The expected growth rate in the Phelps Company's earnings is closest to -0.98%, which is equivalent to -1.47% when rounded to two decimal places.
To calculate the expected growth rate, we can use the Gordon Growth Model, which relates the stock price to the dividend and the expected growth rate. The formula for the Gordon Growth Model is as follows:
Stock Price = Dividend / (Cost of Equity - Growth Rate)
Given that the stock price is $25.50, the dividend is $2.80, and the equity cost of capital is 10%, we can rearrange the formula to solve for the growth rate:
$25.50 = $2.80 / (0.10 - Growth Rate)
Simplifying the equation, we get:
0.10 - Growth Rate = $2.80 / $25.50
0.10 - Growth Rate = 0.1098
Subtracting 0.10 from both sides, we find:
Growth Rate = 0.10 - 0.1098 ≈ -0.0098 ≈ -0.0098 × 100% ≈ -0.98%
Therefore, the expected growth rate in the Phelps Company's earnings is closest to -0.98%, which is equivalent to -1.47% when rounded to two decimal places.
This negative growth rate suggests that the market expects the company's earnings to decline slightly over time. It is important to note that this calculation assumes a constant dividend payout rate and represents an estimation based on the given information. Market conditions and company performance can vary, so it's always prudent to conduct thorough research and analysis before making investment decisions.
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How
should Larry Florin, CEO of Burbank Housing, proceed in the future
to improve his organization?
Larry Florin, CEO of Burbank Housing, should proceed as follows to improve his organization:
Burbank Housing is a non-profit organization that provides housing assistance to people in need.
There are a few things that Larry Florin, CEO of Burbank Housing, can do to improve his organization, some of which are as follows:
Develop an effective strategy for fundraising:
One of the most critical aspects of any non-profit organization is fundraising. The CEO should develop an effective fundraising strategy to ensure that the organization has the resources it needs to continue providing housing assistance to those in need.
The CEO should identify potential donors, develop a fundraising plan, and execute it effectively. A strong fundraising strategy is critical to the success of any non-profit organization.
Improve communication:
Effective communication is essential for any organization's success. The CEO should ensure that communication channels between staff members and with clients are effective.
A lack of effective communication can lead to misunderstandings and ultimately hurt the organization's reputation.
Larry Florin, CEO of Burbank Housing, should work on improving the organization's communication channels to improve its overall efficiency.
Work on partnerships:
Working in partnership with other organizations can help non-profits achieve their goals more effectively. The CEO should explore partnerships with other organizations that have similar goals.
A partnership with another organization could help the organization expand its reach, provide additional resources, and improve its reputation.
Developing partnerships requires communication, trust, and an understanding of each organization's goals and values. In conclusion, Larry Florin, CEO of Burbank Housing, should focus on improving communication, developing partnerships, and developing a fundraising strategy to improve his organization's future.
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true/false: exponential smoothing provides the least amount of error for any given forecasting problem among all time series models we studied.
False.exponential smoothing provides the least amount of error for any given forecasting problem among all time series models we studied.
Exponential smoothing is a popular forecasting technique, but it is not necessarily guaranteed to provide the least amount of error for any given forecasting problem among all time series models. The performance of forecasting models depends on various factors, including the characteristics of the data, the specific forecasting problem, and the appropriateness of the model for the data at hand. Different time series models, such as ARIMA, state space models, or machine learning algorithms, may outperform exponential smoothing in certain situations. The selection of the most suitable forecasting model requires careful consideration and evaluation based on the specific requirements and characteristics of the problem at hand.
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Which are nonequity-based modes of entry in foreign markets?
franchising exporting contracted manufacturing turnkey projects
Exporting, contracted manufacture, and turnkey projects.
Nonequity-based modes of entry in foreign markets are those modes that do not require investment in the foreign country to gain access to its local market. These modes include exporting, contracted manufacturing, and turnkey projects. They are generally less risky, cheaper, and faster compared to equity-based modes such as joint ventures and wholly-owned subsidiaries.
Exporting: Exporting involves the sale of products or services produced in one country to another. It is the most straightforward way of entering a foreign market, but it may require local marketing efforts and adaptation of the product to suit local preferences.
Contract manufacturing: Contract manufacturing is a type of outsourcing in which a firm hires a local manufacturer to produce its products. This strategy is beneficial for firms that do not want to invest in manufacturing facilities in a foreign country.
Turnkey projects: Turnkey projects involve the transfer of a complete system to a foreign country, such as a manufacturing plant or an infrastructure project. In this mode, the foreign buyer buys the system from the seller, who designs, builds, and installs the system.
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the process through which people use messages to generate meanings within and across contexts, cultures, channels, and media is
The process through which people use messages to generate meanings within and across contexts, cultures, channels, and media is known as "semiotics."
Semiotics is the study of signs and symbols and how they are used to communicate meaning. It examines the various elements and systems of communication, including language, images, gestures, sounds, and objects, and explores how these signs are interpreted and give rise to meaning in different contexts. In the process of semiosis, which is central to semiotics, individuals engage with signs and interpret them based on their cultural, social, and personal backgrounds. They assign meanings to signs through a complex interplay of codes, conventions, and shared understandings. This interpretive process involves not only understanding the literal or surface-level meaning of signs but also recognizing the underlying cultural, ideological, and contextual associations attached to them.
Semiotics acknowledges that meaning is not inherent in signs but is constructed through the interaction between signs, their referents, and the interpretive capacity of individuals. It emphasizes the role of perception, cognition, and cultural frameworks in shaping how individuals make sense of messages in various forms of communication.
By studying semiotics, researchers and theorists gain insights into how meaning is produced, shared, and interpreted in different media and communication contexts. It helps in understanding the ways in which signs and symbols shape our understanding of the world, influence our behaviors and attitudes, and contribute to the construction of social and cultural realities.
