The term that refers to any oral or written words outside the four corners of a written contract is "parole evidence." Parole evidence is any information, agreement,
or understanding that is not included within the written contract itself. This can include verbal discussions, prior negotiations, or additional written materials exchanged by the parties involved in the contract.
The purpose of the parole evidence rule is to uphold the integrity and finality of written contracts. It ensures that parties to a contract cannot later claim additional terms or conditions that were not explicitly written into the contract.
The rule assumes that the written contract represents the complete and final agreement between the parties, and any outside evidence is generally not admissible in court to alter or contradict the terms of the contract.
However, there are some exceptions to the parole evidence rule, such as instances of fraud, mistake, or duress. In these cases, courts may consider outside evidence
to determine the true intent and understanding of the parties involved in the contract. But generally, parole evidence is not admissible when a contract is clear, complete, and unambiguous.
In summary, the term that refers to any oral or written words outside the four corners of a written contract is "parole evidence."
This rule helps maintain the integrity and finality of written agreements by not allowing outside evidence to alter or contradict the terms within the contract, with certain exceptions.
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premium paper products (ppp) is the only employer in the small town of gandor. ppp is a monopsonist in the labor market and a perfect competitor in the paper market. when operating in the short run, labor is its only variable resource. the graph above demonstrates the labor market for ppp. 1. looking at the graph, what kind of monopsonist is the firm? how can you tell? this firm is a non-discriminating monopsony. this is because mcl curve and the supply of labor curve do not have the same slope, and the mcl curve is greater than the supply of labor curve. 2. using the information in the graph, what is the profit maximizing quantity of labor for ppp? profit maximization happens where the mcl
Premium Paper Products (PPP) is a unique employer in the small town of Gandor as it is a monopsonist in the labor market and a perfect competitor in the paper market. In the short run, labor is its only variable resource.
Looking at the graph, we can determine that the firm is a non-discriminating monopsony as the MCL curve and the supply of labor curve have different slopes, and the MCL curve is higher than the supply of labor curve. Using the information in the graph, the profit maximizing quantity of labor for PPP occurs where the MCL curve intersects the supply of labor curve, which is 400 workers in this case. In the given scenario, Premium Paper Products (PPP) is a non-discriminating monopsonist in the labor market of the small town of Gandor. This can be determined by observing that the Marginal Cost of Labor (MCL) curve and the Supply of Labor curve do not have the same slope, and the MCL curve is greater than the Supply of Labor curve. To find the profit-maximizing quantity of labor for PPP, follow these steps:
1. Identify the point where the MCL curve intersects the firm's Marginal Revenue Product (MRP) curve.
2. This intersection point represents the profit-maximizing quantity of labor, as it's where the additional cost of hiring an extra worker equals the additional revenue generated by that worker.
By using the information in the graph, the profit-maximizing quantity of labor for PPP can be determined through this intersection point
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When a taxpayer experiences a net loss from a nonresidence (rental property):
1.the taxpayer will not be allowed to deduct the loss under any circumstance if the taxpayer does not have passive income from other sources.
2.the loss is fully deductible against the taxpayer's ordinary income no matter the circumstances.
3.if the taxpayer is not an active participant in the rental, the taxpayer may be allowed to deduct the loss even if the taxpayer does not have any sources of passive income.
4.if the taxpayer is not allowed to deduct the loss due to the passive activity loss limitations, the loss is suspended and carried forward until the taxpayer generates passive income or until the taxpayer sells the property.
A taxpayer experiences a net loss from a nonresidence (rental property) if the taxpayer is not allowed to deduct the loss due to the passive activity loss limitations, the loss is suspended and carried forward until the taxpayer generates passive income or until the taxpayer sells the property.
When a taxpayer experiences a net loss from a nonresidence (rental property):
1. The taxpayer will not be allowed to deduct the loss under any circumstance if the taxpayer does not have passive income from other sources. This statement is not entirely correct. If the taxpayer is an active participant in the rental activity, they may be able to deduct up to $25,000 of the loss against their ordinary income, subject to income limitations.
2. The loss is fully deductible against the taxpayer's ordinary income no matter the circumstances. This statement is incorrect. The deductibility of the loss depends on the taxpayer's participation in the rental activity and whether they have passive income from other sources.
3. If the taxpayer is not an active participant in the rental, the taxpayer may be allowed to deduct the loss even if the taxpayer does not have any sources of passive income. This statement is incorrect. If the taxpayer is not an active participant, the loss can only be deducted against passive income from other sources.
