The delay occurs when a work activity slows or stops an operation, the transportation of raw material, equipment, processes, or human labor.
1.
a. Idle Resource
b. Operation
c. Transportation
d. Delay
2.
a. Idle Resource
b. Operation
c. Transportation
d. Delay
3.
a. Idle Resource
b. Operation
c. Transportation
d. Delay
4.
a. Idle Resource
b. Operation
c. Transportation
d. Delay
Explanation:
1.
a. Idle Resource: This means that an asset or resource, either raw material, finished product, component, equipment, or machinery is not currently in use.
b. Operation: This is a value or non-value-added step, is an individual activity that leads to the making of a part, component, or product.
c. Transportation: This is the movement either a raw material is being moved from one location or workstation to another.
d. Delay: This occurs when a work activity slows or stops an operation, the transportation of raw material, equipment, processes, or human labor.
2.
a. Idle Resource: This means that an asset or resource, either raw material, finished product, component, equipment, or machinery is not currently in use.
b. Operation: This is a value or non-value-added step, is an individual activity that leads to the making of a part, component, or product.
c. Transportation: This is the movement either a raw material is being moved from one location or workstation to another.
d. Delay: This occurs when a work activity slows or stops an operation, the transportation of raw material, equipment, processes, or human labor.
3.
a. Idle Resource: This means that an asset or resource, either raw material, finished product, component, equipment, or machinery is not currently in use.
b. Operation: This is a value or non-value-added step, is an individual activity that leads to the making of a part, component, or product.
c. Transportation: This is the movement either a raw material is being moved from one location or workstation to another.
d. Delay: This occurs when a work activity slows or stops an operation, the transportation of raw material, equipment, processes, or human labor.
4.
a. Idle Resource: This means that an asset or resource, either raw material, finished product, component, equipment, or machinery is not currently in use.
b. Operation: This is a value or non-value-added step, is an individual activity that leads to the making of a part, component, or product.
c. Transportation: This is the movement either a raw material is being moved from one location or workstation to another.
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of the five-year period, Ybarra must pay the bond holders a balloon payment of $400,000. a. What would the issue price of the bonds be if the prevailing interest rate is: Round answers to the nearest whole number. (i) 4%$ (ii) 6%$ b. Compute the market price of these bonds on November 1, 2017 assuming that the prevailing market interest rate at that 8% Round answer to the nearest whole number. q
The issue price of the bonds with a prevailing interest rate of 6% would be approximately $311,434.
To calculate the issue price of the bonds, we can use the present value formula. The present value of the balloon payment can be calculated as the discounted value of the future payment.
a. Assuming the prevailing interest rate is:
(i) 4%
(ii) 6%
Let's calculate the issue price for each case:
(i) Prevailing interest rate of 4%:
To calculate the issue price, we need to discount the $400,000 balloon payment back to its present value using a 4% discount rate. Since the balloon payment is due after five years, we will discount it for five periods.
Issue price = $400,000 / (1 + 0.04)^5
Issue price ≈ $329,481
Therefore, the issue price of the bonds with a prevailing interest rate of 4% would be approximately $329,481.
(ii) Prevailing interest rate of 6%:
Using the same formula, we can calculate the issue price with a 6% discount rate.
Issue price = $400,000 / (1 + 0.06)^5
Issue price ≈ $311,434
b. To compute the market price of these bonds on November 1, 2017, assuming a prevailing market interest rate of 8%, we need to compare the coupon rate of the bond (which is not provided) with the prevailing market interest rate.
If the coupon rate is equal to the market interest rate of 8%, the bond will be priced at its face value, which is typically $1,000 or $1,000 per bond.
If the coupon rate is higher than 8%, the bond will be priced at a premium (above face value).
If the coupon rate is lower than 8%, the bond will be priced at a discount (below face value).
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what is the relationship between the interest rate paid on pass-through certificates and the interest on the loans in the pool?
The relationship between the interest rate paid on pass-through certificates and the interest on the loans in the pool is closely linked. Pass-through certificates are financial instruments that represent a proportionate share of the cash flows from a pool of underlying loans, such as mortgages.
The interest rate paid on pass-through certificates is typically derived from the interest rates on the loans in the pool. When a pool of loans is securitized and transformed into pass-through certificates, the interest rate paid on these certificates is usually based on a weighted average of the interest rates on the underlying loans.
For example, let's say a pool of loans consists of mortgages with varying interest rates, such as 3%, 4%, and 5%. If these loans are securitized and transformed into pass-through certificates, the interest rate paid on the certificates may be calculated as the weighted average of these rates. If the loans have equal principal amounts, the interest rate paid on the certificates may be the average of 3%, 4%, and 5%, which is 4%.
It's important to note that the interest rate on the loans in the pool may change over time due to various factors such as market conditions or borrower creditworthiness. As a result, the interest rate paid on the pass-through certificates may also change, reflecting the changes in the underlying loan interest rates.
Overall, the interest rate paid on pass-through certificates is directly influenced by the interest rates on the loans in the pool, as it represents the income generated from these loans. Any changes in the loan interest rates will have an impact on the interest rate paid on the certificates, making it important for investors to monitor the performance and characteristics of the underlying loans in the pool.
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A company currently pays a dividend of $3.8 per share (D 0
=$3.8), it is estimated that the company's dividend will grow at a rate of 22% per year for the next 2 years, and then at a constant rate of 7% thereafter. The company's stock has a beta of 1.2, the risk-free rate is 7.5%, and the market risk premium is 3.5\%. What is your estimate of the stock's current price? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.
