As a result, it will take 48 hours for potassium-42 radiation levels to drop to 1/16 of their initial levels.
What is radiation level?The average annual radiation exposure per person in the United States is 6.2 millisieverts (620 millirem), according to the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). These average dose's sources are depicted in the pie chart below. The average annual radiation exposure per person in the United States is 6.2 millisieverts (620 millirem), according to the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). These average dose's sources are depicted in the pie chart below. The primary source of exposure for the majority of people is naturally occurring background radiation. Although they can exceed 50 mSv/yr, they normally fall between 1.5 and 3.5 millisievert per year.
What radiation level is safe for humans?As low as reasonably possible, but not more than 5,000 millirems. It is advised that the total lifetime exposure not exceed the age times 1,000 millirems. The annual occupational limit for minors under 18 who are exposed to radiation is 500.
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The two dry sand samples are examined by changing one parameter. The independent variable, the one that is intentionally manipulated between the two samples, is the. Besides the amount of material, there is also another variable that is manipulated within each of the two mass groups and represented as three types. This independent variable is the. In each case, the dependent variable, the one that you measure the response in, is the.
The independent variable, the one that is intentionally manipulated between the two samples, is the mass of the each sample. there is also another variable that is manipulated This independent variable is the type of material used. In each case, the dependent variable, temperature.
Two dry sand sample are examined by changing one parameter. so, the independent variable, the one that is intentially changed between two samples is the mass of the each sample.
Besides the amount of material, there is also another variable that is manipulated within each of the two mass groups and represented as three types. This independent variable is the type of the material used.
In each case, the dependent variable, the one that you measure the response in, is the temperature over the time.
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Answer:
a. mass of each sample
b. type of material used
c. temperature over time
Explanation:
edge 2022!! i got it right ;)
what product(s) is/are obtained when ethyne is treated with kmno/h ? question 7 options: aldehyde and ketone 2 moles of co2 ketone and ether two carboxylic acids
When ethyne or acetylene reacts with cold KMnO₄, the triple bond gains 4 OH. Oxalic acid is produced when it is oxidized by a diluted dilute solution of potassium permanganate.
What results from burning ethyne?Incomplete combustion of ethanol produces carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and water vapor. Ethyne (acetylene) now emits a sooty flame when burned in air. This is because there isn't enough oxygen in the air to melting metals for metals, which leads to incomplete combustion.
Is acetylene the same as ethyne?Acetylene, also known as ethyne, is the most basic and well-known constituent of the hydrocarbons series known as the acetylenic sequence, or alkynes, which has zero maybe more pairs of carbons joined by triple bonds.
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Draw the Lewis structure for the polyatomic carbonate (co} anion: Be sure to include all resonance structures that satisfy the octet rule ~ c_o]
The Lewis structure for polyatomic carbonate anion would be two oxygen atoms bonded with carbon atom with a single bond and one double bond is present.
There are three σ bonds and π bond around carbon atom in the Lewis structure of CO3^2- ion. According to the question caron has 4 valanced electrons. There are three oxygen atoms in CO32- ion,
Therefore,
Total valence electrons given by oxygen atoms = 6 *3 = 18
There are -2 charge on CO32- ion. Therefore, there are two more electrons which contribute to the valence electrons.
Total valence electrons = 4 + 18 + 2 = 24
Carbon has the more chance to be the center atom because carbon can show valance of 4. Oxygen's highest valence is 2. So, now we can build a sketch of CO3^2- ion.
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refrigerant-134a at 800 kpa and 25°c is throttled to a temperature of -20°c. determine the pressure and the internal energy of the refrigerant at the final state.
The pressure and the internal energy of the refrigerant at the final state
Known data:80.74kJ/kg.
[tex]$$\begin{aligned}& \mathrm{R}-134 \mathrm{a} \\& P_1=800 \mathrm{kPa} \\& T_1=25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\end{aligned}$$[/tex]
Unknowns:
[tex]$$\begin{aligned}& T_2=? \\& u_2=?\end{aligned}$$[/tex]
The pressure of the refrigerant in the final state is equal to the saturation pressure at -20 degrees Celsius.
