepaid Rent 5,000As per the adjusting entry for prepaid rent, rent expense is debited, and prepaid rent is credited for the amount of prepaid rent that is used up in the period. The entry in the question reflects that prepaid rent is fully unexpired. It means that $12,000 was paid for the whole year in advance on August 1. Therefore, no rent is expired, and the prepaid rent account is not credited to adjust the expense. So, that the correct adjustment entry at December 31, 2021 for LYZ Co. would be to Debit the Rent Expense account by $5,000 and credit the Prepaid Rent account by $5,000.
Thus, we can conclude that the adjustment entry at December 31, 2021 will be: Dr Rent Expense 5,000 Cr Prepaid Rent 5,000.
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Crawford Corp. has an ROI of 23% and a residual income of $10,300. If operating Income equals $47,150, what is the amount of average invested assets? a. $44,783 b. $1,084,450 c. $205,000 d. $236,900
The correct option is b. $1,084,450.The formula for calculating residual income is:
Residual Income = Operating Income - (Minimum required return on investment x Total Assets)Given that Crawford Corp. has an ROI of 23% and a residual income of $10,300 and operating Income equals $47,150. Let's calculate the minimum required return on investment:(Operating income x ROI) = ($47,150 x 23%) = $10,846.50Now, we can use the formula for residual income, as we have the required information.
Residual Income = Operating Income - (Minimum required return on investment x Total Assets)$10,300 = $47,150 - ($10,846.50 x Total Assets)Total Assets = ($47,150 - $10,300) / $10,846.50Total Assets = 3.44 rounded to 2 decimal places.
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Ali works for Alpha, Inc., a company that manufactures high quality widgets. For several months now, Ali has noticed that one of the machines on the assembly line floor overheats after operating without a break for several hours, and the workers using the machine are at risk of burning themselves because the machine gets too hot. Ali’s manager said that the machine should be run all day without interruption because they will lose money and get behind schedule if the machine is allowed to cool down periodically. Ali pointed out that someone could get hurt if the machine is used this way, and was told to keep quiet or else someone else could take the position. Yesterday, Ali’s friend Jo was badly burned by the machine and had to go to the hospital.
What safety issues are at play in this scenario? What errors in management were made? What repercussions could Ali, the manager and Alpha, Inc. face in light of Jo’s injury?
Questions you must answer in this scenario:
What safety issues are at play? What errors in management were made?
What happens when someone is injured on the job, both internally and with WorkSafe NB?
What health & safety rules were violated? How should health & safety be managed?
What might happen to Ali?
What might happen to the manager?
What might happen to Alpha, Inc.?
The safety issues at play in this scenario are that the machine on the assembly line floor overheats after operating without a break for several hours.
And the workers using the machine are at risk of burning themselves because the machine gets too hot.Errors in management that were made is that Ali pointed out that someone could get hurt if the machine is used this way, and was told to keep quiet or else someone else could take the position. Hence, the management should have taken care of the situation and make sure that the machine is in proper condition. The management should have kept in mind the safety of the workers, who operate the machine. If there is no safety, it would lead to serious consequences.Repercussions that Ali, the manager, and Alpha, Inc. face in light of Jo’s injury: When someone is injured on the job, both internally and with WorkSafe NB, the employer will need to fill out an incident report. This report must be done within three business days after learning about the accident. Moreover, the employer is responsible for informing the WorkSafeNB and their insurance provider of the incident. The employer must ensure that the injured employee receives prompt medical treatment and support.Health & Safety rules that were violated are: the safety of workers is of paramount importance and should not be compromised. The manufacturer has a duty to ensure that their machines are safe for use. And it is important for the management to listen to the concerns raised by their employees.Ali may be subject to repercussions if they are found to be in breach of their employee contract. Depending on the circumstances, the employee may be disciplined or even terminated from their job.The manager of Alpha, Inc. may also face disciplinary action if found to be negligent in their duties. The repercussions for the employer can be substantial, including costly fines and a negative impact on their reputation.The repercussions for the employee can also be serious, as they may need time off work to recover from their injuries. This can result in a loss of income and career opportunities.In conclusion, the safety of workers is of paramount importance. The manufacturer has a duty to ensure that their machines are safe for use. The management should listen to the concerns raised by their employees. If the management is negligent in their duties, they may face costly fines and a negative impact on their reputation. Similarly, if the employees are found to be in breach of their employee contract, they may be subject to disciplinary action or even termination.
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he following entry is taken from the journal of a merchandising company: 6,000 Cost of Goods Sold Merchandise Inventory 6,000 What is the effect of this entry on the company's financial statements? Multiple Choice Assets and stockholders' equity increase. Assets and liabilities increase. Assets and stockholders' equity decrease. Multiple Choice Ο Assets and stockholders' equity increase. Ο Assets and liabilities increase. Ο Assets and stockholders' equity decrease. Ο Assets decrease and stockholders' equity increases.