The negative values show that the company's growth rate is not sustainable. Thus, we can conclude that the company's stock is not in a stable position currently. Therefore, we can't estimate the stock's current price.
Given that the current dividend per share of the company, D0 = $3.8 and it is expected to grow at a rate of 22% for the next two years and then grow at a constant rate of 7% thereafter. Also, the stock has a beta of 1.2, the risk-free rate is 7.5%, and the market risk premium is 3.5%.
To find the estimate of the stock's current price we will have to find out the cost of equity using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).The formula for CAPM is;
Ri = Rf + βi(Rm - Rf)
Where Ri is the cost of equity, Rf is the risk-free rate, βi is the stock's beta, and (Rm - Rf) is the market risk premium.
Substituting the values in the formula,
Ri = 0.075 + 1.2(0.035)
Ri = 0.075 + 0.042Ri = 0.117 or 11.7%
The cost of equity is 11.7%
Next, we will have to find out the dividend growth rate for the first two years using the following formula;
D1 = D0(1+g1)
Where D0 is the current dividend per share, D1 is the dividend per share after one year, and g1 is the dividend growth rate for the first year.
Substituting the values in the formula,
$4.676 = $3.80(1 + g1)1 + g1
= $4.676 / $3.80g1
= 23.89%
We get the dividend growth rate for the first year as 23.89%.
Using the same formula, we can find out the dividend growth rate for the second year.
D2 = D1(1+g2)
Where D2 is the dividend per share after two years, D1 is the dividend per share after one year, and g2 is the dividend growth rate for the second year.
Substituting the values in the formula,
$5.789 = $4.676(1 + g2)1 + g2
= $5.789 / $4.676g2
= 23.68%
We get the dividend growth rate for the second year as 23.68%.
Substituting the values in the formula,
D2 = $4.676(1+0.13233)
D2 = $5.334
Next, we will find the price of the stock using the new dividend value in the Dividend Discount Model.
P0 = D2 / (r - g)
Substituting the values in the formula,
P0 = $5.334 / (0.117 - 0.13233)
P0 = $5.334 / (-0.01533)
P0 = -$349.22
This is an absurd value. This is because the stock price can't be negative.
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"
Discuss the role of International Monetary System (IMS) and
International Financial System (IFS) in international business
(IB). Also explain the IMS and IFS tools to make the international
business
Through the provision of the necessary infrastructure and tools for cross-border economic transactions and financial stability, the International Monetary System (IMS) and International Financial System (IFS) play critical roles in supporting international commerce (IB).
The framework of laws, organisations, and practises that control global transactions and exchange rate agreements is known as the IMS. To enhance stability and ease trade and investment flows, it comprises measures like exchange rate systems (fixed or floating), currency convertibility, and international monetary cooperation (e.g., International Monetary Fund). The network of financial institutions, markets, and tools known as the IFS makes it possible to control risk, facilitate currency conversion, and facilitate cross-border capital flows. International banking, foreign exchange markets, international payment networks, hedging products (such futures and options), and global capital are important components of the IFS. markets that facilitate effective capital allocation and manage financial risks in cross-border corporate activities (e.g., bonds, stocks). In order to perform transactions, handle currency risks, access money, and ease international commerce and investment, these systems and technologies give international enterprises a solid foundation. This promotes economic integration and growth in the global market.
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Lewis Industries adopted a defined benefit pension plan on January 1, 2021. By making the provisions of the plan retroactive to prior years, Lewis incurred a prior service cost of $3 million. The prior service cost was funded immediately by a $3 million cash payment to the fund trustee on January 2, 2021. However, the cost is to be amortized (expensed) over 10 years. The service cost—$350,000 for 2021—is fully funded at the end of each year. Both the actuary's discount rate and the expected rate of return on plan assets were 11%. The actual rate of return on plan assets was 13%. At December 31, the trustee paid $30,000 to an employee who retired during 2021.
Lewis Industries adopted a defined benefit pension plan on January 1, 2021. By making the provisions of the plan retroactive to prior years, Lewis incurred a prior service cost of $3 million. The prior service cost was funded immediately by a $3 million cash payment to the fund trustee on January 2, 2021. However, the cost is to be amortized (expensed) over 10 years. The service cost—$350,000 for 2021—is fully funded at the end of each year. Both the actuary's discount rate and the expected rate of return on plan assets were 11%. The actual rate of return on plan assets was 13%. At December 31, the trustee paid $30,000 to an employee who retired during 2021
Lewis Industries adopted a defined benefit pension plan on January 1, 2021. By making the provisions of the plan retroactive to prior years, Lewis incurred a prior service cost of $3 million. However, the cost is to be amortized (expensed) over 10 years.
The prior service cost was funded immediately by a $3 million cash payment to the fund trustee on January 2, 2021. The company is going to amortize the amount of $3 million over 10 years, which means it will take $300,000 per year to expense the prior service cost. The service cost for 2021 is $350,000, which is fully funded at the end of the year. Both the actuary's discount rate and the expected rate of return on plan assets were 11%.
The actual rate of return on plan assets was 13%.At December 31, the trustee paid $30,000 to an employee who retired during 2021. So the information we have is:• Prior service cost = $3,000,000• Service cost = $350,000• Actual rate of return on plan assets = 13%• Discount rate = 11%.
What is a defined benefit pension plan?
A defined benefit pension plan is a retirement savings plan that offers employees a fixed amount of benefits during their retirement years. The employer or sponsor of the plan guarantees the employee a certain retirement income, and the employee contributes to the plan during their working years. The employer manages the plan's investments and assumes all the investment risks.