[tex]$$\begin{aligned}& P_2=P_{\text {sat }, \text { at }-20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}}=132.82 \mathrm{kPa} \\& P_2=132.82 \mathrm{kPa}\end{aligned}$$[/tex]
State 1 is compressed liquid. Then the enthalpy is that of the saturated liquid at 25 degrees Celsius.
[tex]\h_1=h_{f, \text { at } 25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}}=86.405 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg}$$[/tex]
The throttling process of the refrigerant is isentalpic. The state 2 of the refrigerant is in the phase mixing region, so we have to calculate the quality 2.
[tex]x_2=\left(h_2-h_f\right) /\left(h_g-h_f\right)$$[/tex]
Where:
[tex]$$\begin{aligned}h_2 & =h_1=86.405 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg} \\h_f & =25.49 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg} \\h_g & =238.4 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg}\end{aligned}$$[/tex][tex]$$\begin{aligned}h_2 & =h_1=86.405 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg} \\h_f & =25.49 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg} \\h_g & =238.4 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg}\end{aligned}$$[/tex]
Substituting:
[tex]x_2=(86.405-25.49) /(238.4-25.49)=0.2861$$[/tex]
Now let's calculate the final internal energy of the refrigerant, remembering that the temperature is -[tex]$20 \mathrm{C}$[/tex].
[tex]u_2=u_f+x_2\left(u_g-u_f\right)$$[/tex]
Where :
[tex]$$\begin{aligned}& u_f=25.39 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg} \\& u_g=218.34 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg}\end{aligned}$$[/tex]
Substituting :
[tex]$$u_2=25.39+0.2861(218.84-25.39)=80.74 k J / k g$$[/tex]
[tex]$$u_2=80.74 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{kg}$$[/tex]
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Give the net ionic equation for the reaction (if any) that occurs when aqueous solutions of sodium sulfide and iron(II) nitrate are mixed. O Na+(aq) + NO3(aq) - NaNO3(s) O No reaction occurs. OS2-(aq) + Fe2+(aq) → FeS(s) O 2 Nat(aq) +52-(aq) + Fe2+(aq) + 2 NO3(aq) – 2 Nat(aq) + 2NO3 (aq) + 2 FeS(s) O 2 Na(aq) + 52 (aq) + Fe2+(aq) + 2 NO3 (aq) Fe2+(aq) + 52 (aq) + 2 NaNO3(s)
The net ionic equation for the reaction (if any) that occurs when aqueous solutions of sodium sulfide and iron(II) nitrate are mixed.
The answer is:-
[tex]2Na^{+}(aq) + S^{2-} + Fe^{2+} + 2NO_{3}^{-}(aq) -- > 2Na^{+}(aq) + 2NO_{3}^{-}(aq) + 2FeS(s)[/tex]
Ionic Equation:-
an ionic equation is a chemical equation in which the electrolytes in an aqueous solution are expressed as dissociated ions. Usually, this is a salt dissolved in water, where the ionic species are followed by (aq) in the equation to indicate they are in an aqueous solution.
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if 45.1 mlml of 0.104 mm hclhcl solution is needed to neutralize a solution of kohkoh , how many grams of kohkoh must be present in the solutio
45.1 ml of 0.104 mm hcl solution is needed to neutralize a solution of koh , 0.294 grams of koh must be present in the solution
MHCl*VHCl = MKOH*VKOH = moles of KOH
moles of KOH = 0.116 M x (45.2/1000) L = 5.24 x 10^-3 mol
molar mass of KOH = 56.1 g/mol
mass of KOH = molar mass x moles = 56.1 x 5.24 x 10^-3 = 0.294 g
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sodium bromate is used in a mixture which dissolves gold from its ores. calculate the mass in grams of 4.68 mol of sodium bromate.
Step 1: Calculate the molar mass of sodium bromate.
The molar mass of sodium bromate (NaBrO3) is 150.89 g/mol.
Step 2: Calculate the mass in grams of 4.68 mol of sodium bromate.
To calculate the mass in grams of 4.68 mol of sodium bromate, we need to multiply the molar mass of sodium bromate (150.89 g/mol) by the number of moles (4.68 mol):
Mass = Molar mass x Number of moles
Mass = 150.89 g/mol x 4.68 mol
Mass = 706.30 g
What is Sodium bromate?
