The arrows depict the substance's carbon dioxide emission.
By substance, what do you mean?A substance is a material that has specific qualities and a specific composition. A substance is any unadulterated element or pure composite. By using any physical technique, a substance cannot be separated. A pure substance has fixed properties/composition. Iron and sugar are two examples of substances.
An illustration of a materialMatter with a definite composition and set of characteristics is referred to as a substance. A substance is every pure element. It is a material when it is pure. Substance examples: Because iron is an element, it is also a substance. Methane is both a material and a compound.
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19. Radioactive copper-64 decays with a half-life of 12.8 days.
a. What is the value of k in s-¹?
b. A sample co rains 28.0 mg 64-Cu. How many decay events will be produced in the first second? Assume the atomic mass of 64-Cu is 64.0 u.
c. A chemist obtains a fresh sample of 64-Cu and measure radioactivity. She then determines that to do an experiment, the radioactivity cannot fall below 25% of the initial measured value. How long does she have to perform the experiment?
The chemist has 14.4 days to perform the experiment.
What is the value of k in s-¹?The value of k in s-¹ is 0.0530.The number of decay events in the first second is 5.5 x 1012.The value of k in s-¹ is equal to the natural logarithm of two (ln2) divided by the half-life (T1/2) of 12.8 days. Therefore, k = ln2/12.8 days = 0.04968 s⁻¹.The number of decay events produced in the first second can be calculated using the equation N = N0e^(-kt), where N0 is the initial number of atoms of the radioactive isotope, k is the decay constant, and t is the time interval in seconds.Since the atomic mass of 64-Cu is 64.0 u and the mass of the sample is 28.0 mg, the number of atoms in the sample can be calculated by dividing the mass of the sample by the atomic mass of the isotope, which gives us N0 = 28.0 mg/64.0 u = 0.4375 x 10^24 atoms.Substituting this value for N0 and the value for k (0.04968 s⁻¹), we get N = 0.4375 x 10^24 e^(-0.04968s⁻¹) = 0.4375 x 10^24 e^(-0.04968) = 4.355 x 10^23. Therefore, the number of decay events produced in the first second is 4.355 x 10^23.The chemist has to perform the experiment before the radioactivity of the sample falls below 25% of the initial measured value. This can be calculated by rearranging the equation N = N0e^(-kt) to get t = (ln(N/N0))/k.Substituting the initial number of atoms (N0) and the decay constant (k) and solving for t, we get t = (ln(0.25N0))/0.04968 = (ln(0.25 x 0.4375 x 10^24))/0.04968 = 15.6 days. Therefore, the chemist has 15.6 days to perform the experiment.To learn more about half-life experiment refer to:
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Which of the following processes start with a material that is in a fluid or semi fluid state and solidifiesthe material in a cavity: (a) casting, (b) forging, (c) machining, (d) molding,(e) pressing, and, (f) turning?
The processes of (a) casting, (d) molding, and (e) pressing all begin with a fluid or semi-fluid material and solidify it in a hollow.
What is casting?The term "casting" describes the process of creating a solid item by pouring a liquid into a mould and letting it set.
This technique is frequently used in metallurgy to create metal components, but it can also be applied to other industries like ceramics and polymers. The material used to create the mould is often one that can endure both high temperatures and the pressure of the liquid being poured into it. To speed up the solidification process, the liquid is frequently heated to a high temperature.
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based on the naming rules for ions, which of the following is a negatively charged ion (not a polyatomic ion)?
a. Chlorine is a negatively charged ion based on the naming rules for ions (not a polyatomic ion).
The naming rules for ions are based on the element's name and the charge of the ion. A negatively charged ion is called an "anion". Anions are named by changing the ending of the element's name to -ide. In this case, "chlorine" is the element, and "chloride" is the negatively charged ion, or anion. "Chlorate" and "chlorite" are both polyatomic ions, which are ions composed of multiple atoms. The "ate" and "ite" endings indicate that these are polyatomic ions.
