On a baby who is 36 hours old, the nurse has gotten a total bilirubin laboratory report with a value of 14 mg/dl; the action that the nurse should do is to order phototherapy for the infant's pathological jaundice.
What does phototherapy serve as?
It may help treat skin conditions brought on by immune system reactions. Several skin conditions are treated using phototherapy, including the following: Psoriasis is a skin ailment that causes red, silvery, and scaly patches of skin. Itchy, red skin is a symptom of the allergic dermatitis known as eczema.
What organs are treated by phototherapy?
Despite the fact that injury to the gonads during phototherapy is unlikely due to the brief exposure time and the skin's protection of the subcutaneous tissue, in most cases.
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a client with an infected ulcer on the foot has been prescribed daptomycin. what action should the nurse ensure has been taken to determine that the drug will be effective in treating the infection?
The drug will be effective in treating the infection Obtain a culture of the client's infection.
What is drug in a simple definition?Anything (apart from food) which is used to cure or relieve the symptoms of an illness or other abnormal state. Drugs may alter mood, consciousness, emotions, feelings, or behavior in addition to having an impact on how the mind and the rest of body function.
What impact do drugs have on the brain?Drugs have an impact on how neurons send, receive, and process signals using neurotransmitter. Some drugs, including heroin and cannabis, have the ability to activate cells because their chemical structures are comparable to those of the body's natural neurotransmitters. This makes it possible for the drugs to attach to and activate the neurons.
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a client is admitted to the emergency department with a migraine headache unrelieved with current prescribed medications. the nurse administers prescribed ketorolac tromethamine 30 mg iv and metoclopramide 10 mg iv, and the client suddenly develops involuntary movement of upper limbs, facial grimacing, sticking out the tongue rhythmically, contractures of the neck and head to one side in a twisting motion, and rapid involuntary spasms of eyelids. which action would the nurse implement first?
The action the nurse should implement first is to receive order for diphenhydramine and administer.
What causes migraines most frequently?
Although the precise cause of migraines is unknown, it is believed that they are a temporary side effect of irregular brain activity that affects the brain's blood vessels, chemicals, and nerve signals.
How do headaches feel?
Typically, a severe headache on one side of the head is the primary sign of a migraine. The pain is typically a moderate to severe throbbing sensation that worsens with movement and keeps you from performing daily tasks. Your face or neck may also be affected, and in rare circumstances, the discomfort may spread to both sides of your head.
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a client diagnosed with arthritis doesn't want to take medications. physical therapy and occupational therapy have been consulted for nonpharmacologic measures to control pain. what might physical and occupational therapy include in the care plan to help control this client's pain?
Methotrexate is usually the first medicine given for rheumatoid arthritis, often with another DMARD and a short course of steroids (corticosteroids) to relieve any pain. These may be combined with biological treatments.
What is physical therapy and occupational therapy ?Standing, walking, and moving various body parts are all examples of functional movements that can be restored through physical therapy. Medical conditions or injuries that cause pain, movement dysfunction, or restricted mobility may be successfully treated with physical therapy.
The use of routine daily activities with individuals, groups, or populations (clients) for therapeutic purposes in order to support occupational performance and participation is referred to as occupational therapy.
Physical therapy and occupational therapy are fundamentally different from one another in that physical therapy focuses on enhancing the patient's ability to move their body, whereas occupational therapy focuses on enhancing the patient's capacity to carry out activities of daily living.
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while performing an assessment on an adult patient, the nurse notes 2 peripheral edema, weight gain of 2.8 lb in last 24 hours, and jugular veins distention, which condition will the nurse
The nurse would suspect congestive heart failure: Heart attack.
Heart Attack signs
Due to the heart's diminished ability to pump blood, a patient with heart failure has a lower cardiac output. Dyspnea, dependent edema, hepatomegaly, crackles, and jugular vein distention are brought on by a fluid buildup. A pulmonary embolism patient has fever, hemoptysis, pleuritic chest discomfort, and acute shortness of breath. Hypotension, increased central venous pressure, and muffled heart sounds are all symptoms of cardiac tamponade in patients. Dyspnea, jugular vein distention, a deviated trachea, and the absence of breath sounds on the affected side are all symptoms of tension pneumothorax in a patient.
A indication of increased fluid volume and worsening heart failure is peripheral edema. Captopril side effects include a skin rash, dry cough, and postural hypotension, but they don't necessarily mean the treatment is ineffective.