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The adjusted trial balance for Happ Company follows. a. Use the adjusted trial balance to prepare the December 31 year-end income statement. b. Use the adjusted trial balance to prepare the December 31 year-end statement of retained earnings. The Retained earnings accou balance was $46,830 on December 31 of the prior year. c. Use the adjusted trial balance to prepare the December 31 year-end balance sheet. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Use the adjusted trial balance to prepare the December 31 year-end income statement. QS 3-19 (Algo) Preparlng financlal statements LO P5 The adjusted trial balance for Happ Company follows. a. Use the adjusted trial balance to prepare the December 31 year-end income statement. b. Use the adjusted trial balance to prepare the December 31 year-end statement of retained earnings. The Retained earnings accou balance was $46,830 on December 31 of the prior year. c. Use the adjusted trial balance to prepare the December 31 year-end balance sheet. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Use the adjusted trial balance to prepare the December 31 year-end statement of retained earnings. The Retained earnings account balance was $46,830 on December 31 of the prior year. a. Use the adjusted trial balance to prepare the December 31 year-end income statement. b. Use the adjusted trial balance to prepare the December 31 year-end statement of retained earnings. The Retained earnings account balance was $46,830 on December 31 of the prior year. c. Use the adjusted trial balance to prepare the December 31 year-end balance sheet. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Use the adjusted trial balance to prepare the December 31 year-end balance sheet. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated with a minus sign.)
a. December 31 Year-End Income Statement: Prepare by totaling revenues and subtracting expenses to calculate net income.
b. December 31 Year-End Statement of Retained Earnings: Adjust prior year's balance with net income and dividends.
c. December 31 Year-End Balance Sheet: Calculate total assets, liabilities, and stockholders' equity using adjusted trial balance.
a. December 31 Year-End Income Statement for Happ Company:
Happ Company Income Statement
For the Year Ended December 31
Revenues:
Sales Revenue XXXX
Service Revenue XXXX
Total Revenues XXXX
Expenses:
Cost of Goods Sold XXXX
Salaries Expense XXXX
Rent Expense XXXX
Utilities Expense XXXX
Insurance Expense XXXX
Depreciation Expense XXXX
Interest Expense XXXX
Total Expenses XXXX
Net Income XXXX
b. December 31 Year-End Statement of Retained Earnings for Happ Company:
Happ Company Statement of Retained Earnings
For the Year Ended December 31
Retained Earnings, December 31, [Prior Year] $46,830
Add: Net Income XXXX
Total XXXXX
Less: Dividends XXXXX
Retained Earnings, December 31, [Current Year] XXXXX
c. December 31 Year-End Balance Sheet for Happ Company:
Happ Company Balance Sheet
As of December 31
Assets:
Cash XXXX
Accounts Receivable XXXX
Inventory XXXX
Prepaid Expenses XXXX
Total Current Assets XXXX
Property, Plant, and Equipment:
Land XXXX
Building XXXX
Accumulated Depreciation (XXXX)
Total Property, Plant, and Equipment XXXXX
Total Assets XXXXX
Liabilities:
Accounts Payable XXXXX
Salaries Payable XXXXX
Interest Payable XXXXX
Total Current Liabilities XXXXX
Long-Term Debt XXXXX
Total Liabilities XXXXX
Stockholders' Equity:
Common Stock XXXXX
Retained Earnings, December 31, [Current Year] XXXXX
Total Stockholders' Equity XXXXX
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity XXXXX
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video game company ubisoft is a _____ because it produces and distributes a specific type of cultural product for public consumption, in order to profit financially
video game company ubisoft is a commercial entity because it produces and distributes a specific type of cultural product for public consumption, in order to profit financially.
video game company Ubisoft is a "commercial entity" or "profit-oriented organization" because it engages in the production and distribution of video games, a form of cultural product, with the primary aim of financial gain. By developing and releasing video games, Ubisoft caters to the entertainment needs and desires of the public, offering interactive experiences that captivate players and provide enjoyment. However, at its core, Ubisoft operates as a commercial entity, driven by the pursuit of profit. The company invests significant resources in game development, marketing campaigns, and distribution channels to maximize sales and revenue. Its primary objective is to create commercially successful games that resonate with consumers and generate substantial financial returns. Ubisoft's business model centers around the creation, marketing, and sale of video games as a product, making it a prominent player in the competitive video game industry.
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Employees are paid $8 per hour. In addition to the labor cost, Charles also has a constant utility cost per month of $650 and a per loaf ingrecient cost of $0.40. Current multifactor productivity for 640 work hours per month = 0.250 loavesidollar (round your response to three decimal piaces). After increasing the number of work hours to 992 per month, the multifactor productivity = loavesidollar (round your response to three decimai pleces).
The required multifactor productivity is calculated using the formula: (992000 + 99.2O) / (0.4O + 5770), where Input = Labor Cost + Ingredient Cost + Utility Cost.
The equation for Input is: Input = $8 x 640 + $0.40 x Output + $650 [Given]
Simplifying the equation, we have: Input = 5120 + 0.4O + 650
Further simplification leads to: Input = 0.4O + 5770
The value of the output is not provided, so we cannot directly calculate the multifactor productivity.
However, we are given the value of multifactor productivity before increasing the work hours, which is 0.250 loaves/dollar.
Current multifactor productivity = Output/Input
0.250 = Output / (0.4O + 5770)
Multiplying both sides by (0.4O + 5770), we get:
0.250 x (0.4O + 5770) = Output
1000 + 0.1O = Output
Multiplying both sides by 992, we get:
Output = 992 x (1000 + 0.1O)
Output = 992000 + 99.2O
The equation for Input is: Input = 0.4O + 5770
Multifactor productivity = Output / Input
= (992000 + 99.2O) / (0.4O + 5770).
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Question No 1: Rockford Company's comparative balance sheet for 2017 \& 2016 and the company's income statement for the year follow: Rockford Comnanv Additional Information: Rockford paid a cash dividend of $48,000 in 2017. The $4,000 loss on sale of equipment reflects a transaction in which equipment with an original cost of $12,000 and accumulated depreciation of $5,000 was sold for $3,000 in cash. Rockford did not purchase any long-term investments during the year. There was no gain or loss on the sale of long-term investments. Rockford did not retire any bonds payable during 2017, or issue or repurchase any common stock. Requirements: [15] a. Prepare a cash flow statement at the end of December 31,2017 using indirect method. b. Give some examples of significant non-cash investing and financing activities.
a. Cash Flow Statement using Indirect MethodCash flow statement using the indirect method:The net income for 2017 is $360,000. Depreciation expense is $40,000, and amortization expense is $10,000. The loss on the sale of equipment is $4,000. The increase in accounts payable is $10,000, and the decrease in accounts receivable is $14,000.
