The four levels of protein structure are primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure. Review the levels of protein structure by clicking the image below.
Drag each label into the appropriate bin depending on whether it applies to primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary structure.
Answers
Proteins are composed of a sequence of amino acids linearly arranged. To accomplish their functions thet must adopt different structures. Primary structure: Amino acid sequence. Secondary structure: Alpha helix. Beta pleated sheet. Results from hydrogen bonding between the backbone constitutents of the polypeptide. Tertiary structure: Results from interaction between side chains (R groups) of amino acids. The overall shape of the polypeptide. Quaternary structure: The aggregation of multiple polypeptide subunits.
What is the protein structure?Proteins are molecules composed of several amino acids.
Amino acids are monomers composed of
a central carbon, a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group (COOH), an amine group (NH₂), and an R group.
The R group is what differentiates one amino acid from another one.
Several amino acids linearly arranged and connected by peptidic bonds compose the polypeptide.
The peptidic bond is the union of two amino acids by their carboxyl and amine groups.
The R group of each amino acid stabilizes the molecule through their interactions.
The amount of amino acids that compose the polypeptide and their order in the chain determines the primary structure of the protein. The primary structure of the proteins determines the tertiary one.
Protein functions also depend on the amino acid sequences. Proteins with different functions have different sequences. And among species, proteins with similar functions have similar structures.
The primary structure is basically, the sequence of amino acids in the chain. It refers to the amino acid arrangement.
The secondary structure is achieved through hydrogen bonds (between -CO- and -NH- groups), when the polypeptidic chain folds and different regions of the molecule get in touch. The molecule can adopt conformations like the alpha-helix and beta-sheet.
The three-dimensional structure involves a higher folding degree, in a tridimensional space. This level makes the protein even more stable in the environment and capable of accomplishing its functions.
The quaternary structure can be seen when proteins are composed of more than one subunit. The way in which these subunits arrange is the fourth structure.
The hydrophilic R-groups stay permanently in the molecule interior, avoiding interaction with water.
In the image,
Primary structure: Amino acid sequenceSecondary structure: Alpha helix. Beta pleated sheet. Results from hydrogen bonding between the backbone constitutents of the polypeptide.Tertiary structure: Results from interaction between side chains (R groups) of amino acids. The overall shape of the polypeptide. Quaternary structure: The aggregation of multiple polypeptide subunits.You can learn more about protein structure at
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Related Questions
How might the variety of traits affect the survival of the ladybugs?
Answers
Answer:
The variety of traits may cause the species of ladybugs to divert. Over time, if certain ladybugs were more adept at surviving on a certain plant or a different place, those ladybugs might survive, while others don't.
Another example is internal traits. For example, if pesticides that killed ladybugs were sprayed and there were some ladybugs that were resistant to it, more of those ladybugs would survive to reproduce.
Another impact could be the physical characteristics of the species. For example if there were yellow ladybugs and red ladybugs, and birds could see the yellow ladybugs better, since birds are predators of ladybugs, they could eat more of the red ladybugs. As a result, more red ladybugs would survive to pass on the gene that makes them red colored.
These are some examples. Hope this helps!
The variety of traits may cause the species of ladybugs to divert. Over time, if certain ladybugs were more adept at surviving on a certain plant or a different place, those ladybugs might survive, while others don't.
What are traits?A trait is a characteristic pattern of behavior or conscious motive which can be self‐assessed or assessed by peers. The term type is used to identify a certain collection of traits that make up a broad, general personality classification.
Moreover, it is a specific characteristic of an individual. Traits can be determined by genes, environmental factors or by a combination of both. Traits can be qualitative (such as eye color) or quantitative (such as height or blood pressure).
Therefore, biological traits describe species' physiology, morphology, life history, and behavior, capturing both inter-specific interactions and the connections between species and their environment.
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How many carbon-carbon bonds does pyruvate have? How many carbon-carbon bonds does acetyl-CoA have?
Answers
Acetyl CoA contains one carbon carbon bond compared to Pyruvate's three
One glucose molecule undergoes glycolysis to produce two molecules of pyruvic acid with three carbons each.
Acetyl coenzyme A and carbon dioxide are produced by the acetylation and decarboxylation of each of these pyruvate molecules.
