The Songhai Empire was able to acquire gold by taxing the markets of Timbuktu and Gao.
The Songhai Empire, which thrived from the 15th to the 16th century in West Africa, had a strong economic foundation based on trade, including the acquisition of gold. Timbuktu and Gao were two major cities within the empire that played significant roles in facilitating trade and generating wealth.
Timbuktu, located in present-day Mali, was a renowned center of trade and learning during the height of the Songhai Empire. It served as a hub for trans-Saharan trade routes, attracting merchants from across Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. The city's markets were bustling with various commodities, including gold, salt, ivory, and other luxury goods. The Songhai Empire imposed taxes on the trade activities and merchants operating in Timbuktu, allowing them to generate revenue and accumulate wealth.
Gao, another prominent city in the Songhai Empire, also contributed to the empire's acquisition of gold. Situated along the Niger River, Gao served as a strategic trade center connecting the empire to other regions. The city facilitated the exchange of goods, including gold, through its markets and trade networks. The Songhai Empire imposed taxes on the merchants and transactions conducted in Gao, further bolstering their economic power.
Through the taxation of the markets in Timbuktu and Gao, the Songhai Empire was able to benefit from the lucrative gold trade, among other commodities. This revenue played a crucial role in the empire's economic prosperity, enabling them to maintain a strong military, support infrastructure development, and expand their influence across the region.
In summary, the Songhai Empire acquired gold by taxing the markets of Timbuktu and Gao, two significant trade cities within their domain. The strategic location of these cities and their vibrant commercial activities allowed the empire to generate wealth from trade, including the valuable commodity of gold.
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the blank is the outline of the government of the united states
The Constitution is the outline of the government of the united states.
The Constitution of the United States serves as the outline or framework for the government of the United States. It establishes the structure, powers, and limitations of the federal government and sets forth the rights and liberties of the American people.
The Constitution was drafted in 1787 and ratified in 1788, creating a system of government based on the principles of separation of powers, checks and balances, and federalism.
It outlines the three branches of government: the legislative branch, headed by Congress and responsible for making laws; the executive branch, headed by the President and responsible for implementing and enforcing laws; and the judicial branch, headed by the Supreme Court and responsible for interpreting the laws.
The Constitution delineates the powers and responsibilities of each branch, ensuring a system of shared powers and preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful. This system of checks and balances allows for accountability and prevents the abuse of power.
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the pentagon papers revealed shocking waste in military spending
The Pentagon Papers did indeed reveal significant waste in military spending during the Vietnam War. The Pentagon Papers were a classified study commissioned by the U.S. Department of Defense that examined U.S. involvement in Vietnam from 1945 to 1967. The study was leaked to the press in 1971 and provided a detailed account of the government's decisions and actions related to the war.
Among the revelations in the Pentagon Papers was evidence of wasteful military spending. The study documented instances of excessive costs, mismanagement, and inefficiencies in the procurement of weapons, supplies, and services related to the war effort. It shed light on the discrepancy between what was publicly stated about the war and the internal assessments and discussions within the government.
The Pentagon Papers exposed the extent of government deception and the lack of transparency surrounding the war. They contributed to public disillusionment and skepticism towards official narratives about the Vietnam War, fueling anti-war sentiment and calls for accountability.
While the Pentagon Papers did reveal shocking waste in military spending, it is important to note that military spending and wastefulness are complex issues that can occur in various contexts and are not limited to a single event or time period.
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the lower classes gained greater military importance in the 14th century because of
In the 14th century, the lower classes gained greater military importance due to several factors:
Technological Advancements: The development of new military technologies, such as the longbow, allowed the lower classes to wield more effective weapons on the battlefield. The longbow, for example, was a relatively simple weapon that required strength and skill rather than extensive training or expensive equipment. This gave the lower classes, particularly skilled archers, a valuable advantage in combat.
Shift in Warfare Tactics: The 14th century saw a shift in warfare tactics that relied more on infantry and ranged weapons. Traditional feudal cavalry, predominantly composed of nobles and knights, became less dominant on the battlefield. This change favored the lower classes, who could serve as foot soldiers or archers and contribute to the new tactical approaches.
