Explain what happens in each stage of mitosis.
no links
Answer:
Stage #1 Prophase: Chromatin fibers become coiled into chromosomes, with each chromosome having two chromatids joined at a centromere.
The mitotic spindle, composed of microtubules and proteins, forms in the cytoplasm.
The two pairs of centrioles (formed from the replication of one pair in Interphase) move away from one another toward opposite ends of the cell due to the lengthening of the microtubules that form between them.
Polar fibers, which are microtubules that make up the spindle fibers, reach from each cell pole to the cell's equator.
Kinetochores, which are specialized regions in the centromeres of chromosomes, attach to a type of microtubule called kinetochore fibers.
The kinetochore fibers "interact" with the spindle polar fibers connecting the kinetochores to the polar fibers.
The chromosomes begin to migrate toward the cell center.
Stage #2 Metaphase: The nuclear membrane disappears completely.
Polar fibers (microtubules that make up the spindle fibers) continue to extend from the poles to the center of the cell.
Chromosomes move randomly until they attach (at their kinetochores) to polar fibers from both sides of their centromeres.
Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate at right angles to the spindle poles.
Chromosomes are held at the metaphase plate by the equal forces of the polar fibers pushing on the centromeres of the chromosomes.
Stage #3: Anaphase: The paired centromeres in each distinct chromosome begin to move apart.
Once the paired sister chromatids separate from one another, each is considered a "full" chromosome. They are referred to as daughter chromosomes.
Through the spindle apparatus, the daughter chromosomes move to the poles at opposite ends of the cell.
The daughter chromosomes migrate centromere first and the kinetochore fibers become shorter as the chromosomes near a pole.
In preparation for telophase, the two cell poles also move further apart during the course of anaphase. At the end of anaphase, each pole contains a complete compilation of chromosomes.
Stage #4 Telophase: The polar fibers continue to lengthen.
Nuclei begin to form at opposite poles.
The nuclear envelopes of these nuclei form from remnant pieces of the parent cell's nuclear envelope and from pieces of the endomembrane system.
Nucleoli also reappear.
Chromatin fibers of chromosomes uncoil.
After these changes, telophase/mitosis is largely complete. The genetic contents of one cell have been divided equally into two.
Stage #5 Cytokinesis: Cytokinesis is the division of the cell's cytoplasm. It begins prior to the end of mitosis in anaphase and completes shortly after telophase/mitosis. At the end of cytokinesis, two genetically identical daughter cells are produced. These are diploid cells, with each cell containing a full complement of chromosomes.
Cells produced through mitosis are different from those produced through meiosis. In meiosis, four daughter cells are produced. These cells are haploid cells, containing one-half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. Sex cells undergo meiosis. When sex cells unite during fertilization, these haploid cells become a diploid cell.
Explanation:
a human organ is being prepared for transplant. in what type of solution must it be bathed?
A. A hypertonic solution
B. A hypotonic solution
C. Pure water containing solutes
D. A solution with the same osmolarity as the organ tissue
it must be bathed in a solution with the same osmolarity as the organ tissue.. inorder for it not to gain or lose its solute concentration.
I it is placed in a hypotonic solution it will gain water and eventually burst and if placed in a hypertonic solution it will lose water and shrink.
it must be bathed in solution with the same osmolarity as the organ tissue.
Osmosis allows for the diffusion of water from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration.
Osmolarity measures the amount of solute concentration
For an organ place in a hypertonic solution i.e solution that has a higher solute
organ bathed in a hypertonic solution will continue to absorb in more water which can eventually burst the organ when it is too muchFor organ in hypotonic solution i.e solution that has a lower solute concentration
organ bathed will have to lose more solution because itself has more solute than the solution and can lead to shrinkagebut when the osmolarity is the same the Organ will have the same solute concentration as the solution and will help keep the organ in its original form, it will not absorb or lose any solution.
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what is osmosis and diffusion
Osmosis: Osmosis is the movement of solvent particles across a semipermeable membrane from a dilute solution into a concentrated solution. ... Diffusion: Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.
