The Plasma membrane of the enveloped alga cell serves as the source of the apicoplast's second outermost membrane.
Where did all chloroplasts come from?Following the endosymbiotic establishment of chloroplasts in eukaryotes by a cyanobacterium, their proliferation was facilitated by the diversification of eukaryotic hosts and the subsequent engulfment of eukaryotic algae by formerly nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes.
How did eukaryotic cells develop mitochondria and chloroplasts?Chloroplasts and mitochondria most likely developed from absorbed bacteria that originally existed as autonomous entities. An aerobic bacterium was eventually swallowed by a eukaryotic cell, which later established an endosymbiotic bond with the host eukaryote and gradually transformed into a mitochondrion.
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which statement is false? a) a carrot is an example of a taproot. b) white potatoes are modified plant roots. c) stalks of celery are the petioles of the plant. d) the layers of an onion are actually modified leaves.
Answer:
Option B
Explanation:
A plant basically consists of a root, stem and leaves. However, these structures can undergo modifications and form some foods that we know.
Analyzing the alternatives, we can analyze that:
a) is correct because the carrot really is the taproot and there are smaller roots that start from the taproot.b) is incorrect because white potatoes are modified stems (tubers) and not roots.c) is correct because celery stalks are the stalk of the leaf and are called the petiole.d) is correct because the layers of the onion are actually composed of modified leaves.Therefore, the answer is option "B".
julia has 2/5 of the number of frogs rimma has. if rimma gives 1/2 of her frogs to julia, what will be the ratio of the number of frogs julia has. to the number of frogs rimma has?
The answer is Ratio of Julia's frogs to Rimma's frogs is 9:5.
Rimma = x
Julia = 2/5 x
Rimma gives away 1/2 of her frogs.
Now Rimma has 1/2x and Julia has 2/5x + 1/2x=4/10x +5/10x =9/10x
Ratios are fractions so put Julia's on top of Rimma's and simplify.
(9/10 x) / (1/2x)
The x's will cancel. Invert the second fraction and multiply.
(9/10)*(2/1) = 18/10= 9/5
Ratio of Julia's frogs to Rimma's frogs is 9:5.
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griffith's experiments with s. pneumoniae were significant because they showed that traits could be transferred from one organism to another. what else did he find that was significant? griffith's experiments with s. pneumoniae were significant because they showed that traits could be transferred from one organism to another. what else did he find that was significant? a virus made the bacteria pathogenic protein could not be the genetic material dna was the genetic material heat kills bacteria the transferred traits were heritable
Griffith's experiments with s. pneumoniae were significant because they showed that traits could be transferred from one organism to another. he find that the transferred traits were heritable.
Griffith's experiments with S. pneumoniae were important because they showed that traits can be transmitted from one organism to another and that these transmitted traits are known as heritable traits. did. Another experiment conducted by Hershey and Chase confirmed that DNA is actually genetic material, not protein.
Hershey and Chase were able to separate the phage into radioactive sulfur-containing protein ghosts and radioactive phosphorus-containing DNA. They found that radioactive sulfur protein ghosts can stick to bacterial membranes, but radioactive phosphorous DNA cannot.
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which processes are functions of antidiuretic hormone? select all that apply. one, some, or all responses may be correct.
A hormone that aids in blood vessel constriction and aids the kidneys in managing the body's salt and water levels.
What actions does antidiuretic hormone perform?a hormone that aids in blood vessel constriction and aids the kidneys in controlling the body's salt and water levels. This regulates both blood pressure and urine production.
What are the choose all that apply antidiuretic hormone's functions?Anti-diuretic hormone regulates the amount of water and subsequently the concentration of urine discharged by the kidney to maintain blood pressure, blood volume, and tissue water contentnti. Adiuretic hormone (ADH) stimulates water reabsorption as its main renal impact.
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which of these statements about heritability is false? group of answer choices twin studies can offer insight into broad sense heritability of human traits. heritability measures the extent to which environmental variation contributes to the total phenotypic variation. broad sense heritability measures the ratio of genetic variance to phenotypic variance. narrow sense heritability measures the contribution of additive genotypic variance to phenotypic variance. high narrow sense heritability values are correlated with a greater degree of response to artificial selection.
heritability do not measures the extent to which environmental variation contributes to the total phenotypic variation.