Sodium bromate is an inorganic compound of sodium and bromate, with the formula NaBrO3. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid. Sodium bromate is used as an oxidizing agent in a variety of industrial and laboratory processes. It is also used in bleaching and dyeing textiles, and in the manufacture of certain pharmaceuticals. Sodium bromate is toxic, and exposure can cause adverse effects on the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
What are Ores?
Ores are rocks or minerals from which useful elements or minerals can be extracted. They usually contain significant concentrations of metals such as copper, iron, gold, lead, and zinc. Ores are extracted through mining and processed to obtain the valuable elements.
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The half-life of iodine-123 is 13. 3 hours. How much of a 25. 0 mg sample will remain after 39. 9 hours?.
Iodine-123, which has a 13.3-hour half-life and a 25 mg initial concentration, will have 3.09 mg after 39.9 hours.
Using a first-order kinetics equation,
log C = logC0-Kt/2.302
An arrangement of chemical reactions where the rate of the reaction is proportional to the amount of the reactant and is dependent on the concentration of just one reactant.
The half-life of idodine- 123 is 13.3 hours.
from the formula of half-life K can be calculated.
The period of time it takes for a sample's ingredient to decrease by half in your body is known as the half-life.
T1/2 = 0.693/ K
13.3 hours= 0.693/K
K= 0.052 [tex]hour^{-}[/tex]
Substituting the value of K, C0, and t in the equation of first-order kinetics
logC= log(25) - 0.052 × 39.9/ 2.303
logC = 1.39-0.90
logC= 0.49
C= antilog (0.49)
C= 3.09 mg
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balance the following redox reaction if it occurs in acidic solution. what are the coefficients in front of ni and h+ in the balanced reaction? ni2+(aq) + nh4+(aq) → ni(s) + no3-(aq) balance the following redox reaction if it occurs in acidic solution. what are the coefficients in front of ni and h+ in the balanced reaction? ni2+(aq) + nh4+(aq) → ni(s) + no3-(aq) ni = 4, h+ = 10 ni = 2, h+ = 4 ni = 1, h+ = 8 ni = 1, h+ = 4 ni = 3, h+ = 5
The coefficients before Ni and H+ are 4 and 10 respectively.
A coefficient is an integer that is written or multiplied by a variable. A quantitative value multiplies variables and can change depending on other variables or covariates. Function coefficients are different from other coefficients in that they are constant across all entities or participants, while others can vary.
Coefficients are multiplicative coefficients in terms of a polynomial series, or expression. Usually numeric, but can be any expression. If the coefficients themselves are variables they can also be called parameters. Circle the variable with the power of the coefficient you found. Leave that variable and consider any other number or variable written to it. that will be the coefficient.
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given your proposed electron pushing mechanism, list as many factors that could play a role in the success or failure of the reaction:
The factors that play the role in success is solvent, concentration of nucleophile and the substrate.
What is [tex]S_{N}2[/tex] reaction ?
When [tex]sp^{3}[/tex] hybridized carbon containing a leaving group and nucleophile attack from the remote side of the leaving group then the reaction is known as [tex]S_{N}2[/tex] reaction.
Factors depending on [tex]S_{N}2[/tex] reaction:
Solvent: Polar aprotic solvents are very useful for this reaction as they increase the intermediate concentration and also solvate the nucleophile. Nucleophile: More strong the nucleophile more is the rate of reaction.Substrate:1° substrate react faster than 2° than 3°Read more about [tex]S_{N}2[/tex] reaction:
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what is the formal charge on the central atom in a molecule of o3? hint: it may be helpful to draw the lewis structure for this molecule
A molecule's formal charge is the total of the formal charges of each of the constituent atoms that make up that particular molecule.
What is the Lewis structural rule?
Hydrogen atoms can only make one bond, and they are always located at the ends of atom chains. Hydrogen is usually associated with carbon, nitrogen, or oxygen. Oxygen atoms normally do not bond to one another, with the exception of O2, O3, superoxides, and peroxides.
Describe Lewis's structure with an example.
The octet rule, which states that atoms share electrons so that each has eight in its outer shell, is the foundation of a Lewis structure. For instance, the outer shell of an oxygen atom has six electrons.