Impact of the Hundred Years' War: The Hundred Years' War between England and France, which lasted from the mid-14th to the mid-15th century, had a significant influence on military dynamics. Prolonged conflicts like this necessitated larger armies, and the lower classes played a vital role in filling the ranks. Commoners were often conscripted or volunteered for military service, as their numbers and availability were essential to sustaining and expanding armies.
Economic and Social Factors: Socioeconomic changes during the 14th century led to a growing importance of the lower classes in military affairs. The Black Death pandemic, which ravaged Europe between 1347 and 1351, caused significant population loss, particularly among the nobility. This created a need for new recruits from lower social ranks to take up military roles and fill the void left by the deceased.
Additionally, economic and political changes, such as the emergence of urban centers and the growth of centralized states, provided avenues for upward mobility. This allowed capable individuals from the lower classes to rise through the ranks and gain military prominence.
Overall, technological advancements, changes in warfare tactics, the impact of the Hundred Years' War, and socioeconomic factors contributed to the increased military importance of the lower classes in the 14th century. These developments marked a shift in the traditional power dynamics of warfare, providing opportunities for individuals from lower social strata to play significant roles in military engagements.
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In the 14th century, the lower classes gained greater military importance due to several factors:
Technological Advancements: The development of new military technologies, such as the longbow, allowed the lower classes to wield more effective weapons on the battlefield. The longbow, for example, was a relatively simple weapon that required strength and skill rather than extensive training or expensive equipment. This gave the lower classes, particularly skilled archers, a valuable advantage in combat.
Shift in Warfare Tactics: The 14th century saw a shift in warfare tactics that relied more on infantry and ranged weapons. Traditional feudal cavalry, predominantly composed of nobles and knights, became less dominant on the battlefield. This change favored the lower classes, who could serve as foot soldiers or archers and contribute to the new tactical approaches.
Impact of the Hundred Years' War: The Hundred Years' War between England and France, which lasted from the mid-14th to the mid-15th century, had a significant influence on military dynamics. Prolonged conflicts like this necessitated larger armies, and the lower classes played a vital role in filling the ranks. Commoners were often conscripted or volunteered for military service, as their numbers and availability were essential to sustaining and expanding armies.
Economic and Social Factors: Socioeconomic changes during the 14th century led to a growing importance of the lower classes in military affairs. The Black Death pandemic, which ravaged Europe between 1347 and 1351, caused significant population loss, particularly among the nobility. This created a need for new recruits from lower social ranks to take up military roles and fill the void left by the deceased.
Additionally, economic and political changes, such as the emergence of urban centers and the growth of centralized states, provided avenues for upward mobility. This allowed capable individuals from the lower classes to rise through the ranks and gain military prominence.
Overall, technological advancements, changes in warfare tactics, the impact of the Hundred Years' War, and socioeconomic factors contributed to the increased military importance of the lower classes in the 14th century. These developments marked a shift in the traditional power dynamics of warfare, providing opportunities for individuals from lower social strata to play significant roles in military engagements.
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The COMMON law system is the system of law that courts follow in the U.S. It was borrowed from the British system and still exists in most countries that were once part of or still are part of the British Empire. In the COMMON law system, judges follow old decisions of previous courts if the facts and circumstances are the same. These old cases are called PRECEDENT, a phrase you've probably heard before. However, one you probably haven't heard is the fancy Latin phrase STARE DECISIS, which means literally "stand" and decide," or roughly "Let the decision stand," another way of saying that old cases and the judge's decisions, or holdings, in them, should be followed by future courts.
The COMMON law system in the U.S. is based on precedents and the principle of stare decisis.
What is the significance of stare decisis in the COMMON law system?Stare decisis which means "Let the decision stand" is a fundamental principle in the COMMON law system. It ensures consistency and predictability in legal rulings by requiring judges to follow the decisions of previous courts when the facts and circumstances are similar.
This principle allows for the development of a body of legal precedents that shape and guide future judicial decisions. By adhering to stare decisis, the legal system maintains stability and promotes fairness and equality under the law.
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