The Fourth Amendment's standard of probable cause must often be satisfied before police can make an arrest, carry out a search, or obtain a warrant.
The Bill of Rights is comprised of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. It outlaws arbitrary searches and seizures. Additionally, it establishes requirements for the issuance of warrants, including that they be issued by a judge or magistrate, supported by proof of probable cause and an oath or affirmation, and that they specifically state the location that will be searched as well as the people or things that will be seized. Three key topics are covered by Fourth Amendment case law: what defines "searches" and "seizures" by the government, what justifies such searches and seizures, and how to handle Fourth Amendment rights violations. Early court rulings restricted the amendment's application to physical invasions of property or people, but in Katz v. United States (1967), the Supreme Court ruled that its protections also cover invasions of people's privacy. The majority of searches and seizures require a warrant; however, the Court has established a number of exceptions for consent searches, motor vehicle searches, evidence that is obvious, urgent circumstances, border searches, and other scenarios.
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you are the judge. the prosecutor in a criminal case charges john with battery for hitting dan in the face with a swinging door. dan, the victim, is called as the only witness and testifies that john pushed the door open very fast. but then he adds that he does not believe that john knew he was on the other side of the door. shoudl you find john guilty of criminal battery on dan?
Because one of the criteria of the crime is intent to cause harm, John is not guilty of violence against Dan. There is no proof that John intended to strike Dan with the door in this instance.
There is no proof that John intended to strike Dan with the object in this instance. John is accused of battery in a court proceeding after slapping Dan in the face with a swinging door. Dan, the victim, is the only witness contacted, and he confirms that John pushed the door open quickly. Because one of the criteria of the crime is intent to inflict injury, John is not Really guilty of battery on Dan. No, since John had no intention of striking Dan.
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a federal law called a(n) statute is the source of an administrative agency's authority and establishes that agency's scope and jurisdiction over certain matters.
Federal laws called enabling statutes act as the sources of administrative agency's authority, and established that agency's scope and jurisdiction over a number of political as well as social matters.
If the rules and regulations created by the legislation are applicable across the country and changes to them can only be made by relevant authorities working for the federal government, this is referred to as a violation of the law. Furthermore, it should be mentioned that breaking these rules could result in the perpetrator receiving both punishment and penalty.
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Complete question
a federal law called a(n) ____________ statute is the source of an administrative agency's authority and establishes that agency's scope and jurisdiction over certain matters.
10
Public security agents are commissioned and hired by the federal government only.
Answer: yes that is true but whats the question
Explanation:
if an unforeseen event occurs that makes it physically or legally impossible for a party to carry out the terms of a contract, the parties will be discharged due to .
If an unforeseen type of event occurs which makes it physically and legally impossible for any kind of party to carry out any type of terms of contract, and as well as the parties will get discharged due to Force majeure.
Force majeure refers to a scenario in which the overall performance of a contractual responsibility has come to be not possible for a celebration because of an occasion which changed into past their control. Force majeure is now and again used synonymously with Act of God, not unusualplace examples consist of earthquakes, floods, hurricanes or tsunamis.
Contracts normally consist of so-known as pressure majeure clauses. A Dutch legal professional can endorse you when it comes to pressure majeure beneathneath Dutch Law and the (blessings of) inclusion and results of inclusive of a extra precise pressure majeure clause. Force majeure clauses may be suitable in contracts for the sale of goods, contracts for the availability of services, distribution contracts, corporation contracts, etc.
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dave bought a pizza which was divided into five slices. after eating the third slice he couldn't eat the fourth slice. applying the law of diminishing marginal utility to this scenario which of the following statements is true?
Using the principle applications of the diminishing marginal utility, it can be stated that the marginal utility that Dave has derived from consumption of fourth slice is a lot lesser than the one derived from the consumption of the third slice of the pizza. Therefore, the option C is correct.