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a compound that has 5 electron groups, 4 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair is considered to have a molecular geometry.
The compound will show pentagonal pyramidal structure.
This is because the one axial plane is occupied by the lone pair of electrons obeying the bent's rule . And the other 4 bond pairs are present in both equatorial and the axial position. Since a lone pair of electrons are present they represent pentagonal bipyramidal structure to pentagonal pyramidal structure.
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Describe how solar radiation and convection currents work together to form weather patterns and help plants grow.
MAN I ACTUALLY DO NOT KNOW THIS SH
Solar radiation and convection currents work together to form weather patterns because the plants need sun, water, and damp soil for photosynthesis.
What is Photosynthesis?This is referred to as the process in which green plants manufacture their food in the presence of sunlight. The green pigment in plants which is known as chlorophyll is responsible fir the trapping of sunlight which helps provide the energy needed for the reaction.
Solar radiation and convection currents help in the formation of weather patterns because the area which is facing the sun is said to be experiencing summer and vice versa.
They also help plants grow by providing the plants with resource such as the sun, water, and damp soil etc which are needed for photosynthesis.
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1. Find the elements sodium, oxygen, and phosphorus on the periodic table. Describe the monoatomic ions each would form. Then, given what you know about chemical bonding, describe and give the formulas for the types of ionic compounds they would produce with each other. Use the periodic table in the chemistry: problems and solutions book to help with your answers.
Sodium, oxygen, with phosphorus combine to generate the monoatomic substances Na2O (sodium oxide), Na3P (sodium phosphide), Na3PO3 (sodium phosphite), and Na3PO4 (sodium phosphate).
What does phosphorus do in the human body?All tissues and cells require phosphorus for their growth, upkeep, and repair, as well as for the creation of DNA or RNA, the genetic building blocks. Additionally, other minerals and vitamins like vitamin D, thyroid, magnesium, and zinc need phosphorus to be balanced and used.
What does phosphorus do in the human body?Extra phosphorus alters the body in ways that cause calcium to be drawn from your bones, weakening them. Additionally, harmful calcium deposits in the heart, lungs, eyes, and blood vessels are caused by elevated phosphorus and calcium levels. With time
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a bomb calorimeter has a heat capacity of 600 j/oc and contains 500 g of water (specific heat capacity 4.184 j/g.oc). if a 5.00 g sample of a carbohydrate is combusted in the calorimeter and the change in temperature is 20 oc, what is the approximate value of qrxn?
The amount of heat evolved by a reaction is, 53.84 kJ
Heat released by the reaction = Heat absorbed by the calorimeter + Heat absorbed by the water
q = [q1 + q2]
q = [c1× ∆T]+[m2×c2×∆T]
where,
q = heat released by the reaction
q1 = heat absorbed by the calorimeter
q2 = heat absorbed by the water
c1 = specific heat of calorimeter = 600 j/g°c
c2 = specific heat of water = 4.184 j/g°c
m2 = mass of water = 500 g
∆T = change in temperature = 20°c
Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:
q = (600×20) + (500×4.184×20)
q = 12000 + 41840
q = 53840 J
q = 53.84 kJ
Therefore, the amount of heat evolved by a reaction is, 53.84 kJ
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what is the approximate mole fraction of ethanol, c2h5oh, in an aqueous solution in which the ethanol concentration is 11.0 molal?
The mole fraction of ethanol is 0.165
What do you mean by mole fraction ?
There are several ways to indicate the concentration of the solution and mole fraction is one of them. Mole fraction is a unit of concentration. In the solution, the relative amount of solute and solvents are measured by the mole fraction and it is represented by “X.”
The mole fraction is the number of moles of a specific component in the solution divided by the total number of moles in the given solution.
Molecular Mass of Ethanol = 46g
11.0 molal = 11 moles in 1 L solution
Molecular mass of water = 18g
Density of water= 1kg/m3 = 1000g/l
So, Mass of water in 1l solution = 1000g
so moles = 1000/18 = 55.55 moles
Thus, mole fraction of ethanol = 11.0/ ( 11.0 + 55.6 ) = 0.165
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Which of the following is true of zinc?
a. Grains are the most reliable food sources of zinc.
b. Excess zinc can decrease copper absorption.
c. All of its functions involve it acting as a cofactor for enzymes.
d. It binds to most proteins in the body.