In respiratory system, most of the dirt/ microbes in the air are trapped by
Answer:
Cilia propel a liquid layer of mucus that covers the airways. The mucus layer traps pathogens (potentially infectious microorganisms) and other particles, preventing them from reaching the lungs.
low elevation and low latitudes result in ____________________
Group of answer choices
cold temperatures
hot temperatures
wetter climate
more change in temperature
Answer:
5
Explanation:
1. In human beings, a downward-pointed frontal hairline ("widow's peak") is a heritable trait. A
person with a widow's peak always has at least one parent who also has this trait, whereas
people with a straight frontal hairline may occur in families in which one or even both parents
have widow's peaks. When both parents have a straight frontal hairline, all children also have
a straight hairline. Using A and a to symbolize alleles for this trait, what is the genotype of an
individual without a widow's peak? (Show your work)
The genotype of an individual without a widow's peak would be aa.
A person with widow's peak has. at least a parent with the trait. When both parents have a straight frontal hairline, all the children also have a straight frontal hairline.The above features are indications that widow's peak is a dominant trait.
Since A and a are used to represent the alleles, AA or Aa will be the genotype of individuals with widow's peak while only aa will be the genotype of individuals with straight frontal hairlines.
In other words, individuals without a widow's peak will have aa as genotypes.
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A DNA molecule with a total of 1500 nucleotides has 300 cytosines. How many thymines does the DNA molecule have?
The DNA molecules will have 450 thymines if a DNA molecule has a total of 1500nucleotides
A DNA molecule also known as deoxyribonucleic acid is made up of a double helix.
The DNA molecule with a total of 1500 nucleotides will contain 750 cytosine and Thymines and 750 guanines and adenine.
Hence we can have the expression:
C + T = 750
If there are 300 cytosines, hence;
300 + T = 750
T = 750 - 300
T = 450
This shows that the DNA molecules will have 450 thymines
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Epistasis is observed when the allele of one gene masks the effects of another gene. Use the Punnett square to answer the question.
What color would a dog's fur be if its genes are aabb? (10 points)
A. yellow
B. brown
C. black
D. white
Answer:
The color of a dog's fur with the genes aabb would be yellow. So, in other words, Option A is correct.
Hope this helped :D Happy holidays! :D
Epistasis is the effect or character appear due to the interaction between genes. Here, the alleles responsible for the color of dog's fur show epistasis and the progeny with (aabb) genotype will show white colored fur. Thus, the correct option is D.
What is Epistasis?
Epistasis is also known as gene masking, where the expression of one gene is modified or masked or suppressed by the expression of another gene or more other genes. In this, more than one gene controls a specific character such as fur color, etc.
Epistasis is of different types such as dominant epistasis, recessive epistasis depending upon the effect of genes.
Here, the progenies with AABB genotype show black colored fur, the progeny with Aabb show brown colored fur, the progeny with genotype aaBB show yellow colored fur, and therefore, the progeny with genotype aabb i.e., both the recessive genes will show white colored dog fur.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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What’s the term to describe a mutant viral protein without a genetic code that can cause disease?
Answer:
'Prion' is a term first used to describe the mysterious infectious agent responsible for several neurodegenerative diseases found in mammals, including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans.
Explanation:
The term to describe a mutant viral protein without a genetic code that can cause disease is a "prion." Prions are abnormal forms of proteins that can induce misfolding of normal proteins, so option a is correct option.
The misfolded prion protein can convert normal proteins of the same type into the abnormal misfolded form of protein, leading to a chain reaction and accumulation of misfolded proteins. This can cause damage to brain tissue and result in the characteristic symptoms associated with prion diseases, which include changes in behavior, neurological dysfunction, and ultimately, severe neurological degeneration. so option a is correct option.
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complete question is below
What’s the term to describe a mutant viral protein without a genetic code that can cause disease?
A. prion
B. virion
Which of the following pays a fixed rate of return
Answer:
Reinvestment of coupon payments
The glycoside bond formed is similar to which of the following in proteins?