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The complete question is :
Based on the naming rules for ions, which of the following is a negatively charged ion (not a polyatomic ion)?
a. chlorine b. chlorate c. chloride d. chlorite
Answer:
Chloride
Explanation:
Negatively charged monatomic ions end in "ide" according to ion naming rules. If there are more electrons (negatively charged) than protons (positively charged), the ion will end with "ide". Sulfide is an example. Sulfur has 6 valence electrons. It could either lose 6 valence electrons or gain 2 to reach noble gas electron arrangement. Usually, the smallest electron exchange occurs, so sulfur would gain 2 valence electrons to fill its outer energy shell. The result would be 16 protons and 18 electrons. The sulfur ion symbol would be written as S2- or sulfide.
Does the phrase “you are what you eat” make scientific sense according to your knowledge of enzymes and transport?
The phrase “you are what you eat” does not make scientific sense according to the knowledge of enzymes and transport because foods are broken down by enzymes into small subunits which are common to all biomolecules.
What is the role of enzymes in the digestive system?The role of enzymes in the digestive system is based on breaking down food into smaller components during metabolic activities.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the role of enzymes in the digestive system is to degrade biomolecules that are ingested into common subunits.
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All of the following are postulates of the kinetic molecular theory of gases except
A. The gas molecules are in constant motion.
B. The gas molecules are in rapid motion.
C. The collisions between molecules are elastic.
D. At a constant temperature, each molecule has the same kinetic energy.
E. The volumes of the molecules are negligible compared with the volume of the container.
All of the following are postulates of the kinetic molecular theory of gases except option D. (at a constant temperature, each molecule has the same kinetic energy).
It is not a postulate of the kinetic theory of gases because the theory states that at a constant temperature, all molecules have the same average kinetic energy as it varies for different molecules due to the fact that they have different velocities.
A qualitative and quantitative description of the characteristics of an ideal gas can be found in something called the kinetic molecular theory. It defines how the molecules move and how they interact with each other while treating the molecules that make up the gas as if they were point masses. In addition to this, it clarifies the connection that exists between the velocities, pressure, and kinetic energy of the molecules.
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which of the following would change the vapor pressure of a sample of water in a closed container? 1. decreasing the size of the container 2. lower the container temperature 3. removing water from the container
All of the above options would change the vapor pressure of a sample of water in a closed container.
Decreasing the size of the container would increase the vapor pressure because the number of water molecules in the container would be more concentrated.Lowering the container temperature would decrease the vapor pressure because the water molecules would have less kinetic energy and would therefore be less likely to escape as a gas.Removing water from the container would decrease the vapor pressure because there would be fewer water molecules in the container.Vapor pressure is a measure of the tendency of a substance to turn into a gas at a given temperature. It is related to the kinetic energy of the molecules of the substance, with more energetic molecules having a higher vapor pressure. In a closed container, the vapor pressure of a liquid will be determined by the temperature and the number of molecules present.
It's also worth noting that the vapor pressure of a liquid is also related to its boiling point. The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure. As the vapor pressure of liquid increases, its boiling point increases, and as the vapor pressure decreases, its boiling point decreases.
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surface chemists design metal alloys for specific functions in everyday life. which of the following does not demonstrate a benefit of using an alloy? A. Goldd is mixed with copper or silver to make a less expensive form that can be used in jelwery. B. Smalleer atoms of one metal are incorporated into the structure of larger metal atoms to reduce malleability andimprove strength of the structure. C. Densities of metals are closely matched to increase desirable properties without increased cost. D. The canductivity has been eliminated due to the stronger bonding of the different types od metals.
The statement that does not demonstrate a benefit of using an alloy is the conductivity has been eliminated due to the stronger bonding of the different types of metals. The answer is D.
Alloys are mixtures of two or more metals that are designed to have specific properties for a particular application. A common example of alloy used in jewelry is where gold is mixed with copper or silver to create a less expensive material with the same appearance as pure gold.
Another example for the use of alloy is where smaller atoms of one metal are incorporated into the structure of larger metal atoms to reduce malleability and improve strength of the structure. Another benefit of alloy is that the densities of metals are closely matched to increase desirable properties without increased cost. In most of the alloys, the conductivity is retained or even increased due to the combined properties of the different types of metals.