The true statement about zinc is b. Excess zinc can decrease copper absorption.
Zinc is a trace elements or a micronutrient. It means it is required in low amounts to the body. It is also an essential element required by the body. We intake zinc through diet, form the vegetables and fruits, stating their importance in diet.
The body receives around 20 to 40% of the zinc from the food. Calcium is also a trace essential element required by the body. Several studies intake decrease in copper absorption on excess zinc. Calcium is required for vitamin D synthesis and bones. Zinc is required for better metabolism, immune system through enzyme function.
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a mixture of neon and helium gases, at a total pressure of 798 mm hg, contains 3.93 grams of neon and 0.228 grams of helium. what is the partial pressure of each gas in the mixture?
The partial pressure of each gas in the mixture is 39.75 mm of hg and 179.43 mm of hg respectively.
In a combination of gases, each constituent fuel has a partial stress that is the notional strain of that constituent gas as if it alone occupied the whole volume of the original aggregate on the same temperature.
Calculation:-
Total pressure pressure = 798 mm hg
mass of neon gas = 3.93
molar mass = 20 g
moles = 3.93/20
= 0.1965 moles
mass of neon gas = 0.228 grams
molar mass = 4 g
moles = 0.228 / 4
= 0.057 moles
total moles = 0.2535
partial pressure of neon = moles of neon / total moles × total pressure
= 0.1965 moles/ 0.2535 × 798 mm hg
= 39.75 mm of hg
partial pressure of helium = moles of helium / total moles × total pressure
=0.057 moles / 0.2535 × 798 mm hg
= 179.43 mm of hg
The stress exerted by means of an person gasoline in a mixture is called its partial pressure. Assuming we've a combination of perfect gases, we are able to use the suitable gasoline regulation to solve problems concerning gases in a combination.The term partial stress is used whilst we've got a combination of two or numerous gases inside the identical extent, and it expresses the strain this is caused by every of the induvidual gases inside the mixture.
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find the mass of aluminum requried to produce 1.32 l of hydrogen gas at stp from the single replacement reaction of aluminum and sulfuric acid
Predict the mass of hydrogen fuel produced when 2. seventy-three g of aluminum reacts in a single replacement reaction with extra sulphuric acid.
The yank Chemical Society ACS officially followed aluminum in 1925, however in 1990 The International Union of Pure and implemented Chemistry IUPAC regularly occurring aluminum as a worldwide fashionable. And so we land today: with aluminum used by the English speakers of North us, and aluminum used anywhere else.
The most comforting part of this tale is that both Aluminum and Aluminium are conventional and correct. Aluminum is preferred in North the us, while Aluminium is the spelling favored within the united kingdom and most different English-talking countries.
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Draw the following five compounds and compile them in a Microsoft Word document or PDF. Make sure to label each drawing clearly. Once done, upload your finished file.
2-butene
2-hexyne
2-pentene
1-pentene
1-heptyne
The discrete interactions in a system are conceptually represented by finite state machines (FSM) and petri nets (PN).
What are the isomers of 2-butene?Isomeric forms are 1-butene, cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene, and isobutylene. The butyne chemical formula is C4H6 C 4 H 6 .Butyne has two structural isomers, which are compounds with the same chemical formula but different structural formulas. The C4H6 C 4 H 6 isomers are: 1-Butyne, which is an isomer whose C≡C C ≡ C bond is initiating at carbon 1.1-Hexyne is used in the preparation of tricyclic is indolinone scaffold by undergoing hydrozirconation and ring-closing metathesis. It is used to prepare trans-1,2-bis(5-thianthreniumyl)alkene tetrafluoroborate by reacting with thianthrene cation radical tetrafluoroborate.C4H8
One of the mathematical modeling languages for the description of distributed systems is the Petri net, often known as a place/transition (PT) net. It belongs to the discrete event dynamic system class. A Petri net is a directed bipartite graph with locations and transitions as its two types of members. White circles are used to represent place elements, whereas rectangles are used to represent transition elements.Tokens, which are represented as black circles, can be found anywhere. If at least one token is present at every site connected to a transition as an input, the transition is enabled. According to some sources[1], Carl Adam Petri created Petri nets in August 1939 when he was just 13 years old in order to describe chemical reactions.To learn more about Microsoft word document refer to:
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at what point in the lab was the tetra-n-butylammonium bromide, tbab, removed from the reaction mixture?