The amount of phenotypic variable that can be attributed to genetic variance is known as heritability, and it is a key indicator of how well a population will react to either artificial or natural selection.
Think about, for instance, a 2001 study by researcher Patrik Waldmann on the endangered shrub Scabiosa canescens. This plant is frequently found in extremely small populations, like many uncommon species. Since these populations are predicted to have little genetic variety, their capacity for adaptation would be constrained.
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DUE IN 30 MINUTES I NEED HELP RN!!!
1. Two things that are found in plant but not animal cells are chloroplast and cell wall
2. Plant cell is pentahedral while animal cells have no regular shape.
3. The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis
4. The vacuole is a site for storing
Plant vs animal cellPlant cells are generally found in green plants while animal cells are found in animals. Both cells are eukaryotic in nature. However, they have some differences, including:
Plant cells have cell walls made mainly of polysaccharides while animal cells lack cell walls entirely.Due to the rigid cell wall, plant cells assume a unique rectangular shape while animals, due to the absence of cell walls, lack regular shapes.Plant cells have chloroplasts, a structure that contains chlorophyll and acts as the site of photosynthesis in plants. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts and neither do they photosynthesize.Both plant and animal cells have vacuoles. The vacuole in animal cells is small and helps to sequester waste products. The vacuole in plant cells, on the other hand, is big and helps the cell to maintain water balance.
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1. compare your d1s80 pcr product with those of the rest of the class. did any students have genotypes similar to yours? how could you explain such similarities?
Although each student's mitochondrial DNA is unique due to the fact that we all inherited it from our mothers, the sequences of our PCR results will be the same because the same region is being amplified.
The sequences of our PCR findings will be the same because the same region is being amplified, despite the fact that each student's mitochondrial DNA is distinct because we all received it from our mothers. Each cell has hundreds to thousands of mitochondria, which are found in the fluid surrounding the nucleus (the cytoplasm).
Chromosomes present in the nucleus hold the majority of DNA, while mitochondria only store a small quantity of their own DNA. The term "mtDNA," or mitochondrial DNA, is used to describe this genetic material. 16,500 DNA base pairs, or around 5% of the total DNA base pairs in human mitochondria, make up.
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how do biologists interpret the fact that organisms that populate islands are similar but not the same as the ones on the closest continents
Biologist interprets the fact that organisms that populate islands are similar but not the same as the ones on the closest continents as follows: organisms that island and mainland forms descended from common ancestors, but differs along the way to adapt to their habitat.
What is adaptation?Adaptation is a trait that helps organisms to survive and reproduce in their environment. Adaptation makes organisms able to adjust to their immediate habitat and surroundings. That is why organisms that populate islands are similar but are not the same as the closest continents because it has already adapted to survive in their habitat.
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Which of the images represents mitosis and why?
Following the end of the G2 phase of interphase, the first step of mitosis is known as prophase. The parent cell's chromosomes, which were duplicated during S phase, condense and became much smaller than they did during interphase during prophase. The two identical sister chromatids that make up each duplicated chromosome are connected at a location known as the centromere, giving these structures the appearance of being X-shaped bodies when seen under a microscope. Cohesin and condensin are two DNA-binding proteins that catalyze the condensation reaction. Condensin generates rings that coil the chromosomes into extremely compact shapes, whereas cohesin forms rings that keep the sister chromatids together.
What structures did you note at the caudal end of your pig specimen?.
In this activity, you will look at how the various bodily systems you have learned about this semester are organized in relation to a single specimen, the fetus.
What is the pig's tail region known as?In reference to the tail, inferior is used for humans and posterior for pigs (toward the feet). Caudal can refer to either direction of the animal's "tail end" in either situation.
What directional phrase describes the fetal pig's head end?The term "anterior" refers to the top. A structure is closer to the head if it is anterior to another structure. The word "posterior" means "at the end." Dorsal is a term for the back. Figure 1 depicts a pig that is lying on its dorsal side.
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This figure summarizes the geological histories of the terrestrial worlds. Based on this figure, what can you conclude?
Based on this figure the most important factor in a planet's geological history is its size.
Terrestrial planets include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars because of their compact, rocky surfaces that resemble terra firma on Earth. The four innermost planets in the solar system are the four terrestrial planets.