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Your question seems to be missing, but I suppose the question was:
"surface chemists design metal alloys for specific functions in everyday life. which of the following does not demonstrate a benefit of using an alloy?
A. Gold is mixed with copper or silver to make a less expensive form that can be used in jewelry.
B. Smaller atoms of one metal are incorporated into the structure of larger metal atoms to reduce malleability and improve strength of the structure.
C. Densities of metals are closely matched to increase desirable properties without increased cost.
D. The conductivity has been eliminated due to the stronger bonding of the different types of metals."
We start with a 12.0 M stock solution of HCl, but need 2.0
liters (L) of a 1.5 M HCl solution. We will add water to what
volume (V₁) of the stock solution?
Answer:
4.2 mL
Explanation:
To make the problem more interesting, let's assume that you don't know the formula for dilution calculations.
The idea with diluting a solution is that the number of moles of solute will remain constant after the initial solution is diluted. The only thing that changes in such cases is the volume of the solution.
Convert the temperature of scalding water 54 into degrees Fahrenheit and kelvin
The temperature of the water in degrees Fahrenheit and kelvin are:
129.2 °F327.15 KHow to convert the temperature ?To convert the temperature of scalding water, 54 degrees Celsius, into degrees Fahrenheit, you can use the following formula:
F = (°C x 9/5) + 32
So:
(54 x 9/5) + 32 = 129.2 °F
To convert the temperature of scalding water, 54 degrees Celsius, into Kelvin, you can use the following formula:
°C + 273.15 = K
So,
54 + 273.15 = 327.15 K
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your computer should be password-protected. your best protection against losing your data is to back up your files to your hard drive. firewalls inspect data transmitted between a computer and external recipients to prevent unsolicited data exchanges. with cloud storage, you can retrieve your data anytime from anywhere in the world. a thief must physically steal your computer to gain access to its files and data. there is no way to track your smartphone once it is lost.
Your best protection against losing your data is to back up your files to your hard drive. Firewalls inspect data transmitted between a computer and external recipients to prevent unsolicited data exchanges
What is password-protection?
Password protection is an access control technique that helps keep important data safe from hackers by ensuring it can only be accessed with the right credentials. Password protection is one of the most common data security tools available to users—but they are easily bypassed if not created with hackers in mind.Password protection is a security process that protects your computer from unauthorized access via authentication and verification processing. In simple words, your online information is protected using a unique password – only an authorized user with the correct password can view the content.Passwords provide the first line of defense against unauthorized access to your computer and personal information. The stronger your password, the more protected your computer will be from hackers and malicious software. You should maintain strong passwords for all accounts on your computer.To learn more about data refers to:
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indium has only two naturally occurring isotopes. the mass of indium-113 is 112.9041 amu and the mass of indium-115 is 114.9039 amu . use the atomic mass of indium to calculate the relative abundance of indium-115. enter a numerical answer only, but in terms
The indium has only two naturally occurring isotopes. The mass of the indium-113 is 112.9041 amu and the mass of indium-115 is 114.9039 amu. The relative abundance of indium-115 is 57 %.
The average atomic mass is given as follows :
Average Atomic Mass = ∑(Relative Abundance × Mass)
The mass of indium-113 = 112.9041 amu
The mass of indium-115 = 114.9039 amu
Relative abundance for indium-113 =x
Relative abundance for indium-115 = (1-x)
x(112.9041) + (1 - x)(114.9039) = 114.818
x = 0.043 = 4.3 %
Relative abundance for indium-113 = 4.3 %
Relative abundance for indium-115 = 1 - 0.43
= 0.57 = 57 %
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▼
A sample of xenon gas at 25°C and 780. mmHg is cooled to give a pressure of 580. mmHg.
Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
Answer:
mmHg is cooled to give a pressure of 580. mmHg. Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units. Å o D Explanation:
a survey in which anonymous respondents, without fear of disclosure or arrest, are asked to report confidentially any violations of the criminal law they have committed
A survey in which anonymous respondents, without fear of disclosure or arrest, are asked to report confidentially any violations of the criminal law they have committed is referred to as self-report survey.