The prior service cost is an expense that the company incurs when it amends its pension plan to increase employee benefits retroactively to the date of hire. It means that the company is providing additional benefits to its employees and, therefore, must recognize the cost of providing those benefits.
What is the actual rate of return on plan assets?
The actual rate of return on plan assets is the return on investment that a pension fund earns on the plan assets. It is the actual percentage increase or decrease in the value of the plan's assets during the period.
The actual rate of return is compared with the expected rate of return to evaluate the plan's performance.
What is the discount rate?
The discount rate is the interest rate used to calculate the present value of future cash flows. It is also known as the required rate of return or hurdle rate. The discount rate reflects the risk of investing in the plan assets and is set by the actuary based on the plan's liabilities. In this case, the discount rate is 11%.
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William is a self-employed builder living in Wellington. On 1 January 2022, William inherited a generous sum of money from his grandmother. Some of this money was used to purchase real estate. The following activities were undertaken:
On 1 February 2022, William purchased a house in Kelburn to live in. The property cost $2,500,000. He lived in the house for 5 months and then rented it out when the adjoining neighbours commenced development of their section, as he found the construction noise unbearable. The tenants stayed for 1 year. William sold the house on 1 July 2023 for $2,700,000.
On 1 March 2022, William purchased a city apartment for his brother, Harry, to live in while he was studying at university in Wellington. The apartment cost $950,000 and William spent around $150,000 on a new bathroom and kitchen for the apartment. William undertook most of the labouring work himself, which he valued at $40,000. At the end of 2022, Harry decided not to continue with his university studies and moved to Las Vegas. The apartment is sold for $1,000,000 in January 2023.
William is a self-employed builder living in Wellington. On 1 January 2022, William inherited a generous sum of money from his grandmother.
Some of this money was used to purchase real estate.
He bought a house in Kelburn on 1 February 2022, for $2,500,000, to live in.
He lived there for 5 months and rented it out when the adjoining Neighbours commenced development of their section, as he found the construction noise unbearable.
The tenants stayed for 1 year.
William sold the house on 1 July 2023 for $2,700,000.
He also purchased a city apartment for his brother Harry,
who was studying at a university in Wellington, for $950,000 on 1 March 2022.
William spent around $150,000 on a new bathroom and kitchen for the apartment.
William undertook most of the labouring work himself, which he valued at $40,000.
Harry decided not to continue with his university studies and moved to Las Vegas at the end of 2022.
The apartment is sold for $1,000,000 in January 2023.
The transactions of the purchase of the Kelburn property and the city apartment are both subject to tax under the New Zealand Taxation Act, 2007.
The gain derived from the sale of the Kelburn house will be taxed as capital gains,
while the income derived from the renting of the Kelburn house and the sale of the city apartment will be taxed as income tax.
The income tax applies to all income derived by individuals, including those from self-employment, property, and investment income.
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what is the core customer value a customer might purchase when buying urban decay cosmetics?
The core customer value that a customer might purchase when buying Urban Decay Cosmetics is quality products that are cruelty-free.
Urban Decay is a well-known brand that was founded in 1996. It provides a wide range of cosmetics that offer distinct and bold color choices, which are meant to suit the needs of every individual and skin tone.
The company provides a variety of unique and attractive products to consumers, including eyeshadows, blushers, lipsticks, foundations, and primers, among others.
The core customer value that a customer might purchase when buying Urban Decay Cosmetics is quality products that are cruelty-free.
The company is a PETA-certified brand, which means that its products are cruelty-free. Urban Decay Cosmetics provides high-quality products that have been scientifically tested and approved.
As a result, consumers who purchase Urban Decay products can be certain that they are purchasing high-quality products that have been rigorously tested for safety.
Furthermore, Urban Decay Cosmetics recognizes that beauty products should be sustainable, which is why it uses recyclable and environmentally friendly packaging.
By purchasing Urban Decay Cosmetics, customers are making a positive contribution to the environment, while still enjoying high-quality cosmetics.
Therefore, the core customer value that a customer might purchase when buying Urban Decay Cosmetics is quality products that are cruelty-free.
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what is the purpose of grouping the different wastes according to their characteristics
The purpose of grouping different wastes according to their characteristics is to ensure proper and safe disposal of waste materials. Proper waste disposal is essential to prevent environmental and health hazards. Grouping wastes according to their characteristics also allows for efficient and cost-effective waste management practices. Here are some benefits of grouping wastes based on their characteristics:
1. Identifying hazardous wastes: Wastes that are considered hazardous to human health and the environment are classified based on their characteristics. Examples include corrosive, ignitable, reactive, and toxic wastes. By grouping these wastes together, proper disposal methods can be implemented to reduce potential risks.
2. Effective recycling: Grouping wastes according to their characteristics makes it easier to identify materials that can be recycled or reused. For instance, recyclable materials like paper, plastic, and metal can be grouped together to facilitate the recycling process.
3. Cost-effective waste management: By grouping similar wastes together, waste management facilities can reduce the cost of disposal. It also ensures that the proper disposal method is used, reducing the likelihood of damage to the environment.
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A classified balance sheet differs from an unclassified balance sheet in that Multiple Choice A classified balance sheet groups items into the broad categories of asset liability, and equity A classified balance sheet is not usually provided to outside parties A classified balance sheet will include more accounts than an unclassified balance sheet for the same company on the same date. A classified balance sheet is not usually provided to outside parties A classified balance sheet will include more accounts than an unciassified balance sheet for the same company on the same date A classified balance sheet classifies assets and liabilities as current (short-term) and noncurrent (long-term) An unclassified balance sheet is never used by large companies
A classified balance sheet classifies assets and liabilities as current (short-term) and noncurrent (long-term).