The increase in prepaid expenses is $3,000, while the increase in accrued expenses payable is $6,000.1. Operating activities Net income for 2017 is $360,000. Depreciation expense is $40,000, and amortization expense is $10,000. Changes in the operating assets and liabilities: the increase in accounts payable is $10,000, and the decrease in accounts receivable is $14,000. The increase in prepaid expenses is $3,000, while the increase in accrued expenses payable is $6,000.Operating activities Net income for 2017$360,000Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities :Depreciation expense$40,000Amortization expense$10,000Loss on sale of equipment$4,000Decrease in accounts receivable$(14,000)Increase in accounts payable$10,000Increase in prepaid expenses$3,000Increase in accrued expenses payable$6,000Net cash provided by operating activities$409,0002. Investing activities There were no long-term investment purchases during the year. There were no long-term investment sales during the year. The sale of equipment produced $3,000 in cash. Investing activities Sale of equipment$3,000Net cash provided by investing activities$3,0003. Financing activities Cash dividends of $48,000 were paid. There were no bond retirements, stock issuances, or stock repurchases during the year. Financing activities Cash dividends$(48,000)Net cash used in financing activities$(48,000)Net increase in cash and cash equivalents$364,000Beginning cash balance$155,000Ending cash balance$519,000b. Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities A non-cash transaction is one in which no cash exchanges hands. Some examples of significant non-cash investing and financing activities are as follows: a) The exchange of a long-term asset for a note payable or a capital lease. b) The exchange of common stock for long-term assets. c) The conversion of bonds payable to common stock.
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A test in Corporate Finance had an average of 80 with a standard deviation of 10. What is the probability of scoring greater than a 69? (Submit your answer as a whole number. For example if you calculate 0.653 (or 65.3\%), enter 65.) normal table
The given data:
Average = 80
Standard Deviation = 10
Score for which probability is to be determined = 69
The formula to calculate z score is given as;
z = (x - μ) / σ
Where, x = the raw score
μ = the population mean
σ = the population standard deviation
By putting the values in the above formula, we get
z = (69 - 80) / 10z = - 1.1
Now we have to find out the probability of getting a score greater than 69. We have to find out the area under the normal curve to the right of the z value that we have calculated above.
Probability = P(z > - 1.1)
The area under the normal curve to the left of z = - 1.1 is given as;
= 0.1356665
We know that the total area under the normal curve is 1.Therefore, the area under the normal curve to the right of z = - 1.1 is given as;
= 1 - 0.1356665
= 0.8643335
The probability of getting a score greater than 69 is 0.8643335 or 86%.Hence, the correct answer is 86.
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Which of the following charts would show whether net cash flow and sales share a linear relationship?
Select one:
a. Pie chart
b. Bar chart
c. Scatter plot
d. Trend chart
Option (c), A scatter plot would show whether net cash flow and sales share a linear relationship.
What is a Scatter Plot?A scatter plot is a kind of mathematical diagram that employs Cartesian coordinates to show values for two variables for a set of data. It is used to show the connection or association between two variables or sets of data.
The chart that shows whether net cash flow and sales share a linear relationship is a scatter plot.
Scatter plots are helpful for examining relationships between two variables. A scatter plot uses dots to represent values for two separate numeric variables. The position of each dot on the horizontal and vertical axis implies values for an individual data point. By displaying a variable in each axis, you may look for patterns that might be detected.
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a local coffee house offers its customers live music, open microphone nights, free internet access, and comfortable seating so they can enjoy their coffee with friends or while working. in the case of this company, which statement is most likely true?
A local coffee house offers its customers live music, open microphone nights, free internet access, and comfortable seating so they can enjoy their coffee with friends or while working is Option E. The tangible product itself may not be as important as the benefits associated with the product.
The correct answer is E because The Coffee Clutch, despite being a coffee company, offers more than just the tangible product of coffee drinks. While they do provide delicious coffee drinks, they also offer additional services and experiences to enhance the overall value for their customers.
In this case, the tangible product is the coffee itself, but the company also provides intangible benefits such as live music, open microphone nights, free Internet access, and comfortable seating. These additional offerings create a unique atmosphere and provide added value to the customers' coffee-drinking experience.
The keyword "may not be" indicates that the tangible product (coffee) is not the sole focus or the most important aspect of what the company offers. Instead, the benefits associated with the product, such as the enjoyable ambiance, social interactions, and convenient amenities, contribute significantly to the overall customer satisfaction and differentiate The Coffee Clutch from other coffee companies.
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Complete Question
The Coffee Clutch is a small, local company that, in addition to making delicious coffee drinks, offers its customers live music, open microphone nights, free Internet access, and comfortable seating so they can enjoy their coffee with friends or while working. In the case of this company, which statement is most likely true?
A. The tangible product itself is the most important thing this company offers its customers.
B. All of the items this company offers its customers are tangible products.
C. All of the items this company offers its customers are intangible things of value.
D. Most of this company's income comes from selling intangible items.
E. The tangible product itself may not be as important as the benefits associated with the product.
________ cash is the internet’s equivalent to traditional cash. group of answer choices digital currency wiki bit
Digital currency is the internet's equivalent to traditional cash, serving as a form of currency that exists solely in electronic or digital form.
Digital currency, also known as electronic currency or virtual currency, is a type of currency that is exclusively digital and does not have a physical counterpart like traditional cash (e.g., coins or banknotes). It is typically used for online transactions and operates within digital ecosystems.
1. Digital Currency: Digital currencies are created and issued by organizations or governments. They exist in digital form and can be used for online transactions. Examples of digital currencies include central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) and stablecoins.
2. Cryptocurrencies: Cryptocurrencies are a type of digital currency that utilize cryptographic technology for secure transactions. The most well-known example is Bitcoin, which operates on a decentralized network known as the blockchain. Other cryptocurrencies include Ethereum, Ripple, and Litecoin.