4. If the taxpayer is not allowed to deduct the loss due to the passive activity loss limitations, the loss is suspended and carried forward until the taxpayer generates passive income or until the taxpayer sells the property. This statement is correct. Suspended losses can be carried forward to offset future passive income or until the property is sold, at which point the losses can be deducted against the gain from the sale.
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jordan is planning ahead for retirement and must decide how much to spend and how much to save while she's working in order to have money to spend when she retires. when the income effect dominates the substitution effect, an increase in the interest rate on savings will cause her to a. decrease her savings rate. b. increase her savings rate. c. continue saving at the current rate. d. change her savings rate but in an unknown way.
Jordan's decision on how much to spend and save while she's working is crucial in planning for her retirement.
When the income effect dominates the substitution effect, an increase in the interest rate on savings will cause her to increase her savings rate. This means that Jordan will choose to save more money as the interest rate on her savings increases.
The income effect in this scenario refers to the fact that an increase in the interest rate will lead to a higher return on her savings, thereby increasing her overall income. This increased income will then lead her to save more money for her retirement.
On the other hand, the substitution effect refers to the fact that as the interest rate on savings increases, it becomes more attractive to save and less attractive to spend. This would lead to a decrease in her spending rate and an increase in her savings rate.
Therefore, when the income effect dominates the substitution effect, an increase in the interest rate on savings will cause Jordan to increase her savings rate.
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a project will have more than one irr if and only if the: multiple choice primary irr is positive. primary irr is negative. npv is zero. cash flow pattern exhibits more than one sign change. cash flow pattern exhibits exactly one sign change.
A project will have more than one IRR if and only if the cash flow pattern exhibits more than one sign change.
In finance, the internal rate of return (IRR) is a method used to estimate the profitability of a potential investment or project.
The IRR is the discount rate at which the present value of the project's cash inflows equals the present value of its cash outflows, or in other words, the rate at which the net present value (NPV) of the project is zero.
It is possible for a project to have multiple IRRs if its cash flow pattern exhibits more than one sign change. A sign change occurs when the cash flow switches from positive to negative or vice versa. If a project has more than one sign change, it may have more than one IRR.
To understand this concept better, consider an example of a project with the following cash flow pattern:
Year 0: -$100,000 (initial investment)
Year 1: $50,000
Year 2: -$50,000
Year 3: $150,000
In this example, the initial investment of $100,000 is negative, and the cash flows in years 1, 2, and 3 are positive, negative, and positive, respectively. There are two sign changes in this cash flow pattern, which means that the project could have two possible IRRs.
To calculate the IRR in this example, we can use a financial calculator or a spreadsheet program. The first IRR is approximately 7.4%, and the second IRR is approximately 31.9%. The reason for the two IRRs is that the cash flow pattern changes sign twice, resulting in two possible discount rates that make the NPV equal to zero.
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Which of the following statements is true about the traditional tradeoff between the richness and reach of a marketing message prior to the development of the Web?A) Marketing messages had little richness.B) The smaller the audience reached, the less rich the message.C) The larger the audience reached, the less rich the message.D) Richness was unrelated to reach.
The larger the audience reached, the less rich the message is the true statement about the traditional tradeoff between the richness and reach of a marketing message prior to the development of the Web. Option(C)
The traditional tradeoff between the richness and reach of a marketing message refers to the fact that there is often an inverse relationship between the level of detail and nuance in a message (its "richness") and the size of the audience that it can effectively reach.
In other words, the more detailed and personalized a message is, the fewer people it can effectively reach, while a broader, less nuanced message can reach a larger audience.
Prior to the development of the web, this tradeoff was particularly pronounced, as most marketing messages were delivered through mass media channels such as television, radio, and print advertising.
These channels had the advantage of reaching large audiences, but were limited in their ability to provide detailed, personalized messages to individual consumers.
Therefore, C) The larger the audience reached, the less rich the message is the true statement about the traditional tradeoff between the richness and reach of a marketing message prior to the development of the Web.
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in the context of firm outcomes, when do sales and profits occur? (select all that apply.) multiple select question. when a firm's marketing mix suits the consumer decision process when a firm has created a product that satisfies only one need in a need set when a firm avoids establishing a target market for its products when the analysis of consumers by a firm proves to be accurate
Sales and profits occur when a firm's marketing mix suits the consumer decision process and when the analysis of consumers by a firm proves to be accurate.
When a firm has created a product that satisfies only one need in a need set, it may not necessarily lead to sales and profits. Additionally, avoiding establishing a target market for its products may lead to difficulties in reaching potential consumers and thus affect sales and profits. Therefore, it is important for a firm to understand the consumer decision process and analyze their target market accurately in order to tailor their marketing mix and achieve desired outcomes of increased sales and profits.