A classified balance sheet differs from an unclassified balance sheet by organizing and classifying assets and liabilities into current and noncurrent categories. This classification provides users of the financial statements with information about the expected timing of cash flows and the liquidity of the company's resources.
On the other hand, the options stating that a classified balance sheet is not usually provided to outside parties and that it includes more accounts than an unclassified balance sheet for the same company on the same date are incorrect.
Additionally, the statement suggesting that an unclassified balance sheet is never used by large companies is not accurate. While large companies typically use classified balance sheets to provide more detailed information, unclassified balance sheets can still be used in certain circumstances, especially for smaller businesses or for internal reporting purposes.
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A classified balance sheet groups items into the main categories of asset, liability, and equity, providing a more organized representation of a company's financial position.
Explanation:A classified balance sheet differs from an unclassified balance sheet in that it classifies assets and liabilities as current (short-term) and noncurrent (long-term). On the other hand, an unclassified balance sheet does not categorize assets and liabilities in the same way.
A classified balance sheet groups items into the broad categories of asset, liability, and equity. This allows for a more organized and detailed representation of a company's financial position.
Therefore, the correct option is: A classified balance sheet groups items into the broad categories of asset, liability, and equity.
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Which is the best performance measurement of a portfolio if the
portfolio makes up your entire investments?
Information ratio
Treynor measure
Sharpe measure
Jensen measure
The Sharpe Ratio serves as a valuable tool for evaluating the efficiency of a portfolio and assists investors in understanding the amount of return achieved per unit of risk assumed.
The Sharpe Ratio is a widely used performance measurement for assessing portfolios when they represent the entirety of an investor's investments. It calculates the ratio of portfolio returns over the risk-free rate divided by the portfolio's standard deviation. This ratio provides insights into the additional return earned per unit of risk undertaken by the investor.
The Sharpe Ratio evaluates the excess return of a portfolio relative to the risk-free rate, considering the level of risk involved. Its calculation involves dividing the portfolio's excess return by the standard deviation of its returns. In mathematical terms, the Sharpe Ratio is expressed as:
Sharpe Ratio = (Rp - Rf) / σp
Here, Rp represents the expected portfolio return, Rf denotes the risk-free rate, and σp symbolizes the standard deviation of the portfolio's return.
By utilizing the Sharpe Ratio, investors can effectively analyze the risk-return tradeoff of their portfolio. A higher Sharpe Ratio indicates that the portfolio has generated superior returns for the level of risk taken. On the other hand, a lower Sharpe Ratio suggests that the portfolio has generated comparatively lower returns in relation to the risk undertaken. Overall, the Sharpe Ratio serves as a valuable tool for evaluating the efficiency of a portfolio and assists investors in understanding the amount of return achieved per unit of risk assumed.
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Critically evaluate and explain: a. A firm in a perfectly competitive market should always shut when its marginal revenue is below its average cost (equivalent to average total cost).
b. The intersection of marginal revenue and marginal cost determines the quantity at which a business in a perfectly competitive market is profitable
a. A firm in a perfectly competitive market should not always shut down when its marginal revenue is below its average cost(equivalent to average total cost).
1. Calculate the average cost (AC) by dividing total cost by the quantity produced.
2. Compare the marginal revenue (MR) with the average cost (AC).
3. If the marginal revenue is greater than the average cost, the firm should continue operating.
4. If the marginal revenue is less than the average cost, consider additional factors such as fixed costs and long-term prospects before deciding to shut down.
5. Shutting down should be considered only if the firm cannot cover both variable and fixed costs with its total revenue.
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Explain why markups are usually computed as a percentage of
selling price rather than of cost.
Markups are usually computed as a percentage of selling price rather than of cost because it is more accurate and helps businesses maximize their profit. A markup is the difference between the cost of a product and its selling price.
When we compute a markup as a percentage of the selling price, it helps businesses make accurate decisions about pricing and profits. This is because the selling price is what customers pay for the product, and it determines how much money the business earns on each sale. By calculating the markup as a percentage of the selling price, businesses can set prices that are competitive and profitable, ensuring that they are making the most money possible. On the other hand, if we compute the markup as a percentage of the cost, we might underestimate the selling price, resulting in a lower profit margin for the business. This can cause problems for businesses as they may not earn enough profit to cover their expenses or make investments in the future. Therefore, computing markups as a percentage of the selling price helps businesses maximize their profits and stay competitive in the market.
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ABC is a company with 116,000 outstanding common shares in total, and each share currently is currently traded in the market with a price of $24. ABC also has outstanding bond and preferred shares. The outstanding bond has a total face value of $900,000 and market value of 105% of face value. Its preferred shares has a market price of $38 and total shares outstanding is 51,000. ABC’s cost of common equity, cost of preferred share and cost of debt are 12%, 9% and 8% respectively. What is the cost of capital for ABC? The company’s tax rate is 35%. A. 9.19% B. 12.60% C. 14.94% D. 9.84% E. 10.31%
Therefore, the correct cost of capital for ABC is approximately 12.514%, which corresponds to option B.
We must take into account the weights of each capital structure element, including common equity, preferred shares, and debt, in order to determine ABC's cost of capital. Each component's cost is divided by its share of the capital structure, and the weighted costs are then added together.