As per the diminishing marginal utility law, the additional utility derived by a consumer keeps on diminishing at an increasing rate due to the achievement of a point of satisfaction on the graphical representation of the same.
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Complete question
Dave bought a pizza, which was divided into five slices. After eating the third slice, he couldn't eat the fourth slice. Applying the law of diminishing marginal utility to this scenario, which of the following statements is true?
a. The marginal utility derived from the fourth slice is more than the marginal utility derived from the third slice.
b. The marginal utility derived from the fourth slice is equal to the marginal utility derived from the third slice.
c. The marginal utility derived from the fourth slice is less than the marginal utility derived from the third slice.
d. The marginal utility derived from the third slice is more than the marginal utility derived from the second slice.
After a bill is introduced in the House and numbered, what is the next step? The bill is sent to a committee. The bill receives its first reading. The bill is scheduled for a vote. The bill is sent to the President.
When a bill is introduced in the House and numbered, the next step is that the bill receives its first reading. The Option B is correct.
What is a legislative process of a bill?Basically, In the house, the representative sponsors a bill, it is then assigned to a committee for study. If it is released by the committee, the bill is put on a calendar to be voted on, debated or amended. But if the bill passes by simple majority (218 of 435), the bill moves to the Senate.
In Senate, the bill is assigned to another committee and if released, debated and voted on. If they makes changes, the bill must return to the House for concurrence. This resulting bill returns to House and Senate for final approval and the President then has 10 days to veto the final bill or sign it into law.
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The proclamation act of 1763 restricted the freedom of the colonists to: trade with other nations travel at will from town to town settle anywhere other than the land along the atlantic coast levy their own taxes.
Apparently, you can settle anyplace but the territory along on the Atlantic Coast.
What function does trade serve?Trade is a driver of growth that boosts economic opportunity, decreases poverty, and generates employment. The World Bank Group assists its client nations in increasing their involvement in the global economy and their entrance to developed country the markets.
Describe the trade procedure.The business procedure is a random process with periods of the activity and transactions. Participants in the market might get knowledge from the revelations of this process. They impact the market maker's perception of the stock's value, which affects the pricing.
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according to the text, data on custody arrangements reveal that sole physical and legal custody is granted to the mother approximately (fill in the blank) of the time.
The text's description of the custody arrangements reveals that the mother is given sole physical custody about 75% of the time.
Which phrase best describes the quizlet on sole custody?A parent with sole legal custody has the authority to make choices for their child's health, education, religion, discipline, and general welfare.
Who gets to decide who gets to live with the child?While legal custody deals with one aspect of a kid's upbringing, physical custody decides where a child resides. Even if a parent does not have physical possession of their kid, it is crucial that they continue to battle for legal custody.
What are some of the criteria the court considers when deciding on custody?Judges Consider Ages of Children When Making Custody Decisions.
requirements of the kids.the capacity of each parent to provide for their children.children's interactions with each parent.children's interactions with other family members.keeping the lives of children stable.the physical and mental well-being of youngsters.Learn more about custody: https://brainly.com/question/14890104
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three brothers are arrested over a seven-year period for three different crimes. the oldest brother, james, was arrested for second-degree murder and was sentenced to twenty years in prison. john, the second brother, was arrested for drug possession and was sentenced to thirteen months in prison. jason, the youngest, was arrested for grand larceny and is currently serving four to seven years in prison. given this information, answer the following questions. Jason would most likely serve his time in a:
Jason would most likely serve his time in a medium security prison.
A person is sent to a prison dependent on the crime committed and sentencing of that crime. Lower the severity of crime, lower security prison. Jason committed a crime which is not extreme severe nor liberal, so he will serve his time in a medium security prison.
Medium Federal Correctional Institutions are another name for medium-security federal prisons (FCIs). They have increased staff-to-inmate ratios, fortified perimeters, perimeter fencing, and improved security measures for prisoners.