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Discuss whether any part of the $2 million constitutes ordinary income (4 marks). Wholesaler Pty Ltd has 3 purchase contracts (for Products X, Y and Z) with three different suppliers, as well as 3 sales contracts (with department store A for Product X, with department store B for Product Y, and with department store C for Product Z). The seller that supplies Wholesaler with Product X cancels the 10 year contract when the contract still has 4 years to run. The contract for the purchase of Product X represents 20% of Wholesaler's buying costs, though sales of Product X account for 80% of its total revenue. The seller (that cancelled the contract) gives Wholesaler $2 million as compensation for cancelling the remainder of the contract. In its own internal documents, the seller that compensated Wholesaler stated that $1.5 million of this was calculated on the basis of future loss of profits, and $0.5m was for loss of Wholesaler's reputation due to the cancellation. As it turned out the reputation loss of Wholesaler was very limited and it quickly recovered its reputation in a matter of months.
In determining whether any part of the $2 million constitutes ordinary income for Wholesaler Pty Ltd, we need to consider the nature and purpose of the compensation.
Out of the $2 million, $1.5 million was calculated as compensation for the future loss of profits due to the cancelled contract. Since this amount represents a reimbursement for anticipated earnings from sales, it can be considered as ordinary income.
On the other hand, the $0.5 million provided for the loss of Wholesaler's reputation is more difficult to categorize. Although the company recovered its reputation quickly, this compensation was intended to address a non-recurring issue and is not directly tied to the company's regular business operations. Therefore, it is less likely to be considered ordinary income. In summary, out of the $2 million compensation, $1.5 million may constitute ordinary income due to its connection with anticipated sales revenue, while the remaining $0.5 million is less likely to be considered ordinary income, as it was intended for reputation loss, which is not directly related to the company's normal business operations.
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at december 31, 2015, the accounts receivable balance of carrie corporation is $200,000. carries expects 1% of the outstanding accounts receivable to be uncollectible. prior to adjustment, allowance for uncollectible accounts has a credit balance of $200. the expense reported on the income statement as uncollectible account expense of 2015 is:
The uncollectible account expense for Carrie Corporation in 2015 is $1,800. This amount is calculated using the accounts receivable balance and the expected uncollectible percentage.
To determine the uncollectible account expense for Carrie Corporation on December 31, 2015, follow these steps:
1. Calculate the expected uncollectible amount: $200,000 (accounts receivable balance) x 0.01 (1% expected uncollectible) = $2,000.
2. Check the existing credit balance in the allowance for uncollectible accounts: $200.
3. Subtract the existing credit balance from the expected uncollectible amount to find the additional expense needed: $2,000 (expected uncollectible) - $200 (existing credit balance) = $1,800.
Therefore, the uncollectible account expense to be reported on Carrie Corporation's income statement for 2015 is $1,800. This figure represents the additional amount needed in the allowance for uncollectible accounts to cover the expected uncollectible receivables.
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what is central to the enlightened self-interest model for ethical practice? question 7 options: balancing the role of department advocate with the needs of the organization realizing that an organization does well by doing good assuming that advocating for society is more important than advocating for the organization assuming counterbalancing messages are in the best interest of an organization
The enlightened self-interest model for ethical practice is based on the belief that an organization can benefit in the long run by acting ethically and contributing positively to society.
This model centers on the idea that ethical behavior is not only the right thing to do, but it also makes good business sense. One key element of the enlightened self-interest model is balancing the role of department advocate with the needs of the organization. This means that while individual departments may have their own interests and goals, they must also consider the overall well-being of the organization and the impact of their actions on society.
Additionally, the enlightened self-interest model assumes that advocating for society is just as important as advocating for the organization. By acting in the best interest of society, organizations can build a positive reputation and gain the trust of customers and stakeholders, which can ultimately benefit the organization.
Lastly, the model recognizes that counterbalancing messages may be necessary at times, but it emphasizes that this should only be done in the best interest of the organization and with consideration for the potential impact on society. Overall, the enlightened self-interest model emphasizes the importance of ethical behavior and recognizes the benefits that come from acting in the best interest of both the organization and society as a whole.
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A demand curve
A) slopes down because of the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded.
B) slopes up because of the positive relationship between price and quantity demanded.
C) is vertical for necessities, upward sloping for luxury goods, and downward sloping for all other goods.
A demand curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity of that good that consumers are willing and able to buy.