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the nurse in a labor room is performing a vaginal assessment on a pregnant client in labor. the nurse notes the presence of the umbilical cord protruding from the vagina. what is the first nursing action with this finding?
The nurse in a labor room is performing a vaginal assessment on a pregnant client in labor. the nurse notes the presence of the umbilical cord protruding from the vagina Wrapping the cord loosely in a sterile cloth that has been dampened with warm, sterile normal saline is the proper nursing activity.
Foetal heart rate monitoring affects the lives of millions umbilical cord of expectant mothers and newborns annually in the United States alone. All members of the obstetric team, including nurses, students, midwives, and doctors, employ the primary method to measure foetal oxygenation in both the antepartum and intrapartum environment. To improve outcomes and advance patient safety, accurate foetal heart rate monitoring use and interpretation are crucial to daily obstetric practice.
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a client is asking about dietary modifications to counteract the long-term effects of prednisone. what is the most appropriate information for the nurse to give the client?
Increased risk of infections, especially those caused by typical bacterial, viral, and fungal species.
What medications should not be taken with prednisone?Patients who have a history of documented medication or formulation hypersensitivity should not take prednisone. Systemic fungi infections are a contraindication to the administration of prednisone.
When taking prednisolone, what should I avoid?While using steroid tablets, you can often consume alcohol. However, avoid drinking excessive amounts as this may aggravate your stomach. The majority of foods are safe to eat while taking steroid tablets. However, avoid consuming liquorice while taking prednisolone as this may cause your blood levels to rise.
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a nursing instructor has finished teaching about sulfonamides. the instructor determines the students have grasped the basics by articulating which factors concerning this drug class? select all that apply.
The students have grasped the basics by articulating Sore throat and cough concerning this drug class
What precautions to be taken while taking Sulfonamide ?A full glass (8 ounces) of water is recommended when taking sulfonamides. Unless your doctor instructs you otherwise, you should drink several additional glasses of water each day. Some of the negative effects of sulfonamides can be avoided by drinking more water.
High levels of some other medications in this class, such as sulfapyridine, can sporadically result in agranulocytosis and leukopenia in some patients. This may be another reason to monitor your therapy. HPLC is the technique that is most frequently used to measure sulfonamides, either by itself or in conjunction with trimethoprim.
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an older female client with rheumatoid arthritis is complaining of severe joint pain that is caused by the weight of the linen on her legs. what action should the nurse implement first?
The nurse should drape the linens over the footboard of the bed rather than tucking them beneath the mattress, which can generate pressure that the client may perceive as the source of her pain. This will first address the client's concern regarding the linens.
What is the main cause of rheumatoid arthritis?
Due to the immune system's attack on healthy human tissue, rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease. But the cause of this is not yet understood. In order to fight infection, your immune system often produces antibodies that target viruses and bacteria.
Hand, wrist, and knee joints are frequently impacted by RA. Joint tissue is harmed in an RA-affected joint because of the inflammation of the joint lining. Long-lasting or persistent pain, unsteadiness (loss of balance), and deformity can all result from this tissue damage (misshapenness).
Hence, the answer is the nurse should drape the linens over the footboard of the bed rather than tucking them beneath the mattress.
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a client with left-sided weakness is learning how to use a cane. the nurse would demonstrate proper use of the cane by holding it where?
You should move past the cane with the stronger leg. A client who is learning to use a quad cane and has left-sided weakness is receiving reinforcement from a nurse.
On the left side of your weakness, how would you utilize a cane?Grip the cane on the side that is opposite the weak or sore limb while using one to support it. If your right hip hurts, for example, hold the cane with your left hand. If you want a little help with stability and balance, hold the cane in the hand you use the least.
How should a patient with left-sided weakness be moved around?Place yourself slightly behind and on the client's weaker side. Keep a hand at the client's waist for quick access. Hold the upper arm of the client who is closest to you with your other arm. If the client starts to slouch, you are in an excellent position to help the client get to the floor by supporting them.
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what are some nutritional problems experienced by infants that are born before 37 weeks' gestation? multiple select question. insufficient iron and calcium stores decreased metabolic rate insufficient fat poor ability to suck and swallow
The nutritional problems experienced by infants that are born before 37 weeks gestation are insufficient iron and calcium stores, insufficient fat, and poor ability to suck and swallow.
Poor diets deficient in essential nutrients during pregnancy, such as iodine, iron, folate, calcium, and zinc, can result in anemia, pre-eclampsia, hemorrhage, and mortality in mothers. They can also result in a stillbirth, a low birthweight, wasting, and problems in a child's development.