We first determine the weights:
Weight of common equity is calculated as follows: 116,000 / (116,000 + 51,000) = 0.694 Number of common shares / Number of outstanding shares
Weight of preferred shares is calculated as follows: 51,000 / (116,000 + 51,000) = 0.306 (Number of preferred shares / Total Shares Outstanding).
Weight of debt is equal to the market value of the outstanding bond divided by the sum of the market values of the outstanding bond, common stock, and preferred stock.
Bond's market value is equal to $900,000 * 1.05, or $945,000.
Common share number times price per share equals market value of common equity.
share = 116,000 * $24 = $2,784,000
The market value of preferred shares is calculated as follows: 51,000 preferred shares at a price of $38 per share.
$945,000 / ($945,000 + $2,784,000 + $1,938,000) = 0.179 is the weight of the debt.
The weighted costs are then determined:
Common equity weighted cost = Common equity weight * Common equity cost = 0.694 * 12% = 8.328%
Weighted cost of preferred shares is equal to Weight of preferred shares times Cost of preferred shares, which is equal to 0.306 times 9%, or 2.754%.
Weighted cost of debt is equal to Weight of debt times Cost of debt (0.179 times 8% equals 1.432%).
In order to determine the cost of capital, we add the weighted costs:
Cost of capital equals the sum of the weighted costs of common equity, preferred shares, and debt, which come to 8.328 percent, 2.75 percent, and 1.43 percent, respectively.
As a result, ABC's cost of capital is roughly 12.514%, which is equivalent to choice B.
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price takers
firms that take or accept the market price and have no ability to influence that price are known as:
Price takers are firms that accept the market price and lack the power to influence that price. Market prices, in a perfect market, are determined by the interactions between supply and demand. Because perfect competition is a theoretical ideal rather than a practical one, most businesses are not price-takers.
A price taker is a business that is too small to have a significant impact on the marketplace and must accept the current market price regardless of what it is. Price takers are usually too small to influence the market and lack the power to set prices.
As a result, they must adapt to the current market price and create their goods and services with that price in mind. Because prices fluctuate, businesses are often price-takers in certain industries.
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an effective sexual harassment program is one that is orally communicated to the employees. true false
False.
An effective sexual harassment program should not solely rely on oral communication to employees. While oral communication can be an important component of the program, it should be supplemented with comprehensive written materials and training sessions. Oral communication alone may not provide sufficient clarity, consistency, and documentation of the program's policies and procedures.
A well-designed sexual harassment program should include written policies and guidelines that clearly define what constitutes sexual harassment, provide examples of inappropriate behavior, outline reporting procedures, and explain the consequences for engaging in such behavior. These written materials can be distributed to employees, ensuring that everyone has access to the information and can refer back to it as needed.
Additionally, training sessions are crucial to educate employees about sexual harassment, its impact, and how to prevent and address it. Interactive training sessions can provide a platform for discussing scenarios, asking questions, and promoting a better understanding of the subject matter.
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consider a binomial economy with a stock with starting price of $50. each period the stock can go up 5% or drop 3%. an investment bank sells a european put option on the stock that matures after four periods and has a strike price of $45. interest rate per period is 2%. describe the steps to be taken by the investment bank in order to hedge the position (only at the moment the option is sold).
The steps to be taken by investment bank in order to hedge position are Calculate number of options to be sold, Calculate option's delta, Determine number of shares to be held and Rebalance hedge
To hedge the position, the investment bank needs to take certain steps to manage the risk associated with the sold European put option. Here are the steps to be taken:
Calculate the number of options to be sold: Determine the number of European put options to be sold based on the desired level of exposure and risk management.
Calculate the option's delta: Delta measures the sensitivity of the option's price to changes in the underlying stock price. Calculate the delta of the put option to determine the number of shares required for a delta-neutral hedge.
Determine the number of shares to be held: Multiply the delta of the put option by the number of options sold to calculate the number of shares required for the hedge. The delta of a put option is negative, so the investment bank needs to hold a positive number of shares.
Invest in risk-free assets: To offset the risk, the investment bank invests in risk-free assets, such as government bonds or Treasury bills, to earn a guaranteed return over the option's life. The amount invested in risk-free assets should be sufficient to cover the potential payoff of the put option.
Rebalance the hedge: Periodically monitor the stock price and adjust the hedge accordingly by buying or selling additional shares or risk-free assets to maintain a delta-neutral position.
By following these steps, the investment bank can hedge its position by neutralizing the potential losses from the sold put option, reducing its exposure to stock price fluctuations, and managing the overall risk of the portfolio.
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Juan Manuel Marquez, who is Manny Pacquiao's guardian, persuades/convinces him to buy some property from Danny Garcia at a very highly inflated price. Juan Manuel Marquez may be liable for
a. undue influence.
b. fraud.
c. duress.
d. mistake
The option (b) is correct. Juan Manuel Marquez, who is Manny Pacquiao's guardian, persuades/convinces him to buy some property from Danny Garcia at a very highly inflated price. Juan Manuel Marquez may be liable for fraud.
What is fraud?
Fraud is defined as the use of deliberate deceit for personal advantage. It's when one individual deceives or tricks another to achieve some personal advantage that they wouldn't have been able to get without the other's help.
Fraud involves the following essential components: false statements, made with an intention to deceive, and inducing reliance on the false statement by the person who hears it. The plaintiff must prove that the defendant intentionally or recklessly made a false statement that led to the plaintiff's injury in a fraud case.In this case, Juan Manuel Marquez, who is Manny Pacquiao's guardian, persuades or convinces him to buy some property from Danny Garcia at a very highly inflated price. Juan Manuel Marquez may be held accountable for fraud because he intentionally deceived Manny Pacquiao by convincing him to buy property at an extremely high price, causing Manny Pacquiao to suffer financial damage. Therefore, option (b) is correct.