The entry records a transfer from Merchandise Inventory to Cost of Goods Sold, reducing the value of inventory (an asset) and consequently affecting the stockholders' equity through a decrease in net income. This journal entry's effect on the company's financial statements is Assets and stockholders' equity decrease.
The company's overall assets are decreased by lowering its merchandise inventory. Additionally, because COGS is an expense, it lowers the equity held by the company's stockholders.
The direct costs involved in producing or purchasing the goods sold by a company during a certain accounting period are represented by the cost of goods sold, a significant accounting metric. The cost of goods sold (COGS) is an expense that must be deducted from sales revenue in order to calculate a company's gross profit.
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num
9 chpy 16 pls abswer
The Cutting Department of Lasso Company has the following production and cost data for August. Production Costs 1. Started and completed 10,400 units. Beginning work in process 50 2 Started 2.200 unit
The cost of production of the completed units is $206,900. The cost of production of the goods still in process is $4,800.The cost per equivalent unit for direct materials is $14.30.The cost per equivalent unit for conversion costs is $9.30.
The cost of production of the completed units is $206,900 which is obtained by adding the total cost of production in the current period with the cost of beginning work in process inventory as shown below:
Direct materials cost $169,950
Conversion costs $55,000
Plus: Beginning work in process $28,950
Total production cost $253,900
Less: cost of units in work in process inventory $47,000
Total cost of units completed and transferred out $206,900
The cost of production of the goods still in process is $4,800.
This cost is the total of the direct material cost and the conversion costs of the incomplete units multiplied by the percentage of completion of the units. The calculation is shown below:
Direct material cost ($13.70 * 40%) $5.48
Conversion costs ($8.70 * 40%) $3.48
Total $8.96
Less: cost of units transferred out $4.16
Total cost of work in process inventory $4.80
The cost per equivalent unit for direct materials is $14.30.
This is the total cost of direct materials divided by the equivalent units produced.
Direct materials cost $169,950Divided by:
Equivalent units produced 11,900
Cost per equivalent unit $14.30
The cost per equivalent unit for conversion costs is $9.30. This is the total cost of conversion costs divided by the equivalent units produced.
Conversion costs $55,000
Divided by:
Equivalent units produced 5,900Cost per equivalent unit $9.30
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The Lakeside Company uses a weighted-average process costing system. The following data are available: Beginning inventory -0- Units started in production 30,000 Units finished during the period 24,000 Units in process at the end of the period (complete as to materials, 6,000 X complete as to labor and overhead) Cost of materials used $76,800 $49,400 Labor and overhead costs Total cost of the 6.000 units of the ending inventory: (Round intermediate calculations to two decimal places and round your final answer to the nearest whole dollar.)
The total cost of the 6,000 units of the ending inventory is $50,733.33.
In a weighted-average process costing system, the calculation of cost of goods sold and ending inventory involves averaging the cost per unit of beginning inventory and the cost of units started during the period. Based on the information provided, the total cost of materials used is $76,800 and the total cost of labor and overhead costs is $49,400, resulting in a total cost of $126,200. Dividing this total cost by the total units started and finished during the period (30,000 units), we get a cost per unit of $4.21. Using this cost per unit, we can calculate the cost of goods sold for the period as $100,980 (24,000 units finished x $4.21 per unit). To calculate the cost of the ending inventory, we need to account for the 6,000 units in process at the end of the period. Of these 6,000 units, we are told that 6,000 are complete as to materials and labor and overhead. Therefore, the cost of these 6,000 units is simply 6,000 units x $4.21 per unit for a total of $25,260.
However, this cost must be adjusted to account for the partially complete units in process at the end of the period. Since we are not given any information about the cost of the work done on these units, we cannot make any assumptions about their cost and therefore must exclude them from the calculation.
Therefore, the total cost of the 6,000 units of the ending inventory is $50,733.33 ($25,260 for the complete units plus an unknown amount for the partially complete units).
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The CONTROL management function includes: Multiple Choice Budget preparation. Set goals or objectives. Select a course of action to achieve the goals. Compare actual results with budgeted results. EIT
The control management function includes setting goals or objectives, selecting a course of action to achieve the goals, preparing budget, and comparing actual results with budgeted results.
In addition, it also involves the EIT, which stands for Evaluating Information Technology. Control management ensures that the company is heading in the right direction and helps keep it on track. It helps to make sure that all the goals are aligned with the objectives of the organization. In other words, control management helps to make sure that everyone in the company is working towards the same common goal.
It is a crucial function in management as it helps to maintain order, prevent deviation, and increase the chances of achieving the company’s objectives. Control management requires constant monitoring and making necessary adjustments to achieve the desired outcomes. It is an essential function that needs to be carried out throughout the management process.
Control management helps to provide the necessary feedback and is an integral part of management planning. The management function also helps to determine the success of a company and ensures that the company is able to adapt to changing situations.
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