Early physical growth and development should be supported nutritionally because they lay the groundwork for a long, healthy life.
Infants have the capacity to digest and assimilate nutrients from human milk or formula from birth. The digestive tract develops during infancy such that by the end of the first year, a range of meals can be consumed.
Individual nutrient and energy requirements correspond to the rapid growth requirements for food, fuel, and basic metabolism.
The feeding patterns of infants follow a specific developmental pattern.
The developing infant's oral anatomy and function are determined by eating skills and appropriate textures of food.
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the nurse is caring for a client with an amputated limb. the client reports a severe burning sensation in the amputated limb and is asking for medication to help. which medication, if prescribed, should the nurse administer?
Phantom pain A type of neuropathic pain that frequently persists for days, weeks, or even months after its original cause has been treated, the nurse should label the pain as phantom pain in the patient's medical
How painful does phantom pain?Mild to severe phantom limb discomfort might continue for a few seconds, a few hours, a few days, or longer. It might happen following a surgical removal (removing part of a limb with surgery). It may also occur if you lose a finger, toe, or other body part due to an accidently amputated limb. It is possible to control phantom pain.
What causes phantom pain?It is still unclear what is responsible for most phantom pain. However, some professionals tend to think that phantom pain was psychological. It is also believed to result from conflicting messages coming from your head or spinal cord. This happens when the nerves in the affected area of your spinal cord and brain stop sending impulses as a result of the detachment.
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a patient is hospitalized with a severe case of gout. the patient has gross swelling of the large toe and rates pain a 10 out of 10. with a diagnosis of gout, what should the laboratory results reveal?
Uric acid levels should be under 6.8 mg/dL. Hyperuricemia refers to a high uric acid level (over 6.8 mg/dL). Gout, a condition marked by painful joints that gather urate crystals, may result from this.
What stages of gout are there?Gout manifests itself in three stages: flare-up, intercritical, and tophaceous. acute gout — Initial gout flares typically affect just one joint, most frequently the knee or big toe. Over time, flares may start to affect several joints at once and come with a fever.
You frequently experience joint swelling if you have persistent gout. Joint injury, deformity, and stiffness can be permanently caused by chronic inflammation and tophi. the most severe forms of persistent gout.
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an 81-year-old man with dementia and advanced osteoarthritis has been placed in an extended-care facility. in light of this man's rheumatoid disorder and the need to preserve his current level of mobility, how should the nurse at the facility best position him in bed before he retires each night?
The nurse at the facility best position him in bed before he retires each night by keeping Flat, with his feet positioned against a footboard
What is osteoarthritis ?A degenerative joint disease called osteoarthritis causes the tissues inside the joint to deteriorate over time. It is the most prevalent form of arthritis, and older people are more likely to develop it. Osteoarthritis patients typically experience joint pain and temporary stiffness following periods of inactivity or rest.
The main treatments for osteoarthritis symptoms include painkillers and lifestyle changes like maintaining a healthy weight and exercising regularly. supportive therapies to help ease the burden of daily tasks
There is no known cause of primary osteoarthritis. Another illness, an infection, an injury, or a deformity can all be secondary causes of osteoarthritis. The breakdown of joint cartilage is the initial stage of osteoarthritis. The ends of the bones may thicken as the cartilage deteriorates and develop bony growths.
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a client who underwent surgery feels pain in the lower abdomen. the nurse provides pain relief, but the client is still reporting pain. which actions of the nurse would help the client - get relief? select all that apply. one, some, or all responses may be correct.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) are frequently used by themselves to treat mild to moderate pain because they reduce swelling and discomfort. NSAIDs and opioids are frequently used to treat moderate to severe post-operative pain.
What is the most typical method of managing chronic pain?Chronic pain medical therapy, including medication management: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, and acetaminophen are examples of OTC medications. Stronger pain relief than that offered by aspirin may need the use of prescription painkillers, including opioids.
The duration of chronic discomfort is greater. It might be continuous or sporadic. For instance, even if the pain isn't constantly present, headaches that last for several months or years might be categorised as chronic pain. Arthritis is one health issue that frequently causes chronic pain.
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after observing the client, which instruction by the nurse is most important for client teaching? (select all that apply.)
Between each pill, allow at least five minutes. prior to taking a second drug, one should wait at least five minutes.
What objectives does client teaching serve?