Since participants are assured of their anonymity and confidentiality, they are more likely to accurately record any prior criminal behavior without worrying about facing repercussions. However, This type of poll is known as a self-report survey. It's a method for gathering data about criminal or abnormal behavior that's employed in criminology and social science research. The validity of self-report questionnaires can be affected by under- and over-reporting, social desirability bias, and memory issues. It is crucial for researchers to be aware of these restrictions and make the appropriate measures to lessen their impact on survey results. This type of poll is known as a self-report survey. It's a method for gathering data about criminal or abnormal behavior that's employed in criminology and social science research.
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The actual question is:
A survey in which anonymous respondents, without fear of disclosure or arrest, are asked to report confidentially any violations of the criminal law they have committed is referred to as _______________.
equipment needed to measure moles in chemistry?
The equipment needed to measure moles in chemistry would be the weighing balance.
Moles of substancesIn chemistry, the mole of a substance is the ratio of the mass of the substance and its molar mass. It is otherwise known as the number of moles in substances and can be mathematically expressed as:
Mole = mass/molar mass
Thus, in order to find the number of moles present in a substance, the mass of the substance must be known and the molar mass is calculated appropriately.
Since the molar mass of substances is determined from the sum of molar masses of atoms of elements present in the chemical formula of the substance, the molar mass is theoretical.
However, to find the mass of the substance, it has to be weighed using a suitable measuring scale, usually in the form of a weighing balance.
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Determine the number of neutrons, protons, and electrons for a bromide ion that has a mass number of 77, and a charge of −1.
Answer: For the bromide ion with a mass number of 79 and a charge of -1, there are 36 electrons, 35 protons, and 44 neutrons present for the element that has a mass
For the element that has a mass number of 56 and 30 neutrons
Explanation:
which of the following statements best explains the trend in the molar solubility of in various concentrations of shown in the graph above? (a) higher concentrations of allow less to dissolve before the solution becomes saturated. (b) higher concentrations of lead to more favorable attractions between ions and ions, thus less dissolves. (c) higher concentrations of produce more through hydrolysis, causing to precipitate, thus more dissolves. (d) higher concentrations of cause the
The trend in the molar solubility of in different concentrations seen in the graph above appears to be best explained by the statement (a) "increasing concentrations of allow less to dissolve before the solution
The amount of a material present in a mixture or solution is referred to as its concentration. Different units, such as molarity (moles of solute per litre of solution), molality (moles of solute per kilogramme of solvent), or mass percentage, can be used to quantify them (mass of solute as a percentage of total mass). Concentrations play a key role in chemistry for predicting reaction behaviour and figuring out how much of a material to add to a solution. Concentrations are crucial in figuring out how various chemicals affect living things and the environment in sectors like environmental science and medicine.
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What volume of a 25% (W/V) solution of HNO3
The volume of a 25% solution of HNO3 that is needed to contain 12.6g of HNO3 is: 50.4 ml .
How to find the volume of a 25% solution of HNO3?Based on the information given the 25%(w/v) implies that 25 g of HNO3 contains in 100 ml of the solution.
Now let find the volume of a 25%(w/v) solution of HNO3 that is needed to contain 12.6 g HNO3
Volume needed = 12,6×100/25
Volume needed = 50.4 ml of solution required
Therefore we can conclude the volume needed is 50.4ml .
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The complete question is:
What volume of a 25% solution of HNO3 is needed to contain 12.6g of HNO3?
Please help on 1.15!! A, b, and/or c!
The answers to the following calculations with the proper number of significant figures and with the correct units are: (a) 8.00 kg, (b) 22.6 g, (c) 3.45 cm³
What is significant figures?
Significant figures are a way to express the accuracy of a measurement. They are the digits that are known accurately plus one last uncertain digit. This last uncertain digit is estimated based on the precision of the measuring instrument. Significant figures are used to communicate the precision of a measurement to other scientists. The number of significant figures in a measurement is dependent on the measuring instrument used.
The answer should have two significant figures, since the least precise measurement, 12.90 kg, has two significant figures. The answer should have three significant figures, since the least precise measurement, 0.64 g, has three significant figures. The answer should have three significant figures, since the least precise measurement, 0.859 cm³, has three significant figures.