At 102°C - 106°C tetra-n-butylammonium bromide, tbab, is removed from the reaction mixture.
Facts about tetra-n-butylammonium bromide or TBAB
Crude solid suspension in warm hexanes removes the impurities from it and performing gravity filtration dries it.1H NMR spectra of starting material shows 4 benzene ring hydrogens at around 7 ppm. But in product spectra there are two benzene rings 5 hydrogen's peaks are present.TBAB is removed from the reaction mixture by dissolving the solid in Ethyl acetate and washing the organic layer with water to separate TBAB. After water wash dried the organic layer with anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporate the organic layer under reduced pressure to get pure compound.Learn more about TBAB from the link given below.
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three disaccharides are important in the human diet: sucrose, lactose, and maltose. click and drag the monosaccharides to build each of the disaccharides below.
The monosaccharides to build each of the disaccharides are:
Glucose + fructose = sucrose
Galactose + glucose = lactose
glucose + glucose = maltose
What are monosaccharides examples?
The simplest carbohydrates, also called simple sugars, are plentiful in fruits. A monosaccharide is a carbohydrate consisting of one sugar unit.
What are the 4 monosaccharides?
Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide. Galactose, mannose, fructose, and ribose are also of major biological importance.
What are the 3 disaccharides?
Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharide units, linked together with glycosidic bonds in the α or β orientation. The most important of them are sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
What are disaccharides and their functions?
Disaccharides act as an energy source for the body, just like any other carbohydrate. When we eat foods that contain disaccharides, our bodies break them down into simple sugars (monosaccharides) for absorption in the small intestine.
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identify whether each change represents an oxidation or reduction. then determine how many electrons were involved and which side of the reaction they should appear on in the half-reaction. oxidation or reduction?
• Al --> Al3+ is an oxidation and 3 electrons on right side are needed.
Cu2+ --> Cu is a reduction and 2 electrons on left side are needed.
• 2 F- --> F₂ is an oxidation and 2 electrons on right side are needed.
In redox reaction, we can identify 2 kinds of half-reactions:
Oxidation: the oxidation number increases.Reduction: the oxidation number decreases.Let's consider following half-reactions.
• AI⇒ Al 3+
This is an oxidation because oxidation number increases from 0 to 3+. To balance it, we need 3 electrons on the right side.
Cu²+⇒ Cu
This is a reduction because oxidation number decreases from 2+ to 0. To balance it, we need 2 electrons on the right side.
• 2 F- ⇒ F₂
This is an oxidation because oxidation number increases from -1 to 0. To balance it, we need 2 electrons on the right side.
Al --> Al3+ is an oxidation and 3 electrons on the right side are needed.
Cu2+ --> Cu is a reduction and 2 electrons on the left side are needed.
2 F- ---> F2 is an oxidation and 2 electrons on the right side are needed.
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a certain weak base has a Kb of 7.10×10−7. what concentration of this base will produce a ph of 10.04? concentration:
The Concentration is 0.055 M
Solution:
pOH = 1/2(pKb - logC)
pOH = 14-pH = 14-10.31 = 3.69
pKb = -log kb = -log 7.100 x 10-7 = 64
3.69 = 1/2(6.12-log C)
Concentration = 0.055 M
Solution concentration is defined as the amount of solute present in a given volume of solution. It can be expressed as mass x mass percent of solution = mass of solute mass in solution × 100. mass x volume percent of solution = mass of solute mass in solution × 100.
By focusing, you can make better use of your resources and tackle problems more efficiently. When you concentrate, you are less likely to miss important information. Staying focused makes it easier to remember things. Focus means control of attention. It is the ability to focus the mind on a subject or an object.
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alpha polonium crystalizes in a simple cubic unit cell with an edge length of 336 pm. whatis the density of alpha polonium (in g/cm^3)?
alpha polonium crystallizes in a simple cubic unit cell with an edge length of 336 pm, the density becomes 7.318 g/cm³.
