The ground shakes during an earthquake because of (c) seismic waves
When an earthquake occurs shockwaves of energy, called seismic waves, are released from the earthquake focus. They shake the Earth and temporarily turn soft deposits, such as clay, into jelly
Seismic waves are caused by the sudden movement of materials within the Earth, such as slip along a fault during an earthquake. Volcanic eruptions, explosions, landslides, avalanches, and even rushing rivers can also cause seismic waves.
Seismic waves are usually generated by movements of the Earth’s tectonic plates but may also be caused by explosions, volcanoes and landslides. Seismologists use seismographs to record the amount of time it takes seismic waves to travel through different layers of the Earth. As the waves travel through different densities and stiffness, the waves can be refracted and reflected. Because of the different behavior of waves in different materials, seismologists can deduce the type of material the waves are travelling through.
There are three basic types of seismic waves – P-waves, S-waves and surface waves. P-waves and S-waves are sometimes collectively called body waves.
P-waves
P-waves, also known as primary waves or pressure waves, travel at the greatest velocity through the Earth.
S-waves
S-waves, also known as secondary waves, shear waves or shaking waves, are transverse waves that travel slower than P-waves
Surface waves
Surface waves are similar in nature to water waves and travel just under the Earth’s surface. They are typically generated when the source of the earthquake is close to the Earth’s surface. Although surface waves travel more slowly than S-waves
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9. Given A(2, 5), what are the coordinates
of A' after a reflection
over the x-axis?
Answer:
A' (2,-5)
Explanation:
The sign of the x remains same and the y coordinate changes.
I hope it's useful to you
examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. group of answer choices hydrothermal vent rift valley deep focus earthquake white smoker black smoker
Deep-focus earthquakes that don't fit the pattern. Here option B is the correct answer.
Generally speaking, earthquakes deeper than 70 km are referred to as "deep-focus earthquakes." All earthquakes that occur deeper than 70 km are restricted to large lithosphere slabs that are sinking into the Earth's mantle. H.H. Turner of Oxford, England, discovered the proof for deep-focus earthquakes in 1922.
At convergent plate borders, when a thick oceanic plate collides with a less dense continental plate and falls beneath the latter, the deepest earthquakes take place inside the core of subducting slabs, oceanic plates that drop into the Earth's mantle.
Unfortunately, surface damage from earthquakes tends to increase with depth; intermediate and deep-focus earthquakes seldom cause significant damage.
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where is the earth's crust the thickest? a below the continents b beneath the oceans c below the equator d below the north pole
Answer: Below the continents
Explanation: The Earth's crust is the outermost layer of the Earth and is made up of solid rock. It is thickest below the continents, where it can be up to 100 km (62 miles) thick. Beneath the oceans, the Earth's crust is thinner, only about 5-10 km (3-6 miles) thick. The thickness of the crust does not vary significantly based on location relative to the equator or the north pole.
what will happen when the glacier retreats, allowing the two populations to come back together (secondary contact)? be sure to account for all possible outcomes.
Based on the question, the things that will happen when the glacier retreats and allows both populations to have secondary contact are:
If enough time has passed, each species will be very different and will be unable to mate with each other. If this happens, they may either compete against each other or simply occupy different niches.They will still be similar and still able to mate with each other. If this happens, they will become one species again.Secondary contact is a process in which two populations of a species are geographically reunited after being separated. This contact allows the exchange of genes between the two populations.
The question above isn't complete, but most likely the completed version is as follows:
Suppose a bird population that qualifies as a single species according to the Biological Species Concept is separated into 2 isolated populations by an advancing glacier during an Ice Age. What will happen when the glacier retreats, allowing the 2 populations to come back together (secondary contact)? Be sure to account for all possible outcomes.
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Select the correct answer. which of these processes was able to occur in earth’s early lithosphere before living organisms existed? a. corrosion of metals b. oxidation of minerals c. erosion of soil d. combustion of fuels
The processes was able to occur in earth's early lithosphere before living organisms existed is c. erosion of soil.