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Which of these energy sources is increasing its relative share of the global energy supply by the most since 2015? renewablesnuclear coal oil
Renewable energy is increasing its relative share of the global energy supply by the most since 2015. (A)
Both globally and in the United States, renewable energy is the source of power that is expanding at the highest rate. At roughly 11.7%, the share of total energy consumption that came from renewable sources in the United States in 2019 was at its highest level since the 1930s. Solar and wind power generation have seen the most significant increases in their market share among renewable energy sources over the past ten years. In recent years, there has also been a growth in the use of liquid biofuels, which has contributed to the growing share of renewable energy in overall energy consumption. In 2020, renewable energy production in the United States finally topped coal usage for the first time.
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the exothermic dissolution of mg(oh)2(s) in water is represented by the equation above. the ksp of mg(oh)2 is 1.8 x 10-11. which of the following changes will increase the solubility of mg(oh)2 in an aqueous solution? (a) decreasing the ph (b) increasing the ph (c) adding nh3 to the solution (d) adding mg(no3 )2 to the solution
The exothermic dissolution of mg(oh)2(s)will increase the solubility of mg(oh)2 in an aqueous solution increasing the pH.
The solubility of a substance in water is affected by its solubility product constant (Ksp) and the pH of the solution. Ksp is a measure of the maximum concentration of a substance that can be dissolved in water at a given temperature and pressure. In this case, the Ksp of Mg(OH)2 is 1.8 x 10-11.
Increasing the pH of the solution will increase the solubility of Mg(OH)2 because it will shift the equilibrium of the dissolution reaction in favor of the products. This is because the dissolution reaction is exothermic, meaning that heat is released when the Mg(OH)2 dissolves. This heat release causes the equilibrium to shift towards the product side.
On the other hand, decreasing the pH, adding NH3, or adding Mg(NO3)2 will not affect the solubility of Mg(OH)2 in the solution. Hence options a, c, and d are not correct.
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acetyl-coa brings carbon atoms to the citric acid cycle. these carbon atoms are passed through many intermediary steps. for example, there are
Acetyl-CoA brings carbon atoms to the citric acid cycle. These carbon atoms are passed through many intermediary steps. For example, there are 4 carbon atoms (C) present in oxaloacetate.
About Acetyl-coaA molecule important in metabolism and is useful in many biochemical reactions is called Acetyl-coa . The main function of this molecule is to provide as many carbon atoms which are in the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle to be oxidized to obtain energy, and synthesize a neurotransmitter named acetylcholine which is obtained by a chemical reaction with the help of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase and a by-product in the form of coenzyme A.
Generally, the metabolism of fatty acids will produce acetyl-CoA for the citric acid cycle. In the liver, when the circulation of fatty acids is too high, the production of acetyl CoA from reduction of fat will exceed the energy needed by the cells of the body and will form a ketone group. The high ratio of ketone groups in the blood circulation can cause ketosis or ketoacidosis.
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help with rate order of reaction pls
The rate of reaction depends on only one of the species.
What is order of reaction?The order of a reaction is a measure of the dependence of the reaction rate on the concentration of reactants.
A reaction of zero order has a rate that is independent of the concentration of reactants, while a reaction of first order has a rate that is directly proportional to the concentration of one reactant, and so on. The overall order of a reaction is the sum of the orders of the reactants in the rate equation.
In this case, we can see that the rate of reaction depends on only one reactant.
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select all the statements that correctly describe the mechanism of the reaction between an organometallic reagent and an aldehyde or ketone.
The correct statements about the mechanism of the reaction between an organometallic reagent and an aldehyde or ketone is all of the above.
The mechanism of the reaction between an organometallic reagent and an aldehyde or ketone is given as :
1) The carbon group of the organometallic reagent will acts as the nucleophile.
2) The intermediate of the reaction is the tetrahedral species.
3) The final step of the reaction is that involves protonation of the alkoxide of oxygen.
Thus, the all the given statements is true for the mechanism reaction between the organometallic reagent and the aldehyde or the ketone .
This question is incomplete, the complete question is :
select all the statements that correctly describe the mechanism of the reaction between an organometallic reagent and an aldehyde or ketone.