What is unit cell?The smallest repeating unit with complete crystal structural symmetry is designated as a unit cell. The unit cell geometry, sometimes referred to as a parallelepiped, provides six lattice parameters, which are the lengths of the cell edges (a, b, and c) and the angles at which they are spaced apart ( α,β,γ ).
Given that,
alpha polonium crystallizes in a simple cubic unit cell with an edge length (a) of 336 pm.
As we know, the relation between radius (r) and edge length (a) for simple cubic unit cell is: 2 r = a
Thus, r = a/2
r = 336/2 [ given a = 336 pm]
r = 168 pm
Now, density (d) = (Z × M) / a³ × [tex]N_A[/tex]
Here, Z = number of atom in a simple cubic unit cell = 1
M = molecular weight of polonium
[tex]N_A[/tex] = Avogadro's no.
d = ( 1 × 209) / (168 ×10⁻¹²)³ × (6.023 × 10²³)
d = 7.318 × 10⁷ g/m³
d = 7.318 g/cm³
So, the density of alpha polonium is 7.318 g/cm³.
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nitric acid (63 g) and sodium hydroxide (60 g) are mixed. determine how many grams of water will form.
The water of 17.99 g forms when 63g of HNO₃ mixes with60g of NaOH
When nitric acid and sodium hydroxide are mixed, a neutralization reaction takes place, with the salt created by the two substances and water serving as the reaction result. The chemical reaction to the statement in this instance is:
HNO₃ + Na(OH) ⇒ NaNO₃ + H₂O
It is determined whether there is one limiting reagent and one in excess, or if both react entirely, by calculating the molar masses of the reagents and using the masses provided by the statement to compute the ratio in which these compounds are combined.
• The formula for HNO₃'s molar mass is 3xmO + mH + mN, or 3x15.99g + 1g + 14g = 62.97 g/mol.
• The formula for Na(OHmolar )'s mass is: mO + mH + mNa = 15.99g + 1.00g + 22.99g = 39.98 g / mol.
Nitric acid is immediately apparent to be the limiting reagent.
Since there are initially 60 g of hydroxide, some of it will stay unreacted because the balanced equation's stoichiometric ratio states that 1 mole of acid reacts with 1 mole of hydroxide. As a result, 63 g of HNO3 react with 40 g of hydroxide. This proves that acid is the limiting reagent, and calculations to determine how much water will form must be based on this substance.
For 63g of HNO₃ 18g of water is formed. Then,
for 62.97 g of HNO₃,
= 18 g x 63 g equals/62.97 g
= 17.99 g of water.
As a result, the correct response is that 17.99 g of water will form.
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when 11.8 g of c8h18 underwent a combustion reaction with 8.84 g of o2, it produced 1.15 g of h2o. balance the reaction and answer the following questions. what is the mass (in g) of remaining oxygen gas?
It is given that its a combustion reaction, we know that the ending compounds are CO2 and H2O alone. To get this, we add O2 in a combustion reaction to our initial compound.
C8H18 + O2 ---> CO2 + H2O ( + trace amounts of C8H18 left) We are asked about the C8H18 left meaning we have a limiting reactant and it is not completely water and CO2 left due to the limiting reagent. So we are trying to find the excess reactant.
To balance the equation we must balance all molecules ;
2 C8H18 + 25 O2 ---> 16 CO2 + 18 H2O (not taking into account the combustion of air)
It is given that it is incomplete combustion so we must use the grams of product to calculate the amount of reactant used due to the limiting reagent
1.15 g H2O * ( 1 mol H2O / 18.01532 g H2O) *( 2 mol C8H18 / 18 mol H2O) * ( 1 mol C8H18 / 114.24 g C8H18) = 0.00111755 = 0.00118 g C8H18 reacted
11.8 g C8H18 in the initial reaction, 0.0118 g reacted to get 1.15 g H2O
11.8-0.00118 = 11.79882 = 11.8 g C8H18 left in the balanced equation (meaning almost none of it was reacted)
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hydrogen gas is produced by the reaction between metallic aluminum and aqueous hydrochloric acid. 2al(s) 6hcl(aq)⟶2alcl3(aq) 3h2(g) the hydrogen gas produced by this reaction is typically collected via water displacement. during this process, the hydrogen gas becomes saturated with water vapor. if 292.6 ml of gas with a total pressure of 1.44 atm is collected via water displacement at 29.4 ∘c , what is the partial pressure of the hydrogen gas in the sample? the vapor pressure of water at 29.4 ∘c is 30.75 torr. Ph2
(a) - 1.39 atm is the partial pressure of the hydrogen gas in the sample
(b) - 0.219 g many grams of aluminum must have reached to produce this quantity of hydrogen gas.