Impact cratering, volcanism, tectonic movement, and erosion are the four main geological processes. Earth has been hit by many objects, but the majority of the craters have been removed by other processes. Volcanic outgassing is responsible for the formation of our atmosphere and oceans.
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What is one explanation for why Lashley failed at finding the engram?
a. He used poor surgical methods.
b. Some memories do not depend on the cortex.
c. The engram is continually changing location in the cortex.
d. Classical conditioning had not been discovered yet.
The explanation for the failing of Lashley at finding the engram as some memories do not depend on the cortex. The correct option is b.
What is engram?An engram, as defined by Dianetics and Scientology, is a detailed mental image or memory of a traumatic event that occurred in the past while an individual was partially or completely unconscious.
A memory trace is an engram in neuropsychological terms, which is a hypothetical means of storing information as biophysical or biochemical changes in the brain (and other neural tissue) in response to external stimuli.
Lashley's failure to find the engram is explained by the fact that some memories do not rely on the cortex.
Thus, the correct option is b.
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In this assignment, describe how the cell parts work together to make a protein beginning with DNA (in the nucleus) and ending with exocytosis. How do the parts of a cell function to produce a protein and release it from the cell? Use the following terms CORRECTLY: DNA, RNA, ribosome, protein, Golgi Apparatus, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, nucleus. What do the following parts to do help? mitochondria, lysosomes, vesicles? Finally, what happens during exocytosis?
The instructions for making a protein are contained in the cell's DNA. When a protein is generated, a copy of the DNA (called mRNA) is synthesised and delivered to a ribosome. Ribosomes read information from mRNA and utilise it to assemble amino acids into proteins.
What is exocytosis?Exocytosis, which occurs when secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane, causes the release of vesicle content into the extracellular space and the integration of fresh proteins and lipids into the plasma membrane.
Proteins from the ER are processed and sorted in the Golgi apparatus, or Golgi complex, which serves as a factory where they are eventually transported to lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion. In order to regulate the pace and volume of vesicular content release, exocytosis strength, and mediate exocytosis plasticity, including synaptic plasticity, secretory cells use three exocytosis modes: full-collapse fusion, kiss-and-run, and compound exocytosis. Exocytosis facilitates cellular communication, waste elimination, and membrane development and repair.DNA serves as a template for the production of a messenger RNA molecule during transcription (mRNA). . After then, the mRNA molecule leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosome in the cytoplasm, wherein translation takes place. The genetic code in mRNA is read and utilized to build a protein during translation.To know more about DNA refer to:
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1) all of the following may function in signal transduction in plants except a) calcium ions. b) nonrandom mutations. c) receptor proteins. d) phytochrome. e) secondary messengers.
The correct answer is option B
B nonrandom mutations.
What is Mutation?
The DNA sequence varies from creature to organism. The order of the base pairs can occasionally shift. We refer to it as a mutation. Changes in proteins that are translated from the DNA by a mutation are possible.
A abrupt, heritable change in an organism's characteristics is called a mutation. One who demonstrates these heritable changes is referred regarded as a "mutant." Recessive genes are typically produced through mutations.
Genetic differences between animals are brought on by the mutation. Generations after generation inherit advantageous mutations.
For instance, sickle cell anemia results from a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin. The RBCs take on the shape of a sickle. The African population, however, is protected from malaria by this mutation.
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controversial solution used to stop the sporadic typhoid fever outbreaks attributed to ""typhoid mary""- was incarceration justifiable?
Mary Mallon, also referred to as Typhoid Mary, was an American chef of Irish descent who is thought to have exposed between 51 and 122 persons to typhoid fever. With estimations of up to 50 for unconfirmed mortality, the illnesses resulted in three verified fatalities. She was the initial American to be recognized as a carrier of the virulent strain of Salmonella typhi. She continued to work as a cook, exposing others to the illness. She eventually spent the last two decades of her life in a quarantine that was imposed upon her twice by the authorities. After spending close to 30 years in isolation, Mallon passed away.
What is typhoid?
Salmonella Typhi is a bacteria that can cause the potentially fatal infection typhoid fever. Typically, contaminated food or water is how it is disseminated. Typhoid affects an estimated 11 to 20 million people, and between 128 000 and 161 000 people die from it each year.
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TRUE/FALSE. the lateral collateral ligament originates on the lateral femoral condyle distally to the popliteus muscle origin and inserts on the fibular head.