3. Virtual Currencies: Virtual currencies are digital currencies that are specific to certain virtual environments, such as online gaming platforms or social networks. These currencies are used within those platforms to facilitate transactions and interactions.
So, digital currency serves as the internet's equivalent to traditional cash, enabling online transactions and functioning as a form of currency that exists solely in electronic or digital form.
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Paul Monroe, CPA, has been in public practice and a member of the AICPA for 25 years. He signs over 300 individual tax returns each year, most of which have been initially prepared by his staff and reviewed by other staff and himself. In reviewing tax returns for the current filing season, Paul notices that several transactions were improperly handled for the prior year return. Upon further review, Paul realizes that this error exists not only on prior year returns for his current clients but also on prior returns for individuals who are no longer his clients. Consider Circular 230, the SSTSs, and the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct in analyzing Paul's situation.
Paul Monroe, CPA, has a professional responsibility to rectify the errors in the prior year returns of both his current clients and former clients. This is based on his ethical obligations outlined in Circular 230, the SSTSs, and the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct.
Paul Monroe, CPA, has a professional responsibility to rectify the errors he has discovered in the prior year returns of his clients, as well as the prior returns of individuals who are no longer his clients. He should take the following considerations into account:
1. Circular 230: Circular 230 is a set of regulations issued by the IRS that outlines the standards of practice for tax professionals. It requires tax practitioners to exercise due diligence in preparing and reviewing tax returns. Paul should ensure compliance with Circular 230 by addressing the errors and taking appropriate corrective actions.
2. SSTSs (Statements on Standards for Tax Services): The SSTSs provide guidance to tax practitioners on ethical standards and responsibilities. Paul should review the SSTSs to determine any specific requirements related to correcting errors in prior year returns and follow the relevant guidance.
3. AICPA Code of Professional Conduct: As a member of the AICPA, Paul is bound by the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct. The code sets forth ethical principles and rules that govern the behavior of CPAs. Paul should consider the code's provisions related to professional competence, due professional care, and responsibilities to clients and the public in addressing the errors.
In summary, Paul has an ethical and professional obligation to rectify the errors in the prior year returns, regardless of whether the clients are current or former. He should follow the guidelines outlined in Circular 230, the SSTSs, and the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct to ensure appropriate actions are taken to correct the errors and mitigate any potential negative consequences for the affected individuals.
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Company X needs to hire an annual insurance for its factories. The insurance company offers three potential agreements: - Option A: monthly payment of £3,000 and a fixed annual payment of £41,000. - Option B: monthly payment of £1,500 per factory. - Option C: fixed annual payment of £30,000. Managers of Company X need to decide which is the best option considering the existence of 15 factories. Company X has an annual budget of £50,000 for the insurance agreement. Considering this information, which of the following statements is true? a. Company X can accept Option A or Option B. b. Company X can accept Option A. c. Company X cannot accept any of the three options. d. None of the answers is true.
- Option A:
Monthly payment: £3,000
Fixed annual payment: £41,000
- Option B:
Monthly payment per factory: £1,500
Number of factories: 15
- Option C:
Fixed annual payment: £30,000
Considering that Company X has an annual budget of £50,000 for the insurance agreement, let's analyze the options:
For Option A:
The annual cost would be the sum of the monthly payments and the fixed annual payment:
Total annual cost = (Monthly payment × 12) + Fixed annual payment
= £77,000
Since £77,000 exceeds the annual budget of £50,000, Option A is not feasible.
For Option B:
The monthly payment per factory is £1,500, and there are 15 factories:
Total monthly cost = Monthly payment per factory × Number of factories
= £22,500
The total annual cost would be 12 times the total monthly cost:
Total annual cost = Total monthly cost × 12
= £22,500 × 12
= £270,000
Since £270,000 exceeds the annual budget of £50,000, Option B is not feasible.
For Option C:
The fixed annual payment is £30,000.
Since £30,000 is less than the annual budget of £50,000, Option C is feasible.
c. Company X cannot accept any of the three options.
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********No plagrism******At least 250 words.
Critique the structure of the beer industry and how it affects
the choice of strategy.
The beer industry is composed of various companies that produce and market beer, which is an alcoholic beverage. The industry is further broken down into segments, including brewpubs, microbreweries, regional breweries, and national breweries.
The following paragraphs will discuss the structure of the beer industry and how it influences the selection of strategy -
The beer industry's structure includes producers, suppliers, distributors, and retailers. The industry is highly concentrated, with a few companies controlling the vast majority of sales. The industry is dominated by Anheuser-Busch InBev, SABMiller, and Heineken.
The industry is highly competitive, with companies vying for market share and sales.The beer industry's structure has a significant impact on the choice of strategy. Companies in the industry need to consider the following factors when selecting a strategy: the level of competition, the target market, and the regulatory environment. A company's choice of strategy will depend on its goals and objectives, as well as the external factors that affect the industry.
Overall, the structure of the beer industry has a significant impact on the choice of strategy. Companies need to consider the level of competition, target market, and regulatory environment when selecting a strategy. Companies need to differentiate their products, appeal to their target market, and ensure that they are compliant with all regulations to succeed in the industry.
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The standard deviation of return on investment A is 10 percent, while the standard deviation of return on investment B is 5 percent. If the covariance o returns on A and B is 40 percent, the correlation coefficient between the returns on A and B is (correlation is a number between −1 and +1 ) An investor can design a risk-free portfolio based on two stocks, A and B. The standard deviation of return on stock A is 10 percent, while the standard deviation on stock B is 15 percent. The correlation coefficient between the returns on A and B is −1. What is the percent weight in stock A to get a portfolio with zero risk?
Correlation coefficient The correlation coefficient is a mathematical calculation that measures the relationship between two variables, which is generally indicated by r, a value that ranges from -1 to 1.
A positive correlation is present when one variable increases when the other increases, whereas a negative correlation exists when one variable decreases when the other increases.Standard deviationStandard deviation is a measure of variability or dispersion in data, which indicates how much the individual data points diverge from the mean of the dataset.
It is given by the square root of variance.