What exactly is the partial pressure law?According to Dalton's Law, often known as the Legislation of Partial Pressures, the combined pressure of a mix of gas is equal to the product of their individual partial pressures.
Briefing:(a)The partial pressure of hydrogen gas and the vapour pressure of water are added to determine the total pressure of the gas mixture.
PT = Pw + PH
Water has a vapour pressure of atm.
Pw = (30.75 torr)(1.00 atm) / 760 torr
Pw = 0.0405 atm
The hydrogen gas pressure is
PH = PT - Pw
PH = 1.44 atm - 0.0405 atm
PH = 1.39 atm
(b) The amount of hydrogen gas in moles is
n = PV / RT
n = (1.39 atm) (0.2384 L) / 0.82057 atm L / mol K (302.6 K)
n=0.0122 mol
Aluminum metal and hydrogen gas have a 3:2 molar ratio. The required amount of aluminum metal in moles is
n=0.0122 mol * 2 / 3
n = 0.00813 mol
Aluminum has a molar mass of 26.981538 g/mol. The quantity of aluminum needed is
m = 0.00813 * 26.981538 g/mol
m = 0.219 g
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The complete question is -
Hydrogen gas is produced by the reaction between metallic aluminum and aqueous hydrochloric acid. 2al(s) 6hcl(aq)⟶2alcl3(aq) 3h2(g)
(a)the hydrogen gas produced by this reaction is typically collected via water displacement. during this process, the hydrogen gas becomes saturated with water vapor. if 292.6 ml of gas with a total pressure of 1.44 atm is collected via water displacement at 29.4 ∘c , what is the partial pressure of the hydrogen gas in the sample?
(b)How many grams of aluminum must have reached to produce this quantity of hydrogen gas ? The vapor pressure of water at 29.4 ∘c is 30.75 torr.
a drop in water temperature is observed when 0.873 g of ammonium nitrate is added. the enthalpy change for this reaction is 0.280 kj. which of the statements is accurate?
The most accurate statement to explain the phenomena would be that the enthalpy change being positive means that the reaction is endothermic.
What are endothermic reactions?Endothermic reactions are reactions in which the energy level of the reactants is lower than the energy level of the products of the reaction. In other words, exothermic reactions take energy from the surroundings rather than releasing energy to the surroundings.
Reactions that release energy to the surroundings are otherwise known as exothermic reactions. Here, the reactants are usually at a higher energy level than the products.
When it comes to enthalpy change, since endothermic reactions consume energy from the surroundings and the products are usually at a higher energy level, the enthalpy change is positive.
This is unlike exothermic reactions in which the enthalpy change is negative because heat is released into the surroundings instead.
Thus, the dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water is said to be endothermic because the enthalpy change is positive.
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The SO3 molecule has a central S atom with the three O atoms bonded to the S, as shown in the figure. When a single Lewis structure is written for SO3 that obeys the octet rule for all the atoms, which of the following statements is or are true? I. The Lewis structure has one double bond. II. The three oxygen atoms do not all have the same formal charge. III. The formal charge on the S atom is +1.
Only one of the statements is true.
I and II are true.
I and III are true.
All three statements are true.
option b. is correct Only I and II are true
A Lewis structure is a structural representation of a molecule in which dots represent electron locations surrounding the atoms and lines/dot pairs represent covalent interactions between atoms. For any covalently bound molecule or coordination complex, a Lewis structure can be drawn. As a result, the proper statements in this problem are:
I. The formal charge on all atoms should be zero, or as close to zero as possible.
II. The charge on the molecule or ion should be equal to the sum of the formal charges on all the atoms.
Only options e. I and II are available.
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