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the tangible and intangible attributes of a product or service best describes: a. segmentation b. instrument c. channel d. brand
d. brand. The tangible and intangible attributes of a product or service are key elements that contribute to building a brand. A brand represents the overall perception, reputation, and identity of a product, service, or company in the minds of consumers.
Tangible attributes refer to the physical or measurable characteristics of a product or service, such as its features, packaging, quality, or price. These attributes can be easily observed and evaluated by consumers.
Intangible attributes, on the other hand, are non-physical qualities associated with a brand, including its reputation, emotional appeal, values, customer experience, and brand image. These attributes are more subjective and relate to the feelings, perceptions, and associations that consumers have with a brand.
Together, the tangible and intangible attributes of a product or service create a unique identity and value proposition that differentiate it from competitors, resonate with target consumers, and form the foundation of a brand. Effective branding helps in establishing customer loyalty, attracting new customers, and gaining a competitive advantage in the market.
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Answer the following two questions on advertising.
Explain the Dorfman-Steiner condition: how does the demand price elasticity affect the optimal level of advertising?
Two firms are competing on quantities. One firm decides to adopt persuasive advertising. Show on a graph the possible effects on the equilibrium.
The Dorfman-Steiner condition, named after economists Ronald Dorfman and Peter Steiner, specifies the degree of substitutability between advertising and the quality of a good or service.
The more substitutable the two are, the greater the demand price elasticity and the lower the optimal amount of advertising. A firm’s demand price elasticity measures the responsiveness of its customers to changes in its prices. When demand price elasticity is low, consumers are less sensitive to price changes, allowing the firm to raise prices without losing customers.
Conversely, when demand price elasticity is high, consumers are more sensitive to price changes, and the firm must lower its prices to remain competitive. The optimal level of advertising is dependent on a variety of factors, including the firm’s size, market share, and product differentiation, as well as the market environment and competition.
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when banking and business networks are attacked for the purpose of stealing money or intellectual property, this is called .
When banking and business networks are attacked for the purpose of stealing money or intellectual property, this is called cybercrime. Cybercrime refers to criminal that are carried out using computers and the internet. These attacks can target financial institutions, businesses, or individuals with the intention of gaining unauthorized access to sensitive information or funds.
There are several types of cybercrime that can be committed in these situations. One common form is phishing, where attackers use fraudulent emails or websites to trick victims into revealing their personal or financial information. Another method is malware, which involves infecting a network with malicious software that allows attackers to gain control and steal data.Cybercriminals may also employ ransomware, which encrypts files and demands a ransom for their release. Additionally, there are cases of insider threats, where employees or individuals with privileged access misuse their positions to steal valuable information or funds.
The consequences of cybercrime can be severe, leading to financial loss, reputational damage, and even legal consequences for the perpetrators. To combat these threats, organizations and individuals need to implement robust security measures, such as firewalls, antivirus software, and employee training on cybersecurity best practices.In conclusion, when banking and business networks are attacked for the purpose of stealing money or intellectual property, it is referred to as cybercrime. This involves various methods such as phishing, malware, ransomware, and insider threats. The impacts of cybercrime can be significant, making it crucial for organizations and individuals to prioritize cybersecurity.
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The McArthur Company produces special vacuum cleaners for conveniently cleaning the inside of cars. About a thousand of these, with stamped serial numbers, are produced every month and stored serially in a stockroom. Once a month an inspector does a quality control check on 50 of these. When he certifies them as to quality, the units are released from the stockroom for sale. The production and sales managers, however, are not satisfied with the quality control check since, quite often, many of the units sold are returned by customers because of various types of defects. What would be the most useful sampling plan to test the 50 units and why?
The most useful sampling plan would be random sampling. Random sampling involves randomly selecting 50 units from the stockroom for quality control checks.
The most useful sampling plan to test the 50 units would be a random sampling plan. Random sampling involves selecting items from the population in a completely random manner, without any specific criteria or bias. In this case, it means randomly selecting 50 vacuum cleaners from the stockroom for quality control checks.
Random sampling is beneficial because it provides an unbiased representation of the entire population. By randomly selecting the units, the sample is likely to be representative of the overall quality of the produced vacuum cleaners. This allows the inspectors to assess the quality of the entire batch based on a smaller sample size.
Using random sampling helps to ensure that the sample is not biased towards certain serial numbers or other factors that could potentially affect the quality. It provides a fair and objective evaluation of the overall quality control process and helps identify any issues or defects that may be present in the production line.
It's important to note that other sampling techniques, such as stratified sampling or systematic sampling, may also be considered depending on specific factors and objectives of the quality control process.
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You want to have a maximum payment of $1000. Use Goal Seek to find what the APR has to be to achieve a $1000 payment, without changing any of the other variables. Do not edit the APR cell after running Goal Seek.
Goal Seek in Excel is used to discover a value that would produce a specific outcome. By using Goal Seek, one can easily determine the value needed to achieve the desired results.
Here, the objective is to determine the APR needed to achieve a payment of $1000, without changing any of the other variables. The following are the required measures to complete the task:
To begin, go to the Data tab and select What-If Analysis and then Goal Seek.
Select the cell that has the payment figure you desire ($1000) as the “Set Cell.”
Select the APR cell (the cell that has the formula that calculates the APR) as the “To Value.” Excel will give you the option to alter the value to meet your needs. Press Enter once you’ve selected the values and click OK.
Now you can see the APR needed to achieve a payment of $1000, and you didn't have to modify any of the other variables.
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which of the following is not a valid theory that attempts to explain the shape of the term structure of interest rates?
The liquidity premium theory is not a valid theory that tries to describe the shape of the term structure of interest rates. A liquidity premium is a rate of return demanded by investors for purchasing assets that are deemed more illiquid than other investments with similar maturities.
It's typically based on the concept that investments with less liquidity are more vulnerable to changes in market conditions and may be more difficult to sell at a reasonable price. Theories that describe the shape of the term structure of interest rates include:
Expectations theory is a term structure theory that assumes that long-term interest rates reflect the expectations of future short-term interest rates and the relevant risk premiums over time.
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Which of the following costs should not be recorded as an expense?
Multiple Choice
Sales commissions
Insurance on factory building
Product shipping costs
Product advertising
The cost that should not be recorded as an expense is Insurance on factory building.The correct answer is option C.
Insurance on a factory building is a form of prepaid expense or a prepaid asset. Prepaid expenses are costs that are paid in advance but provide benefits over a period of time.
In the case of insurance on a factory building, the insurance coverage typically extends for a specific duration, such as a year. Instead of recording the entire insurance cost as an expense in the period when it is paid, it is more appropriate to allocate the cost over the period it covers.
This is done by creating a prepaid insurance asset account and gradually recognizing the expense over the duration of the insurance coverage.
Sales commissions, product shipping costs, and product advertising, on the other hand, are costs directly related to generating revenue or promoting the sale of products.
These costs are incurred in the process of earning revenue and should be recorded as expenses in the period in which they are incurred. Sales commissions are typically paid as a percentage of sales, product shipping costs are incurred to deliver the products to customers, and product advertising expenses are incurred to promote and market the products.
It is important to consult with an accounting professional or refer to the specific accounting standards applicable to your jurisdiction to ensure accurate and compliant accounting practices.
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Laker Company reported the following January purchases and sales data for its only product. The Company uses a perpetual inventory system For specific identification, ending inventory consists of 240 units from the January 30 purchase, 5 units from the January 20 purchase, and 15 units from beginning inventory Date Activities Units Acquired at Cost Units sold at Retail January 1 Beginning inventory 160 units $ 8.50 $ 1,360 January 10 Sales 120 unit $17.50 January 20 Purchase 300 units 5.7.50 January 25 120 units January 240 units $7.00 1,630 Totals 500 units $ 3,790 240 units 750 Sales Purchase The Company uses a periodic Inventory system For specific identification, ending inventory consists of 240 units from the January 30 purchase, 5 units from the January 20 purchase, and 15 units from beginning inventory. Determine the cost assigned to ending Inventory and to cost of goods sold using a specific identification, (b) weighted average (FIFO, and (UFO Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Weighted Specific Id FIFO LIFO Average Determine the cast assigned to ending inventory and to cost of goods sold using specific identification, For specific identification, ending Inventory consists o January 30 purchase, 5 units from the January 20 purchase, and 15 units from beginning inventory Specific Identification Cost of Goods Available for Sale Cost of Goods Sold Ending Inventory Cost of Goods of units of units Cost per # of units in Available for Cost of Goods Cost per unit Ending Sate sold unit Sold ending Inventory Inventory Beginning inventory Purchases January 20 January 30 Total Cost per uni Weighted Average >
The cost assigned to the ending inventory is $1,945, and the cost of goods sold is $2,145 using the weighted average method.
To determine the cost assigned to the ending inventory, we need to multiply the number of units in the ending inventory by their respective costs. Since the specific identification method is used for the ending inventory, we need to consider the costs from different purchases.
January 30 purchase: 230 units * $7.50 = $1,725
January 20 purchase: 5 units * $8.00 = $40
Beginning inventory: 20 units * $9.00 = $180
Cost assigned to the ending inventory = $1,725 + $40 + $180 = $1,945
Calculate the cost of goods sold:
Cost of goods sold = Total cost of goods available for sale - Cost assigned to the ending inventory
Cost of goods sold = $4,090 - $1,945 = $2,145
Therefore, the cost assigned to the ending inventory is $1,945, and the cost of goods sold using the weighted average method is $2,145.
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Westside Company purchased a plot of land 10 years ago for $1,000,000. Today, because of required hazardous waste cleanup costs, the land could be sold for only $250,000. Westside intends to sell the land within 12 months. Under GAAP, the land is listed on the firm's balance today at $100,000 $250,000 Both c and d $1,450,000 $775,000
Under GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles), the land owned by Westside Company would be listed on the firm's balance sheet today at $250,000. The correct option is B.
GAAP requires assets to be reported on the balance sheet at their fair value. In this case, the fair value of the land is determined to be $250,000, considering the current market conditions and the required hazardous waste cleanup costs.
This valuation reflects the amount that Westside Company could reasonably expect to receive if they were to sell the land today.
The initial purchase price of $1,000,000 made 10 years ago is not relevant for the current valuation under GAAP. Accounting standards focus on the current market value and economic conditions to provide users of financial statements with relevant and reliable information.
Therefore, the land would be listed on the balance sheet at $250,000, representing its fair value in light of the required hazardous waste cleanup costs. Hence, option B is correct.
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an auditor selected a product maintained in the finished goods warehouse. the auditor counted the product and compared this amount with the amount in the finished goods perpetual inventory subsidiary account. which asb balance assertion is the auditor most likely testing?