Acetyl CoA molecules therefore have two carbon atoms per unit.
Coenzyme A is an essential component of this process, which turns a NAD+ molecule into NADH and releases a carbon dioxide molecule.
The oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate by the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex results in acetyl-CoA, a two-carbon acetyl unit ligated to the acyl-group carrier CoA.
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What kind of mechanisms
does the body have to stop
mutations from occurring?
A. cell death
B. viral infection
C. meiosis
D. repairing and proofreading
mechanisms this
Answers
Now fill in three Punnett squares, one for each trait.
Father’s Alleles
Mother’s Alleles
Trait:
M
m
M
m
Father’s Alleles
Mother’s Alleles
Trait:
M
m
M
m
Father’s Alleles
Mother’s Alleles
Trait:
M
m
M
m
Answers
Punnett squares are used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes among the progeny and their proportions. In the example, the expected genotypes are: 1/4 = 25% MM, 2/4 = 50% Mm, 1/4 = 25% mm. The expected phenotypes are: 3/4 = 75% of the progeny express the dominant trait. 1/4 = 25% of the progeny express the recessive trait.
Note: I could not find the complete question, so I will only fill the Punnett squares.
What is a Punnett square?The Punnett square is the representation of a cross that shows the different types of gamete combinations according to the alleles involved in a cross.
Punnett square shows the probabilities of getting offspring with different genotypes and their consequent phenotypes.
Cross: father with mother
Parentals) Mm x Mm
Gametes) M m M m
Punnett square) M m
M MM Mm
m Mm mm
F1) 1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be MM
2/4 = 50% of the progeny is expected to be Mm
1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be mm
3/4 = 75% of the progeny is expected to express the dominant trait
1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to express the recessive trait.
You can fill the three Punnett squares in the same way, and the expressed phenotype will depend on the trait coded in each case.
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how to describe a neuron and all of it's part and how they work together
Answers
Most neurons have a cell body, an axon, and dendrites. The cell body contains the nucleus and cytoplasm. The axon extends from the cell body. Dendrites extend from the neuron cell body.
What are neurons?Neurons are information messengers. They use electrical impulses and chemical signals to transmit information between different areas of the brain, and between the brain and the rest of the nervous system.
The two types of prominent brain cells are the glial cells and the neurons. While neurons in the brain play the lead role, glial cells outnumber neurons in different areas throughout the brain.
Neurons (also called neurons or nerve cells) are the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, the cells responsible for receiving sensory input from the external world.
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what came first, the chicken or the egg? explain your reasoning, and backup your argument!!
Answers
What would happen if there were to many squirrels in a park
Answers
Answer: They would overrun the area and there wouldn't be enough space for all of them and also there wouldn't be enough nuts to go around.
Explanation:
My Brain.
Insertions and deletions cause
what type of mutation?
A. severe
B. point
C. frameshift this
Answers
The brain, heart, and stomach are examples of ____________.
Group of answer choices
A. organisms
B. cells
C. organs
D. tissues
Answers
SKILL BUILDER
16.
Label the diagram to identify the biomes. On the lines below the diagram, write a sentence
to explain how the biomes vary in their net primary productivity. Then, circle the name of
the biome that has the highest net primary productivity.
Answers
There are five major types of biomes: aquatic, grassland, forest, desert, and tundra, though some of these biomes can be further divided into more specific categories, such as freshwater, marine, savanna, tropical rainforest, temperate rainforest, and taiga
Define a biome.
A biome is a biogeographical unit made up of a biological community that has developed in response to the physical environment in which it is situated and a common local climate. Many different continents have different biomes. Different habitats can be included in a biome, which is a more general phrase than habitat.
Of all the terrestrial biomes, tropical forests have the highest primary productivity and biodiversity. Large-scale photosynthetic output and rapid growth are encouraged by the physical environment.
As a result of rapid decomposition, the nutrient supply is at its highest in rain forests, where plants are always exposed to high levels of water and light (at the canopy level). The light can support the growth of multiple layers of plants because it is so powerful. When there is a lot of water available, plants can continuously release nutrients from their roots. Without running out of water, they can keep their stomata open all day to maximize CO2 absorption. If necessary, they can use water to cool off. Rapid enzyme activity without seasonal dormancy is made possible by high and constant temperatures.