False: The lateral collateral ligament does not begin on the lateral femoral condyle but rather inserts on the head of the fibula.
Where do the tibial collateral ligament's insertion and origin occur?107.1). The medial collateral ligament, or tibial collateral ligament, is a wide, flat, band-like ligament that connects the medial condyle of the femur to the medial part of the tibia shaft, right above the groove where the semimembranosus muscle attaches.
Do the lateral collateral ligament and the lateral meniscus have an attachment?Comparing the MCL to its anatomy: The LCL is known to be more cord-like than fan-like, in contrast to the medial collateral ligament (MCL), which is another difference between them.
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Students are comparing the functions of carbohydrates and lipids. Which cellular function would be shared between carbohydrates and lipids?.
Carbohydrates and lipids are both represented in the Venn diagram Both hold energy.
A Venn diagram is a widely known schematic style that portrays the logical connection among sets. It was popularised by John Venn in the 1880s. The diagrams are used in probability, logic, statistics, linguistics, and computer science to teach elementary set theory and to illustrate simple set relationships. As a result, a Venn diagram employs overlapping circles or other shapes to depict the logical relationships between two or more groups of items. They frequently serve to graphically organise things, highlighting how similar and different the items are. As a result, a full Venn diagram represents the union of two sets. n: Two-set intersection. The intersection demonstrates which items are shared by different categories.Carbohydrate, specifically glucose, is the primary source of energy for the majority of metabolic processes in the body. Lipids are an important source of energy and provide essential fatty acids for brain development. Carbohydrates and lipids work together to provide non-nitrogen.
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A laboratory investigation examined the growth rate of fruit flies in culture jars over time. The fruit flies were grown in an artificial medium containing nutrients and moisture. They were enclosed in a culture jar of a defined size. Initially, there were ten fruit flies in the experiment. The population reached 75 over the course of four weeks. However, after eight weeks, the population size leveled off and then decreased. Survival of fruit fly larvae declined after eight weeks. Which hypotheses are supported by the information in this scenario? select all that apply?.
During the first four weeks of the experiment, food was plentiful and the fly population exceeded capacity. Drosophila could not survive in the laboratory environment. Capacity decreased when no new food was added to the culture vessel.
Drosophila is chosen because of its high growth rate and short life cycle.
The carrying capacity of Drosophila has allowed them to reproduce at ever faster rates due to the large amount of food source supplied to the flies and the ability to continue the cycle.
Drosophila can reach growth rate limits in their natural habitat and are unable to reach the same growth rate once they reach an artificial environment.
Less carrying capacity unless new lining is added culture vessel. Over time, as the food source added to the jar decreased, the flies stopped growing and decreased in number.
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in a study to evaluate a test as a screen for the presence of a disease, 235 of the 250 people with the disease had a positive test and 600 of the 680 people without the disease had a negative test. based on this data, the specificity of the test for the disease is (check one)
The Correct option are C. 600/680 = 88%. The specificity of a test for a disease is the proportion or percentage of those without the disease who have a negative test.
Option A in this situation is the sensitivity, or the proportion of people with the condition who have a positive test.
Option B represents the false-negative rate, whereas
Option D represents the false-positive rate.
Option E is a nonsensical ratio of false-negative tests to false-positive tests.
The predictive values of positive and negative tests are critical features of a screening test. Determining these values necessitates information about the disease's prevalence in the screened population, as well as the sensitivity, specificity, and false-positive and false-negative rates.
Because most illnesses have a low prevalence, the percentage of people who have a positive test (the predictive value of a positive test) is generally low, even when sensitivity and specificity are high. When
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Full Question :In a study to evaluate a test as a screen for the presence of a disease, 235 of the 250 people with the disease had a positive test and 600 of the 680 people without the disease had a negative test. Based on this data, the specificity of the test for the disease is (check one)
A. 235/250 = 94%
B. 15/250 = 6%
C. 600/680 = 88%
D. 80/680 = 12%
E. 15/80 = 19%
An ideal gas contained in a piston-cylinder device undergoes an isothermal compression.
Thermodynamics. With an initial pressure of 110 kPa and a volume of 0.7 m3, an ideal gas is compressed isothermally inside of a piston-cylinder system.