Patient education programs' main objective is to bring about long-lasting behavioral changes by arming patients with the information they need to make their own decisions, better their own outcomes, and take as much control of their own care as possible.
What are the four patient education steps?
The recommendations are based on APIE (assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation), which is the acronym for the patient education process (Bastable, 2017). Effective patient education requires each component to function properly. No part can be omitted or given less consideration.
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which routes of promotion would include health care workers talking to patients about controlling high blood pressure with medicines
Health care professionals could engage in personal selling by discussing medication-assisted high blood pressure management with patients.
Which of the following marketing tactics involves letting customers know the product still exists?Making adverts that serve as a reminder to your audience that your product or service is available is known as reminder advertising. In contrast to other forms of advertising, you won't try to educate or persuade your audience when using this strategy.
What does it mean when you talk about how many parts or activities make up the intervention?multiplicity. refers to the quantity of the intervention's parts or actions.
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the nurse is assessing a client with decreased dexterity of the hands related to rheumatoid arthritis. the nurse knows that which process causes joint deformities?
This can show up as having trouble using your fingers, having less dexterity in your hands, or being unable to bend or straighten your affected joints.
How can muscle weakness result from rheumatoid arthritis?Patients with rheumatoid arthritis frequently complain of muscle weakness (RA). The underlying processes of muscular weakness linked to rheumatoid arthritis include intrinsic muscle weakness, which is significant. Muscle weakness brought on by RA is attributed to increased Ca2+ release and stress caused by peroxynitrite.
Does arthritic hand dexterity suffer?Subjects with arthritis frequently have impaired hand function, which has an impact on everyday activities and quality of life [1,2]. Early on in the disease's progression, hand function is reduced [3], and the diminished strength and dexterity hinder a variety of daily activities [4].
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a 35-year-old primigravida client with severe preeclampsia is receiving magnesium sulfate via continuous iv infusion. which assessment data would indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing magnesium sulfate toxicity?
The nurse that the client is experiencing magnesium sulfate toxicity Urine output 90mL / 4 hours.
What sort of work are nurses supposed to perform?Registered nurses (RNs) manage and perform medical treatment, inform the public about various health issues, and provide patients and their families with emotional support. The majority of registered nurses collaborate with doctors and other health care providers in a variety of situations.
Can a nurse perform the task?Several surgical post-operative therapeutic responsibilities are under their purview. In the case of obstetrics, pediatric surgery, or cardiac surgery, many surgical nursing professionals opt to concentrate in that specific field.
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the nurse is preparing to perform an examination of the abdomen of a 23-year-old client admitted 3 days ago with gastroenteritis. what sequence of techniques will the nurse use to assess the abdomen of this client?
The sequence of techniques will the nurse use to assess the abdomen of this client is: Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
What is gastroenteritis ?Watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, and other signs and symptoms of viral gastroenteritis are all intestinal infections.
Usually, a bacterial or viral stomach virus is at blame. Although it affects people of all ages, small children are most susceptible. A virus called rotavirus is to blame for the majority of illnesses in children. Norovirus, also known as the "winter vomiting bug," or bacterial food poisoning are typically to blame for cases in adults.
The typical duration of gastroenteritis symptoms is 1 to 2 days, however they can occasionally continue up to 10 days.
Viral gastroenteritis is generally not dangerous. However, if viral gastroenteritis causes dehydration, it can turn dangerous.
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the nurse is preparing a client for a surgical procedure that will allow visualization of the extent of joint damage of the knee for a client with rheumatoid arthritis and also obtain a sample of synovial fluid. what procedure will the nurse prepare the client for?
The nurse will prepare the client for an arthrocentesis.
What do you mean by Arthrocentesis?
Arthrocentesis is a medical procedure used to diagnose and treat joint diseases such as arthritis. It involves the insertion of a needle into the joint space to remove fluid for analysis and to inject medications. The procedure is done under local anaesthetic, and can be used to reduce inflammation and improve joint mobility.
This procedure that the nurse will prepare for involves inserting a needle into the joint to remove a small sample of synovial fluid and also to allow visualization of the extent of joint damage.
What is Rheumatoid arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune illness that causes joint inflammation. It occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, causing pain, swelling, and stiffness. This can eventually lead to joint damage, resulting in loss of function and mobility. Treatment typically includes medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.
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a nurse is conducting grief resolution for a client who lost his wife in a motor vehicle accident in which he was the driver. which interventions best accomplish this goal? select all that apply.