The Federal Bureau of Prisons states that medium-security prisons typically keep convicts in cells, have strong perimeters, and have a high staff-to-inmate ratio. They are typically encircled by double-fence perimeters with electronic detecting systems. Additionally, inmate population control is increased by prison officials.
About 32.4 percent of federal inmates are housed in medium-level prisons. This translates to approximately 50,856 federal inmates. They are almost as crowded as federal prisons with low security.
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during the first months following issuance of a provisional license (class d), only immediate family members may ride in the vehicle while it is being driven by the provisional license (class d) holder. select one:
During the first six months following the issuance of a Provisional License (Class D), only immediate family members may ride in the vehicle while it is being driven by the Provisional License (Class D) holder.
A provisional license is a license with special conditions. They are also referred to as a provisional instruction permit. And, more casually, they sometimes called a learner's permit. It is only given to people 16-18 years old. Even though you can legally drive alone after you are 16 years old, you need to have a provisional driver's license six months prior.
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some individuals with political aspirations are incompetent bozos. therefore, some incompetent bozos are individuals with political aspirations. question 10 options: amphiboly. no fallacy. argument against the person, abusive. begging the question.
Some individuals with political aspirations are incompetent bozos. therefore, some incompetent bozos are individuals with political aspirations no fallacy
Political Aspirations are aspirations to accomplish a life goal. They can be viewed as big-picture objectives that give one's life direction and meaning. Although the phrase is frequently used interchangeably with goals, there are several significant distinctions. When you consider your goals for the future, you are motivated by aspiration. political aspirations is defined as "a strong desire to accomplish something lofty or wonderful." Maybe you've heard individuals say, "I want to be a doctor," or "I want to be a good father." The word "aspiration" is frequently used to characterize middle-class families' desire to "move on in life."
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if a court rules a certain way on a case because previous cases of similar nature were subject to the same rule, that court is relying on what?
Simply put, it implies that, depending on the court's organizational hierarchy, the judgments reached by judges in earlier, analogous cases are binding on later cases.
As a result, where a case contains comparable substantial circumstances to a case that has been determined by a higher court, a lower court is required by precedent to adopt that judgment. A court is required to follow the ratio of any judgment made by a court further up in the hierarchy, whether or not the decision is correct
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Which of the following strategies typically involve graduated sanctions ranging from intensive supervision, to a halfway house placement, to a brief period of incarceration?
A brief period of incarceration strategies typically involve graduated sanctions ranging from intensive supervision.
A fixed sentence of incarceration strategies might last anywhere from one day to thirty years. Regardless of the actual number of days in the month of imprisonment, the criminal justice system always counts a month in prison as thirty days. As a result, a year in prison lasts 360 days rather than 365. Those who have received a fixed-term jail sentence may be eligible for parole release. In the Netherlands, being sentenced to life in prison actually means being imprisoned forever. A person who has been given a life sentence can only be let free if the king pardons him. Approximately 30 inmates in the Netherlands are currently serving life sentences.
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Clint and Carlina are lifelong friends who have decided to open a bakery together. They are both experienced bakers who specialize in artisanal cheesecake, and they feel the world is in need of their creamy and decadent desserts. They are concerned about protecting their assets in case the business fails, about being able to pay the taxes for a business that is just starting out, and about the difficulty of setting up and maintaining the business.
What are the pros and cons of the different business entities they could form? (Go through the four (4) main types of business entities we have learned about). Which type of business entity do you think would be their best option and why?
The merger is the best option that they can get would be their best option.
The ownership of businesses, other businesses, or various units may be passed to or combined with yet another firm in a move known as a merger.
Clint and Carlina have decided to open a bakery together. They are both experienced bakers who specialize in artisanal cheesecake and feel the world is in need of their desserts.
The couple is concerned about protecting their assets in case the business fails, and about the difficulty of running a business then they will merge and the asset and the business can both be managed in the same manner.
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Write an essay that evaluates the reasoning of the supreme court majority opinion and dissent in the case of tinker v. Des moines. You must decide which argument is stronger and support your claim with evidence from the text itself. That evidence can take the form of quotes, facts, summaries, or anything else you can find in the tinker v. Des moines case. Besides making a claim and supporting it with evidence, you should also respond to a counterclaim. Who might disagree with your opinion and why? how might you provide a rebuttal to this person's argument?.
The majority of the Supreme Court ruled in a 7-2 decision that neither students nor teachers "give up their guaranteed by the constitution rights to free speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate." The Court ruled that school authorities could not restrict speech solely because they feared it would disrupt the teaching atmosphere.
The differing view contended that the First Amendment does not grant the ability to voice any view point at any time. Students go to school to learn, not to be taught. The armbands were a nuisance. School officials with a lawful interest in maintaining school order must have broad power to safeguard a productive learning atmosphere.
Students will be able to apply Tinker v. Des Moines precedent to a fictional, contemporary scenario. They will use civil debate skills to investigate the tensions among both students' interests in democracy and free speech on campus and the interests of their school in maintaining an arranged teaching atmosphere. They will be able to agree and reach concessions.
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some individuals with political aspirations are incompetent bozos. therefore, some incompetent bozos are individuals with political aspirations. question 10 options: amphiboly. no fallacy. argument against the person, abusive. begging the question.
Some individuals with political aspirations are incompetent bozos. therefore, some incompetent bozos are individuals with political aspirations no fallacy
Political Aspirations are aspirations to accomplish a life goal. They can be viewed as big-picture objectives that give one's life direction and meaning. Although the phrase is frequently used interchangeably with goals, there are several significant distinctions. When you consider your goals for the future, you are motivated by aspiration. political aspirations is defined as "a strong desire to accomplish something lofty or wonderful." Maybe you've heard individuals say, "I want to be a doctor," or "I want to be a good father." The word "aspiration" is frequently used to characterize middle-class families' desire to "move on in life."
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Part 1 – Theory Summary
Choose one of the criminological theories we have covered this semester that you feel is depicted in your chosen song and summarize its: 1) major components, 2) assumptions, and 3) its basic description of the cause of crime. 250-word limit (1 page, double-spaced, 1-inch margins, Times New Roman 12-point font)
Part II – Application
Apply your chosen theory to describe how the song's lyrics embody or capture the theory you have chosen. Describe how the theory’s main propositions are demonstrated through the song's lyrics. 250-word limit (1 page, double-spaced, 1-inch margins, Times New Roman 12-point font)
The criminological theories that has been covered this semester that I feel is depicted in my chosen song is Biological Theories of Crime.
Biological Crime TheoriesAccording to biological theories of crime, a person's biology determines whether or not they will commit a crime.
Its components are: Genetic, neurological, or physical qualities that may be among the biological traits that biological theories of crime contend are connected to criminality.
With a focus on the conceptual unification provided by evolutionary and developmental approaches, the journal Biological Theory is devoted to theoretical developments in the disciplines of evolution and cognition.
The 19th century thinkers who developed the biological theories of crime contend that a person's biology determines whether or not they will commit crimes.
Therefore, Some people have a genetic, hormonal, or neurological predisposition to criminality. potentially inherited (existing at birth) or acquired (through accident or illness).
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in a minimum of 250 words, why it is a strength of the California POST Board of Commissioners to have these civic, professional, and community groups represented: The California POST Commission forms a balanced group of city and county administrators, law enforcement professionals, educators, and public members. The Governor appoints fifteen of the Commissioners, with the advice and consent of the Senate, for three-year overlapping terms. The attorney general is an ex-officio member and serves as the sixteenth POST Commissioner. The Commission meets three times a year to establish standards and regulations and to give direction to POST staff. Commissioners serve without pay but are reimbursed for their expenses for attending meetings. All Commission meetings are open to the public.