What is an ideal gas, exactly?The term "ideal gas" refers to a hypothetical gas comprised of molecules that meet the following rules: The molecules of perfect gases are not attracted to one another or repel one another. When molecules of an ideal gas encounter, the only interaction would be an elastic collision, or an elastic collision with the container walls.
What sets optimum gas apart from flawless gas?According to physicists, a perfect gas is one that satisfies the ideal gas law and possesses a temperature-independent heat capacity. It is referred to as an ideal gas since it is perfect. Engineers utilize it because it follows the ideal gas law and has a heat capacity that varies with temperature.
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pd-1 is a negative co-stimulatory signal expressed by tumor cells. what advantage would the expression of pd-1 have in a tumor cell avoiding the immune response?
Tumor cells can avoid being killed by activated T cells.
Tumors are abnormal growths of body cells. Tumors occur when cells divide and grow excessively in the body.
The immune system should be able to help protect the body from cancer.
PD-1 therapy is a therapy that increases the effectiveness of the patient's immune system to fight tumor cells. The PD-1 molecule on tumor cells then interacts with the PD-1 receptor on T cells. The PD-1 molecule signals the T lymphocytes to stop working so that the lymphocytes experience anergy or even apoptosis. By producing PD-1, tumor cells can avoid lymphocyte attack.
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based on our current knowledge, about what proportion of exons in primary transcripts leave the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?
About 50% proportion of exons in primary transcripts leave the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
A gene's exons are the regions that code for proteins. Exons are mRNA coding regions where amino acids are codified. Numerous exons encode various protein domains. The domains can be encoded by a single exon or by several exons joined together. A portion of the genome that is contained within an mRNA molecule is known as an exon. Exons can be classified as "coding" or "non-coding," depending on whether they contain the instructions needed to make a protein. Exons and introns make up each gene in the genome.
Eukaryotic creatures are big and complicated because eukaryotic cells include nuclei that are encased in nuclear membranes. Eukaryotic cells are found in protozoa, fungi, plants, and mammals. They fall under the Eukaryotic kingdom. Plants, mammals, fungi, and protists all contain eukaryotic cells.
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Relate the effect of cloud seeding to water cycle in the UAE.
Although cloud seeding is frequently referred to as "creating" rain, it is actually more appropriately described as moving rain from one place to another. In other words, cloud seeding may only redistribute risk. Condensing water that is already present in cloud formations is known as cloud seeding.
How often is+ cloud seeding practiced in the UAE?It is the start of another cloud-seeding mission, one of nearly 200 that the NCMS conducts over the United Arab Emirates each year in an effort to artificially increase rainfall.
Silver iodide cloud seeding hasn't yet been found to have any negative environmental effects, according to experts. The amount of silver in a cloud-seeding storm is much lower than the accepted limit of 50 micrograms per liter.
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A client who tells the nurse thatshe would like to use the basalbody temperature method forfamilyplanningreceivesinstructions about the method.Which of the following clientstatements indicates to the nursethat the teaching has beensuccessful?A. "When my temperature remainselevated for 7 days, ovulation hasoccurred."B. "Taking my temperature in theevening just after dinner or beforeI go to bed is best."C."Because this method is not veryeffective, I should use other formsof contraception too."D. "It's important to take mytemperature at about the sametimeeverymorningbeforearising."
The basal body temperature method, which is based on fertility awareness, is a type of natural family planning.Thus correct answer (d) "It's important to take my temperature at about the same time every morning before arising.
The client who is following the basal body temperature approach should take her temperature for 5 minutes every morning before arising or beginning any activity. This prevents other things from potentially impacting body temperature, such as eating or moving.
A graph should be used to record the temperature reading. A modest dip in body temperature happens in some women immediately before ovulation. However, a woman cannot know when ovulation will occur until it has occurred.
Ovulation usually happens when a minor dip in body temperature is followed by a full degree increase. This temperature spike lasts throughout the duration of the menstrual cycle.
Taking the basal body temperature at times other than when the client first wakes up, such as before sleep, may result in erroneous results since the client's temperature can be impacted by a variety of circumstances, creating variations.
If the client is motivated and capable of doing the operation appropriately, basal body temperature can be an effective fertility management strategy.
Unfortunately, it is one of the most untrustworthy approaches. For a number of reasons, customers who choose this procedure do not want to employ alternative chemical or barrier treatments.
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although goats and sheep appear similar and can be mated (gametes fuse), their offspring are rarely born alive. this is an example of .