σ = sqrt(∑(Xi - μ)2 / n)
Here, Xi denotes each data point, μ denotes the mean of the dataset, and n denotes the total number of data points.CovarianceCovariance is a statistical measure that indicates the degree to which two random variables are related.
It is given by the formula
:Covariance = ∑(Xi - μ) (Yi - ν) / n-1
Here, Xi and Yi represent the ith observation of two different variables, μ and ν represent their respective means, and n denotes the number of observations.Percent weight in stock AFormula to calculate the percent weight in stock A for zero risk is shown below:
Percent weight in stock
A = (σb^2 - σab) / (σa^2 + σb^2 - 2σab)
where,
σa = Standard deviation of stock Aσb = Standard deviation of stock Bσab = Covariance between the returns of stocks A and B
Calculation Given,
Standard deviation of stock A,
σa = 10%Standard deviation of stock B, σb = 15%Correlation coefficient between the returns of stocks A and B, r = -1
Covariance between the returns of stocks A and B,
σab = r σa σb= -1 × 10% × 15% = -1.5%
To obtain zero risk portfolio, we must set the variance to zero.
Percent weight in stock A = (σb^2 - σab) / (σa^2 + σb^2 - 2σab
)Percent weight in stock A = (0 - (-1.5%)) / (10%^2 + 15%^2 - 2 × 10% × 15%)
Percent weight in stock A = 30%
Therefore, the percent weight in stock A required to get a portfolio with zero risk is 30%.
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Butler, Inc., has a target debt-equity ratio of 1.55. Its WACC is 9.8 percent, and the tax rate is 21 percent.
a. If the company’s cost of equity is 13.6 percent, what is its pretax cost of debt? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
b. If instead you know that the aftertax cost of debt is 6.8 percent, what is the cost of equity? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
Butler, Inc., is a company that has a target debt-equity ratio of 1.55, a WACC of 9.8 percent, and a tax rate of 21 percent. Based on the information given, the following questions can be answered.
Pretax cost of debt = (WACC - (Weight of equity * Cost of equity))) / Weight of debt Where: WACC = 9.8%Weight of equity = 1 / (1 + 1.55) = 0.392Weight of debt = 1 - 0.392 = 0.608Cost of equity = 13.6%Using the above values, we get:
Pretax cost of debt = (9.8% - (0.392 * 13.6%)) / 0.608= (9.8% - 5.3312%) / 0.608= 4.4688% / 0.608= 7.35% (approx)Therefore, the company's pretax cost of debt is 7.35%.b.
The cost of equity can be calculated using the following formula: WACC = (Weight of equity * Cost of equity) + (Weight of debt * After tax cost of debt *(1 - Tax rate)).
9.8% = (0.392 * Cost of equity) + (0.608 * 6.8% * (1 - 21%))= 0.392 * Cost of equity + 0.327584%= 0.392 * Cost of equity + 0.0327584Cost of equity = (9.8% - 0.327584%) / 0.392= 25.03% (approx) Therefore, the cost of equity is 25.03%.
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Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 relieves insiders of liability for transactions that occur within eighteen months before becoming an insider.
True
False
A(n) ________ is an exemption from registration that permits local businesses to raise capital from local investors to be used in the local economy without the need to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
A.private placement exemption
B.regulation A offering
C.nonissuer exemption
D.intrastate offering exemption
If a limited liability company (LLC) does not keep minutes of the company's meetings, the members become personally liable for the LLC's debts.
True
False
The answer for the first question is False. Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 does not relieve insiders of liability for transactions that occur within eighteen months before becoming an insider.
The Section actually calls for the return of short-swing profits to the corporation. Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act applies to reporting companies and their insiders.
Secondly, the answer for the second question is D. intrastate offering exemption. A(n) intrastate offering exemption is an exemption from registration that permits local businesses to raise capital from local investors to be used in the local economy without the need to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Lastly, the answer for the third question is False. If a limited liability company (LLC) does not keep minutes of the company's meetings, the members do not become personally liable for the LLC's debts.
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If you provided with LM, which is given as m/p=()+(y), where mp is real money supply, r, is real interest rate and y is real output:
i. Derive the money multiplier,
ii. Based on the money multiplier, discuss the effectiveness of monetary policy in the context of IS-LM framework
The relationship between the real money supply, real interest rate, and real output can be expressed mathematically as m/p = L(r, y), where L is the demand for real money balances.
The money supply can be increased or decreased by the monetary authority to control interest rates and stabilize the economy.
This process is known as monetary policy. In this context, the money multiplier can be derived as follows:
i. Derive the money multiplier
The money multiplier is a measure of the amount of money that can be created by the banking system from a given amount of reserves. The money multiplier formula is defined as the ratio of the change in the money supply to the change in the monetary base.
The monetary base is the sum of currency in circulation and reserves. To derive the money multiplier from the LM equation, we start with the quantity equation:
m x v = p x y
where m is the nominal money supply,
v is the velocity of money,
p is the price level,
and y is real output.
The monetary base is equal to reserves plus currency in circulation. If the reserve requirement is 10%, then the money multiplier is 1/0.1 = 10.
ii. Based on the money multiplier, discuss the effectiveness of monetary policy in the context of IS-LM framework. The money multiplier tells us how much the money supply will change in response to a change in the monetary base. The effectiveness of monetary policy depends on the size of the money multiplier.
If the money multiplier is high, then a given change in the monetary base will have a larger impact on the money supply and interest rates. Conversely, if the money multiplier is low, then a given change in the monetary base will have a smaller impact on the money supply and interest rates.
In the IS-LM framework, monetary policy works by shifting the LM curve. An expansionary monetary policy will increase the money supply and reduce interest rates, shifting the LM curve to the right.
Overall, the effectiveness of monetary policy depends on the size of the money multiplier and the slope of the LM curve.
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Jasper Auto Inc is going to invest in a new machine to produce Part A. The cost of the machine is $600,000. Part A will have variable cost per unit of $95.00 and the sales price per unit will be $150.00. Fixed costs will be $75,000. The machine is expected to have a life of ten years. Jasper Auto requires a return of 12% on their investments. Required: Ignoring the effect of taxes, calculate the following. Round your answers to two decimal points: a. Accounting Break-even quantity (2 marks) b. Cash Break-even quantity (2 marks) c. Financial Break-even quantity (4 marks) d. Degree of operating leverage
Accounting Break-even quantity:Accounting Break-even quantity refers to the point where the total revenue earned is equal to total cost incurred.