A) bond in amine group B) peptide bond
C) disulfide bond D) bond in the β . sheet
Answer:
B) peptide bond
Meiosis occurs in the organs of which body system?
1.) reproductive
2.) nervous
3.) circulatory
4.) muscle
Answer:
A Reproductive
Explanation:
A Reproductive is the answer.
If a DNA molecule had a total of 1000 nucleotides and 200 of these are adenines, what would be the total number of pyrimidines in this molecule?
If a DNA molecule had a total of 1000 nucleotides and 200 of these are adenines, then the total number of pyrimidines is 500. Adenines (A) are purine bases.
DNA is a double helix molecule composed of two long chains of nucleotides that are held together by hydrogen bonds.
In DNA, there are four types of nucleotides, each containing one different nitrogenous base: Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T).
Adenine (A) and guanine (G) are purines, whereas cytosine (C), thymine (T), are pyrimidines.
According to the base pair rules, Adenine always pairs with Thymine, whereas Guanine pairs with Cytosine.
In this case, the number of A + T is equal to 400 (200 + 200) and the number of G + C is 600 (300 + 300), thereby the number of pyrimidines or C + T is equal to 500 (200 + 300).
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Question 5 (True/False Worth 1 points)
(02.02 LC)
TRUE OR FLASE QUESTION (WORTH 50 POINTS)
Water takes a longer time to change temperature than alcohol does because water requires a larger amount of heat to be absorbed to cause the change.
()True
Or
()False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Water freezes faster than alcohol due to lower freezing point.
Water takes less time to freeze than alcohol but can absorb a large amount of heat with only a small change in its temperature. Alcohol has -114.7 degrees Celsius of freezing temperature whereas water has freezing point of 0 degrees Celsius.
The given statement is true. Water freezes faster than alcohol. Due to its lower freezing point than alcohol, water freezes more quickly.
Why water freezes faster than alcohol?Alcohol takes longer to freeze than water, but water can absorb a lot of heat with just a slight change in temperature. Water has a freezing point of zero degrees Celsius, but alcohol has a freezing point of -114.7 degrees Celsius.
Because water molecules must be forced to move more quickly within the water in order for the temperature to rise, water is more able to absorb heat than many other substances. As a result, water freezes more quickly than alcohol.
Therefore, The given statement is true. Water freezes faster than alcohol. Due to its lower freezing point than alcohol, water freezes more quickly.
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ILL MARK BRAINLEST PLEASE HELP (PUNNET SQUARE PRACTICE)
Which is NOT one of
the functions of the
digestive system?
A
A. absorption
B. digestion
C. respiration
D. ingestion
Answer:
respiration
Explanation:
your lungs do the respiration, the digestive system is meant to ingest, absorb and ingest food into the body
Answer: C
Explanation: this occurs in the respiratory system whereas the rest occur in the digestive
How many iodine atoms are in a molecule of the compound carbon
tetraiodide?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 3
Awnser:
6
Explanation:
it Is 6 because their is 2 electrons on the inside and 4 electrons in the outside
Answer: its 4
Explanation:
A hummingbird may need to consume up to 50% of its body weight in sugar each day, just to meet its energy needs. Some of this energy is stored and some is used for metabolic activities, but much of the energy is
A)
converted into amino acids needed for the production of starch
B)
released as heat energy back into the hummingbird's environment
C)
changed into radiant energy, which can be used by plants for photosynthesis
D)
used to synthesize inorganic compounds necessary for cellular respiration
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Cessation of breathing is called
Answer:
I would be willing to bet that the answer to this is Apnea
Apnea is defined as "temporary cessation of breathing, especially during sleep"
Albinism is caused by a recessive mutation. If two albino mice mate and produce offspring with normal pigmentation, what could you conclude about the parental mutations
Answer: A geneticist studies a series of families in which both parents are normal and at least one child has albinism. The geneticist reasons that both parents in these families must be heterozygotes and that albinism should appear in of the children of these families. To his surprise, the geneticist finds that the frequency of albinism among me children of these families is considerably greater "Than . Can you think of an explanation for the Thigher-than-expected frequency of albinism among These families?