The demand curve is typically downward sloping, which means that as the price of a good increases, the quantity demanded by consumers decreases.
This relationship is known as the inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded.
The slope of a demand curve is determined by a variety of factors, including consumer preferences, income, and the availability of substitutes.
Luxury goods, for example, tend to have an upward-sloping demand curve because consumers are willing to pay more for these goods as their income increases.
Necessities, on the other hand, have a vertical demand curve because consumers will continue to purchase these goods regardless of changes in price.
It is important to note that the shape of the demand curve can also be influenced by external factors such as changes in consumer tastes or shifts in the overall market.
Additionally, the demand curve may shift over time as new competitors enter the market or as new technologies and innovations emerge.
In summary, the demand curve is a fundamental concept in economics that illustrates the relationship between price and quantity demanded.
The curve typically slopes downward due to the inverse relationship between these two variables, and the slope can be influenced by a variety of factors including consumer preferences, income, and the availability of substitutes.
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Problem 2. G H K M 2 3 4 5 6 7 Consider the extension of Super Grain Case study in section 3.4 on pages 97-103 of the E-Book and provide an Input Analysis report for this case using your own words. The following issues should be included in your report: 1. The discrepancies between the exposures per a single TV ad and the total number of children & parents reached per a single TV ad, 2. The corrections of the unnecessary charges in relation to the planning budget per ad, 10 11 3. The attainment of at least 17 million exposures that were originally achieved using a minimum cost, and 12 13 4. The relaxation of the strict constraint related to the coupons budget and its effect on the achievement of the targets listed in the case. 14 15 16 17 18 19 a R S U Use the space below to comment on the final results using your own words. w х
The Super Grain Case study has provided a valuable opportunity to conduct an Input Analysis report to evaluate the effectiveness of the advertising campaign.
One issue that stands out is the discrepancy between the exposures per a single TV ad and the total number of children and parents reached per a single TV ad. This means that the ads may not be reaching the desired target audience as efficiently as possible. Another issue is the unnecessary charges in relation to the planning budget per ad, which could be corrected to ensure that the campaign is cost-effective. Despite these challenges, the campaign was able to achieve at least 17 million exposures using a minimum cost. This highlights the importance of careful planning and budgeting to achieve maximum impact with minimal expenditure. Finally, the relaxation of the strict constraint related to the coupon budget had a positive effect on the achievement of the campaign's targets. By allowing more flexibility in this area, the campaign was able to reach a wider audience and achieve greater success. Overall, the Super Grain Case study provides valuable insights into the complexities of advertising campaigns and the importance of careful planning, budgeting, and analysis. By taking a data-driven approach, it is possible to achieve significant results even with limited resources.
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which of the following describes a stipulation? multiple choice the court's right to provide gap-fillers in a contract additional terms in a contract in order to make it binding an offeror's right to determine the manner of acceptance an offeree's right to determine who to contract with
The statement that describes a stipulation is (B) "additional terms in a contract in order to make it binding."
A stipulation is an additional requirement or condition that is added to a contract in order to make it binding. Stipulations can be added by either party in order to clarify or define the terms of the contract. They are used to ensure that both parties are aware of their obligations and responsibilities under the contract. A stipulation may be a requirement for a specific action or event to occur before the contract can be completed, such as the delivery of goods or the completion of a project.
Option B is answer.
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a stream of equal payments that occur at the beginning of each month for one year is called a(n) .
A stream of equal payments that occur at the beginning of each month for one year is called an annuity due.
An annuity due is a financial instrument where a series of equal payments is made at the beginning of each period, instead of at the end of each period like a regular annuity.
This means that the first payment is made immediately at the beginning of the first period.
Examples of annuity due payments include monthly rent or car lease payments, where the payment is made at the beginning of each month.
Annuity due payments are also used in finance to calculate the present value or future value of a series of equal payments.
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suppose you pay back $705 on a $675 loan. you had the loan for 45 days. what was your simple annual interest rate? (use the bankers' rule)
The simple annual interest rate on the loan was 3.69%.To calculate the simple annual interest rate on a loan, we can use the bankers' rule formula which states that: Interest = Principal x Rate x Time
Where the time is measured in days and the rate is the simple annual interest rate. We know that the principal (amount borrowed) was $675 and the amount paid back was $705. Therefore, the interest paid was $705 - $675 = $30.
We also know that the loan was taken out for 45 days. To convert this to a year, we can divide by 365 (the number of days in a year). This gives us: Time = 45/365 = 0.123
Now we can rearrange the formula to solve for the rate:Rate = Interest / (Principal x Time) Rate = $30 / ($675 x 0.123)
Rate = 0.0369 or 3.69%
Therefore, the simple annual interest rate on the loan was 3.69%.