The carbon group of the organometallic reagent acts as the nucleophile.
The intermediate of the reaction is a tetrahedral species.
The final step of the reaction involves protonation of the alkoxide oxygen.
All of the above.
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using figures 5.21, 5.22, and the text, describe the structure and function of g-protein coupled receptors and ligand-gated ion channels.
TheThe function of GPCRs is highly diverse, recognizing a wide range of ligands, including photons, small molecules, and proteins. Ion channels are pores in the cellular membrane that allow ions to pass in and out of the celThe function of GPCRs is highly diverse, recognizing a wide range of ligands, including photons, small molecules, and proteins. Ion channels are pores in the cellular membrane that allow ions to pass in and out of the cell.
The function of GPCRs is highly diverse, recognizing a wide range of ligands, including photons, small molecules, and proteins. Ion channels are pores in the cellular membrane that allow ions to pass in and out of the cell.GPCRs contain seven transmembrane helices (gray), three extracellular loops (ECLs) and an amino terminus (orange), and three intracellular loops (ICLs) and a carboxyl terminus (purple).The transmembrane domain consists of the transmembrane helices, as well as the extracellular and intracellular loops.Ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) are integral membrane proteins that contain a pore which allows the regulated flow of selected ions across the plasma membrane. Ion flux is passive and driven by the electrochemical gradient for the permeant ions.To know more about Proteins:-
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What is the percentage composition of each element in dinitrogen monoxide, N2O?
Percentage composition of nitrogen and oxygen are 63.6% and 36.3% respectively. This word refers to the overall mass percentage of each element contained in a compound.
What is percentage composition?The ratio of each element's quantity to the sum of all the individual components present in the compound, multiplied by 100, is what determines any compound's percentage composition.
Any compound's percent composition expresses its makeup in terms of all the components that are present. The chemical analysis reveals the relevance of this composition calculation. The concentration of such an element in a mixture or component in a combination is expressed using the idea of mass percentage composition.
percentage composition of nitrogen= (28/44)×100=63.6%
percentage composition of oxygen=(16/44)×100=36.3%
Therefore, percentage composition of nitrogen and oxygen are 63.6% and 36.3% respectively.
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part a - comparing chromosome separation in bacteria and eukaryotes in all cells, separation of replicated chromosomes is a prerequisite for cell division. however, the mechanism of chromosome separation in bacteria is distinct from that in eukaryotes in several ways. sort the following statements into the appropriate bin.
Chromosome separation in bacteria starts just at DNA replication start site. Chromosomes that have been doubled before eukaryotes are divided condense.
Why do chemicals separate?Heating or electrical energy can be used to break down compounds. The energy disrupts the bonds that hold the atoms together and initiates a chemical reaction. The compound can split into two simple compounds or be broken into separate atoms when the bonds break down.
Why is it vital to separate?We must separate mixes for the reasons listed below: To remove the unnecessary components from a combination, various components of the mixture are separated. to take important components out of a combination in more than one place. to acquire pure materials.
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This anion rapidly undergoes an intramolecular proton transfer; which the negatively charged oxygen atom abstracts the nearby acidic proton Draw the cunro GoC showing proton transter reaction; and modify the given structure to draw the product of that proton transfer Lone pairs are not required in the product: Identify which side of the equilibrium is favored and explain vour answer O The forward direction tavored because the anion in the product is stabilized by resonance, making the product weaker base. O The reverse direction is favored because the anion in the product is stabilized by resonance, making the product stronger base O The forward direction favored because the anion in the reactant on the more electronegative atom, making the reactant weaker base. O The reverse direction is favored because the anion in the reactant on the more electronegative atom, making the reactant stronger base.
agriculture. The largest source of pollution to the Bay comes from agricultural runoff, which contributes roughly 40 percent of the nitrogen and 50 percent of the phosphorus entering the Chesapeake Bay.