Due to wind-induced desiccation and stem bending that results in ice damage, tundra and alpine environments do not allow for very tall plant growth. This implies that there may be fewer layers of vegetation and less effective light absorption. The rate at which enzymes can catalyze reactions slows down in cold weather, which restricts NPP. Biochemistry cannot occur when water is frozen. The soil nutrients may be permanently locked up in frozen soil even when the air temperatures rise enough to permit photosynthesis.
Deserts are places with little accessible water. Extreme deserts, whether they are hot or cold, lack water, which makes it difficult for most plants to survive. As a result, productivity is very low. In both environments, plants may exhibit similar adaptations to conserve water.
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images to their corresponding class to test your understanding of various types of microbiological stains:
Answers
The images to their corresponding class to test your understanding of various types of microbiological stains:
Simple Stain: (1 image)
Blue dots imageUse of one colored dyeSpecial Stain: (2 images)
Dark tan with light tan dotsPinkish with red looking dotsDifferential Stain: (3 images)
Endospore Stain (image)Acid-fast Stain (image)Split of two images in oneWhat are differential and simple staining?To detect the size, shape, and arrangement of microbial cells, simple staining uses just one staining agent. Multiple staining agents (dyes) are used in differential staining to distinguish between cellular features.
One dye is used to treat simple stains. To differentiate between two cell types or sections, differential staining techniques use two distinct dyes.
Lastly, Important structures like capsules and flagella are easier to see when using certain dyes.
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Choose the option that best matches the description given.
Authoritative commands or orders are known as
systems
mandates
regulations
civil penalties
Answers
Authoritative commands or orders are known as option B: mandates.
What does a command with authority mean?The term Authoritative commands are known to be commands that are acknowledged as being true or trustworthy.
It is seen as an an authoritative drug or one that is acting in an authoritative or assertive manner; ordering. a commanding manner. It is one that is backed or holding power and official.
Therefore, mandate is seen as an authoritative command; trustee-managed area. It is an intensely happy emotion that typically only lasts a short while.
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Why would two different species have
similar features or behaviors?
A. different time periods
3. similar environmental pressures ths
C. similar DNA
Answers
Explain the ages of crustal rock using evidence of the past and current movements of continental and oceanic crust and the theory of plate tectonics.
Answers
The age of crustal rocks can be determined by the help of plate tectonics as the oldest rocks move away and deeper into the ridge.
How to determine age of crustal rocks?
Crustal rocks or Continental crust is the layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks which are formed by the geological continents and the areas of shallow seabed that are close to their shores which is known as continental shelves.
The surface of continental crust mainly lies above the sea level, its existence allowed the land life to evolve from the marine life. Its existence can also provide broad expanses of shallow water known as epeiric seas and the continental shelves where complex metazoan life could become established during the early Paleozoic period, which is now called as the Cambrian explosion.
By using the magnetic polarity of the sea floor the age of crust rocks can be determined. Very little of the sea floor is older than 150 million years. This is because the oldest sea floor is subducted under other plates and replaces by new surfaces. Thus, the plate tectonics can help in determining the age of crustal rocks.
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The inheritance pattern of one gene will not affect the inheritance pattern of another gene. This is known as (1 point)
O independent assortment.
O genetic variation.
O crossing over.
O random distribution.
Answers
Independent assortment occurs only in independent genes that are far away from each other. A) Independent assortment states that the inheritance pattern of one gene will not affect the inheritance pattern of another gene.
What is independent assortment?
Independent assortment is a law that establishes that the alleles from two or more different genes distribute in gametes independently from each other. In other words, a gamete receives an allele from a gene that does not depend on nor influence the allele of another gene in the same gamete. This can only be applied to independent genes.
Many genes segregate independently after crossing over because they are located far away from each other. But some other genes are too close and they do not segregate independently. These are the linked genes that do not exhibit an independent distribution, and they inherit together more frequently.
Option A is correct. Independent assortment states that the inheritance pattern of one gene will not affect the inheritance pattern of another gene.
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18. A student constructs two diagrams that show the states of two plants and their cells.
According to the diagrams of the plant cells, what causes the difference in the two plants?
A. The mitochondrion, which only stores gases for respiration by the leaf cell, has shrunk, causing the plant to wilt.
B. The mitochondrion, which stores food and provides energy to the leaf cell, has stopped working, causing the plant to wilt.
C. The vacuole, which stores water and helps maintain the shape of the leaf cell, has shrunk, causing the plant to wilt.
D. The vacuole, which stores waste products for elimination from the cell, has stopped working, causing the plant to wilt.
Answers
Answer: c
Explanation: The vacuole, which stores water and helps maintain the shape of the leaf cell, has shrunk, causing the plant to wilt.
4
Question 3 (1 point)
Oc
Od
The table below shows the data collected by a student
observing a species of plant.
Plant Observations
Height (inches) Number of Leaves
15
30
39
5
10
13
Based on the information shown in the table, which of these
best describes the relationship between the change in the
height of a plant from this species and the change in the
number of leaves it has?
For every 1 leaf the plant grows, it gains 1 inch in
height.
For every 3 leaves the plant grows, it gains 5 inches
in height.
For every 3 inches in height the plant grows, it
adds 1 leaf.
For every 1 inch in height the plant grows, it adds
3 leaves.
Answers
The option that best describes the relationship between the change in the height of a plant from this species and the change in the number of leaves it has is D For every 1 inch in height the plant grows, it adds 3 leaves.
How to illustrate the data?It should be noted that based on the information given, a proportional relationship exists between the data.
In this case, at a height of 5 inches, the number of leaves is 15. Therefore, the leaves per inches will be:
= 15/5
= 3
In conclusion, the correct option based on the information is D.
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Explain the ages of crustal rock using evidence of the past and current movements of continental and oceanic crust and the theory of plate tectonics.
Answers
Crustal rocks are found on the Earth's crust. Their age can be determined by measuring how far they have moved from the ridge.
What are Crustal rocks?Crustal Rocks are the rocks which are found on the earth's crust. The continental crust layer is made up of three different types of rocks. These rocks include Sedimentary, Metamorphic, and Igneous rocks.
Most of the crustal rocks are formed before 2.5 billion years ago and are located in cratons. Such an old continental crust is less dense than elsewhere in the Earth and are not readily destroyed by any kind of subduction.
These rocks get older as they move away from the ridge layer, indicating the crust is moving which is explained in plate tectonic theory. The oldest rocks could be found near the edges of the continent.
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What Kingdom and class would this fossil belong to? Explain your choice.
Answers
The fossil organism that is shown in the image comes under the animal kingdom.
What are fossils?Fossils are the preserved remains of plants and animals whose bodies were buried beneath ancient oceans, lakes, and rivers in sediments such as sand and mud. Fossils are any preserved trace of life that is greater than 10,000 years old.
The fossils are of a fish. This comes under the animal kingdom. Fossils are the preserved remnants of ancient species or signs of their remains. Fossils are not the remains of living organisms. They are stones.
Therefore, the fossil organism depicted in the photograph belongs to the animal kingdom.
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Write the letter for the word that best matches the definition
Answers
Answer:92877384
Explanation:
Values are guiding principles for any person or group of people. Universal values are those most common to
all civilized cultures and societies. Values that interpret what is "right" and "wrong” are
O moral values
O emotional values
O spiritual values
O intellectual values
Answers
Values that interpret what is "right" and "wrong” are moral values.
The set of beliefs we have imbibed to live with in dignity that gives us guidelines to achieve individual and collective goals and purposes are known as values.
Importance of moral valuesHonestyRespectCompassionHard workKindnessgratitudesharingCooperationResponsibilityGenerosityThe types of values are:Universal valuesHuman valuesPersonal values Family valuesSociocultural valuesMoral valuesEthical valuesAesthetic valuesSpiritual valuesMaterial valuesEconomic valuesPragmatic valuesLearn more about values on
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Which image shows the type of leukocyte responsible for antibody production?
Answers
The type of leukocyte responsible for antibody production is shown by option D.
What is leucocyte?We know that a leucocyte is a white blood cell. There are three types of blood cells that we have in the human body and these kinds of blood cells are;
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Blood Platelets
Now we know that the white blood cells are the ones that re responsible for the fighting of the organisms that tend to invade the body. The shape of the leucocytes that act as antibodies also reflects the function of the blood cells.
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Question 1 of 10
Which situation is most likely to cause a scientific model to change?
A. The model does not involve the latest technology.
B. Some experts agree that the model is old-fashioned.
C. The model is confirmed by current data.
D. New tests or discoveries challenge an existing model.
SUBMIT
Answers
Answer:
D.New tests or discoveries challenge an existing model
3. Using the sources given, identify the electric charge in this atom.
A. -4
B. 0
C. +4
D. +1
Answers
Answer:
+4
Explanation:
The electric charge in this atom is 0. The correct option is B.
What is electric charge?An electrical charge occurs in a matter atom when the number of protons in the nucleus differs from the number of electrons surrounding that nucleus.
The atom has a negative charge if there are more electrons than protons. a matter of fact.
When charged matter is placed in an electromagnetic field, it experiences a force due to its physical property of electric charge.
A positive or negative electric charge can exist. Like charges repel one another, while unlike charges attract one another.
In the given image, the number of protons are equal to number of electrons, so it can be said that the net charge of the atom is 0.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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Conservation of Mass Activity Worksheet
Instructions: Observe and analyze the interactions between the substances pictured in the slide show. Compare the properties of substances before and after each interaction. You will submit your completed worksheet for grading.
Data Table
On the table below, record your observations before and after the interactions and explain how mass was conserved. Describe the changes in properties that prove a chemical reaction occurred. The first row is an example.
Observations Before Interaction Observations After Interaction How was mass conserved? Proof of a Chemical Reaction
Example: Sugar + Heat The sugar is in tiny white particles in a pile. Heat is not seen but is implied by the heat source. The pile of sugar in the pot has a mass of 100 grams. There is a solid, light brown mass at the bottom of the pot. It has a mass of 100 grams. The mass of the sugar is the same in melted form as it is in solid crystal form. There was not a chemical reaction. Sugar did not change composition. It only melted. Melting point is a physical property, and this is a physical change.
Steel Wool + Oxygen (Fire)
Egg + Heat
Water + Heat
Zinc + Hydrogen Chloride
Sodium Hydroxide + Copper Sulfate
HELPPPP PLEASEEEEEE
Answers
After Interaction How was mass conserved it is discussed below:
Steel Wool + Oxygen (Fire): chemical change
Egg + Heat: chemical change
Water + Heat: physical change.
Zinc + Hydrogen Chloride: chemical change
Sodium Hydroxide + Copper Sulfate: physical change
What is conservation of mass?According to the rule of conservation of mass, no atoms are lost or created during a chemical process. Instead, the atoms combine in various ways to generate products. This is why the number of atoms in each element in a balanced symbol equation is the same on both sides of the equation.
Steel Wool + Oxygen (Fire):The steel wool is a grayish color and has a rough surface. Oxygen is transparent It looks like a powder, and like if it was rusted steel wool but then broken apart and turned into a powder Well Iron oxide is 7 grams and steel wool combined is 7 grams so that the mass was conserved Yes, this is a chemical change because the steel wool rusted and rust is a chemical change, so iron oxide is cause because if a physical change.
Egg + Heat:The egg has a yellow yolk in the middle while there is some type of liquid at the border of the yolk, but it is clear, the heat is hot but transparent The egg turned into a delicious food called an omelet what was yolk staid as a liquid but got a tad harder, but the transparent border around it turned white It was conserved because the eggshell was 4 grams and the fried egg is 41 grams It is a chemical change because it results in the formation of new particles, and the chemical bonds break up and new ones are formed.
Water (H₂O) + Heat:The water is a clear liquid, while the heat is very hot but transparent The water turned into a type of oxygen -Water Vapor- If 5 g of water becomes a gas it becomes 5 g of water vapor. The mass of the liquid water is simply transferred into the mass of the newly formed water vapor. There was no chemical reaction because the water vapor can be turned back to water also it just changed from a liquid to a gas and did not change its composition. So, it is a physical change.
Zinc (Zn) + Hydrogen Chloride (HCl):Zinc: a white/silver metallic solid. Hydrogen chloride (dilute hydroelectric acid) a transparent, colorless liquid with a very low pH (acidic). Zinc "dissolved" in hydrogen chloride, while emitting a colorless gas. The liquid remains a colorless liquid, possibly still having a low pH from the unused acid. The colorless gas collected in a test tube gives a popping sound when ignited with a burning wooden splint, so it is not air embedded in the zinc, nor dissolved in hydroelectric acid. Well although the zinc chloride is 12 grams and not 15 the gas that was released was 3 grams and as we all know 3 + 12 is 15 so that the mass was conserved The production of a new substance (most probably hydrogen) from the reaction of the two reactants. When a few drops of the liquid product are evaporated on a watch glass, a white residue is left. When a few drops of the liquid hydroelectric acid are evaporated on a watch glass, there is no residue. This proves that a new product (hydrogen gas), (white powder, zinc chloride) is produced instead of zinc being physically dissolved in hydroelectric acid. So, it is a chemical change.
Sodium Hydroxide + Copper Sulfate-Sodium hydroxide is a turbid solution and copper sulfate is in form of bright blue crystals. When their solutions are mixed with each other, a pale blue precipitate of basic copper hydroxide & a solution of neutral salt sodium sulfate will be formed. The sodium hydroxide and the copper sulfate combined make a total of 67 grams and the product is split because the sodium sulfate is 47 grams and the copper hydroxide is 20 grams but all together it is still 67 grams so you could say that the mass was conserved. The proof of the reaction is the appearance of pale blue precipitates of basic copper hydroxide & a solution of neutral salt sodium sulfate. So, it is physical change.
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The cell membrane would be found on what type of cell?
Answers
Answer:
Cell membrane is found in all cells.
Answer: The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane, is found in all cells and separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.
Explanation:
. Animal cells simply have a cell membrane, Plant cells have a cell wall, as well as a cell membrane.
PLEASE HELP
Will mark BRAINLIEST
Answers
Answer:
Oxygen
Explanation:
Which of the following best describes your answer for question number 1? *
O Homozygous dominant
O Homozygous recessive
O Heterozygous
Answers
The correct answer is (a) One individual has the dominant phenotype and the other has the recessive phenotype. A testcross is an experiment performed to determine whether the genotype of an organism with a dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous. The organism is mated with another organism that has a recessive phenotype and therefore a homozygous recessive genotype. If the offsprings of this cross all have the dominant phenotype, then the parent with an unknown genotype was homozygous for the dominant allele. If some offsprings have a recessive phenotype, then the parent must be heterozygous.
Maya lives near the sea and likes to have picnics with her friends on the beach. The beach is home to many gulls that carry the bacteria for the disease psittacosis. During one of these picnics, a gust of wind scatters sand and water, which is contaminated with gull droppings, into the air. Five days later, Maya and her friends all develop symptoms of psittacosis. Which mode of disease transmission could have infected Maya and her friends with the psittacosis bacteria?
A.
aerosol
B.
direct contact
C.
vector
D.
oral
Reset
Answers
Answer:
A. Aerosol
Explanation:
Aerosol transmission is when the pathogen is spread through the air, either by the transmission from the air to the person directly or by the pathogen being stored in the environment the infected organism was in.
Lets check the other answers just in case.
B. Maya and her friends did not directly contact the infected seagulls, so this is incorrect.
C. Vector transmission is by utilizing insects in order to transport the pathogen. While this was the cause of the bubonic plague, this is not the case for this transmission.
D. Oral is also not the answer, as they were not exposed by close contact with the infected seagulls. Unless they tried CPR on a seagull or ate an infected seagull, this is unlikely.
Hope this helps!
es la A..............................
.....
ESO CREO
.............
Do you agree or disagree with the assertion that researchers who conduct high-quality research have a duty to share their findings with others? Explain.
Answers
Researchers who conduct high-quality research have the ethical obligation of sharing their findings with others because their discoveries may help human civilization.
Why should researchers share their findings with others?Researchers at high levels should share their findings with others in order to make progress in human civilization, which is fundamental to mitigate big problems current society face such as global warming and or the cure of genetic disorders.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that researchers should share their findings with others if it helps society to advance and mitigate problems.
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