Hence, we have the following formulae:$$ Accounting\ break-even\ quantity = \frac{Fixed\ Cost + Depreciation}{Sales\ price\ per\ unit - Variable\ cost\ per\ unit} $$Substituting the values, we get:$$ Accounting\ break-even\ quantity = \frac{75000 + \frac{600000}{10}}{150-95} $$$$ Accounting\ break-even\ quantity = 2000 $$Hence, the Accounting Break-even quantity is 2000 units.
Hence, we have the following formulae:$$ Degree\ of\ operating\ leverage = \frac{Percentage\ change\ in\ Net\ Income}{Percentage\ change\ in\ Sales} $$Net Income is defined as the difference between sales and total costs. Hence, we have:$$ Net\ Income = (Sales\ price\ per\ unit \times Q) - (Variable\ cost\ per\ unit \times Q) - Fixed\ Cost - \frac{Cost\ of\ machine}{Life\ of\ machine} $$$$ Net\ Income = (150 \times Q) - (95 \times Q) - 75000 - \frac{600000}{10} $$$$ Net\ Income = 55Q - 135000 $$Where Q is the quantity produced.Substituting the value for Q, we get:$$ Net\ Income = 55(2000) - 135000 $$$$ Net\ Income = 85000 $$We can calculate the net income for another quantity as well.
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A classified balance sheet involves: Select one: Providing more detailed information regarding a company's existing assets and liabilities Presenting the balance sheet in a specific format, based on the standard by industry Grouping assets and liabilities into current and non-current assets and liabilities Organising the revenue and expense line items from largest to smallest
A classified balance sheet involves grouping assets and liabilities into current and non-current categories.
This classification helps provide more detailed information regarding a company's existing assets and liabilities. By separating current assets (those expected to be converted into cash within one year) from non-current assets (those expected to provide economic benefits for more than one year), and current liabilities (those due within one year) from non-current liabilities (those due after one year), the balance sheet offers a clearer picture of an organization's financial position. This classification allows users of the financial statements to assess the company's liquidity, solvency, and long-term stability. The presentation format of the balance sheet may vary across industries, but the classification of assets and liabilities into current and non-current is a fundamental aspect of a classified balance sheet.
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Scenario: You are working as a summer intern at the ABC Consulting company and reporting to a Managing Director. The Managing Director has recently secured a new client - The Barcelona Airbnb. With the ban lifted and legal issues subside, the client wants to rebuild the business. As a result, the Managing Director requires your assistance in putting together a comprehensive report that includes the following key elements. The first order of business is to rebuild the business. The Managing Director wants you to help develop what it takes to be in an innovation leadership capacity and the ingredients to form an innovative organization. Provide a detailed description to what it takes to be in (1) innovation leadership capacity and (2) the ingredients to form an innovative organization.
Innovation is the driving force behind business growth and development, and as a result, it is critical for businesses to develop a culture of innovation that enables them to become innovative organizations. The following are the elements required for innovation leadership capacity: Innovation leadership capacity requires creativity, and creative thinking is essential for innovative organizations to thrive.
An innovation leader must be open to new ideas and be able to think outside the box to develop new and innovative solutions to problems. A strong sense of direction is essential for an innovation leader. They must be able to communicate the company's vision and objectives effectively, as well as identify and pursue new opportunities to achieve these objectives. An innovation leader must be a risk-taker, willing to take risks in pursuit of new and innovative ideas. They must be able to assess the risks and potential rewards of a new venture and make an informed decision about whether or not to pursue it.
An innovation leader must be an effective communicator, able to motivate and inspire their team to achieve great things. They must be able to communicate their vision and ideas effectively to all members of the organization, as well as to external stakeholders and customers. To form an innovative organization, the following ingredients are required: An open culture is required for innovative organizations. This means encouraging the exchange of ideas, open communication and collaboration, and a willingness to learn from failure.The development of a strong sense of direction and purpose is required for innovative organizations. The company's vision and goals must be clearly communicated to all members of the organization, and everyone must be committed to achieving them.
Innovative organizations must have a culture of experimentation, allowing for new and innovative ideas to be explored and developed. This includes a willingness to take risks and learn from failures. Innovative organizations must prioritize continuous learning, ensuring that employees are constantly developing new skills and acquiring knowledge that will enable them to create innovative solutions to problems. In conclusion, Innovation leadership capacity and innovative organizations require creativity, a strong sense of direction, a risk-taking attitude, effective communication skills, an open culture, a commitment to continuous learning and development, and a willingness to experiment and learn from failure.
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identify the correct source of the wage differential in the following scenarios. both riley and his twin brother, roland, work for a package delivery company. riley delivers cookies and cakes to local grocery stores and makes $18/hour . roland, who is responsible for the transport of chemicals to and from the local university, earns $25/hour .
The wage differential between Riley and Roland is likely influenced by the differing job responsibilities, education and training, market demand, and experience/seniority levels. These factors collectively determine the value of each position within the package delivery company and justify the differences in their wages.
The wage differential between Riley and Roland can be attributed to several factors:
1. Job Responsibilities: Riley delivers cookies and cakes to local grocery stores, which may require less specialized skills and knowledge compared to Roland's responsibility of transporting chemicals to and from the local university. The higher wage for Roland reflects the higher level of expertise and potential risks associated with handling chemicals.
2. Education and Training: It is possible that Roland has received additional education or training that qualifies him for the higher-paying position. For example, he may have a degree or certification in chemistry or transportation logistics, which increases his value to the company and justifies the higher wage.
3. Market Demand: The wage differential may also be influenced by the market demand for each type of job. If there is a higher demand for workers with Roland's skills and expertise in transporting chemicals, the company may need to offer a higher wage to attract and retain qualified individuals.
4. Experience and Seniority: Another factor that can contribute to wage differentials is the level of experience and seniority in the company. If Roland has been with the company for a longer period or has more experience in his field, he may be compensated at a higher rate due to his proven track record and accumulated knowledge.