Airborne nitrogen is one of the most significant polluters of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. Excess nitrogen may drive the growth of algae blooms, preventing sunlight from reaching underwater grasses and creating low-oxygen "dead zones" that smother marine life. Nitrogen and phosphorus occur naturally in aquatic habitats, but human activities such as fertilizer usage, wastewater management, fossil fuel combustion, and soap and detergent discharge inject excess nutrient pollution into ecosystems quicker than ecosystems can respond. 1At Home and Around the Neighborhood: Fertilizers, yard and pet waste, and some soaps and detergents contain nitrogen and phosphorus and, if not utilized or disposed of appropriately, can contribute to nutrient contamination.
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You have accidentally broken a test tube and spilled a chemical on the table. What of the following best explains what you should do?
Answer:
A. Use water and paper towels to clean up the spill; place the broken test tube in the disposal container specified by the teacher for Sharp objects
A 0.95 m aqueous solution of an ionic compound with the formula MX has a freezing point of −3.0 °C. Calculate the van’t Hoff factor (i) for MX at this concentration.
The van't Hoff factor for MX in its aqueous solution at the given concentration is 1.7.
How to calculate the factorThe solution given is an aqueous solution of an ionic compound whose formula is MX. If MX is dissolved in water, it will dissociate almost completely into [tex]M^{+}[/tex] and [tex]X^{-}[/tex] ions. The particles of solute in the solution are [tex]M^{+}[/tex], [tex]X^{-}[/tex] and trace quantities of any unassociated MX. As a result, there are more solute particles in total concentration in the solution following MX's dissociation than there were in the solution prior to MX's dissociation.A colligative feature, depression in freezing point depends on the quantity of solute particles but is unaffected by the type of particles.
The van't Hoff factor is integrated into the formula for colligative qualities like depression in freezing point in order to account for the effective number of solute particles after association or dissociation of molecules of a substance in its solution.The relation between depression in freezing point (Δ[tex]T_{f}[/tex]) and concentration of the compound before dissociation or association in the solution:
Δ[tex]T_{f}[/tex] = [tex]i[/tex] × [tex]K_{f}[/tex] × [tex]m[/tex]Where [tex]i[/tex] is van't Hoff factor, [tex]K_{f}[/tex] is molal depression constant and [tex]m[/tex] is molality of the compound present in the solution.Freezing point of pure water [tex]T^{0} _{f}[/tex] = 273 KFreezing point of given solution [tex]T_{f}[/tex] = [tex]3.0^{0} C[/tex] = 273 K - 3 = 273 KDepression in freezing point Δ[tex]T_{f}[/tex] = [tex]T_{f} ^{0}[/tex] - [tex]T_{f}[/tex] = 273 K - 270 K = 3therefore Δ[tex]T_{f}[/tex] = 3 KConcentration of MX in the solution is [tex]m = 0.95 M[/tex]Molal depression constant for the solvent (water) is [tex]K_{f} =1.86 K/m[/tex] (m is the molal concentration)We have, Δ[tex]T_{f} = i[/tex] ×[tex]K_{f}[/tex] x [tex]m[/tex]Van't Hoff factor [tex]i=[/tex] Δ[tex]T_{f}[/tex]/[tex]K_{f}[/tex] x [tex]m[/tex][tex]i= \frac{3 K}{1.8K/m X 0.95m}[/tex][tex]i=[/tex] 1.7
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for the following gas-phase reaction, how is the rate of disappearance of n2o related to the rate of appearance of o2? 2n2o(g) > 2n2(g) o2(g)
For the following gas-phase reaction, the rate of disappearance of N2O related to the rate of appearance of N2:
ABOUT REACTION RATEThe rate of a chemical reaction is expressed as the rate of reduction in the concentration of reactants (reactants) per unit of time or increasing the concentration of the reaction product per unit time.
Reaction Rate FactorsThere are four factors that affect the reaction rate, namely:
1. Concentration
The working principle of concentration can increase the reaction rate because the higher the concentration, the more particles collide, thus increasing the reaction rate
2. Surface Area
Surface area can affect the rate of reaction because the larger the surface area, the more particles will collide, so the greater the reaction rate
3. Temperature
The working principle of temperature can increase the rate of reaction is to increase the kinetic energy of the reacting particles.
4. Catalyst
The working principle of a catalyst to increase the reaction rate is by lowering the activation energy of the reaction.
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