Explanation:
What is the function of the cell membrane? The cell membrane controls what goes into the cell (food) and what leaves the cell (waste). The cell membrane protects the cell from damage. The cell membrane controls the amount of water that goes into the cell and stores it there if it doesn't rain. The cell membrane allows air to enter, but won't allow water to enter into the cell.
Answer:
Cell membranes serve as barriers and gatekeepers. They are semi-permeable, which means that some molecules can diffuse across the lipid bilayer but others cannot. Small hydrophobic molecules and gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide cross membranes rapidly
Explanation:
Which type of cells are being displayed?
what is the purpose of transcription A. To produce DNA B. To produce Lipids C. To produce RNA D. To produce Amino Acids
Explanation:
the answer is d.
amino acids 4 protein synthesis...
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis
Answer:
Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells
Meiosis results in four sex cells
Explanation:
3. The doctor tests the patient's field of view with an astigmatism chart and finds that the patient states that there are blind spots and distorted lines in both eyes he never noticed before. These blinds spots and distortions remain constant. What structure within the eye could cause these distortions? How can you verify your suspicion?
Astigmatism is also a eye condition which is usually evidenced by distorted visions and leading to the creation of an image that is not perfect.
The structure within the eye that would cause the distortions is caused by a deviation in the shape of the lens of the eye or the cornea.
A change that occurs in the shape of the cornea/lens where it is not completely round as it should be usually leads to seeing distorted lines in one's vision and it can occur maybe from birth, even from injury to the eyes.
One can always verify this suspicion by going to seen an optometrist and doing a comprehensive eye examination to verify the condition. The condition is also treatable.
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una característica que se puede observar o medir sin cambiar la composición de la materia es una propiedad química ¿cierto o falso ?
Answer:
Falso, una propiedad química cambia no solo su apariencia, sino que la cambia por completo. Por ejemplo, la madera sigue siendo madera hasta que la pones al fuego y QUÍMICAMENTE se convierte en col. =)
Explanation:
Which square (A, B, C, or D) represents the repeating subunit of the polymer shown? Three dots then C connected by single lines to H above and C H subscript 3 below. Then a single line to a C connected by single lines to one H each above and below. Then a single line to a C connected by single lines to H above and C H subscript 3 below. Then a single line to a C connected by single lines to one H each above and below. Then a single line to a C connected by single lines to H above and C H subscript 3 below. Then a single line to a C connected by single lines to one H each above and below. Then a single line to a C connected by single lines to H above and C H subscript 3 below. Then a single line to a C connected by single lines to one H each above and below. Then a single line to a C connected by single lines to H above and C H subscript 3 below. Then a single line to a C connected by single lines to one H each above and below. Then a single line connecting to a C connected by single lines to H above and C H subscript 3 below. Then a single line to a C connected by single lines to one H each above and below. Then three dots. A box labeled A surrounds the first C and things connected above and below. A box labeled B surrounds the fourth C and things connected above and below. A box labeled C surrounds the seventh and eighth C's and things connected above and below. A box labeled D surrounds the last 2 C's only.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
.
Answer:
C is the correct answer. look at the pic below.
Explanation:
If two animals mated, say one had a curly tail and the other had a straight one. All the offspring's carried the gene of a curly tail. Why would that happen?
Answer:
The curly tail gene is dominant
Capturing gas emitted from landfills results in a(n) _____________ of CO2 production.
Question 3 options:
a)
increase
b)
decrease
c)
balance
Answer:
b. decrease
Explanation:
that's only my answer but by thinking the capturing gas emitted from landfills results in decrease of CO2 production.
A neighbor administers first aid to a boy who was found in his backyard pool and is not breathing. The neighbor should apply a tourniquet. attempt rescue breathing. perform the Heimlich maneuver. apply a splint
Answer:
attempt rescue breathing
Explanation: