The image shows a mutation that occurs at a single
nucleotide.
Original sequence
A
Point mutation
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1117/
THAN
U
A
G G
CAG
G
T
During translation, this mutation results in a change from
the amino acid aspartic acid to the amino acid alanine.
Which of the following determines how the resulting
protein will be affected by this mutation?
O Any change in amino acid will determine that the
polypeptide chain will not be able to fold into its proper
structure.
The change in amino acid will determine that a
nonsense mutation has occurred and not all amino
acids will be added to the polypeptide chain.
The properties of the amino acids will determine
whether the interactions within the protein will affect
the folding of the polypeptide chain.
O The substitution of the DNA nucleotide will determine
whether there is a change in the folding of the
polypeptide chain forming the protein.
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Answers

Answer 1

In the given image, a point mutation is shown which occurs at a single nucleotide is "The substitution of the DNA nucleotide will determine whether there is a change in the folding of the polypeptide chain forming the protein".

During translation, this mutation results in a change from the amino acid aspartic acid to the amino acid alanine. This point mutation can be characterized as a nucleotide substitution since only one nucleotide was changed in the DNA sequence.

As a result of the substitution of a single nucleotide, the amino acid sequence of the protein will alter, which may have significant effects on the protein's final structure and function. The substitution of a nucleotide in a DNA sequence alters the sequence of codons and hence the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

A change in the amino acid sequence can affect protein structure, function, and stability. The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines how it will fold into its proper structure. Proteins fold into their correct shape through a combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions between amino acids.

The properties of the amino acids will determine whether the interactions within the protein will affect the folding of the polypeptide chain. If the protein's amino acid sequence is altered, these interactions can be disrupted or altered, affecting the protein's final structure and function.

In conclusion, the substitution of the DNA nucleotide determines whether there is a change in the folding of the polypeptide chain forming the protein. Any alterations in amino acids in a protein can alter the structure and function of the protein.

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Related Questions

A group of researchers transformed E. coli to express
dsRNA that matched a transcription factor, eaf-1. They
then fed these E. coli to C. elegans worms. When the
researchers examined the C. elegans, they found that
they had fewer offspring and were smaller individuals,
with similar characteristics to C. elegans in which eaf-1
had been knocked out.
The students suggested several hypotheses based on
these observations about how RNAi worked:
1. The dsRNA inhibited gene transcription.
2. The dsRNA inhibited mRNA processing.
3. The dsRNA inhibited translation of mRNA into protein.
4. The dsRNA inhibited protein folding.
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The researchers then performed a series of experiments
to determine which hypothesis was correct. The C.
elegans were found to be transcribing eaf-1 into mRNA,
but not producing eaf-1 protein. When the students
directly injected C. elegans with dsRNA and tracked
tagged mRNA, they found the mature mRNA was
degraded in the cytoplasm, and ribosomes were not
binding to it. Which hypothesis is supported by these
observations?

Answers

The hypothesis that is supported by these observations is that the dsRNA inhibited the translation of mRNA into protein (third option).

What does the experiment reveal about dsRNA?

In this experiment, the C. elegans worms were transcribing eaf-1 into mRNA but not producing the eaf-1 protein. This phenomenon shows that dsRNA inhibited the translation of mRNA into protein related to the action of E. coli on the worms.

This also explains why the worms affected by this bacteria had fewer offspring and the offspring were smaller.

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evolutionary significance of bryophytes

Answers

The bryophytes, which include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, have significant evolutionary significance in the plant kingdom despite their relatively small size and simple structure, they played a crucial role in the colonization of terrestrial environments and the subsequent evolution of higher plants.

Here are some key evolutionary significance of bryophytes:

Adaptation to land: Bryophytes are considered some of the earliest land plants.

They were the first plants to transition from aquatic to terrestrial habitats, paving the way for the colonization of land by other plant groups.

They developed strategies to overcome challenges such as desiccation, limited nutrients, and anchorage to the soil.

Moisture retention: Bryophytes have adaptations that enable them to retain moisture.

They possess specialized structures, such as rhizoids and mucilage, that help absorb and retain water.

This ability to retain water and survive in relatively dry environments was an important adaptation for the conquest of land.

Soil formation: Bryophytes, especially mosses, contribute to soil formation.

They can grow on bare rocks and soil, where their rhizoids aid in weathering and breaking down substrates.

Their decomposed remains also contribute organic matter to the soil, enriching its fertility.

Habitat creation: Bryophytes provide habitat and microenvironments for other organisms.

Their dense mats or cushions create shelter, moisture, and temperature buffering for a variety of organisms, including insects, small invertebrates, and microorganisms.

They contribute to the overall biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.

Reproductive strategies: Bryophytes have unique reproductive strategies. They produce spores that can disperse and colonize new habitats.

Their reproductive structures, such as gametophores and sporophytes, exhibit various adaptations that allowed for successful reproduction in terrestrial environments.

Ecological indicators: Bryophytes are sensitive to environmental changes, making them valuable ecological indicators.

Their presence, abundance, and diversity can indicate environmental conditions such as air quality, moisture levels, and habitat disturbance.

Monitoring bryophytes can provide insights into the health and integrity of ecosystems.

Overall, bryophytes played a crucial role in the evolution and colonization of land by plants.

Their adaptations, ecological roles, and evolutionary history make them important subjects of study for understanding plant evolution, ecosystem dynamics, and the colonization of terrestrial environments.

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Here are some key evolutionary significance of bryophytes:

Adaptation to land: Bryophytes are considered some of the earliest land plants.

They were the first plants to transition from aquatic to terrestrial habitats, paving the way for the colonization of land by other plant groups.