Interventions that are best suitable for the given statement are:
1. Listen to expressions of grief.
2. Include significant others in discussions and decisions as appropriate.
3. Communicate acceptance of discussing the loss.
Loss & Grief:
All people will suffer grief and loss at some point in their lives. The absence of something that was valued constitutes a loss, whether genuine or perceived. Others can recognize and confirm an actual loss, but they cannot confirm a perceived loss. To the person who has lost a loved one, both are genuine. Grief is the internal component of a loss; it is a set of emotional reactions to a loss. Nurses may have personal experience with this or act as a support system for patients and their families who are grieving and losing a loved one. Although there are common stages of mourning that people go through, each person's experience is unique.
Although the emotion of loss is frequently linked to the loss of a loved one, there are other occasions when it may occur. When a substantial change occurs, such as the loss of a job, a function, a limb, a pet, the perception of losing control, or the death of a loved one, people may feel grief and a sense of loss. The nurse's responsibility is to give the patient and their loved one’s compassionate care, which will vary from person to person. To be able to offer the best care to those going through grief, the nurse must also maintain emotional resilience.
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mrs. chan was diagnosed with alzheimer's disease 10 years ago. she is now 98 years old, confused, and needing help with activities of daily living. one day, she develops pneumonia, which is deliberately not treated. this might be termed a case of:
intentionally not treated. It could be said that in this instance, a patient was intentionally allowed to die by not receiving artificial life support, such as a ventilator or feeding tube.
Why might passive euthanasia be preferable?The key distinction between passive and active euthanasia is that the doctor does nothing to hasten the patient's demise in the latter. The patient dies from whatever illnesses he already has because the doctor does nothing.
Why does passive euthanasia unjustified?The so-called practice of passive euthanasia is omitted. Therefore, passive euthanasia cannot actually be euthanasia because it cannot result in death. A fundamental weakness exists in the causation argument as well. The broad assertion at the center of the argument—that omissions cannot be causes—appears to be false, which is most essential.
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which postoperative complications can be reduced by appropriate client teaching about deep-breathing exercises? select all that apply.
In order to avoid postoperative problems like low oxygen levels, secretion buildup, and atelectasis, deep breathing exercises are recommended.
What is the typical oxygen level by age?Both adults and children are believed to have oxygen saturation levels (SpO2) between 95% and 100% to be normal; anything below is thought to be abnormal. Oxygen levels may be closer to 95% in those over the age of 70. For both adults and children, the range of the normal oxygen saturation (SpO2) is 95 to 100%.
How low an oxygen level is dangerous?As hypoxia, a condition in which insufficient oxygen reaches the body's tissues, may be present, people should seek medical attention if their oxygen saturation measurements fall below 92%. Speak with a doctor right away if your blood oxygen saturation levels drop to 88% or below.
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a client receiving antiretroviral therapy reports ""not urinating enough."" what is the nurse’s best action?
Nurse can encourage the client to drink more fluids an administer fluids 100 mL/hour.
“Antiretroviral therapy” refers to any HIV treatment that uses a combination of two or more drugs. A healthcare professional may prescribe at least three drugs to improve the likelihood of success.
For people with HIV, antiretroviral therapy, sometimes called ART, is an important part of managing the infection, supporting health, and maintaining or improving the quality of life.
These medications keep the amount of the virus in the blood at a low or undetectable level. When the virus is undetectable it cannot infect others.
The use of three-drug antiretroviral treatment marked a turning point, at which a diagnosis with a very poor outlook became a manageable health condition.
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the nurse is providing passive range of motion (rom) exercises to the hip and knee for a client who is unconscious. after supporting the client's knee with one hand, what action should the nurse take next?
Hold the client's heel, justification. Exercises are performed to preserve the joint's functioning connective tissue, ensuring that each joint continues to function and move freely.
Supporting the ankle and knee joints (D) while gently moving your limb in a steady, smooth, firm yet mild motion provides passive ROM training again for hip and knee. To protect both the nurse and the client from harm, (A) should be completed before the exercise are started. After both joints have been supported, step (B) is performed. After the knee has been bent, it is moved twice or three times from the point of restriction (C) toward the chest. As soon as practical following immobility due to illness, accident, or surgery, ROM exercises—both passive and active—are devised and executed. Exercises are performed to preserve the joint's functioning connective tissue, ensuring that each joint is protected from damage.
(The nurse is providing passive range of motion (ROM) exercises to the hip and knee for a client who is unconscious.