In writing an essay you must consider the structure of the essay, Hence, the structure of the essay should be considered;
The Introduction The bodyThe conclusionWhat is California POST Board of Commissioners?Generally, The Commission on Peace Officer Criteria and Training (POST) was created in 1959 by the California Legislature in order to establish basic standards for the selection of law enforcement officers and the training they receive.
The POST Professional Certificate Program promotes education, training, and professionalism in law enforcement; increases the level of competency of law enforcement personnel; and promotes collaboration between the Commission, its clients, and others in the community.
POST is committed to ensuring that all law enforcement agencies in the state of California have access to training that is of a high quality and can be completed at a reasonable cost.
This training focuses on the development of the abilities, knowledge, ethics, and attitudes that are necessary for achieving and sustaining professional excellence.
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the conservative approach to crime which of the following is true about the juvenile justice system in states like alabama, arkansas, florida, iowa, massachusetts, new york, pennsylvania, south dakota, and west virginia?
According to the conservative approach to crime, the juvenile justice system in states including Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Iowa, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, & West Virginia sends more than half of committed juveniles to privately run institutions.
The juvenile justice system's most prevalent disposition is probation monitoring. Other court-ordered requirements, such as voluntary work, restitution, and involvement in community treatment services, are sometimes coupled with probation monitoring.
For adolescent offenders, this represents the lowest degree of commitment in a jail-like setting. Guards, fences, or locking doors serve as the facility's security measures. Every juvenile in the non-secure residential facility is under constant monitoring, and each one's treatment program is customized to meet their specific rehabilitative requirements.
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there is no national or standard policy regarding whether probation or parole officers should carry a firearm, and officers themselves are not in agreement about being armed.
Regarding whether probation or parole officers should be armed, there is no established national policy, and the officers disagree among themselves. is accurate.
Officers carrying firearms has divided opinion; some supporters of the treatment-based model of supervision have complained to it, while others have welcomed it. Across the country, some agencies have made carrying a firearm an option, others have made it mandatory, and still other organizations still forbid officers from carrying at all. Violence against probation and parole officers personnel includes verbal threats, dog attacks by offenders, bomb threats, physical assaults, and resistance to arrest. In response to these difficulties, some contend that probation and parole agencies should permit its officials to possess firearms. Parole officers are urged to engage in more aggressive behaviors when supervising a population of violent offenders. Probation has a wide range of positions, from management to actual Officers who work one-on-one with the offenders. It is one of the most significant components of the CJ system.
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When a team is given a free kick how many meters away does the defending teams wall of players need to be from the ball.
All opponents must stay at least 9.15 meters (10 yards) away from the ball until it enters play, if they're on their own goal area between the goalposts.
What does "goal" signify in sports?A goal in sports can either refer to a specific scoring event or the actual location or structure where an opposition team must throw the ball or ice in order to earn points. Every sport has a different goal framework.
How do Clear goals work?Specific, Quantifiable, Achievable, Meaningful, and Time-Bound goals are also known as smart goals. By defining these parameters in relation to your goal, you can be sure that your goals can be attained in a set amount of time.
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Which of the following does not represent amajor contributing factor in party realignment?a. demographic shiftsb. changes in key issuesc. changes in party strategiesd. third parties
D. third parties IS THE RIGHT CHOICE This is not a major contributing factor in party realignment.
Third parties bring important issues to the major parties' attention. They are also frequently used as cliffhangers in the elections in which they participate.
How do political parties work with the state and local governments to keep new parties from forming?
Election laws make it more difficult to appear on the ballot, and the Electoral College makes it more difficult for third parties to participate.
What are the benefits and pitfalls of partisan polarization?
Supportive: Gives voters a wide range of choices.
slightly negative: Moderates do not vote or take part in government, which exacerbates party controversy.
