the tendency to define one's self in terms of stable traits that guide behavior is one's self. a. interdependent b. dependent c. independent d. integrated

Crowd Manipulation is violent crowd behavior that directs hostility to a specific target, such as a person, group, or institution.

Crowd manipulation is the purposeful or unintentional use of crowd psychology tactics to engage, manipulate, or influence the wants of a crowd in order to lead its behavior toward a certain activity. The crowd manipulator engages, controls, or affects crowds without using physical force, yet his purpose may be to provoke the mob or local authorities to use force. Prior to the American Revolution, Samuel Adams furnished Boston residents with "elaborate costumes, props, and musical instruments to lead protest songs in harborside demonstrations and parades through Boston's streets."

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A public  good is something provided by the government that may be used by many citizens at the same time without reducing the benefit.

A public good is a product or service that one consumer cannot prevent another consumer from using and that is freely available. A public good is a good or service that the  public has the right to use, or  goods and services that are available and accessible. to all  A user of public goods cannot prevent or prevent others from accessing them, because everyone has the right to use them. An example of a public good is road and street lighting, the reason being that everyone has the opportunity to use them. A public good is a product or service that one consumer cannot prevent another consumer from using and that is freely available.

Public goods are for the well-being of people, produced by the state, because it is the duty of the state to take care of its people. pubs are free to make them available to everyone without  financial barriers or restrictions.  The free rider problem is a market failure where public goods are purchased and benefited by, but  not  paid for by, the beneficiary group. US border control is a public good because we, the general public, do not pay for it and  it is for our protection, for our well-being.  Cable television is private property because it is produced by a company or entrepreneur and  sold for their profit.

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James-Lange theory suggest John  feeling of fear entirely independent of him noticing his physiological response.

The James-Lange theory postulates that emotional stimuli initially induce peripheral physiological fluctuations that occur without recognition of the emotion. These physical responses are further interpreted by the brain to create emotional emotional states. James-Lange's Theory of Emotion (1880s) proposed that physical changes occur first and form the basis of emotional experience. In other words, emotions are triggered by physical sensations (laughing makes you happy, running makes you scared).

According to James-Lange's theory of emotion, we only experience fear after this physiological arousal. Furthermore, different arousal patterns are associated with different emotions.

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Adolescents can now demonstrate the final form of reasoning described in Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning due to cognitive advances. This stage is known as Postconventional Moral Reasoning.

Individuals who achieve the highest level of post-conventional moral reasoning, according to Kohlberg's theory, judge moral issues based on deeper principles and shared ideals rather than self-interest or adherence to laws and rules. Recent research has suggested that the frontostriatal reward system of the brain is involved in moral judgments and prosocial behaviors. It is unknown, however, whether moral reasoning level is related to differences in reward system function.

The individual moves beyond the perspective of his or her own society at the post conventional level. Morality is defined in terms of abstract principles and values that can be applied to any situation or society. The individual attempts to see things from everyone's point of view.

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The purpose of the two-minute hate is to get people riled up. Both are about the hatred of traitors like Emmanuel Goldstein and the love of Big brother.

How does Winston react to the "hate"?

Winston responded by roaring and acting furious, much like the Party members had done. But when people started screaming B-B, he was truly horrified inside.

The irony is a technique Winston uses when keeping a diary. Despite the fact that he is writing in his diary with the intention of no one reading it, we can already infer that it will be read even though we haven't read about it yet.

Therefore, Additionally, it serves as a literary tool by accurately depicting the environment in which he lived.

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The peripheral route to persuasion takes advantage ""trigger features"" that activate sequential behavior in animals and humans. This sequence of behavior is called Fixed Action Patterns.

Although optimum human fixed-action patterns are hard to find, all Homo sapiens are born with the same fundamental intrinsic responses. For instance, a newborn baby will grab for any available thing out of instinct.

According to Lorenz, fixed action patterns contain six properties. These characteristics define fixed action patterns that are stereotyped, complicated, species-specific, released, triggered, and experience-independent.

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Multicultural education is committed to the goal of providing all students, regardless of status, gender, or race with equal opportunities to learn in school

A multicultural education style aims to foster awe and teach kids to value their diverse ethnocultural backgrounds, particularly by instilling deeper knowledge and understanding of how to navigate different cultures in them. This eventually suggests that the primary objective of multicultural education is to teach students to value their own culture and the cultures of others in order to ensure that they behave in a way that respects other cultures.

In general, intercultural education gives students and learners more knowledge. Therefore, multicultural education is dedicated to the objective of giving all kids equal opportunity to study in school, regardless of socioeconomic status, gender, sexual orientation, or ethnic, racial, or cultural heritage.

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Imitation, training, and instructional training are three methods for altering behavior that make use of discriminative stimulus (SDs) in the form of descriptions or demonstrations provided by a third party.

A discriminative stimulus is one that, when it is present, causes a specific response, which is often more rapid, more frequent, and less susceptible to extinction. Then, selective stimulus control is applied to the responding behavior. When the response is reinforced by a discriminative stimulus (Sd or SD) when it is present but not when it is not, the discriminative stimulus is formed.

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In accordance with the emergent norm theory, when a large group of people assemble together, such as at the capitol hill protest where shouting obscenities sparked an uprising, new social norms could arise.

According to the emergent norm theory, people engage in mainly rational behavior after joining together to engage in collective action.

There are four main types of norms, each having a different level of scope, reach, relevance, and significance as well as different implementation strategies and penalties for violations. They are Laws, taboos, mores and folkways.

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In the above case the Assurance type of relational maintenance strategy is adopted.

What do you mean by Relationship Maintenance Strategy?

Hence, the above case reflects the assurance type of strategy.

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The group development stage that finds members being more tolerant of each other and accepting of the diverse perspectives and personalities that each member brings to the group is the third stage i.e., Norming.

There are five stages of group development - forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.

The forming stage represents a time where the group is just starting to come together and is characterized by anxiety and uncertainty. The storming stage is where conflict and competition are at its greatest.

The norming stage is the time where the group becomes a cohesive unit. The performing stage is marked by high productivity. The adjournment stage is becoming even more frequent with the advent of flexible organizations, which feature temporary groups.

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Referent Power. Regardless of the style of leader you are, referent power is one of the most valuable forms of authority. How you build and develop your relationships will determine everything. According to Lipkin, "its strength depends on virtues and principles like honesty, integrity, and dependability."

A leader with effective communication skills may gain referent authority, which is a form of respect. As organisational leadership evolves from being primarily about command and control to being more about collaboration and influence, referent power is a facet of personal power that is particularly important. Referent power in leadership is the ability to cultivate others' respect and adoration while simultaneously inspiring others to desire to be like you. In other words, referent power is leading by example. If you want your team to adopt specific routines or practices, you must provide an excellent example. The ability of a leader to influence and encourage followers is the most basic definition of referent power.

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The growth of social welfare programs has been a significant source of domestic political anxiety in America since the middle of the 1960s.

Reagan's so-called "Reaganomics" supply-side economics policies promoted tax cuts, business deregulation, and lower government spending. In his first term, he overcame an attempted assassination, began the war on drugs, invaded Grenada, and engaged in conflict with public sector labour organizations.

In part because of his discontent with social programs, Reagan quickly reduced the rate of growth in domestic spending after being elected president in 1980.

The poorest people—those who are "truly needy"—would be immune from budget restrictions. Reagan said in a statement from February 1981 that "those who, through no fault of their own, must depend on the rest of us, the poor, the disabled, the elderly, all those with true need, can rest confident that the social safety net of programs they rely on are immune from any diminution."

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It is true that mental disorders are the health conditions that are characterized by the alteration in thinking, mood, or behavior associated with distress and the impaired functioning.

A mental disorder, often known as a mental illness or psychiatric condition, is a behavioral or mental pattern that significantly hinders personal functioning or causes extreme discomfort. Such traits may appear as separate episodes or as recurrent, intermittent, and continuous traits. There are frequently no established reasons for mental illnesses. Theories may incorporate data from numerous fields. Mental disorders are typically described in terms of a person's behavior, feelings, perceptions, or thoughts. Evaluations are carried out in psychiatric facilities or in the community by mental health professionals such psychiatrists, psychologists, psychiatric nurses, and clinical social workers. Although they may employ additional methods such as psychometric testing, they frequently rely on observation and questioning.

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Women were permitted to engage in commerce, pray with men, and contribute to education.  contributions to history, rhetoric, and medicine. involving islamic women during the colonial era.

While women did not have positions of authority in the church, some did hold political power either jointly or alone with their husbands. One particular woman, Mary, who is mentioned in the islamic more often than the Bible, is the only one by name. The Quran claims that Mary was blessed from birth and that, as a young woman, she heard from God through the angel Gabriel that He had preferred her over all "the women of the worlds" and had selected her, purified her. Numerous rights are granted to women in islamic, some of which were not available to women in the West until the 19th century. For instance, in England, until 1882, women's property was transferred to their husbands upon marriage, whereas Muslim women always kept their own possessions. islamic women are frequently expected to be submissive spouses and mothers who remain in the household setting. Men are expected to look after and safeguard their families in the meanwhile.

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In response to threats from abroad, the president can only proclaim a state of emergency with Congress's permission.

What does the Congress do?

There are 435 vote house members of Congress and 100 senators (two out of each state) that make up the current Congress. Each institution is directly impacted by the term of office and the membership.

Who or what is Congress?

The representatives of various nations, component countries, groups, trade unions, national candidates, and other entities assemble in a formal setting at a congress. The term, which derives from the Latin word congressus, first appeared in middle And late English to refer to a battle-related rencontre (meeting of enemies).

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Answer: ethnomusicologist

Explanation:

The major difference between the two Bibles is their arrangement and order of books. The Old Testament begins with Genesis and ends in the book of Malachi. However, Hebrew has a more discernible structure, with a clear beginning (Genesis), a middle, and an ending (Chronicles).

Hebrew material is the same but is separated into only 24 books, whereas the Old Testament has 39 books. Due to the divisions in various Old Testament books, the number differs. Examples include the books of 1 and 2, Samuel.

Together, they make up the single book of Samuel in Hebrew. The same is true of the books of Kings and Chronicles (1 and 2). The Hebrew and the English Bible vary in that their contents are identical. The only differences between the two are in terms of structure and order.

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The developmental undertaking of Noah questioning himself as a caregiver is known as acting as caregivers for aging mother and father or spouses.

A caregiver cares for the fitness and well-being of someone who desires help with every day tasks and activities. Your ageing cherished one can also want a caregiver due to the fact of an injury, mobility or memory issues, illnesses, or chronic conditions that make day-to-day chores extra challenging.

Then you have to be aware of your options. In general, there are four sorts of caregivers: Home Health Care, Assisted Living Facilities, Nursing Homes, and Adult Daycare Centers.

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(Option B). Julian Rotter is going to say that Jessica has an internal locus of control.

This can be described as the belief that one has the control over the things that they do. If you believe that you do not have the power over the things that happen, then that is the external locus of control.

According to studies, folks who have this kind of locus of control typically fare better than those who don't. This is most likely a result of the fact that those who have an internal center of control accept responsibilities for their actions.

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Sara has been acting in a troubling way, and the school counsellor wants to know what environmental or social factors may be affecting this: observe Sara's actions and interactions with the others directly.

What is counsellor?
A trained, impartial professional with whom you can establish a therapeutic, trustworthy relationship is a counsellor. They are qualified to provide a variety of services, most frequently talk-based forms of therapy. Talking about it and working through your personal issues with a counsellor is the process of counselling. The counsellor assists you in developing effective solutions to your issues by assisting you in problem clarification, option exploration, strategy development, and self-awareness enhancement. Just the act of telling their story to the a counsellor and receiving attention can be beneficial for some people. One who is qualified to provide a talk-based therapy is a counsellor. Talk-based therapy comes in a variety of forms. At times, a counsellor may collaborate with a physician or other medical specialists to provide integrated and comprehensive care.

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Uranium nucleus has larger repulsion.

Explanation:

The charge on protons is positive. Hence repulsion is to be expected between the like charges.

The magnitude of repulsion between protons increases with the number of protons present in the nucleus.

Uranium possess 92 protons while barium possess only 56 protons. Hence uranium having a larger number of protons will experience a larger repulsion in its nucleus compared to barium.

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The repulsion is larger in the nucleus of Uranium.

Protons have a positive charge. Therefore, it is reasonable to anticipate repulsion between similar charges. The more protons there are in the nucleus, the stronger the protons' attraction to one another is.

Barium only has 56 protons compared to uranium's 92. As a result, uranium, which has more protons than barium, will have a stronger nucleus repulsion.

To hold the protons together in a small volume, the force must be extremely powerful. Within the nucleus, similar electric charges repel one another by electromagnetic forces. The protons are responsible for carrying these charges, and their close closeness to one another amplifies the force that repels them.

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Although she is 76 years old, Jeanne lives by herself, teaches at the local college, and plays bridge every Tuesday night with her friends. jeanne's functional age is probably around 63 years old.

What do you know about chronological and functional ageing?

Chronological age is the primary descriptor used to describe ageing. The idea behind functional age is that one's place in the ageing process may be better represented by a measure other than chronological age. The assessment of functional health status describes how an older person performs in daily life on a holistic basis. In the past, physical functioning has been evaluated by a person's self-report of their capacity to carry out particular duties, such as self-care. Performance measures of functioning, in which the person is required to carry out predetermined tasks, have recently been used. The link between life expectancy and the length of time spent in a handicapped state is a crucial problem in functional ageing.

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Optimized engagement time and time on task are the underlying principles of explicit instruction that teachers can use to create these positive learning spaces.

What do you mean by positive learning spaces ?

Positive learning experiences can be defined as a step when students feel safe, calm, and relaxed in their environment.

It can also occur in the same way;

It depends on the following factors :

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The goal of punishing someone is to get them to associate their disruptive behavior with bad things. They will be less likely to repeat the disruptive behavior after the association has taken place.

What results in unruly behavior?

It is unclear what specifically causes disruptive behavior disorders. Family members with ADHD/ODD, depression, or anxiety disorders, as well as environmental factors including stress at home, are risk factors (from divorce, separation, abuse, parental criminality or series conflicts within the family).

What verbal disruptive behaviors are there?

Abstract. Background: The term "verbally disruptive behaviors" (VDB) refers to verbal or vocal actions that are unsuitable for the setting in which they occur. These actions worry people around the elderly person since they are upsetting and could be a sign of something more serious.

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The Circumplex Model states that "excellent family functioning is best compatible with systems that are compatible of cohesion and flexibility.

What does the term "flexibility exercise" mean?

A motion or position that stretches a particular muscle with the intention of enhancing range of motion and mobility in that particular location is referred to as a flexibility exercise. Any stretch can be used as a flexibility workout as long as it gets longer your joints and muscles and broadens your range of motion.

What abilities make up flexibility?

The capacity to shift a body part across its whole range of motion is known as flexibility. For physical movement to be effective, flexibility should range from moderate to high. reduces your risk of suffering from bone and muscular injuries.

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John Stuart Mill's philosophy of utilitarianism states that virtuous behavior provides the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. The Option D is correct.

Basically, an utilitarianism refers to a moral theory and to respond to misconceptions about it. Jona  Mill defines utilitarianism as a theory based on the principle that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness."

He also defines happiness as pleasure and the absence of pain and argues that pleasure can differ in quality and quantity, and that pleasures that are rooted in one's higher faculties should be weighted more heavily than baser pleasures. Furthermore, he argued that people's achievement of goals and ends, such as virtuous living, should be counted as part of their happiness.

John Mill also argues that an utilitarianism coincides with "natural" sentiments that originate from humans' social nature. Therefore, if the society were to embrace utilitarianism as an ethic, people would naturally internalize these standards as morally binding.

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A person who visits a cafeteria to be with his friends would be said to show intrinsic  motivation whereas another person might show extrinsic motivation because they are only there to get some free pizza.

Intrinsic motivation is defined as performing an activity for intrinsic satisfaction rather than for separable outcomes. Intrinsic motivation drives people to act for enjoyment and challenge, rather than external products, pressures, or rewards.

Extrinsic motivation is defined as motivation to engage in activities based on achieving external goals, receiving praise and recognition, winning competitions, or receiving awards or payments

Intrinsic motivation is critical to accomplishing tasks, completing projects, and exploring solutions. Intrinsic motivation also accompanies positive emotions. Love of work is an important part of creative work

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The correct answer (B) Personality.

Personality shows the relatively consistent behavioral inclinations that people exhibit in a range of contexts (what) Emotions are intense, uncontrollable feelings that influence our conduct.

What are the 4 types of personality?

Personality refers to a person's persistent features and behavior that compose his or her distinctive adjustment to life, which include major traits, interests, desires, values, self-concept, abilities, and emotional patterns.

The four temperament theory is a proto-psychological theory that proposes four basic personality types: sanguine, choleric, melancholy, and phlegmatic.

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The intervention 'Collaborating with patient while creating treatment goals' will have the biggest impact on success when enabling change in behaviour of a person diagnosed with such a personality disorder.

Collaboration is the process by which two or more individuals, entities, or organizations work together to accomplish a task or achieve a goal. Cooperation is related to collaboration. Most collaboration involves leadership, albeit it might take the form of social leadership within a decentralised and egalitarian society. When competing for limited resources, collaborative teams often have access to more resources, recognition, and awards. Structured collaborative strategies promote reflection of communication and behavior. Such approaches strive to improve team success through collaborative problem-solving. Collaboration can be found in opposing goals, demonstrating the concept of antagonistic collaboration. Collaboration, in its applied form, is "a deliberate partnership where all parties consciously agree to collaborate in order to achieve an agreed-upon outcome."

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