This is an example of chromosomal mismatch.
What is chromosomal?
Each cell's nucleus contains chromosomes, which are structures that resemble threads and contain the DNA molecule. Each chromosome is constructed from DNA that has been tightly wound around proteins called histones numerous times to support its structure.
When a cell is not dividing, chromosomes cannot be seen in the nucleus, not under a microscope. However, during cell division, the DNA that makes up chromosomes gets more compactly packed and becomes visible under a microscope. The majority of what scientists understand about chromosomes comes from studying them during cell division.
There is a huge difference between the goats and sheep's genetic maps.
sheep comes from the genus Ovis and consist 54 chromosome ,whereas goats comes from genus capra and consists 60 chromosomes .
Hence, due to chromosomal mismatch their offspring are rarely born alive.
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Why does it make sense that acetyl-coa stimulates the activity of pyuruvate carboxylase?.
Acetyl-CoA indicates that the conversion of fat to carbs is necessary. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase accumulation indicates a lack of citrate. NADH is produced for energy when pyruvate carboxylase is activated by acetyl-CoA.
Why is it logical that acetyl-CoA would cause pyruvate carboxylase to be activated?Acetyl-CoA selectively activates pyruvate carboxylase. When acetyl-CoA concentrations are high, organisms use pyruvate carboxylase to divert pyruvate from the TCA cycle because acetyl-CoA is a crucial metabolite in the TCA cycle that generates a lot of energy.
How does pyruvate carboxylase become activated by acetyl-CoA?The production of more oxaloacetate is triggered by an excess of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA. When lipolysis is induced, for instance, intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA levels rise, allosterically activating pyruvate carboxylase to produce more oxaloacetate for gluconeogenesis.
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cancer is best described as a . view available hint(s)for part a cancer is best described as a . viral disease genetic disorder at the cellular level bacterial disease at the somatic cell level genetic disease at the gametic cell level
The option B is correct : Genetic disorder at the cellular level Cancer is a condition in which some cells in the body develop uncontrolled and spread to other regions of the body.
Cancer may develop practically anyplace in the human body, which contains billions of cells. Genes are the genetic building blocks. They are passed down from generation to generation.
They contain DNA, which contains the instructions for producing proteins. Proteins perform the majority of the work in cells. They transport molecules, construct structures, degrade poisons, and perform a variety of other maintenance tasks. A mutation, or alteration in a gene or genes, occurs from time to time.
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Full Question
Cancer is best described as a ________.
a. bacterial disease at the somatic cell level
b. genetic disorder at the cellular level
c. genetic disease at the gametic cell level
d. viral disease
3) radioactive uracil can be used to label all the pyrimidine residues in dna. explain how this occurs, thinking about pyrimidine synthetic pathways.
The radioactive uracil can be used to label all the pyrimidine residues in DNA are the Pyrimidine pathways.
Pyrimidine de novo synthesis is an indication that compartmentation inside extraordinary elements of the cell – cytosol, mitochondria, chloroplasts – complements the mode of law and versatility of a metabolic pathway the bulk of species, uracil residues are eliminated from DNA through unique uracil-DNA glycosylases withinside the base excision restore pathway.
Alternatively, in sure archaeal organisms, uracil residues are removed through apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases withinside the nucleotide incision restore pathway.Radioactive uracil may be used to label all the pyrimidine residues in DNA. Using both names or structures, entire pathways for the conversion of uracil to dTTP and to dCTP.
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what type of protein is lacking on a blood cells membrane that enables the blood to be used as a universal donor? g
Antigen protein is a type of protein that is missing on the membrane of a blood cell, allowing the blood to be used as a universal donor.
An Antigen protein is some kind of flag — like a protein or series of amino acids — that your invulnerable system can acknowledge. If this description appears a little fuzzy to you, you're more than one. Let's dig in further. Antigen proteins are usually proteins or sugars (polysaccharides) that establish the except for belongings like cells or viruses.
Polypeptides, lipids, basic acids, and many additional materials can again function as antigens. People with type O- ancestry are named universal donors cause their granted red ancestry containers have no A, B, or Rh antigens and can then be safely likely to the nation of some blood group.
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10. The cell wall... *
OIs where photosynthesis happens
OIs where cellular respiration happens
OIs found in plant cells but not animal cells
O Produces energy