Prior to the existence of living things, soil erosion was possible in the early lithosphere of the earth. The soil's topsoil, which is closest to the land's surface, is a vital source of nutrients for crops. Erosion caused by wind and water is most dangerous to this stratum of soil. Reduced soil fertility due to erosion can have a detrimental impact on agricultural output.
The continuous loss of topsoil is referred to as soil erosion. Because it includes the most natural, nutrient-rich elements, topsoil is the best and most abundant layer of soil. Water erosion, or the loss of topsoil as a result of water, is one of the main causes of soil erosion.
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which of the following help explain why the colorado river cut the grand canyon, while the much larger mississippi river is not in a canyon at all. pick 2
The Colorado river cut the grand canyon because The Mississippi moves slower. The Mississippi has a lower change in elevation each mile, on average.
A deep valley with steep sides is called a canyon. Spanish for "tube" or "pipe," "canyon" is derived from the word caon. Although the words "gorge" and "canyon" are frequently used interchangeably, a gorge is almost always narrower and steeper than a canyon.Canyons are produced by tectonic activity, weathering and erosion, and river movement.River canyons are probably the most well-known kind of canyon. River beds can be severely damaged by the pressure of the flowing water. A deep, narrow channel is formed when riverbed sediments are carried downstream.Entrenched rivers are those that flow through large, deep canyons. They are firmly established because, unlike rivers in broad, flat flood plains, they do not meander or diverge.Learn more about River canyons, here
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salinization is likely to occur in . a. humid climate regions. b. areas of high potential evapotranspiration rates. c. the tundra regions. d. areas characterized by coniferous forests.
Salinization is likely to occur in b. areas of high potential evapotranspiration rates.
Salinization refers to increased salt content in soil or water. It could occur due to manmade causes and environmental factors. Manmade factors such as farming systems, extensive irrigation and land degradation could cause salinization. Environmental factors such as high surface evaporation, low precipitation, and weathering native rocks could result in salinization.
Areas with high potential of evapotranspiration rates that is high transfer of water from land and plants in the atmosphere is also a major factor contributing to salinization. When evapotranspiration is higher than precipitation in any form, it accumulates soluble salts in the soil. The soluble salts remain at the top layer of the soil and do not get drain or washed away due to low precipitation.
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Which description best presents the arrangement of continents, oceans, and landforms according to the theory of plate tectonics? question 3 options: oceans eroding along different paths within a single continent over millions of years, causing it to break up several divisions of two original continents over millions of years large pieces of pangaea drifted in different directions over millions of years the motion of lithospheric plates over millions of years
The description which best presents the arrangement of continents, oceans, and landforms according to the theory of plate tectonics is the motion of lithospheric plates over millions of years.
A tectonic plate, sometimes referred to as a lithospheric plate, is a sizable (enormous), solid rock slab with an uneven shape that is typically composed of two (2) primary plates: Continental dinnerware, marine plates.
According to the idea of plate tectonics, the solid outer crust of Earth (lithosphere) is separated into enormous slabs of solid rock (plates), which normally migrate through the asthenosphere over millions of years, including the upper part of the mantle. We can infer from the theory of plate tectonics that the movement of lithospheric plates over millions of years is what led to the arrangement of continents, oceans, and landforms.
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For this topic, you will choose one (1) topic from the attached list and construct one one-page concept sketch. Remember that a concept sketch consists of a sketch (or series of sketches), labels, and complete sentences written around the sketch describing the important processes or parts of the sketch. Oil and gas of the Paradox Basin: the location and age of the basin, its interpreted tectonic setting, the sequence of rocks, and the origin and geologic trapping of petroleum Oil and gas of the Permian Basin: the location and age of the basin, its interpreted tectonic setting, the sequence of rocks, and the origin and geologic trapping of petroleum Limestone resources of the southwest United States: the location, age, and formation names of the main sources of limestone used in the production of cement and lime in Arizona, Utah, Nevada, and southern California
Rocks with a hornfels texture are typically found in the region of contact metamorphism, a type of temperature-dependent metamorphism in which pressure has little or no impact.
Contact metamorphism (also known as thermal metamorphism) occurs when rock is heated by the intrusion of hot magma.