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the statute of kilkenny attempted to group of answer choices force the irish to move into cities and villages where english landowners could better control and tax them. institute a tax on irish grazing practices so that english landlords could profit from their common lands. protect the irish from abuse by english landlords who instituted unauthorized fees and taxes. maintain the ethnic purity of the english living in ireland by preventing intermarriage or cultural assimilation.
Correct Option is (D). It's maintain any ethnic purity for the given english living at Ireland in order to prevent intermarriage or prevent cultural assimilation.
Cultural assimilation is the system wherein a minority institution or way of life involves resemble a society's majority institution or expect the values, behaviors, and ideals of every other institution whether or not completely or partially. Terminology. The term “intermarriage” refers to marriages among a Hispanic and a non-Hispanic, or marriages among non-Hispanic.
It's spouses who come from the subsequent distinct racial groups: white, black, Asian, American Indian, multiracial or a few different race. Not most effective are they reflective of assimilation and ethnic attractiveness amongst the ones withinside the marriage, however additionally they generate interethnic commingling amongst own circle of relatives members, friends, and broader social networks which in flip outcomes in in addition assimilation and attractiveness.
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Correct Question:
The statute of Kilkenny attempted to :
A. force the Irish to move into cities and villages where the English landowners could better control and tax them
B. institute a tax on Irish grazing practices so that English landlords could profit from their common lands
C. protect the Irish from abuse by English landlords who instituted unauthorized fees and taxes
D. maintain the ethnic purity of the English living in Ireland by preventing intermarriage or cultural assimilation
individuals high on machiavellianism are significantly more likely to have unethical intentions and to engage in unethical behavior including accepting kickbacks
The given statement is true.
High Machiavellianism individuals may be more willing and adept liars who are less likely to be honest in their replies during interviews. In contrast to psychopaths or narcissists, people with high levels of Machiavellianism are more likely to intend to use deceit in interviews and to consider such usage as ethical. Men and women with high levels of Machiavellianism may approach interviewers in various ways. Women with high levels of Machiavellianism tended to give interviewers more latitude to control the interview's content, according to a study that looked at how much candidates let interviewers steer the issues discussed during the interview. Men with high levels of Machiavellianism provided interviewers the least degree of latitude in determining the interview's topic. During job interviews, men with high levels of Machiavellianism were also more inclined to fabricate details about their backgrounds or experiences. An interviewer or human resources representative with a high degree of Machiavellianism is more likely to mislead, manipulate, or otherwise alter the course of an interview or recruiting process.
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signs that use blue, white and red colors and have the interstate number located on the middle of the sign are: a) regulatory signs b) warning signs c) guide signs d) interstate signs
Warning. Diamond-shaped warning signs are orange or yellow with black wording or symbols.
What are the warning indicators of danger?Danger When a danger or hazardous state is likely to prove lethal, safety signs are used to alert people. The word "Danger" is displayed inside a red oval that is encased in a black rectangle and frequently includes other warning symbols.
What are the benefits of warning and safety signs?Images and symbols can alert people to threats more quickly and effectively than words. Safety symbols' primary purpose is to keep people out of accidents. A "Falling Debris" sign, for example, would direct anybody away from the path where there is possibility of falling debris before continuing forward.
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which of the following is classification system that uses the degree to which an offender is likely to recidivate and the amount of help required?
Criminal history, youth at discharge, and neighborhood characteristics were the three variables most frequently linked to the probability of recidivism across conditions.
How do you gauge the likelihood of recidivism?Recidivism is commonly calculated as the percentage of criminals in the cohort who have successfully completed the obey period who have participated in at least one recidivist incident.
What are the primary reasons recidivism occurs?Numerous factors can contribute to recidivism, such as social interactions while incarcerated, a lack of job and financial opportunity, depression, a failure to reintegrate into society, an invariable lifestyle and circle after release, and the failure to address the underlying issues that lead to crime while incarcerated.
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the county prosecutor has hired you to investigate a case in which the county treasurer has been accused of embezzlement. what additional resources, such as other experts, might you need to collect data for this investigation? write a one-page paper outlining what resources you should consider to help you with the evidence collection process.