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The auditora. can require management to change the financial statementsb. can require management to change the report on ICFRc. can change the accounting info included in the SEC filingsd. can respond to the financial statements and management's reports by changing the audit report
The auditor can respond to the financial statements and management's reports by changing the audit report. The correct option is D.
The auditor's role is to provide an independent opinion on the fairness and accuracy of the financial statements. If the auditor identifies any material misstatements or omissions in the financial statements, they must communicate these to the company's management.
Management has the responsibility to correct any misstatements or omissions in the financial statements. The auditor can request that management make changes to the financial statements, but they cannot require management to do so.
If management does not address the misstatements or omissions, or if the auditor disagrees with management's response, the auditor can modify their audit report. The audit report is a formal document that expresses the auditor's opinion on the financial statements. A modification to the audit report indicates that the auditor has reservations about the accuracy or completeness of the financial statements.
In conclusion, the auditor's role is to provide an independent opinion on the financial statements. If the auditor identifies any material misstatements or omissions, they can communicate these to management and modify the audit report if necessary. However, the auditor cannot require management to make changes to the financial statements.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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An unexpected change in the price of oil would be called __________ by economists.
A) stagflation
B) a demand shock
C) a supply shock
An unexpected change in the price of oil would be called supply shock by economists.
An unexpected change in the price of oil would be called a supply shock by economists. A supply shock refers to a sudden and unexpected event that affects the availability of a good or service, leading to a change in its price. In this case, the price of oil changes unexpectedly, indicating a disruption in the supply of oil. Therefore, the option is a. supply shock.
What Is Supply Shock?
A supply shock is an unexpected event that suddenly changes the supply of a product or commodity, resulting in an unforeseen change in price. Supply shocks can be negative, resulting in a decreased supply, or positive, yielding an increased supply. Assuming aggregate demand is unchanged, a negative (or adverse) supply shock causes a product’s price to spike upward, while a positive supply shock decreases the price.
A supply shock is an unexpected event that changes the supply of a product or commodity, resulting in a sudden change in price.A positive supply shock increases output, causing prices to decrease, while a negative supply shock decreases output, causing prices to increase.Supply shocks are caused by unforeseen events that reduce output or interrupt the supply chain, such as natural disasters or geopolitical events.Crude oil is a commodity that is considered vulnerable to negative supply shocks due to the political and social volatility of its Middle East source.Learn more about supply shock here: https://brainly.com/question/28859251
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Byron has noticed that, lately, there is less traffic congestion on his commute and that his commute time is shorter. If Byron suffers from confirmation bias, which of these is true?
a. Byronโs commute was shorter two days this week, but has been longer almost every day of the last month.
b. Byron looks at every other vehicle on the road and classifies it as a vehicle that is ugly or cool.
c. Byron spent a lot of money on a fancy new car, so he is more comfortable while driving.
d. Byron recently started working graveyard shift, and traffic is always lighter at night and in the early morning hours.
If Byron suffers from confirmation bias, then option a is likely true. Byronโs commute was shorter two days this week, but has been longer almost every day of the last month.
Confirmation bias is the tendency to look for and interpret information in a way that confirms one's existing beliefs or biases.
In this case, Byron may have already formed the belief that traffic congestion is getting better, and he is now noticing and selectively recalling instances that support this belief while ignoring or dismissing those that do not. This can lead to a distorted perception of reality, where Byron may overestimate the frequency or significance of his recent shorter commutes while underestimating or forgetting the longer ones that contradict his belief.
Options b and c do not seem to be related to the observation of traffic congestion and commute time, and are therefore less likely to be affected by confirmation bias. Option d is a plausible alternative explanation, but it does not address the possibility of confirmation bias.
If Byron's recent switch to a graveyard shift is the main reason for the lighter traffic, then he may still be susceptible to confirmation bias in interpreting his commute experience based on his pre-existing belief about traffic congestion.
Hence, option a is correct.
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a drop in consumption or investment spending caused by increased government spending is referred to as: group of answer choices the multiplier effect. an expansionary gap. ricardian equivalence. crowding out.
A drop in consumption or investment spending caused by increased government spending is referred to as crowding out. Crowding out occurs when government spending increases, leading to a decrease in private sector spending.
This is because increased government spending leads to higher interest rates, which in turn reduces private sector borrowing and investment. As a result, the overall level of spending in the economy may not increase as much as expected due to the decrease in private sector spending.
Crowding out is a concept in macroeconomics and is a potential limitation to the effectiveness of government spending as a tool for stimulating economic growth.
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Papas Ltd has finalised its accounts for the month of December. Actual Budget Units of production 100,000 110,000 Overheads £170,000 £209,000 The Overhead Absorption Rate (QAR) for December is Choose... ✓ Choose... £1.90 L None of the above £1.55 £3.79 £2.09 £1.70 The absorbed overheads are Choose... ✓ Choose... £190,000 £209,000 £100,000 £187,000 £170,000 Previous page £110,000 The under/over absorption is: Choose... ✓ Choose... £22,000 under absorbed £187,000 over absorbed £187,000 under absorbed £22,000 over absorbed Р ni £209,000 under absorbed £209,000 over absorbed £170,000 over absorbed £170,000 under absorbed
The units of production for the month were 100,000 actual units and 110,000 budgeted units.
To calculate the overhead absorption rate (OAR), we can use the formula:
OAR = Budgeted Overheads / Budgeted Units of Production
OAR = £209,000 / 110,000
OAR = £1.90
Therefore, the OAR for December is £1.90.
To calculate the absorbed overheads, we can use the formula:
Absorbed Overheads = OAR x Actual Units of Production
Absorbed Overheads = £1.90 x 100,000
Absorbed Overheads = £190,000
Therefore, the absorbed overheads for December are £190,000.
To calculate the under/over absorption, we can use the formula:
Under/Over Absorption = Actual Overheads - Absorbed Overheads
Under/Over Absorption = £170,000 - £190,000
Under/Over Absorption = £20,000 under absorbed
Therefore, the under/over absorption for December is £20,000 under absorbed.
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How a person understands and acts in an organization depends upon
A. How the manager treats the person
B. The rewards provided by the organization
C. How the person sees and thinks about the situation
D. The person's background education and training
E. Peer pressure from the work group
A person's understanding and actions within an organization largely depend on their perception of the situation. This involves evaluating and interpreting the context, which influences their behavior and decision-making.
All of the factors you mentioned play a role in how a person understands and acts in an organization. The manager's behavior and leadership style can greatly influence an individual's perception of the workplace and their job satisfaction. The rewards and incentives provided by the organization can also impact how motivated and committed an employee is to their work. However, how a person sees and thinks about the situation is ultimately shaped by their own attitudes, values, and beliefs. Similarly, a person's background education and training can influence their approach to work, but so can the attitudes and expectations of their peers within the work group. Overall, a person's understanding and actions within an organization are shaped by a complex interplay of individual factors, interpersonal dynamics, and organizational policies and practices.
Therefore, required correct answer is C. How the person sees and thinks about the situation.
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Prepare a statement of retained earnings for Tidal Co. for the year ended December 31, 2020, using the following data. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated by a minus sign.) Cash dividends declared and paid in 2020 Retained earnings at December 31, 2019 Net income in 2020 $11,000 66,000 $39,000 Answer is complete but not entirely correct. Tidal Co. Statement of Retained Earnings For Year Ended December 31, 2020 Retained earnings, Dec. 31, 2019 $ 66,000 Plus net income 39,000 Less dividends 94,000 Retained earnings, Dec. 31, 2020 $ 199,000 ®
Tidal Co. Statement of Retained Earnings
For Year Ended December 31, 2020
Retained earnings, Dec. 31, 2019 $ 66,000
Plus net income 39,000
Less dividends 11,000
Retained earnings, Dec. 31, 2020 $ 94,000
A statement of retained earnings is used to show the changes in a company's retained earnings balance over a specific period.
To prepare Tidal Co.'s statement of retained earnings, we start with the retained earnings balance at the beginning of the year (December 31, 2019) of $66,000, then add the net income of $39,000 earned during the year.
Next, we subtract the cash dividends declared and paid during the year of $11,000 to get the new retained earnings balance at the end of the year (December 31, 2020) of $94,000.
It's important to note that the final balance of retained earnings will be reported on the balance sheet under the stockholders' equity section.
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the money supply curve as determined by current federal reserve policy is
The money supply curve, as determined by current Federal Reserve policy, represents the relationship between the interest rate and the total amount of money available in the economy.
The Federal Reserve (Fed) uses various monetary policy tools to control the money supply, which in turn influences economic growth, inflation, and unemployment. The main tools used by the Fed to influence the money supply curve are open market operations, the discount rate, and reserve requirements. Open market operations involve the buying and selling of government securities, which affect the level of bank reserves and, consequently, the money supply. When the Fed buys securities, it increases the money supply, while selling securities decreases the money supply.