The dark grey rock in this photo is an intrusion (a sill) between layers of paler grey limestone. The limestone has been altered to form white marble just above and below the intrusion.
Contact Metamorphism can happen on scales ranging from a few millimeters on either side of a small intrusion to several hundred meters around a large igneous body like a batholith.
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Describe the three main types of tectonic plate boundaries. (site 1)
The three main types of tectonic plate boundaries are - Divergent,
Convergent, and Transform.
Tectonic plate boundary:
The tectonic plate boundary is a particular kind of earth lithosphere plate with a slab-like shape. Oceanic and continental lithosphere make up the majority of the tectonic plate. The tectonic plate is huge, and its boundaries are located between two or more other plates.
There are three different kinds of tectonic plate boundaries, which are as follows:
1) Convergent: The term "convergent" refers to the movement of tectonic plates toward one another.
2) Divergent: When the boundaries of the tectonic plates are separated.
3) Transform: A tectonic plate is said to transform when two or more plates are in close proximity to one another.
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the gravitational field strenght on the moon is 1.63n/kg. if a rock on the moon weights 2000n, how much does the same rock weigh on the earth?
Newtons per kilogram (N/kg) is used to measure the gravitational field strength (g). At or near the surface, the gravitational field strength of the Earth is 10 N/kg. This implies that an item will experience 10 N of force for every kilogram of mass.
The weight of an object is smaller if the gravitational field is weaker. The Moon, for instance, has a gravitational field that is 1.6 N/kg strong. This indicates that an object will encounter 1.6 N of force for every kilogram of mass. An astronaut will therefore be lighter on the Moon than they are on Earth.
Weight is the gravitational force exerted on an object; it is measured in newtons (N) and is directed toward the gravitational field's center. A spring balance, which is frequently referred to as a newton meter and is calibrated in Newton, can be used to determine an object's weight.
Due to the fact that weight is indeed a non-contact force since gravity operates through a field, An object can have a weight even if it is not in contact with the ground. as "The moon has six times the gravitational pull of the earth".
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rare earth elements are considered to be strategic mineral resources. what is meant by strategic minerals, and why are rare earth elements considered strategic minerals?
Strategic minerals are those that are important for both a nation's socioeconomic development and strengthening its defenses.
Strategic minerals are those required to meet a country's military, industrial, and basic needs during times of crisis. Typically, these minerals are imported from nations with an abundance of them when domestic production cannot meet demand.
The earth's crust contains many rare earth minerals, which are not particularly rare. The reason why these metals are referred to as rare is that it is challenging to extract the metals from the ore. Rarely do rare earth metals exist pure. It is exceedingly expensive to mine for rare earth metals.
The Earth's crust's rarest naturally occurring element is Astatine. The chemical element astatine has the atomic number 85 and is represented by the symbol At.
Because they serve as the foundation for many modern technologies and are crucial to both economic growth and national security, rare elements are referred to as strategic minerals.
Hence, rare elements are regarded as strategic minerals.
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what effect will continued seafloor spreading in the atlantic ocean have on east coast and gulf coast sea level?
The result is The Atlantic Ocean grows 1.5 inches wider every year. That's because the tectonic plates undergirding the Americas are separating from those beneath Europe and Africa.
The earth's covering is broken into huge sections called structural plates. The plates are in sluggish ceaseless development. The seafloor spreading definition is the geologic interaction that happens at the limit between 2 plates where liquid material inside the earth pushes its direction up, making the plates get away from one another. At these unique limits liquid material cools and solidifies, making new maritime outside or ocean bottom. New outside layer is being made even today, but the earth's size is not increasing because elsewhere at certain convergent boundaries plates collide.. At the point when one plate is pushed underneath another, it will soften and become liquid material in the future.
The result is The Atlantic Ocean grows 1.5 inches wider every year.
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Rank the following types of igneous rocks according to silica composition, with the highest. 1.) felsic 2.) intermediate 3.) mafic 4.) ultramafic.
Felsic, intermediate, mafic and ultramafic are types of igneous rocks according to silica composition, with the highest
Based on their chemical makeup, igneous rocks can be categorized into four groups: felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic. The quantity of various minerals that igneous rocks contain determines the names given to them.