Case Analysis:
This case is around the investigation of a treasure who has been suspected of embezzlement. The county prosecutor has hired an investigative agency to gather precise information on the wealth so that there are no loose ends when the treasure case is presented to the court.
Resources necessary for evidence collection:
To acquire the evidence, many resources such as specialists, forensic gear, and officers are necessary. If there is a large amount of evidence against the accused treasurer, the case grows stronger. As a result, more resources are necessary to collect faster and more evidence.
Forensic equipment:
Many Forensics tools for analysing are used for examining the accused machine, such as the Forensic Toolkit (FTK), ProDiscover, Registry Recon, EnCase, Sleuth Kit, Backlight, MacQuisition, Digital Forensic Framework, and Open Computer Forensics Architecture.
Bank closures:
A forensic team also meets with the accused's bank manager to gather information. They can find out how much he has spent in the previous three months or a year by requesting his bank information. That knowledge was also useful in proving his guilt. An investigator can evaluate his overall source of income and then determine his property and worth on that basis.
Hence avove given is a correct answer.
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the of policing is generally found in suburban police departments where there is relatively little crime. group of answer choices community-policing style legalistic style service style watchman style
In suburban police forces where crime is often low, the service model of policing is typically used.
The most common police approach is community policing. Police officers frequently check to see whether someone is engaged in unlawful activity in the neighborhood.
The emphasis of the service style is on assisting others and the public. Instead of focusing on upholding the law, it focuses on engaging with and assisting the people informally. Consider it "public service."
The watchman approach distinguishes between the two policing functions of maintaining order and enforcing the law. The legalistic approach uses minimal discretion & follows the law by increasing the number of tickets issued, arrests made, and complaints signed by victims.
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kellen is selling a vehicle which has been previously been in an accident and which shows obvious damage. if he does not tell the buyer about the accident, has he committed fraudulent misrepresentation? yes, even though the damage is obvious. no, if the buyer does not ask about the vehicle history. no, because it would be inappropriate and not justifiable for a buyer to rely on any of his representations. yes, because the vehicle history is a material fact.
Kellen is selling a vehicle previously involved in an accident and shows obvious damage. If he does not tell the buyer about the accident, he has committed fraudulent misrepresentation because the vehicle history is a material fact.
While buying a vehicle from a private seller, it is crucial to investigate the vehicle properly as the warranties and safeties provided by the manufacturers or dealers are not present here. Most of the time, in a situation, it is not easy to go back to a private seller after the purchase of the vehicle. Still, there are ways in which the private seller can be held legally responsible for any mishaps.
For instance, if a private seller has fulfilled all the document requirements but does not informs about a safety defect in the vehicle, he/she is committing fraud here. If the safety defect results in injury, the private seller will be held responsible for the accident. It is mandatory to tell the vehicle history as it is a material fact.
Another way a private seller can be held liable is a misrepresentation of vehicle history by negligence. If the private seller is unable to inform about the vehicle history and defect by negligence, the vehicle could meet with an accident due to that defect. This is also equal to committing fraud, even if it is negligence.
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this case supported the idea that an educational requirement can be quantitatively job validating in stating that such requirements indicates a measure of accomplishment and ability which is essential for performance as a police officer:
Davis v. City of Dallas is essential for performance as a police officer:
A warranted legal employee of a police force is known as a police officer, also known as a policeman and, less frequently, a policewoman. The phrase "police officer" is generally used in the global sense and does not denote a specific rank. Some countries only allow military personnel to use the title "officer," according to the law. The usual responsibilities of police personnel include the detention of suspects, the prevention, detection, and reporting of crime, the defence and help of the general public, and the maintenance of public order. Along with other obligations and powers, police officers can take an oath and have the authority to make brief detentions and arrests of people. Some officers have received training for specialized responsibilities such counterterrorism, surveillance, child protection,
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