This audit procedure is essential to ensure that the company's financial statements accurately reflect the value of its finished goods inventory.
The auditor is most likely testing the accuracy assertion of the finished goods inventory.
In auditing, the accuracy assertion refers to the correctness and accuracy of the financial information presented in the company's financial statements. By counting the physical inventory and comparing it to the amount recorded in the finished goods perpetual inventory subsidiary account, the auditor is verifying whether the recorded inventory quantity is accurate and in agreement with the actual physical inventory on hand.
Any discrepancies found during the audit may indicate potential errors in recording, misstatements, or other issues related to inventory management and control.
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The calculation of the cost of capital (WACC) has several important quirks that are important to an acceptable calculation and evaluation of the cost of capital.
Two of the most important are adjustments to the WACC in the cost of debt based on the firm's tax rate and for the effect of growth (g) on the cost of equity. To that end, you need to appreciate where g is used in the component costs of capital formulas and how they affect the overall cost of capital.
Post an explanation of what would happen to a firm if the WACC calculation uses an estimate of growth estimated to be 4% instead of the actual rate of 8%. What would be the major effect on the firm seeking to obtain new capital given that mistaken growth estimate?
A firm's cost of capital is the cost of obtaining the funds required to operate the company.
The cost of capital is also the minimum amount of return required by investors to hold the stock or bond of a particular company. If a company uses an estimate of growth estimated to be 4% instead of the actual rate of 8% in the calculation of WACC (weighted average cost of capital), then it could have a significant effect on the company seeking to obtain new capital.
If the WACC calculation uses an estimate of growth that is lower than the actual rate of growth, then the company's overall cost of capital would be lower than it should be. This would make the company appear to be less risky than it actually is, which would result in lower costs of capital, such as a lower cost of debt or equity.
This would encourage the firm to invest in projects with lower returns than they should, which would lead to a decrease in the company's value. When estimating the cost of capital, the correct use of the expected growth rate is critical. The cost of equity and debt is influenced by the anticipated growth rate.
The cost of equity is greater when the anticipated growth rate is higher since investors require a larger return for the higher risk. In conclusion, an incorrect estimate of the growth rate might cause a firm to make investments with a lower return than predicted. As a result, the company's worth may decline.
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showery drugs is a pharmaceutical company based in detroit. showery drugs expects its employees to work long hours and achieve increased production rates. employees earn one and a half times the usual hourly rate for working more than 40 hours in one week. which law is showery drugs abiding by in this scenario?
Showery Drugs is abiding by the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) in this scenario.The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) is a federal law in the United States that establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, and child labor standards for employees.
It sets the standard for maximum working hours and overtime pay rates. According to the scenario, Showery Drugs expects its employees to work long hours and achieve increased production rates. This implies that some employees may work more than 40 hours in one week. The FLSA requires employers to pay their employees at a rate of one and a half times their usual hourly rate for working more than 40 hours in a workweek. This is known as overtime pay. By providing overtime pay to employees who work more than 40 hours in one week, Showery Drugs is abiding by the Fair Labor Standards Act. Showery Drugs is abiding by the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) in this scenario. The FLSA is a federal law that establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, and child labor standards for employees in the United States.
In the scenario given, Showery Drugs expects its employees to work long hours and achieve increased production rates. This implies that some employees may work more than 40 hours in one week. By offering employees one and a half times the usual hourly rate for working more than 40 hours, Showery Drugs is complying with the FLSA's requirement for overtime pay. The purpose of the FLSA is to ensure that employees are fairly compensated for the extra time and effort they put into their work when working beyond the standard 40-hour workweek. Overtime pay serves as an incentive for employers to limit excessive working hours and protect employees from being overworked without proper compensation.
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Problem 6-7 Calculating a Safe Credit Limit [LO6-3] Drew's monthly net income is $ 1,300 . What is the maximum he should use on monthly debt payments?
Problem 6-7: Calculating a Safe Credit Limit[LO6-3]Drew has a monthly net income of $ 1,300. What is the maximum amount he should use on monthly debt payments.It is crucial to calculate the safe credit limit because the credit limit is the amount that the lender gives the borrower.
which should not exceed a specified amount that the borrower can pay back with ease. This is why the safe credit limit helps the borrowers to avoid debts and only pay what they can manage. The maximum that Drew should use on monthly debt payments is 325 dollars.
To calculate the safe credit limit, we use the rule of 28/36. The rule of 28/36 says that a maximum of 28% of gross monthly income should be used to pay all household expenses, including mortgage, taxes, and insurance. Additionally, no more than 36% of the gross monthly income should be used to pay all household expenses, including the monthly debt payments. Thus, if Drew wants to determine the maximum monthly amount he should use to pay for his debt, we apply the rule of 28/36.We begin by finding the amount he should use for all his household expenses:[tex]$1,300 x 0.28 = $364.[/tex]
The maximum Drew should use to pay all household expenses, including mortgage, taxes, and insurance, is $364. We now apply the rule of 36%, which states that Drew's total monthly debt payment should not exceed:[tex]$1,300 x 0.36 = $468[/tex] It is important to note that Drew's monthly debt payment should not be higher than $468. We can now calculate the maximum amount he should use to pay for his debt by subtracting his household expenses from the total amount he should use to pay for both his household expenses and monthly debt payments:[tex]$468 - $364 = $104[/tex]Thus, Drew's maximum monthly debt payment should not exceed $104, and he should pay no more than $325 to stay within the 28/36 rule.
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