The term an igneous rock receives also depends on whether it cools on Earth's surface following a volcano eruption or cools inside the planet (intrusive or plutonic igneous rock). Depending on their precise composition, magmas with a composition in between these two end members are categorized as intermediate or mafic. In general, an element can categorize igneous rocks by the proportions of bright and dark minerals without actually needing to know the specifics of the chemical composition.
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2. In 2019, how much did the U.S. government spend on renewable energy subsidies?
O$16 billion
O $14 billion
O$7 billion
$10 billion
A total of $16 billion in subsidies were given by the American government for renewable energy. As a result, the best course of action is to select option (A).
What is renewable energy?Renewable energy is defined as energy produced from natural resources that replenish themselves more quickly than they are consumed. Sun and wind are two examples of such sources that are constantly supplied. We are surrounded by a variety of renewable energy sources.
On the other hand, non-renewable resources that take hundreds of millions of years to form are fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas. When energy is produced from fossil fuels, harmful greenhouse gas emissions, notably carbon dioxide, are generated.
As a result, choice (A) is a proper approach.
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In 2 to 3 sentences explain why there are water issues in the Neskantaga First Nation.
Gad water it's just the conditions
These isolated boulders were carried in glacial ice and then left on the landscape once the ice melted. They are called.
Isolated boulders were carried in glacial ice and then left on the landscape once the ice melted. They are called erratics.
What are erratics?Glacial erratics are rocks that have been deposited by glaciers yet are distinct from the surrounding rock type. Erratics—named for the Latin word erratics—are transported by glacial ice over vast distances, frequently of the order of hundreds of kilometers.
Rock fragments can be picked up by glaciers and carried over great distances. They are frequently far from the outcropping or rock from that they were extracted when they dump these rocks. Glacial erratics are the name given to these rocks. Erratics serve as a log of a glacier's journey.
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e15. create a dictionary animals that maps each type of animal to an inner dictionary which includes the count of that animal type labelled count, the adoption fee labelled fee, and a list of the names of the animals labelled names.
The correct answer is labelled count the adoption fee labelled fee, and a list of the names of the animals labelled names.
The technique of cartographic labeling involves aligning text on a map with map symbols to represent attributes and features of the real world. Put the name of each state next to it and connect the name to the state with a leader line. You can choose to use the state's abbreviation, as some mapmakers do. As a result, there is more space to include other characteristics, such as cities and other geographic elements.Launch the map viewer, select Details, then select Contents. Navigate to the sublayer containing the elements you want to label.
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4. imagine a large complex of thunderstorms forms near champaign, il. from what body of water did the water vapor come from that supplied the moisture for these storms?
Imagine a large complex of thunderstorms formed near Springfield, MO. From Gulf of Mexico did the water vapor come from that supplied the moisture for these storms.
The coastal zone, the continental shelf, the continental slope, and the abyssal plain are the main ecological and geologic provinces of the Gulf of Mexico. Sand beaches, mangrove-covered areas, tidal marshes, and numerous bays, estuaries, and lagoons make up the coastal zone. The continental shelf creates an almost continuous terrace around the gulf's edge, with a maximum width of more than 200 miles (320 km) and a minimum width of roughly 25 miles. The continental shelf is a large region made up primarily of carbonate material that extends offshore of both the Yucatán Peninsula and Florida's west coast. Sand, silt, and clay sediments make up the remaining portion of the shelf.
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if you know that the chuckanut formation was deposited sometime during the tertiary (66-2.6 million years before present), then based on this climate reconstruction data, which hypothesis is true?
Once upon a time, the Seattle area had a climate warm enough to support several tree species. The Chuckanut rock ended up where it is today as a result.
Why is the weather significant?Longer periods of time in one location have a Mediterranean climate. A description of such an environment includes specifics like the usual temperature for each season, how much precipitation there is, and how much sunlight there is.
Why does the weather matter?The weather has an effect on almost every aspect of our lives, including the places we go on vacation, the food we eat, the transportation we use, and the clothes we wear. It has a huge impact on life expectancy, our pleasure, and our ability to survive. The climate is the long-term pattern of heat in any certain location.