After supporting the client's knee with one hand, what action should the nurse take next?
Raise the bed to a comfortable working level.
Bend the client's knee.
Move the knee toward the chest as far as it will go.
Cradle the client's heel.)
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the nurse is teaching a client about a sodium-restricted diet. which foods should the nurse encourage the client to consume? select all that apply. one, some, or all responses may be correct.
The nurse compiles a list of suggested items for just a client having hypertension who is starting a diet with only 2 grams of sodium. Certain foods ought to be included.
What impacts the body does salt have?A little quantity of sodium is needed by the human body to convey nerve impulses, contract or relax muscles, and keep the right ratio of water and minerals. We are thought to require 500 mg of salt everyday for these essential processes.
Which foods contain a lot of sodium?Sodium-Rich Foods
Meat, fish, or poultry that has been smoked, cured, salted, or canned, such as bacon, cold meats, ham, frankfurters, sausages, sardines, caviar, and anchovies.frozen meals like pizza and burritos that have been breaded.meals made from cans, such as ravioli, spam, and chili.seasoned nutsBeansTo know more about Sodium visit:
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what should the nurse include in the teaching plan for a client with peripheral arterial disease (pad) to promote vasodilation? select all that apply.
To avoid swelling, raise your legs above the level of your heart.
What lessons should a client with peripheral vascular disease learn from the nurse?Patients with peripheral vascular disease should elevate their lower extremities above heart level to help return blood to the heart and reduce swelling and pain. They should also avoid crossing their legs or sitting with their knees bent for extended periods of time because these actions restrict blood flow.
What type of action is crucial for managing peripheral artery disease?modifications in way of life. If you've been diagnosed with PAD, the two most significant lifestyle adjustments you can make are increasing your exercise routine and, if you smoke, quitting.
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A client has been diagnosed with cancer that was a result of dysfunctional apoptosis. The health care provider explains the process to the multidisciplinary client care team. Select the best explanation.It allows for DNA-damaged cells to survive.
Explanation: Apoptosis is considered a normal cellular response to DNA damage; loss of normal apoptotic pathways may contribute to cancer by enabling DNA-damaged cells to survive.
Apoptosis is thought to be a typical cellular response to DNA damage; its absence may cause cancer by allowing DNA damage cells to live longer.
Apoptosis is one kind of programmed cell death (PCD). Defective apoptosis is a crucial contributor to the growth of cancer because it prolongs the survival of cancer cells and encourages the accumulation of oncogenic mutations.
Cells may fail to die when provoked due to molecular defects in the apoptosis pathway or in its regulatory systems because cell death by apoptosis is performed through complicated interactions between several molecular components.
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the spouse of a client who had a cerebrovascular accident seems unable to accept the goal that the client will participate in self-care. which response would the nurse make?
The client is unable to distinguish between heat or cold and strong or dull sensory stimulation following a cerebrovascular accident, often known as a brain attack. The same self-care practices are crucial whether one is focusing on prevention or management.
What occurs when there is a cerebrovascular accident?A stroke occurs when blood flow to a portion of the brain is cut off. Blood cannot provide your brain cells with the oxygen and nutrients they require, and they begin to perish within a few minutes. This may result in death, long-term incapacity, or permanent brain damage.
What contributes most frequently to cerebrovascular accidents?Two key factors contribute to stroke: an artery that is clogged (ischemic stroke) or a blood vessel that is leaking or bursts (hemorrhagic stroke) Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), which are brief interruptions in blood supply to the brain that don't persist long, can occur in some persons.
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a client is seen in the emergency room reporting sharp chest pain that started abruptly. he says it has radiated to his neck and abdomen. he also states that it is worse when he takes a deep breath or swallows. he tells the nurse that when he sits up and leans forward the pain is better. upon examination the nurse notes a pericardial friction rub and some ekg changes. which disease should the nurse suspect this client to have?
Upon examination the nurse notes a pericardial friction rub and some EKG changes so disease which the nurse should suspect this client to have is pericarditis.
Pericarditis is swelling and irritation of the skinny, pouchlike tissue close the guts (pericardium). carditis usually causes sharp pain. The pain happens once the irritated layers of the serous membrane rub against one another. It is typically gentle and goes away while not treatment.
A pericardial friction rub is a grating, to-and-fro sound made by friction of the guts against the pericardium. This sounds just like sandpaper rubbed on wood. Such a sound sometimes indicates carditis. The intensity of the rub varies with the section of the oscillation instead of the metabolism cycle.
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