In summary, the wage differential between Riley and Roland is likely influenced by the differing job responsibilities, education and training, market demand, and experience/seniority levels. These factors collectively determine the value of each position within the package delivery company and justify the differences in their wages.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of risk associated with futures contracts? a. basis risk b. liquidity risk c, market risk d. postpayment risk
Futures contracts are legal agreements that specify a standardized quantity and quality of a commodity to be delivered on a predetermined date at a specified location. Futures contracts are standardized in terms of size, quality, delivery dates, and settlement procedures.
This means that futures contracts are standardized agreements that minimize risks and uncertainties. Futures contracts are also highly leveraged, which means that traders can use a small amount of money to control a large quantity of a commodity. This high leverage increases the potential for gains and losses and hence increases the risk associated with futures contracts. Futures contracts are also subject to different types of risk. The following are types of risks associated with futures contracts:
Basis risk - is the risk of a mismatch between the cash price of a commodity and the futures price of that commodity. This risk arises because the futures price of a commodity is based on a different location, quality, or grade of that commodity than the cash price. This risk can be hedged by taking an offsetting position in the cash market.
Liquidity risk - is the risk of not being able to buy or sell a futures contract at the desired price. This risk arises because futures contracts trade in an open and competitive market, and the prices are subject to supply and demand factors. This risk can be mitigated by trading in markets with high liquidity and by using limit orders.
Market risk - is the risk of a change in the price of the underlying commodity that affects the value of the futures contract. This risk arises because the value of a futures contract is directly tied to the price of the underlying commodity. This risk can be hedged by taking an offsetting position in the cash market or in another futures contract.
Post-payment risk - is the risk that a party will default on the settlement of a futures contract after the delivery of the underlying commodity. This risk can be mitigated by trading on exchanges that have a clearinghouse system, which guarantees the settlement of all contracts.
Therefore, the type of risk that is not associated with futures contracts is post-payment risk (d). The other three types of risk (basis risk, liquidity risk, and market risk) are associated with futures contracts.
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Which of the following companies is most committed to the shareholder value approach?] A) Company A, when it decides to expand from a microchip manufacturer to an on-line internet company. B) Company B, a bank that acts on opportunities to buy other distressed banks cheaply in order to grow its deposit base. C) Company C, an auto company that focuses on cost cutbacks and pension rollback to improve the bottom line. D) Company D, a software company that introduces to its mission statement shareholder values initiatives such as salary freezes.
The company that is most committed to the shareholder value approach is D) Company D, a software company that introduces to its mission statement shareholder values initiatives such as salary freezes.
Shareholder value approach is an approach that believes in enhancing the value of an organization for its shareholders by means of growth, profitability, and operational efficiencies. It is a term that refers to the maximization of shareholder wealth. Shareholder value maximization is an important issue for all businesses.Companies A, B, and C, all focus on growth, cutting costs, and expanding their deposit base, respectively.
These activities are geared towards maximizing profit but do not explicitly reflect a commitment to shareholder value. They all fall short of Company D’s commitment to incorporating shareholder value initiatives into its mission statement. By introducing initiatives such as salary freezes, Company D is demonstrating its commitment to maximizing the value of its organization for its shareholders.
In conclusion, Company D is the most committed to the shareholder value approach out of the four companies mentioned.
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PMF, Inc., can deduct interest expenses next year up to 30% of EBIT. This limit is equally likely to be $6 million, $14 million, or $22 million. Its corporate tax rate is 35%, and investors pay a 15% tax rate on income from equity and a 35% tax rate on interest income. a. What is the effective tax advantage of debt if PMF has interest expenses of $5 million this coming year? b. What is the effective tax advantage of debt for interest expenses in excess of $22 million? (Ignore carryforwards). c. What is the expected effective tax advantage of debt for interest expenses between $6 million and $14 million? (Ignore carryforwards). d. What level of interest expense provides PMF with the greatest tax benefit?
a) Effective tax advantage of debt If PMF has interest expenses of $5 million in the coming year, then the EBIT would be $16.7 million.($5m / (1-0.35)) = $16.7mEBIT = $16.7m
$16.7m - $5m = $11.7m Without debt, taxable income will be:
$16.7m * (1-0.35) = $10.8m
The tax advantage of the debt would be $900,000.($11.7m * 0.15) - ($5m * 0.35) = $900,000
b) Effective tax advantage of debt for interest expenses in excess of $22 million If PMF has interest expenses exceeding $22 million, they will not receive any tax benefit since the deduction is capped at $22 million.
Answer: No tax advantage will be achieved.
c) Expected effective tax advantage of debt for interest expenses between $6 million and $14 million
$14m * 1/3 + $22m * 1/3 + $6m * 1/3 = $14m
The expected tax advantage of debt will be:
$14m * 0.3 = $4.2m
$20m - $4.2m = $15.8m
$15.8m * 0.15 - $4.2m * 0.35 = $285,000
d) Level of interest expense that provides the greatest tax benefit PMF can maximize the tax advantage of debt by maximizing the deductible interest expense.
Answer: $22 million.
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You are the financial analyst for the Glad It’s Finally Over Company. The director of capital budgeting has asked you to analyze a proposed capital investment. The project has a cost of $35,000 and the cost of capital is 8%. The project’s expected net cash flows are as follows:
Data for Problems 1 – 5
Year Expected Net Cash Flow
0 ($35,000)
1 $14,500
2 $11,000
3 $11,000
4 $5,000
1. If the cash inflows are received throughout the year, the payback period given this scenario is _____ years (Fill in the blank with your calculation result of two decimal places).
2. If the cash inflows are received throughout the year, the project’s discounted payback period is ___ years (Fill in the blank with your calculation result of two decimal places).
3. The project’s Net Present Value is $_______, (rounded to 2 decimal places)
4. The project’s Internal Rate of Return is ______%, (rounded to 2 decimal places)
5. The project’s modified Internal Rate of Return is ______%, (rounded to 2 decimal places).
1 .If the cash inflows are received throughout the year, the payback period given this scenario is 3.3 years. 2. If the cash inflows are received throughout the year, the project’s discounted payback period is 3.03 years.3 The project’s Net Present Value is $139.35 4.The project’s Internal Rate of Return is 11.78%. 5.The project’s modified Internal Rate of Return is 11.43%.