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Question 7 of 15
How did the boundaries drawn up by European colonizers affect Africa?
OA. They increased ethnic tensions.
OB. They calmed the civil wars.
OC. They eliminated dictatorships.
OD. They promoted free trade.
They calmed the civil wars. Hence, the relevant option for this question will be option (B).
What is civil wars?A civil war is a bloody battle that takes place on the territory of a state between that state and one or more coordinated non-state actors. Thus, civil wars are distinguished from border disputes, violent conflicts or riots that don't involve states, and state repression of people who can't be categorized as members of an organized or cooperative group, including genocides, as well as from similar violence by non-state actors, like terrorism or violent crime.
Most civil conflicts occur in civilizations that are comparatively less wealthy. Early research on the causes of violence in civilizations tended to emphasize economic hardship and personal grievances. Civil wars can start and develop as a result of factors that are external to certain nations. The participants in numerous civil wars are not usually limited to the nations where the majority of the fighting occurs.
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a long, narrow, sinuous ridge of stratified sand and gravel located in a till plain is known as a(n)
An esker is a long, narrow, sinuous ridge of stratified sand and gravel located in a till plain.
An esker is a long, narrow, winding, steep-sided hill calm of intermittently stratified soil and pebbles. It was located by a subglacial or englacial stream gushing between hailstone obstructions or in a glazed tunnel of stagnant or backtracking snow.
Eskers are hills made of sand and gravel, located by frigid meltwater gushing through tunnels inside and underneath the snow, or through meltwater channels in addition to snow. A sinuous ridge calms mostly of soil and gravel located by a stream abounding in a tunnel beneath snow forthcoming its end. An icicle-moved boulder that did not come from basis familiar allure present site. A narrow sharp hill segregating two adjacent glaciated lowlands.
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what will the distribution of continents look like 100 million years from now, assuming the present rate and direction of continental movement?
The continents' distribution in 100 million years, assuming the present rate and direction of their movement, may look like the attached image below. The hypothetical landmass is called Amasia.
100 million years from now, the face of the Earth will be very different from what we see now. Because of the continental movement, it has been hypothesized that a supercontinent composed of the merger of Asia and North America will form. This prediction is mostly based on the current fact that the Pacific Plate is subducting under Eurasia and North America, pushing the North America westward. This hypothetical supercontinent is called Amasia.
The attached image below shows Amasia, the name of the hypothetical supercontinent that might form 100 million years from now as a result of continental movement. The image is made by Mitchell et al. Nature.
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What are the four classes of large organic molecules important to life on earth?.
There are four classes of large organic molecules important to life on Earth—carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
They carry out the chemical processes necessary for life and build the cells of an organism. All of these molecules contain carbon, which is the fundamental component of life and is referred to as a biomolecule since it is a component of living matter. Because all living things contain carbon, organic substances are crucial. They are the fundamental elements that drive many cycles that shape the planet. Consider the carbon cycle, which involves the exchange of carbon between plants and animals during photosynthesis and cell respiration. Carbon atoms are joined to other atoms, such as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, to form organic molecules. The four categories of organic molecules found in the human body are lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Energy is generated through the consumption of carbohydrates.
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how does the inward drop in air pressure cause heat to be added to a hurricane that is over the ocean?
Once an air parcel reaches the hurricane's eyewall, it turns upward and rises due to a process called convection.
The inward drop in air pressure in a hurricane allows inward flowing air to cool below the sea-surface temperature, which in turn allows more heat to flow in from the sea.
Due to low pressure at its center, twists stream toward the focal point of the tempest and air is constrained vertical. High in the climate, winds stream away from the tempest, which permits additional air from underneath to rise. The air that ascents should be warm and wet so it frames the billows of the tempest.
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mature sedimentary grains are... select all that apply. group of answer choices poorly sorted well rounded well sorted larger in size angular small in size
The correct answer is option C.
In sedimentary rocks, mature sedimentary grains are well sorted.