The discount rate is the interest rate the Fed charges commercial banks to borrow money. A lower discount rate encourages banks to borrow more and, therefore, increases the money supply, while a higher rate discourages borrowing and decreases the money supply. Reserve requirements are the minimum amount of funds banks must hold in reserve, either in cash or as deposits with the Fed. By adjusting reserve requirements, the Fed can influence the amount of money banks have available to lend, and thus the money supply.
In summary, the current Federal Reserve policy shapes the money supply curve through the use of open market operations, discount rate, and reserve requirements. These tools help control the money supply, which is vital for maintaining economic stability and growth.
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in which situation does overt collusion occur? competition among a large number of small firms generates a stable market price. smaller retail firms have an unspoken agreement to charge the same price as the largest firm. a large number of small firms choose similar but slightly different prices for their similar but slightly different products. coke and pepsi openly agree on production and price in an effort to achieve monopoly profits.
Overt collusion occurs when companies openly agree on production and price in an effort to achieve monopoly profits, such as in the case of coke and pepsi.
This is different from tacit collusion, where smaller retail firms have an unspoken agreement to charge the same price as the largest firm, or when a large number of small firms choose similar but slightly different prices for their similar but slightly different products.
In situations where there is competition among a large number of small firms that generates a stable market price, overt collusion is less likely to occur.
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find the explicit general solution of the given differential equation which satisfies the initial solution
To find the explicit general solution of a differential equation, you need to isolate the dependent variable and integrate both sides.
The initial conditions are used to determine any constants of integration. The general solution represents all possible solutions to the differential equation.
The explicit solution is obtained by solving for the dependent variable. The process may involve some algebraic manipulation and substitution of variables. It is important to check the solution for validity by plugging it back into the differential equation.
In summary, the explicit general solution of a differential equation is obtained by isolating the dependent variable and integrating both sides, using the initial conditions to determine any constants of integration.
The solution represents all possible solutions to the differential equation, and the explicit solution is obtained by solving for the dependent variable. Validity of the solution should always be checked by plugging it back into the differential equation.
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the mutual agreement necessary to create a contract may also be demonstrated by the conduct of the parties. when the surrounding facts and circumstances indicate an agreement, it is called a(n)
The mutual agreement necessary to create a contract may also be demonstrated by the conduct of the parties. when the surrounding facts and circumstances indicate an agreement, it is called a(n) implied-in-fact contract.
An implied-in-fact contract is a type of contract that is formed based on the conduct of the parties, rather than through an explicit agreement. In an implied-in-fact contract, the parties may not have explicitly agreed to the terms of the contract, but their conduct indicates that there was an agreement in place.
This can occur when the parties act in a way that suggests that they intended to enter into a contract and that they understood the terms of that contract.
For example, if a person orders a meal at a restaurant and the restaurant serves the meal, there is an implied-in-fact contract between the customer and the restaurant.
Even though the customer did not explicitly agree to pay for the meal, their conduct in ordering it and accepting it indicates that they intended to enter into a contract with the restaurant and that they understood the terms of that contract (i.e., they would pay for the meal).
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rosa's pretax accounting income in year 2 is $3,000. rosa deducts depreciation for tax purposes in excess of accounting depreciation of $300 in year 1 and $700 in year 2. it is expected the depreciation deduction will reverse by $500 in year 3 and $500 in year 4. the income tax rate is 40%. which of the following entries is included in the journal entry to record deferred taxes for year 2?
The journal entry to record deferred taxes for Year 2 includes debiting Income Tax Expense for $280 and crediting Deferred Tax Liability for $280.
Rosa's pretax accounting income for Year 2 is $3,000. The depreciation deduction for tax purposes is in excess of accounting depreciation by $700 in Year 2. The income tax rate is 40%. To record deferred taxes for Year 2, follow these steps:
Step 1. Calculate the temporary difference in depreciation for Year 2:
$700 (tax depreciation) - $0 (accounting depreciation) = $700.
Step 2. Multiply the temporary difference by the income tax rate to determine the deferred tax liability:
$700 x 40% = $280.
Step 3. Create a journal entry to record the deferred tax liability for Year 2:
Debit Income Tax Expense for $280 and Credit Deferred Tax Liability for $280.
So, the journal entry to record deferred taxes for Year 2 includes debiting Income Tax Expense for $280 and crediting Deferred Tax Liability for $280.
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What are the relationships between TC, TVC and FC
curves?