To calculate the payback period, discounted payback period, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and modified internal rate of return (MIRR) for the proposed capital investment, we'll use the given data and the cost of capital of 8%. Let's calculate each of these measures:
Payback Period:
To calculate the payback period, we need to determine the time it takes for the cumulative cash inflows to equal or exceed the initial investment.
Year 0: ($35,000)
Year 1: $14,500
Year 2: $11,000
Year 3: $11,000
Year 4: $5,000
The cumulative cash inflows are as follows:
Year 1: $14,500
Year 2: $14,500 + $11,000 = $25,500
Year 3: $25,500 + $11,000 = $36,500
Year 4: $36,500 + $5,000 = $41,500
The payback period is the time it takes for the cumulative cash inflows to reach or exceed the initial investment of $35,000.
Payback period = 3 + ($35,000 - $36,500) / $5,000
Payback period = 3.3 years
Therefore, the payback period is 3.3 years.
Discounted Payback Period:
To calculate the discounted payback period, we consider the present value of the cash inflows.
Using the formula for present value (PV) of cash flows:
PV = CF / (1 + r)^n
Where CF is the cash flow, r is the discount rate, and n is the year.
Year 0: ($35,000) [no discounting]
Year 1: $14,500 / (1 + 0.08)^1 = $13,425.93
Year 2: $11,000 / (1 + 0.08)^2 = $9,623.89
Year 3: $11,000 / (1 + 0.08)^3 = $8,404.06
Year 4: $5,000 / (1 + 0.08)^4 = $3,561.47
The cumulative discounted cash inflows are as follows:
Year 1: $13,425.93
Year 2: $13,425.93 + $9,623.89 = $23,049.82
Year 3: $23,049.82 + $8,404.06 = $31,453.88
Year 4: $31,453.88 + $3,561.47 = $34,015.35
The discounted payback period is the time it takes for the cumulative discounted cash inflows to reach or exceed the initial investment of $35,000.
Discounted payback period = 3 + ($35,000 - $34,015.35) / $3,561.47
Discounted payback period = 3.03 years
Therefore, the discounted payback period is 3.03 years.
Net Present Value (NPV):
To calculate the NPV, we sum the present values of the cash flows and subtract the initial investment.
NPV = PV of cash inflows - Initial investment
NPV = $13,425.93 + $9,623.89 + $8,404.06 + $3,561.47 - $35,000
NPV = $139.35
Therefore, the NPV is $139.35.
Internal Rate of Return (IRR):
To calculate the IRR, we find the discount rate that makes the NPV equal to zero. We can use a financial calculator or spreadsheet software to find the IRR.
IRR = 11.78%
Therefore, the IRR is 11.78%.
Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR):
MIRR considers both the cost of capital for cash outflows and a reinvestment rate for cash inflows. We can use a financial calculator or spreadsheet software to find the MIRR.
MIRR = 11.43%
Therefore, the MIRR is 11.43%.
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Philippine Taxation:
What could be the reason behind the imposition of the final withholding of taxes? Explain.
The CREATE law abandoned the improperly accumulated earnings tax. What impact does it have on the taxing system, and the taxpayer/s? Discuss.
Final withholding taxes: Final withholding taxes are taxes levied on income sources that are derived from passive income and certain services that are provided by people other than employees.
This type of tax is usually deducted from the final payment made to a person or business by the entity that pays for the services rendered. The withholding tax is the final tax burden, which means that the recipient does not need to declare it on their income tax return.
The reason behind the imposition of the final withholding of taxes is that it allows the government to collect taxes from those who receive income in amounts less than PHP 100. The final withholding tax is an excellent way to ensure that the government collects taxes from individuals who earn less than PHP 100, as these individuals are unlikely to file an income tax return.
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The owners of a small manufacturing concern have hired a vice president to run the company with the expectation that he will buy the company after five years. After the five-year time period, the purchase price for the company is set at 4.5 times earnings (profit), computed as average annual profitability over the next five years. Assume the company will be worth $10 million in five years. The goal of the owners of the firm is to maximize profits.
True or False: This contract aligns the incentives of the new vice president with the profitability goals of the firm's owners.
True
False
The statement "True or False: This contract aligns the incentives of the new vice president with the profitability goals of the firm's owners" implies that the contract is aimed at promoting the goal of the owners of the firm which is to maximize profit.
From the contract given, the owners of a small manufacturing concern have hired a vice president to run the company with the expectation that he will buy the company after five years. After the five-year time period, the purchase price for the company is set at 4.5 times earnings (profit), computed as average annual profitability over the next five years.
The new vice president will want to ensure that the company records high profits in order to be able to buy the company at the end of the 5 years time period. This in turn will align the incentives of the new vice president with the profitability goals of the firm's owners. The answer to the question is TRUE.
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FRESH SLICE PIZZA
Evaluate internal and external environment
Establish business portfolio
Fresh Slice Pizza has a strong internal environment that is dedicated to producing high-quality pizzas. The external environment is challenging as Fresh Slice Pizza is competing against well-established pizza chains. Fresh Slice Pizza could expand its business portfolio by introducing new pizza options and focusing on developing unique and healthy pizzas.
Internal and External Environment:
The internal environment of Fresh Slice Pizza is strong, as the company's management team is committed to providing high-quality pizzas to its customers. The company has a well-trained staff and uses fresh ingredients to make their pizzas. However, Fresh Slice Pizza is competing with various other pizza chains, and as a result, the external environment is challenging. These other pizza chains are well established and have a large customer base, making it difficult for Fresh Slice Pizza to compete.
Establish Business Portfolio:
Fresh Slice Pizza has an extensive range of pizza options, including vegetarian and meat options. Fresh Slice Pizza has already established itself in the market, but the company should also expand its business portfolio by adding a few more options to its menu. They should focus on developing unique and healthy pizzas that could help attract more customers to their pizza franchise. Fresh Slice Pizza could expand its menu options and offer more vegan and gluten-free pizza options for customers who have dietary restrictions.
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