What are sedimentary grains?Sedimentary grains are units of sedimentary rocks and mature sedimentary grains are well-sorted because they have a uniform appearance.
More specifically, these grains are well rounded and are of similar size and shape, and also exhibit similar composition with a little variation in their appearance.
On the contrary, immature grains have a variety of shapes and sizes and are more rounded, and show a diverse composition with a large degree of variation.
Simply put, the chemical composition of sedimentary grains shows that they are either organic or inorganic material that is formed as a result of weathering of rock fragments and are carried away and deposited by wind and water, etc.
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Which directly contributed to soil erosion on the great plains in the 1930s?the homestead actrailroadsheavy rainsfarming.
Farming directly contributed to soil erosion on the great plains in the 1930s. When soil is removed from a location on the landscape, it is called soil erosion.
Wind and water are the two primary causes of soil erosion. Climate generally affects what kind of erosion takes place. Strong winds and a generally dry climate in the Great Plains contribute to the region's extensive wind erosion. For instance, on May 12, 1934, winds transported roughly 200 million tons of soil from the Southern Great Plains 1,500 miles to the Atlantic Ocean. Loose, finely divided, dry soil on a bare, smooth surface are the ideal circumstances for wind erosion.
Suspension, saltation, and surface creep are the three mechanisms by which wind erosion moves soil. Large distances can be covered by suspension of very small particles (less than 0.05 mm in diameter). When the wind speed is lowered or they are washed away by rain, the particles lose their suspension and fall to the ground.
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In order to correctly rank the events in the Grand Canyon scene in Part A, it is necessary to apply several geologic laws. From the list below, please select only the laws that are used to determine the order of events in the photograph in Part A.
Select all that apply.
View Available Hint(s)
Select all that apply.
The Law of Inclusions
The Law of Cross-Cutting
The Law of Lateral Continuity
The Law of Original Horizontality
The Law of Superposition
The correct answer is The Law of Original Horizontality. It is necessary to apply several geologic laws.
Sediment is deposited horizontally, according to the original horizontality concept. With liquids, it can be sometimes simpler to picture this: picture pouring water into a cup. The water's surface is absolutely horizontal and flat. That water stays flat when you pour it into a bowl. According to the Law of Original Horizontality, all rock layers were initially deposited horizontally and are therefore susceptible to deformation. This enables us to deduce that for the rocks to be slanted, something must have happened to them. This comprises quakes, faulting, and mountain-building activities.
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porous, water-saturated layers of underground bedrock, sand, and gravel that can yield economically significant amounts of water are referred to as: a. leachates. b. aquifers. c. surface water. d. groundwater.
Porous, water-saturated layers of underground bedrock, sand, and gravel that can yield economically significant amounts of water are referred to as aquifers
Aquifers are subterranean formations of bedrock, sand, and gravel saturated with water that can economically produce significant amounts of water.
What is Real Bedrock?Bedrock is solid rock that lies beneath surface soil or gravel. Sand and other layers on the seabed are also supported by bedrock. Consolidated rock, or bedrock, is solid and strongly bonded rock. Loose-grained unconsolidated rock is often found as subsoil.
Is bedrock really rock?The bedrock that balances the earth's crust is solid rock. While the entire state is covered by bedrock, Maine is mostly covered by a layer of surface sediment, soil, and vegetation.
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of the three assumptions of a climate envelope model mentioned in the video, which is the safest to assume in the short term?
The correct option is c. The safest assumption of a climate envelope model is that Biotic interactions between species will not change.
In order to identify a species' climate niche, climate envelope models depict correlations between species distributions and bioclimate factors. Estimates of expected climate change can be used to extrapolate relationships generated from current data. In order to produce spatially detailed forecasts of possible distribution, climate envelope models, a subset of the larger family of species distribution models, connect species presence or abundance with climate factors. Because it identifies important connections between change-causing factors and pertinent responses, climate envelope modelling is one sort of modelling that can be helpful in understanding how species and habitats react to climate change.
Of the three assumptions of a climate envelope model mentioned in the video, which is the safest to assume in the short term?
a) Adaptation does not occur
b) No barriers prevent dispersal
c) Biotic interactions between species will not change
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