The relationships between TC (total cost), TVC (total variable cost), and FC (total fixed cost) curves can be explained by the following statement: TC equals TVC plus FC.
In other words, total cost (TC) is the sum of total variable cost (TVC) and total fixed cost (FC). The TVC curve represents the variable costs of producing a certain level of output, while the FC curve represents the fixed costs that do not change with changes in output. As output increases, the TVC curve increases, while the FC curve remains the same. The TC curve therefore increases at a decreasing rate due to the increasing TVC curve and the constant FC curve.
This relationship is important for understanding the cost structure of a business and how changes in output affect total costs. By analyzing these curves, businesses can make informed decisions about pricing, production levels, and other important factors that impact profitability.
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The government of Talonia has decided to stimulate its economy by increasing is spending during the upcoming fiscal year. The government's economic advisors have determined that for each 100 in stimulus spending received, 24% will be repaid to the government for taxes, 18% of after-tax income will be saved, 22% will be spent on imports, and the remaining balance will be spent on domestically produced goods and services. Determine what fraction of expenditures is recycled and calculate the value of Talonia's multiplier.
Describe the affects that a decrease in aggregate demand because of a decline in consumer confidence that leads to less consumption and more saving in relation to the aggregate demand curve and the economy.
Briefly discuss what consumer and business confidence in the economy typically reflects and provide examples. Contrast the effects of high consumer and business confidence with low levels of the same. Briefly explain how a rise in confidence will be reflected in the aggregate supply-aggregate demand model.
The fraction of expenditures that is recycled is 56% (18% saved + 22% spent on imports + 16% spent on domestically produced goods and services). The value of Talonia's multiplier is approximately 2.27 (1/ (1 - 0.56)).
A decrease in aggregate demand due to a decline in consumer confidence leads to a leftward shift of the aggregate demand curve, resulting in a decrease in both the equilibrium price level and real output in the short run.
This decline in consumption and increase in saving reduces aggregate demand, which causes businesses to reduce production and employment, leading to a contractionary effect on the economy.
When consumer and business confidence is high, it reflects a positive outlook on the economy, which typically results in increased spending, investment, and economic growth.
For example, if consumers and businesses are optimistic about future economic conditions, they are more likely to spend and invest, which will increase aggregate demand, and hence stimulate economic growth.
In contrast, when consumer and business confidence is low, it reflects a negative outlook on the economy, which results in decreased spending and investment, leading to reduced economic growth.
A rise in confidence will be reflected in the aggregate supply-aggregate demand model by an outward shift of the aggregate demand curve, leading to higher equilibrium prices and real output in the short run.
This increase in consumer and business confidence will lead to an increase in aggregate demand, resulting in businesses increasing production and employment to meet the increased demand. This, in turn, stimulates economic growth.
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mr. baker has named his son as the beneficiary to his life insurance policy, but he is worried about his son's spending habits and the money his son might already owe when he receives the death benefit. which policy provision, clause or rider best fits his situation? estate designation rider spendright creditor provision irrevocable assignment clause spendthrift provision
Mr. Baker has named his son as the beneficiary to his life insurance policy, but he is worried about his son's spending habits and the money his son might already owe when he receives the death benefit. The policy provision, clause or rider best fits his situation is Spendthrift Provision.
A spendthrift clause is a provision in a trust – most trusts contain one – that prevents a trust beneficiary from using a future distribution to secure credit.
The clause also prohibits payment to a creditor if it extends credit to a beneficiary based on future distributions. It may be easier to understand what they are by describing what they do.
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It is easier to define the details forut as the project progresses or moves from phase to phase, the project team or contractor can progressively elaborate the details as more information is known or becomes clear. C a. tasks that require a small effort b. tasks near the end of the project C, the near-term efforts d.only tasks that take a day to complete
The process of defining project details is a dynamic one that evolves as the project progresses.
It is easier to define the details as the project team or contractor moves from phase to phase because more information becomes available, allowing them to progressively elaborate the details. This approach is commonly referred to as progressive elaboration. The team starts with a general idea of what needs to be done and then gradually fills in the details as the project advances.
This method allows for flexibility and the ability to adapt to changes as they arise. For example, tasks that may have seemed simple at the beginning of the project may turn out to be more complex than anticipated. Conversely, tasks that were once challenging may become more straightforward as more information becomes available.
Tasks that require a small effort may be defined early on in the project, while tasks near the end of the project may require more detail and attention. However, it is important to note that the details should not be left until the last minute. By progressively elaborating the details throughout the project, the team can ensure that they have a clear understanding of the project requirements and can deliver a successful outcome.
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